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THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
THE CHRONOLOGY
OF INDIA
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES
TO THE BEGINNING OF THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURY
UY
C. MABEL DUFF
(MRS. W. R. RICKMERS)
M
TOegtm mater
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO.
2, WHITEHALL GARDENS
1899
STKPHKN AUSTIN AND SONS.
PRINTERS, HERTFORD.
PREFACE
npHE plan of arrangement followed in the present work is
generally that of Fynes Clinton's " Epitome of the
Chronologies of Greece and Rome," with such modifications as
the nature of the subject has made necessary. The book consists,
therefore, of a table of events in chronological order. The
marginal date represents the year B.C. or a.d. If only approxi-
mate it is printed in italics. Where a date for an event exists
in a native era it is printed by the side of its equivalent marginal
date, the source from which it is drawn, whether numismatic
or epigraphical, being, as a rule/ indicated.
As regards the classification of the entries, the work follows
Clinton's method in giving first the civil and then the literary
dates. When several events occur under the same date, they
are roughly grouped according to their relative importance.
Events in Northern India take precedence generally of those
in Southern India.
Each entry is accompanied by references to the sources from
which it is derived, save in the case of well-established and
easily verifiable facts. To facilitate matters for those engaged
216708
VI PREFACE.
in epigraphical research references to inscriptions are specially
noted. If an inscription is quoted in the first line of an entry
as authority for the marginal date, the first reference usually
indicates the latest edition of that inscription. To avoid undue
multiplication of references, the quotation of a work containing
the bibliography of a subject has been taken as equivalent to
enumerating the references it contains.
The aim of the book being to give, as far as possible, ascer-
tained dates, such as can only be fixed very indefinitely are
excluded. In the case of kings whose only reliable dates are
drawn from epigraphical or numismatic sources, no attempt has
been made, save in rare exceptions, to calculate the approximate
length of their reigns. This method necessarily excludes from
the Tables those members of a dynasty of whom no dated records
exist. As, however, their names are supplied in the Dynastic
Lists in the Appendix it will be quite easy to refer to them. In
a work like this absolute consistency is hardly attainable. On
the whole, however, the book will be found to follow the lines
indicated, deviations being justified by some special circumstance.
With regard to the Muhammadan portion of the Chronology,
the Persian histories edited by Sir Henry Elliot and Professor
Dowson, supplemented by the British Museum Coin Catalogues
and the works of Elphinstone, Briggs, Price, Clive Bayley,
Blochmann, and others, have supplied a great deal of material.
The work which has, however, yielded the most trustworthy data
for the earlier period of Muhammadan rule in India and the
countries on its North- Western frontier is Major Eaverty's
PREFACE. VU
Tabaqdt-i-Nasiri, which with its minute examination of doubtful
points, its numerous corrections of chronological errors, and its
store of facts drawn from other contemporary writers, makes it
invaluable for the purposes of a work like this. Unfortunately
this history extends only to about the middle of the thirteenth
century, and consequently for the succeeding period we are thrown
back on much less trustworthy sources. In converting the Hijra
dates into those of our era, pains have been taken to ensure
their accuracy.
Any work on Indian Chronology must for the present be
somewhat tentative. Though much has been done in the eluci-
dation of problems, much still remains to be done. This present
work can, therefore, lay no claim to finality, though it is hoped
the attempt to organize some of the accumulated stores of
information on the subject may make future research easier
and the results of past research more generally available than
they have hitherto been.
To those who have aided me in the work I am deeply grateful.
Amongst others my thanks are due to the authorities at the
India Office, the British Museum, and the Royal Asiatic Society
for the courtesy and kindness with which they have facilitated
my task. Amongst those who have rendered me very material
help are Dr. J. McCrindle and Dr. M. A. Stein, the one having
supplied me with the entries relating to Alexander's Indian
campaigns, and the other with the whole series of historical
events as chronicled in the Rdjatarahgini. My thanks are also
due to Mr. Fleet, who lent me the advance copy of his second
Vlll PREFACE.
edition of the Kanarese Dynasties, thus enabling me to supplement
the material derived from the earlier edition. Professors Kielhorn
and Bendall, Dr. Steingass, Major Baverty, and Mr. Eapson
have shown me unvarying courtesy in answering the questions
with which I have had from time to time to trouble them.
Another whom it is now too late to thank, was the late
Dr. Biihler, whose wide knowledge of all aspects of Indian
chronology made his advice and help invaluable. To Professor
Douglas of the British Museum and Mr. "Watters I am indebted
for help in the transliteration of Chinese names. In the arduous
task of proof-reading I have had valuable aid from Miss C. M.
Bidding and the Rev. Mr. Gwynne of Soho, both of whom
I thank for the trouble taken on my behalf. Finally, I wish
to thank Dr. James Burgess for the advice and help he has
continually given me since I began the work. It is not too
much to say that the book, in its present form, owes its existence
to his careful and thoughtful planning. Nearly the whole of
the MS. has been read through by him, and the advice he has
given on details of arrangement and classification has been
invaluable. I owe to him also much information from out-of-
the-way sources, to which, without his aid, I should have had
little opportunity of access,
C. M. DUFF.
5, Brunswick Gardens,
Kensington, IF.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OCCURRING IN THE
PRESENT WORK.
AC. Aufrecht's Catalogus Catalogorum.
AOC. Aufrecht's Oxford Catalogue (i.e. of Sanskrit MSS. in the Bodleian Library).
AR. Asiatic Researches.
AS. Reps. Archaeological Survey Reports. Archaeological Survey "Western India.
Memoranda on Architectural and other Archaeological Remains, by
James Burgess and others. "With translations of Inscriptions, etc., etc.
Ten numbers in one volume. Bombay, 1874-81.
ASNI. Archaeological Survey of Northern India.
Vol. I. Report on the Sharqi Architecture of Jaunpiir.
Vol. II. Monumental Antiquities and Inscriptions in the North-West Provinces
and Oudh, by A. Fiihrer.
ASSI. Arch. Surv. S. India.
Vol. I. Sewell's Lists of Antiquities, Madras (Vol. I).
Vol. II. Sewell's Lists of Antiquities, Madras (Vol. II).
Vol. III. South Indian Inscriptions, Tamil and Sanskrit, edited and translated
by E. Hultzsch (Vol. I).
Vol. IV. South Indian Inscriptions, Tamil and Sanskrit, edited and translated
by E. Hultzsch (Vol. II).
ASWI. Arch. Surv. W. India.
Vol. I. Belgaum and Kaladgi.
Vol. II. Kathiawad and Kachh.
Vol. III. Bidar and Aurungabad.
Vol. IV. Buddhist Cave Temples.
Vol. V. Elura Cave Temples.
B.ASSL IV. Burgess, Arch. Surv. S. India, Tamil and Sanskrit Inscriptions, with
some Notes on Village Antiquities collected chiefly in the South of the
Madras Presidency, by James Burgess. "With translations by S. M.
Natesa S'astri, Pandit. Madras, 1886.
BD. Bhandarkar's Early History of the Dekkan, second edition.
BF. Briggs' Ferishta.
BG-. Bayley's Gujarat (forming a volume of Sir Henry Elliot's series).
BI. Bhaunagar Inscriptions : i.e. A Collection of Prakrit and Sanskrit Inscriptions.
Published by the Bhavnagar Archaeological Department under the auspices
of His Highness Raol Shri Takhtsinghi, G.C.S.I., LL.D. Cantab.,
Maharaja of Bhavnagar.
X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
BKE. Biihler's KaSmir Eeport. Eeport of a tour in search of Sanskrit MSS. in
Kasmir, Rajputana, and Central India, by G. Buhler, extra number of
the JBRAS. 1877, vol. xii.
BMC. British Museum Coin Catalogues. G.S.K. Greek and Scythic Kings, by Percy
Gardner. MS. Muhammadan States, by Stanley Lane-Poole.
BX. Bunyiu Nanjio's Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka.
Oxford, 1883.
BOD, Beal's Oriental Biographical Dictionary.
BR. Bhandarkar's Reports on the search for Sanskrit MSS.
BSM. Catalogue of the Buddhist Sanskrit MSS. in the University of Cambridge, by
Cecil Bendall.
CASR. Cunningham's Archaeological Survey Reports.
CI. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, vol. iii. The Gupta Inscriptions, by J. F. Fleet.
CT. The Cave Temples of India, by James Fergusson and James Burgess. London,
1880.
DV. or OD. The Dipavamsa, ed. Oldenberg.
EM. The History of India as told by its own Historians, ed. Sir Henry Elliot.
EI. Epigraphia Indica.
EIH. Elphinstone's History of India, sixth edition, ed. E. B. Cowell. London, 1874.
FKD. Bom. Gaz. The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts of the Bombay Presidency,
etc., etc., by John Faithful Fleet, Ph.D., CLE. See Bombay Gazetteer,
vol. i, pt. 2, new edition.
HRGB. Historia Regni Graecorum Bactriani, in qua simul graecarum in India
coloniarum vetus memoria explicatur auctore Theophilo S. Bayeri.
Petropoli, 1788.
IA. Indian Antiquary.
J A. Journal Asiatique.
JAOS. Journal American* Oriental Society.
JBA. Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society.
JBRAS. Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
JRAS. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, o.s. Old Series; n.s. New Series.
LIA. Lassen's Indische Alterthumskunde, second edition.
MCCM. Madras Christian College Magazine.
MGO. Madras Government Orders, i.e., Madras Public Proceedings, Record Department,
India Office.
MJ. Madras Journal.
MJLS. Madras Journal of Literature and Science.
MS. See under BMC.
MV. or TM. MahavamSa, ed. Turnour.
NO. Numismatic Chronicle.
NO. Numismata Orientalia.
PI A. Prinsep's Essays on Indian Antiquities, ed. Edward Thomas.
PK. The Chronicles of the Pathan Kings of Delhi, by E. Thomas.
PMD. The Mohammadan Dynasties, Chronological and Genealogical Tables, with
Historical Introductions, by Stanley Lane -Poole.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XI
PMH. Price's Muhamraadan History.
PR. Peterson's Reports of the search for Sanskrit MSS.
I. Detailed Report of operations in search of Sanskrit MSS. in the Bombay
Circle, August, 1882 — March, 1883, by Professor Peterson, extra number.
JBRAS. 1883.
II. A Second Report, etc., April, 1883 — March, 1884, by the same, ex. no.
JBRAS. 1884.
III. A Third Report, etc., April, 1884 — March, 1886, by the same, ex. no.
JBRAS. 1887.
IV. A Fourth Report, etc., April, 1887— March, 1892, ex. no. JBRAS. 1894.
PSOCI. Pali, Sanskrit, and Old Canarese Inscriptions.
PUT. Prinsep's Useful Tables, appended to Thomas's edition of Prinsep's Essays.
litijat. Stein's edition of the Rajatarangim.
REC. Rice's Epigraphia Carnatica {Inscriptions in the Mysore District, pt. i).
BMI. Mysore Inscriptions, translated by Lewis Rice (a different work from the
preceding) .
RX. Revue Numismatique.
RT. Raverty's Translation of the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri (Bibliotheca Indica).
SBE. Sacred Books of the East.
Sbhv. Subhashitavali, ed. Professor Peterson.
TRAS. Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society.
VOJ. Vienna Oriental Journal.
Weber, Catal. Die Handschriften-Verzeichnisse der Koniglichen Bibliothek zu Berlin.
WL. Weber's Indian Literature (Triibner's Oriental Series).
WVP. Wilson's Vishnupurana, ed. F. E. Hall.
ZDMG. Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenlandischen Gesellschaft.
WORKS QUOTED WITH ABBREVIATED TITLES.
Apollonius of Tyana. The Indian Travels of Apollonius of Tyana and the Indian
Embassies to Rome, from the reign of Augustus to the death of Justinian,
by Osmond de B. Priaulx. London (Quaritch), 1873; also JRAS., o.s.,
xvii, 70.
Biihler, Die indischen Inschriften. See Sitzungsberichte der K. A. d. W. Wien, phil.
hist. CL, Band cxxii, 1890.
Chavannes, Memoire. Memoire composee a l'epoque de la grande Dynastee T'ang, sur
les Religieux E'minents, etc., par I-tsing, traduit par E. Chavannes.
F. E. Hall's Phil. Ind. A Contribution towards an Index to the Bibliography of the
Indian Philosophical Systems. Calcutta, 1859.
Sitzungsberichte der K. A. d. W. Wien (Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaf ten) .
THE
CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA
1"N the present work it is proposed to collect and tabulate systemati-
cally those dates in the civil and literary history of India which
have been ascertained by scientific research up to the present time.
The accumulation of material treating of Indian chronology, scattered
as it is through hundreds of volumes and periodicals, both English
and foreign, necessitates some work which — while organizing the results
arrived at — serves at the same time as an index to the sources from
which these are drawn.
As is well known, the literature of the Hindus, extensive and
valuable as it is, contains scarcely any works of a historical character.
For a trustworthy chronology of India we are, therefore, mainly
dependent on the testimony of coins and inscriptions. Where these
fail us, as in the early history of the country, we are thrown back
on conjectures and inferences which are always liable to be modified
or upset by future discovery. To Sir William Jones we owe the
identification of the Sandrokottos or Sandrokoptos of the Greek writers
with Chandragupta, the founder of the Maurya dynasty, whose date,
B.C. 315, affords a starting-point from which, with the aid of Singhalese
and other Buddhist records eked out by Pauranic tradition, it is possible
to reconstruct with some degree of success an outline of the history
of Upper India between the sixth and third centuries b.c For the
long period lying between Asoka and the Huhammadan invasions under
Mahmud of Ghaznl, our information is drawn almost entirely from
coins and inscriptions, supplemented occasionally by the notices of
contemporary writers, native and foreign. In some cases, notably in
those of Kashmir and Gujarat, we find trustworthy materials for a
definite chronology in the records of the native chroniclers.
1
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Of the period of Graeco-Baktrian rule our knowledge is of the most
fragmentary kind. To many of the kings whose names have come
down to us, it is impossible to do more than assign an approximate
date. The same uncertainty exists with regard to the history of the
various tribes which supplanted the Greek kings in Baktria and
Northern India, though Chinese records throw some light on the
movements of the Yueh-ti, the Kushana branch of which established
so powerful a dominion in Northern India under Kozulo Kadphises.
"With Kanishka, the successor of this king, we touch firmer ground,
as it is now generally agreed that the dates in the reigns of himself
and his successors are to be referred to the Saka era.
For the Western Kshatrapas of Malava and Gujarat we have a con-
tinuous chronology, derived chiefly from coins dated almost certainly
in the same era, while a few synchronisms between them and the
Andhrabhrityas help to fix approximately the period of the later
members of this dynasty.
From the fourth century onwards coins and inscriptions on stone and
copper-plates become much more numerous. Their importance for the
elucidation and reconstruction of Indian history has been recognized ever
since the first epigraphical and numismatic discoveries of Orientalists
a century ago. But subjected to the critical and scientific methods of
modern research, they have yielded a harvest of results undreamed of
by the pioneers of Oriental learning. Nor is the field as yet exhausted,
for scarcely a month passes without adding fresh data to our store of
chronological material.
The blanks left in Indian history by the absence of all authentic
records have been, to some extent, filled by the information gleaned from
the notices of foreign writers. Setting aside those of Greek origin,
our most important authorities in this respect are the Chinese. The
Travels of Fa-Hien, Hiuen-Tsang, and I-tsing have supplied many
important data for the periods to which they belong, while the minute
and careful State records of the Chinese have not only given us valuable
details as to the history of the barbarous Skythian tribes, whose move-
ments on the northern frontier of India in the first century of our era
would otherwise be so obscure, but have further preserved to us the names
of numerous Sramanas who visited China in the interests of Buddhism ;
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA. S
as well as notices of embassies between China and India, all bearing
witness to the close intercourse maintained between the two countries.
For the Guptas who overthrew the Kshatrapas about the end of the
fourth century, we have a definite chronology derived from numerous
coins and inscriptions, enabling us to fix within very narrow limits the
reigns of the different sovereigns.
From this time onwards our chronological materials become more
ample. The dates of the Gurjaras of Bharoch, of the Valabhi kings, and
of the Early Chalukya dynasty are known from epigraphical sources,
while a few facts of Pallava history have been gleaned by means of
synchronisms between Early Chalukya and Pallava kings.
The seventh century opens with the supremacy of Harshavardhana, or
Slladitya of Kanauj, the epoch of whose era is now fixed for the year
A.n. 606. The same period saw the disruption of the Early Chalukya
kingdom into an Eastern and a Western branch, both of which have left
numerous dated inscriptions, supplying not only a definite chronology
but many details throwing light on their relations with other kingdoms.
The chronology of the Paramara dynasty in Malava, from the early
part of the ninth century, is derived largely from inscriptions, though,
here, as elsewhere in the later history of India, contemporary literature
has added its quota. Similarly Hemadri's Vratdklianda has supplemented
the data drawn from other sources as to the Early Yadavas and their
successors at Devagiri.
The inscriptions of the Palas of Bengal who rose to power about the
middle of the same century are, for the most part, dated in regnal
years. Their chronology must, therefore, remain for the present an
open question. For the Chandellas, the Kalachuris of Chedi, the
Chaulukyas of Anhilvad, and other dynasties of the tenth and following
centuries, materials for fixing a definite chronology are abundant.
"With the rise of the Muhammadan dominion in India in the beginning
of the eleventh century, a change takes place in the character of our
sources of information. Instead of being restricted to solitary fragments
of history, drawn from the meagre records of a copper-plate or an in-
scription, we have copious accounts of contemporary events from the pens
of historians who have at least a chronological instinct, if occasionally
they fail in accuracy as regards individual dates.
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
For the history of the native kingdoms during this period inscriptions
continue to be our chief source of information.
With regard to the literary chronology of India our knowledge of
even approximate dates is, in the early period, very vague. From the
seventh century onwards it becomes possible, however, by aid of syn-
chronisms, contemporary notices, and internal evidence, to fix fairly
definitely the period of some of the more famous writers of the time.
Later on we have the extensive chronological material supplied by
Bhandarkar, Biihler, and Peterson, in the reports of their tours in search
of Sanskrit MSS.
"While referring the reader to the Preface for a full explanation of
the method of arrangement adopted in the following tables, it should
perhaps be stated here that those dates in them which are printed in
italics represent such, as are only approximately correct, being based on
inferences which, though more or less reliable in the present state of
our knowledge, may have to yield to any fresh evidence that future
research may bring to bear upon them.
B.C.
3102
8076
557
528
527
Friday, February 18, the beginning of the Kaliyuga or Hindu
astronomical era, on the 588,466th day of the Julian Period. It
is often used in dates, and precedes the Yikrama Samvat by 3044
years and the Saka era by 3179 years.
K.Y. 26, Chaitra ISudi 1, initial date assigned to the Laukika
or Saptarshi era, traditionally used in Kashmir. It reckons by
cycles of a hundred years, and the first year of each coincides with
the 27th current year of the Kaliyuga century, or the 47th
of the Sakakala, that is, nearly with the 25th year of an a.d.
century. — BKR. 59. Rujatarangim, i, 52. I A. xx, 149.
Siddhartha, afterwards Gautama the Buddha, born at Kapilavastu.
Siddhartha leaves Kapilavastu and becomes an ascetic.
Death of Mahavira Yardhamana Jiiataputra, founder of the
Nirgrantha or Jaina sect, being 470 years before the Yikrama
era according to the Svetanibara Jains, and 605 years before the
B.C. 515—513.
&aka era according to the Digambaras. Jaina tradition gives
also the dates 545 and 467 B.C. for this event, but the latter year
is at variance with Buddhist tradition which states that Mahavira
died during Buddha's lifetime. — Kalpasutra of Bhadrabahu, ed.
Jacobi, Ahhandlungen fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Bd. vii, Int.
7 fi\, or SBE. xxii, Int. xff. Biihler, Secte der Jaina, 38. IA. viii,
Dareios Hystaspes sends Skylax, of Karyanda, between B.C. 515
and 509, to explore the course of the Indus. Skylax, starting
from Kaspatyros in the district of Paktyike, navigates the river,
and returns by the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea. He is said to
have written an account of his voyage, of which possibly a few
fragments remain. About this same period Dareios subdues the
races dwelling on the right bank of the Indus, north of the Kabul
river, the " Northern Indians" of Herodotos. The inscription of
Dareios at Persepolis mentions Harauvatis, Idhus, and Gandhara
as subject to him. The inhabitants of Gandhara, the Sattagydai
and ArakhSsians, formed a satrapy of the Persian Empire. The
Asvaka (Assakenoi) on the left bank of the Kabul, with the
races farther north on the Indus, formed a special satrapy, that
of the Indians. Both, according to Herodotos, furnished soldiers
for Xerxes' great enterprise against Greece. The Persian power
was probably exercised over these peoples as early as the reign
of Kyros. Arrian mentions the Astakenoi and Assakenoi as being-
tributary to him; while his statement that the same tribes
were, at an earlier period, subject to Assyria, points to the
sovereignty of that empire having, at one time, extended to these
regions. Evidence of an Assyrian expedition of some kind in
this direction is preserved in a bas-relief found at Birs Nimrud,
in which prisoners, with the Baktrian camel, the elephant, and
the rhinoceros, are represented as being brought to the king. —
Kawlinson, Anc. Monarchies, iv, 433. LIA. i, 1031. Duncker, Gesch.
des Alterthums, iii, 14, 294. Droysen, Gesch. des Mellenismus, vol. i,
bk. 3, p. 97.
Bimbisara, Srenya or &renika, king of Magadha, son of
Bhattiya and friend of Buddha, who was his senior by five
years. He was murdered after a reign of fifty -two years by his
son Ajatasatru (Mahdvamsa). The Dulva states that Bimbisara
conquered Brahmadatta, king of Ahga, by whom his father had
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
B.C.
513
485
478
477
been subdued, and took his capital Champa, living there until
Bhattiya's death, when he moved to Rajagriha. The Vaiju and
Matsya Purdnas — in the latter of which he is called Bindusena or
Yindhyasena — assign Bimbisara a reign of twenty-eight years, and,
with the other Puranas, call his predecessor Kshetrajfia or Ksha-
traujas, and represent him as belonging to the Saisunaga dynasty.
Buddhist authorities, according to whom the Saisunaga dynasty
succeeded that of Ajatasatru, call him a Yaideha. — LIA. i, 859 ;
ii, 69. "WYP. iv, 180. MY., chap. ii.
Ajatasatru or Kiinika murders and succeeds his father Bimbisara,
eight years before Buddha's death. He is said to have been
at first a persecutor of the Buddhists, but later on a convert.
Amongst other acts ascribed to him are : — the founding of the
new Rajagriha and the capture of Yaisall. The Mahdvamsa
assigns him a reign of thirty-two years, the Vdyu Purdna one
of twenty-five, and the Matsya one of twenty-seven. According
to the Vishnu, Vdyu, and Matsya Purdnas his successors were : —
Darbhaka, Udayasva, called also TJdayin orUdibhi, Nandivardhana,
and Mahanandin, ruling 143 (or 140) years. Their successors,
known to Buddhist sources as the Nandas, reigned until the ac-
cession of Chandragupta in b.c 315. Singhalese and other Buddhist
authorities, while omitting Darbhaka, name Udayin as the successor
of Ajatasatru. They differ, however, entirely from the Pauranic
sources in their lists of the succeeding kings. For the comparative
tables of these see Appendix.— LIA. ii, 82, 86 fi\, 90, 97. WYP. iv,
181. MY., chap. ii. ZDMG. xxxiv, 183 fi\, 748 ff. ; xxxv, 667.
Yidudabha or Yirudhaka, son of Prasenajit, king of Kosala,
dethrones his father and exterminates the Sakya clan at Kapila-
vastu.
Buddha's death in the eighth year of Ajatasatru, and calcu-
lated from the accession of Chandragupta, Maurya, which it
preceded by 162 years. Singhalese tradition places it in b.c. 543,
Rhys Davids assigns it to about b.c. 412, Westergaard and Kern
to between 388 and 370 b.c— JBA. xxiii, 704. CASR. iii, 126.
IA. vi, 154.
Buddhist Council at Rajagriha under Kasyapa, Ananda, and
TJpali. — SBE. x, Int. xxxix. NO. i, Anc. Coins and Measures of
Ceylon, 38.
B.C. 415—326.
Ktesias, a Greek physician of Knidofl ; for seventeen years at
the court of Persia under Dareios II and Artaxerxes Mnemon,
returning to his own country about B.C. 398. Author of the Indika,
the earliest Greek work on India. The original is lost, but an
abridgment of it by Photios still exists, and fragments of it are
preserved in the works of other writers. — LI A. ii, 641 ff.
McCrindle, Anc. India, as described by Ktesias the Knidian.
Buddhist Council said to have been held at Vaisali for the
consideration and rejection of ten erroneous doctrines. According
to Singhalese tradition this was 118 years before Asoka's corona-
tion.— Vinayapitakam, ed. Oldenberg, Int. xxix, xxxviii.
A. Vir. 170. Bhadrabahu, head of the Digambara Jains, dies.
6v.etanibara tradition refers the collection of the Angas by the
Sangha of Pataliputra to the time of his patriarchate. The
Digambaras place his death in a.v. 162. — SBE. xxii, Int. xliii.
Probable date of the grammarian Panini, according to Bohtlingk ;
though Goldstiicker and Bhandarkar place him before Buddha.
— Panini's Grammatik, hrsg. von 0. Bohtlingk, Einleitung. Gold-
stiicker, Pdnini, his Place in Sanskrit Literature ; also Lit. Rem. i,
126 ff. BD! 9. WL. 217 ff. Indische Streifen, ii, 94 ff. ; iii, 408.
IA. xxii, 222.
Alexander, in the spring, completes the reduction of Sogdiana
by invading the Paraitakai (the people of Hissar). The Rock
of Khorienes, situated near Faizabad on the river Waksh, which
was deemed impregnable, having capitulated, he marches back
to Baktra, where he completes his preparations for the invasion
of India. Leaving Baktra at the end of spring, he recrosses the
Indian Kaukasos, and having advanced eastward to Mkaia, he is
joined by Omphis, king of Taxila, and other chiefs, who had
tendered their submission. From this place he despatches one
part of his army to the river Indus by way of the Khaibar Pass,
while, with the other, he himself pursues a more northerly and
circuitous route, subduing on his way the Nysaians, Aspasians,
Assakenians, and Gouraians, and capturing the strong cities of
Massaga and Peukelaotis and the celebrated Rock Aornos. *~-~
Alexander, having crossed the Indus near the modern Attak,
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
B.C.
326
advances to Taxila, a great and flourishing city three marches
east of the river, where he is hospitably entertained by Omphis
or Taxiles. After the rains had set in he marches to the Hydaspes
(Jhilain), and encamps on its right bank at Jalalpur, whence
he sees the army of P5ros prepared to dispute his crossing.
Having made the passage of the river at a point above Jalalpur,
he engages and defeats Poros in a great battle, taking him
prisoner. He then founds two cities, Mkaia (now Mong) on the
site of the victory, and Boukephala at his passage of the river,
named in memory of his famous horse which was killed in
the battle. He next conquers the Glausai, who inhabited the
districts now called Bhimber and Bajaur, and receives the sub-
mission of Abisares of Kashmir. Having crossed the Akesines
(Chenab), he traverses the country between that river and the
Hydraotes (Ravi) in pursuit of Poros, who was the nephew
of the great Poros and had revolted. Crossing the Hydra5tes,
he advances to the Hyphasis (Biyas), but is opposed by tbe
Kathaians, whose form of government was republican. He drives
them into their capital, San gala, which he besieges, captures, and
razes to the ground. He next receives the submission of
Sophytes, king of a flourishing territory lying to the west of the
Hyphasis, towards the foot of the hills. Having obtained inform-
ation as to the strength of the army kept by Agrammes or
Xandrames, king of Magadha, his troops refuse to proceed, and
Alexander returns to the Hydaspes, causing the two cities which
he had founded near it, and which had been damaged by the rains,
to be repaired. He then prepares a fleet for the transport of
a part of his troops down the river to the sea. Here he loses one
of his greatest generals — Koinos. At the end of October the fleet
sails. Alexander hastens the voyage on learning that the Malloi
and Oxydrakai are preparing to resist him. Having reached the
junction of the Akesines with the Hydaspes, he makes an inroad
into the country of the Sibi to prevent their aiding the Malloi.
With one division of his army he invades the territories of the
Malloi and captures a strongly fortified city to which they had
fled (possibly Kot Kamalia). After taking other strongholds,
he defeats the Malloi at the Hydraotes (Ravi), near Multan, and
then attacks one of their chief fortresses, in the capture of which
he is wounded. Having received the submission of the Malloi
and Oxydrakai, he continues his voyage to the confluence of the
united streams of the Pan jab with the Indus.
b.c. 325—324.
Alexander is rejoined at the Indus by Perdikkas, who had
subjugated the Abastanoi. Here also he receives the submission
of the Ossadioi, and founds a city to which he gives his own
name. He next comes to the capital of the Sogdoi, where he
constructs dockyards, thereafter reaching the dominions of
Mousikanos, whose metropolis seems to have been at Alor. He
then wars against Oxykanos and against Sambos, who ruled the
mountainous country to the west of the Indus, and whose capital
was Sindimana (now Sehwan). He despatches Krateros with
part of his army to Karmania by the route through the Arakhosians
and Sarangians. Towards the end of summer he reaches Patala,
a city at the apex of the Delta (probably east of Haidarabad).
From Patala he sails down the right arm of the Indus to the
ocean, and afterwards down the left arm. He then starts with
part of his remaining forces to return to Persia by way of Gedrosia.
The other part he places under the command of Nearkhos, who
conducts the fleet from the Indus to the head of the Persian
Gulf, starting on his voyage towards the end of September, after
Alexander had, early in that month, taken his departure.
Alexander, having crossed the river Arabios (now the Purali),
invades the Oreitai (Lus Bela tribes), whom he reduces to sub-
mission. In the country of the Oreitai, Ptolemy, afterwards king
of Egypt, is dangerously wounded by a poisoned arrow. According
to Diodoros Sikulos, this happened in Sindh, near Hermatelia.
The fleet, having reached Alexander's Haven (somewhere near
Karachi), is detained twenty-four days. From the country of
the Oreitai, Alexander enters Gedrosia, and, after a terrible march
of sixty days through its burning sands, in which many of his
soldiers perish, he reaches its capital, Poura (perhaps Bampur).
After leaving Poura he receives tidings that Philip, whom he
had appointed satrap of the Panjab, had been murdered in India
by his mercenaries, and his death avenged by his Makedonian
body-guards. Upon this, Alexander appoints Eudemos and Taxiles
to administer the satrapy until he sends a successor.
Alexander, on reaching Karmania, is rejoined by the troops
under Krateros, and is informed by Nearkhos of the safety of
his fleet, which has reached the river Anamis (the Minab) at
the entrance of the Persian Gulf. From Karmania, after cele-
brating his conquest of the Indians, Alexander sends the main
body of his army under Hephaistion to Susa by the coast road,
10 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
^
B.C.
324 and marches himself with a small division to the same capital
by way of Pasargadai and Persepolis. At the village of Ahwaz,
on the river Enlaios (the Ula'i of Daniel and now the Karun),
towards the end of February, he finds Nearkhos and the fleet. At
Susa, Kalanos the gymnosophist, who had accompanied him from
Taxila, burns himself on a funeral pile. Towards the end of the
year Alexander goes to Ekbatana, where he loses his favourite
Hephaistion.
323 Alexander returns, early in spring, to Babylon, where he is
cut off, in June, by malarious fever.
321 Second division of the Macedonian Empire at Triparadeisos.
Sibyrtios confirmed in the government of Gedrosia and ArakhSsia,
Oxyartes in that of the Paropamisos, Peithon in that of the
Cis-Indian territory, Taxiles in that of the country on the
Hydaspes, and Poros in that of the lower Indus. — Droysen,
Gesch. des Hellenismus, vol. ii, bk. 1, 143-4.
317 Eudemos, the military governor of the Panjab, treacherously
murders Poros, to whom, along with Taxiles, the civil adminis-
tration had been entrusted, and takes possession of his kingdom.
Later in the same year Eudemos joins Eumenes in Susiana
against Antigonos. His departure from India is fatal to the
Greek power there. Sandrokottos (Chandragupta) leads the
revolt against foreign ascendancy and makes himself master of
the Panjab.
315 Chandragupta establishes the Maurya dynasty at Pataliputra.
The chronology of this dynasty and that of Buddha's death
are determined by the initial date assigned to this king (see
B.C. 477). The outside termini for his accession are the years
320 and 310 B.C., but historical evidence inclines to B.C. 315 or
312, the latter being coincident with the Seleukidan era. The
Vdyu Pur ana, the Dipavamsa, and the Atthakathd all assign
Chandragupta a reign of twenty -four years. His history is the
subject of Visakhadatta's play — the Mudrardkshasa. — MY., chap. v.
Max Miiller, Hist. Anc. Sans. Lit. 298. Kern, Geschiedenis van het
Buddhisme in Indie, ii, 266, note. LI A. ii, 64-5, 222, 1207. SBE.
xxii, Int. xff. JRAS.,n.s.,xv, 77. IA. vi, 154 if.; xx, 242. Wilson,
Theatre ii, 127-150. See Appendix.
B.C. 305—259. 11
B.C.
305
Seleukos Nikator, king of Syria, is said to have undertaken
an expedition against Chandragupta about this time, in order to
recover the Indian conquests of Alexander. The result is a treaty
by which Seleukos cedes to Chandragupta the eastern parts of
Gedrosia and Arakhosia, together with the Paropamisos and the
territories on the west bank of the Indus, in exchange for 500
elephants.
About this time, or a little later, Megasthenes was sent by
Seleukos as ambassador to Chandragupta at Palibothra (Patali-
putra). His Indika, of which a few fragments remain, gives
a valuable picture of the life and customs of the Hindus at that
date. — LIA. ii, 218-9, 688. Duncker, Gesch. des Alterthums, iii,
3-16. Droysen, Gesch. des Hellenismus, vol. ii, bk. 3, 199 ; iii, bk. 1,
77. IA. v, 333.
Bindusara, Maurya, succeeds his father Chandragupta. By
the Greeks he is known as Amitrochates, i.e. Amitraghata.
Dairnachos was sent to him as ambassador by Antiokhos, and
Dionysios by Ptolemy Philadelphos. Bindusara is stated by the
Malidvamsa to have reigned twenty-eight years, by the Vdyu
Pur ana, which calls him Bhadrasara, twenty-five years. — MV.,
chap. v. LIA. ii, 222 ff., 1207. Droysen, Gesch. des Eellenismus,
vol. iii, bk. 1, 80.
Asoka succeeds his father Bindusara at Pataliputra, when he
is said to have put most of the royal family to death. His
abhisheka took place in the fourth year of his reign.
a.b. 219 cur. Asoka crowned at Pataliputra, according to the
Mahavamsa, in the fourth year of his reign, and 218 years after
Buddha's death. The Mahava'm&a assigns to Asoka a reign of
thirty-seven years; the year 257 a.b., in which, according to
Biihler, the Rupnath and Sahasram edicts are dated, would corre-
spond, therefore, to the last of his reign. The chief events
mentioned in his edicts are: — Asoka's conquest of Kalihga in
his ninth year (Rock Edict xiii) ; his institution, in the
eleventh year, of an annual progress throughout his dominions
in search of religious truth; his solemn adoption, in the
thirteenth year, of the Dhanima or Sacred Law, and the order
for its propagation by his officials on their annual tours through
their districts (Rock Edict iii) ; and the appointment, in his
12 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
fourteenth year, of the Dhammamahamatras or Superintendents of
the Sacred Law. His conversion to Buddhism is assigned by the
Mahavamsa to his fourth year, hut on the evidence of the edicts it
may have occurred as late as the twenty-ninth year of his reign.
Under Asoka the Mauryan Empire extended over the whole of
Northern India, from Afghanistan to Maisur, and from Kathiavad
to Kalihga (Orissa). Among his contemporaries were Antiokhos II
of Syria (b. c. 260-247), Ptolemy Philadelphos (285-247),
Antigonos Gonatos of Makedonia (278-242), Magas of Kyrene
(d. 258), and Alexander of Epeiros (between 262 and 258), who
have been identified with the kings mentioned in his thirteenth
edict. Senart has come to somewhat different conclusions regarding
Asoka's initial date. Taking the synchronism of the Greek kings
as the basis of his calculation, he fixes Asoka's accession in
b.c. 273 and his coronation in 269. This would force Chandra-
gupta's accession back to b.c 325. — MV., chap. v. LIA. ii, 223 ff.
I A. vi, 149 ff. CI. i, pref. vii. Vinayapitaham, ed. Oldenberg,
Int. xxxviii. CT. 23. ZDMG. xxxv, 473 ; xxxvii, 87 ; xxxix,
489 ; xl, 127 ; xli, 1 ; xliii, 128, 273 ; xliv, 702 ; xlvi, 54, 539 ;
xlviii, 49. IA. xx, 154, 229 ff . ; xxii, 299. EI. ii, 245 ff.
Diodotos, satrap of Baktria, revolts against Antiokhos II of
Syria, and founds the Graeco-Baktrian kingdom. This event was,
according to Justin, contemporaneous with the revolt of Parthia
under Arsakes. Yon Sallet and Lassen follow Bayer in placing
the Parthian revolt in b.c 250, and the last places the accession
of Diodotos in b.c 255. Justin says Diodotos was succeeded by
a son of the same name, but there is no numismatic evidence in
support of this statement. — Bayer, HRGB. 38. LIA. ii, 295 ff.
Yon Sallet, Nachfolger Alexanders, 3. BMC, G.S.K., xx.
246
2Jp.
The so-called Third Buddhist Council held at Pataliputra in
the seventeenth year of Asoka's reign, under the presidency of
Tishya Maudgallputra. — LIA., ii, 240 ff. DY. vii, 44. Vinaya-
pitaham, ed. Oldenberg, Int. xxxi ff. WL. 290. SBE. x, Int.
xxvi, xxxix.
The Buddhist Council sends Mahendra, son of King Asoka, as
missionary to Ceylon, where he introduces the Buddhist religion
in the reign of Devanampiyatissa. — LIA. ii, 259. MY., chap. xiii.
SBE. x, Int. xxxix.
B.C. 220—181. 13
Euthydemos of Magnesia overthrows Diodotos of Baktria and
usurps his kingdom ; is in full power at the time of the eastern
expedition of Antiokhos III (b.c. 208). Euthydemos con-
siderably extended the Greek power in India, and ruled M also
the widest district ever possessed by the Greeks to the north of
the Paropamisos, from Margiana to Chinese Tartary." — LIA. ii,
307. Yon Sallet, Nachfolger Alexanders, 5. BMC, G.S.K., xxi.
Dasaratha, Maurya, second in succession from Asoka, according
to the Puriinas, and mentioned in a Gaya inscription of the third
century. See Appendix.— LIA. ii, 283 ff., 1208.
Antiokhos III of Syria, after making war on Euthydemos of
Baktria, concludes a peace and acknowledges his independence.
He then crosses the Paropamisos into India, makes a treaty with
Sophagasenos (Subhagasena), and returns in the following year
through Arakhosia and Drangiana to Syria. — LIA. ii, 285. BMC,
G.S.K., xxii.
Deruetrios of Baktria invades and reduces the Panjab during
the reign of his father Euthydemos. Demetrios probably succeeded
his father about b.c 190.— LIA. ii, 313 ff. BMC, G.S.K., xxiii,
xxxiii. See Encyc. Brit, under Persia, p. 590.
Mahendra, son of King Asoka, dies in Ceylon in his 60th year. —
DY. xvii, 95.
Eukratides, the rival of Demetrios I. Justin states that the
Indian conquests of Eukratides belong to the end of his reign,
and that Demetrios ruled until nearly the same time. The coins
of the former, found at Balkh, Slstan, in the Kabul Yalley, and
the Panjab, seem, however, to show that Demetrios was early
deprived of his Indian territories, and that Eukratides, for the
greater part of his reign, ruled in India as well as over Baktria
and Arakh5sia. Towards the end of it Mithridates I of Parthia
seized the provinces of Turiua and Aspiones (situated probably
in the district of the Taj and and Hari-rud). As coins of Eukratides
are copied by Plato (probably a revolted satrap of his own), b.c. 165,
and by Timarkhos of Babylon, b.c 162, his reign may have ex-
tended to this or even a later year. Its beginning was, according
to Justin, contemporary with that of Mithridates I (b.c 171), but
Bayer places it in b.c 181. Eukratides founded the city of
Eukratideia in Baktria.
14 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
B.C.
180
178
The reigns of Euthydemos II, Pantaleon, Agathokles, and
Antimakhos I fall about the same period as that of Eukratides.
Numismatic evidence points to the three first having belonged to
the party of Euthydemos I and Demetrios, and suggests the
possibility of their having been sons of the latter. The locality
of the kingdom of Euthydemos II cannot be determined ; the
date of his reign may have been about b.c 170.
Pantaleon' s reign was probably shorter and less widely extended
than that of Agathokles, with whom he seems to have been
nearly related. Coins of both are found in the Kabul Valley
and the Western Pan-jab ; those of Agathokles also in Qandahar.
The coins of Antimakhos point to his having gained a naval
victory, probably on the Indus. — Bayer, HRGB. 42, 88. Y. de St.
Martin, Les Huns Blancs, 23, note 2. LIA. ii, 318 ff. Yon Sallet,
Naclifolger Alexanders, 8 ff. CASE, xiv, 18 ff. BMC, G.S.If.,
xxiv ff .
Rise of the Andhrabhritya or Satavahana dynasty. Names
of three of the early princes of this dynasty occur in in-
scriptions belonging to the first half of the second century b.c
Siniuka Satavahana, mentioned in an inscription at Nanaghat,
has been identified by Biihler with the prince whose name, under
the forms Sindhuka, Sisuka, JSipraka, and Chhismaka, stands first
in the Pauranic lists of the Andhras as founder of the dynasty.
Krishna Satavahana, of whom there is an inscription at Nasik of the
same period, is the second prince of these lists, there called a brother
of Simuka. 6atakarni, whose name, with that of his wife Nayanika,
occurs in a Nanaghat inscription of the same time as that of Simuka,
has been identified with the third prince of the Pauranic lists.
He is probably, too, the &atakarni king whom Kharavela of
Kalihga, in the Hathigumpha inscription, claims to have protected
in the second year of his reign (b.c. 163). — General references
for the dynasty :— WYP. iv, 194ff. Trans. Or. Cong. 1874, 306 ff.
JBRAS. xii, 407 ff. ; xiii, 303 ; xiv, 147 ff. ; xv, 305. I A. vii, 257 ;
x, 225 ff. ; xii, 27, 272 ; xxi, 203 ff. JRAS., N.S., 1890, 639 ff. ;
ib. 1893, 613. ASWI. iv, 98 ff. ; v, 59 ff. ; B.ASSI. i, 3 ff. BD.,
sees, iv-vi.
Pushyamitra, according to Pauranic tradition, overthrows
Brihadratha, last of the Mauryas, and founds the &unga dynasty
in Magadha, 137 years after Chandragupta's coronation. The
B.C. 165—160. 15
Vishnu, Vdyu, and Matsya Purdnas represent him as Brihadratha's
general, the Vdyu assigning him a reign of sixty, the Matsya
and Brahmdnda one of thirty-six years, after which, according
to the Vishnu and Brahmdnda Purunas, he was succeeded by his
son Agnimitra, who, as king of Yidisa, is the hero of Kalidasa's
JlahivikCujnimitra. Pushyamitra, who figures in the same play,
is also mentioned in the Asoka Avaddna as a persecutor of the
Buddhists.— WYP. iv, 190 ff. LIA. ii, 283, 361 ff., 1208. Shankar
P. Pandit's Mdlavikdgnimitra, pref. xxxi. Bhdgavata Purdna, xii,
1. 15. BD. 23. IA. i, 301 ; ii, 61, 362. See Appendix.
The great Yueh-ti, driven westward by the Hiung-nu, establish
themselves in Sogdiana by the expulsion of the Sse, Sek, or
Saka tribe, which, thus dispossessed, invades Baktria. The Yueh-ti
were found settled north of the Oxus about the year 126 B.C.
by Chang K'ien, ambassador of Wu-ti of the First Han dynasty.
After this they captured Lan-chi, the capital of the Ta-hia, and
established themselves definitely in Baktria. One hundred years
after this conquest Kadphises (Khiu-tsiu-kio), leader of the Kushana
tribe, conquered all the rest and destroyed the Greek kingdom in
India under Hermaios. The above dates are given on the authority
of Specht, but differ slightly from those assigned by other writers.
— LIA. ii, 367 ff. JA., 3e serie, t. viii, 264 ; ib., 8e serie, ii, 317 ff.,
and 348. Drouin, EN., 3e serie, t. vi, 21, 215. JRAS., n.s., xiv,
77 ff. .
Heliokles succeeds his father Eukratides, and reigns till
about 120. Baktria was lost to the Sse or &aka tribe apparently
after b.c 140, and wrested from it by the Yueh-ti about b.c 126,
or later. See b.c 165/
To about the same period as Heliokles belong Apollodotos I,
Antialkidas, Lysias, Strato I, Philoxenos, and Archebios.
Apollodotos I is supposed by Lassen to have been a brother
of Heliokles, and to have wrested from him the Indian provinces
of the kingdom on the death of their father Eukratides. The
proximity of Apollodotos to the latter in point of time is proved
by his coins, which are re-struck with the name of Eukratides.
They are found in the Upper Kabul Yalley, Qandahar, Boh, and
Sindh, and are distinct from, and more widely distributed than,
those of Apollodotos Philopator, who was probably a later king.
Antialkidas and Lysias reigned in the Kabul Yalley and the
16 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
B.C.
160 Panjab. Antialkidas seems to have been a contemporary or
successor of Heliokles, and may have belonged to the Eukratidian
dynasty. The connection of Lysias is obscure.
Strato and his wife Agathokleia, possibly a descendant of
Euthydemos I, are assigned to this period, as Heliokles and
Strato re-strike each other's coins. A Strato II, son of Strato,
seems to have followed. — Y. de St. Martin, Les Huns Manes, 23,
n. 2. LIA. ii, 324 ff., 333 ff., 345 ff., 348 ff. Nachfolger Alexanders,
22 ff., 130. See Encyc. Brit, under Persia, 591 ff. BMC, G.S.K.,
Int. xxix-xxxix.
150 Maurya era 165 — date of the Hathigumpha inscription of the
thirteenth year of Kharavela or Bhikhuraja, of Kalihga. His
accession would fall, therefore, in B.C. 163. Bhagwanlal Indraji
calculated the Maurya era from Asoka's conquest of Kalihga, in the
ninth year of his reign, but Biihler concludes that it originated with
Chandragupta's coronation. Kharavela who, though a Jain by
religion, calls himself a worshipper of all sects, is stated in the
Hathigumpha inscription to have belonged to the Cheta dynasty.
He became Yuvaraja in his fifteenth year, and king of Kalihga
in his twenty -fourth. In the second year of his reign he received
tribute from the then reigning Andhra king, Satakarni, and in the
same year, with the aid of the Kusumba (?) Kshatriyas, conquered
Masika (?). In his eighth year Kharavela undertook an expe-
dition against the King of Rajagriha, who fled to Mathura. In
his twelfth year he invaded Magadha, advancing as far as the
Ganges, apparently subduing the king. His immediate predecessors
on the throne of Kalihga seem to have been his father Yudharaja
and his grandfather Khemaraj a. Kharavela married the daughter
of Hathisaha or Hathisimha, the grandson of Lalaka. — Actes du
VIe Congres International des Orientalistes, Sect. Ary., t. iii, 135 ff.
Biihler, Secte der Jaina, 31, 41. Biihler, Monatschrift fur den Orient,
September 1884, 231. EI. ii, 89.
llj.lt Menander, Graeco-Baktrian king, placed by Lassen about this
date. Menander seems to have been one of the most powerful
of the Graeco-Baktrian kings. The number of his coins, and the
wide area over which they are found, point to a long reign and
an extended sovereignty. Traditions of some of his conquests
have been preserved by Strabo ; and Plutarch mentions him as
a Baktrian king, and states that, on his death (b.c. 115), several
b.c. 144—70. 17
B.C.
m
uo
100
80
70
towns contended for his ashes. The passages in Patanjali's
Mahubhdshya recording the besieging of Saketa (Ayodhya), and
the conquest of the Madhyamikas by the Yavanas, are supposed
to refer to Menander's conquests. He is also identical with the
Milinda of the famous Buddhist work the Milinda Panha. —
Goldstiicker, Punini, his place in Sanskrit Literature, 234. LTA.
ii, 313, 341 ff. I A. i, 299 ff. Yon Sallet, Nachfolger Alexanders,
33, 34. BMC, G.S.K., xxxiii. WL. 306. SBE. xxxv, Int.
xviii ff.
Patanjali, the grammarian, author of the Mahubhdshya, flourished
about b.c 140-120. Goldstiicker and Bhandarkar have fixed
Patanjali's date from passages in the Mahubhdshya which show
him to have been contemporary with Menander and Pushyamitra.
Patanjali was a native of Gonarda in Eastern India, and lived
for a time in Kashmir. His mother's name was Gonika. — Gold-
stiicker, Pdnini, 234; Lit. Rem. i, 131 ft\ LIA. ii, 485. BD. 8.
IA. i, 299 ff. JBRAS. xvi, 181, 199.
The Saka king Maues, Moas, or Moga placed by Yon Sallet
about this date. His coins are found only in the Panjab, and
chiefly in the north-west of it. To the same, or possibly to a later
period, belong the contemporary rulers — Patika, son of Liaka
Kusuluka, the Mahakshatrapa Raj uvula or Ranjubula, and
his son &udasa, all of whose names occur in the Mathura Lion
Pillar inscriptions. The Taxila copper-plate of Patika, dated in
the year 78 under the great king Moga, and Sudasa's Mathura
inscription in the year 72, refer to some era the epoch of
which is at present unknown. — Yon Sallet, Nachfolger Alexanders,
46, 65, 134, 136. BMC, G.S.K., xxxix, xl. CASK, iii, 30,
pi. xiii, and 39 fl\ ; xi, 25, 38 ; xii, 43 ; xiv, 57 ; xx, 48, pi. v,
No. 4. NC, 3rd ser., x, 104, 128, 129. JA., 8e serie, xv, 127.
JRAS., o.s., xx, 221 fi\; ib. 1894, 525-554. EI. ii, 199; iv, 54.
The Buddhist canonical texts in Ceylon reduced to writing in
the reign of Abhaya Yattagamini.
Azes, Aspavarma, Azilises, Yonones, Spalirises, Spalahores,
Spalyris, and Spalagadames flourish about this period. Azes
was the successor, and perhaps the son, of Maues ; Aspavarma,
a general or satrap of Azes. Gardner suggests that Azilises,
2
18 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
B.C.
70
66
57
50
SO
Yonones, Spalirises, Spalahores, and Spalyris were sons of
Azes, and Spalagadames his grandson. From the absence of
their coins in the Panjab, Cunningham infers that they could
not have ruled there, and suggests Yonones' having been the
great chief of the 6aka horde after the death of Maues, and that
he remained in Sakastene while his relatives and generals
possessed Qandahar, Sindh, and the Panjab. Azes and Azilises
seem from their coins to have ruled over the Western Panjab.
Cunningham fixes their capital at Taxila, and gives them the
dates B.C. 100-20. — LIA. ii, 385 ff. Nachfolger Alexanders, 48 ff.
BMC, G.S.K., xli, xlix. Cunningham, NC, 3rd ser., viii, 215 ff. ;
x, 104 ff., 126.
Extinction of the &unga dynasty. According to Pauranic
tradition, the &unga dynasty, after lasting 112 years, was over-
thrown by Yasudeva who murdered his master Devabhuti and
usurped the throne as first of the Kahva dynasty. — WYP. iv, 192.
Thursday, September 18th. Commencement of the Sam vat era
attributed to Yikramaditya, prevalent in Western India, and
probably originating in Malava. In Northern India it follows the
purnimunta reckoning, and the year begins with the full moon of
Chaitra (instead of Karttika), making the epoch Sunday, February
23rd, b.c. 57, or Kaliyuga 3044 expired.
Miaiis (Heraus), a &aka king, according to Gardner, and the
contemporary of Kozulo Kadphises. Cunningham considers him
a Kushana, and identifies him with Yin-mo-fu who, according
to Chinese accounts, conquered Kipin in b.c 49. — BMC, G.S.K.,
xlvii. Cunningham, NC, 3rd ser., x, 1 1 3. Remusat, Now. Melanges
Asiatiques, i, 207.
Kozulo Kadphises, ruler of the Kushana tribe of the Yueh-ti,
subjugates the four other tribes and takes the title "King of
the Kushanas." Having invaded the country of the Arsakides
and seized Kipin (Arakhosia, Drangiana, and Sakastene), he
conquers Hermaios, the last ruler of the Greek kingdom in
India, about B.C. 25, reigning at first with him and finally in
his place. Kozulo Kadphises died at the age' of 80, a.d. 10. — BMC,
G.S.K., xxxi, xlviii. Specht, JA., 8e serie, ii, 325. Drouin, RN.,
3e serie, t. vi, 23, 215. Cunningham, NC, 3rd ser., xii, 41.
B.C. 21— a.d. 25. 19
An Indian embassy received by Augustus at Samos. Strabo
relates that Nicolaus Damascenus met at Antioch Epidaphne
the survivors of an Indian embassy to Augustus bearing a letter
in Greek from a king named Pandi5n or Poros. With them
was Zarmanochegas (Sramanacharya) of Barygaza or Bharoch, who
afterwards burned himself at Athens. Allusions to this embassy are
made by Horace in his odes. Moras and Suetonius refer to it,
and Dio Cassius speaks of its reception at Samos b.c 22-20, and
mentions Zarmaros (Zarmanochegas) as accompanying it. It is
mentioned by Hieronymus in his translation of the Canon Chronicon
of Eusebius, but placed by him in the third year of the 188th
Olympiad = b.c 26, while Orosius of Tarragona speaks of an
Indian and a Skythian embassy reaching Caesar in Spain b.c 27.
These various notices apparently refer to one and the same
embassy, probably sent by some petty Indian king at the instiga-
tion, and in the interests of, Greek traders. — Eeinaud, Relations
politiques et commerciales de V Empire Romain avec VAsie Orientale,
or JA. 1863, 6e serie, i, 179 fT. Priaulx, Indian Travels of Apollonius
of Tyana and Indian Embassies to Rome, 65 if. Strabo, xv, i, 73.
Hooenio Kadphises, Kushana, successor of Kozulo Kadphises
according to Chinese sources. He has been identified with the
Yen-kao-chen to whom Chinese records attribute the conquest of
India. He greatly extended the Kushaua power there, establishing
it, apparently, all over North- Western India. Gardner and others,
on the strength of numismatic evidence, call the successor of
Kozulo Kadphises Kozulo Kadaphes, while Cunningham, reading
this as a mere variant of the former name, inserts after Kozulo
Kadphises a Kozulo Kara Kadphises, of whom coins exist of a type
distinct from that of the other kings. Chinese records, on the other
hand, make Hooemo Kadphises the immediate successor of Kozulo
Kadphises and say nothing about any other king. — BMC, G.S.K.,
xxxiii, xlix, 1. Drouin, KN\, 3e serie, t. vi, 46, 47. NC, 3rd ser.,
xii, 46, 47.
Gondophares or Yndopherres, Abdagases, Orthagnes, Arsakes,
Zeionises, and Pakoros — Parthian rulers in Afghanistan and
Northern India about a.d. 25-50.
Gondophares has been identified with the Guduphara or
Gadaphara whose inscription from Takt-i-Bahi is dated in his
twenty-sixth year, and in Sam. 103 (possibly of the Yikrama era).
20 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
25
41
47
Gondophares is probably to be further identified with the Gundof eras
of old Church legends said to have been ruling in India at the time
of the Apostle Thomas's mission there. A coin of Orodes I, and one
of Artabanos III (a.d. IO-J4.O) bear the monogram of Yndopherres.
Abdagases is called on his coins a brother's son of Gondophares,
and was possibly related to the Parthian who dethroned
Artabanos III in a.d. 36 or 44.
Coins of Gondophares are found at Beghram and in the Panjab,
those of Orthagnes in Sistan and Qandahar, those of Abdagases
in the Western Panjab.
Sanabares, whose coins resemble those of Gondophares, is
placed by Yon Sallet in a.d. 80, but assigned by Gardner to the
beginning of the Christian era.
Zeionises or Jihonisa, called on his coins a satrap, was, according
to Gardner, a contemporary of Gondophares, but Cunningham
places him about B.C. 80, connecting him, as does Yon Sallet, with
the dynasty of Azes. — JBA. xxiii, 711. JBAS., n.s., vii, 379. PI A.
ii, 214. CASR. ii, 59, 60 ; v, 59. KC, 3rd ser., x, 118-125. IA.
ii, 242 ; ix, 312 ; x, 214. JA., 8e serie, xv, 114, 127. Yon Sallet,
Nachfolger Alexanders, 51 ff. and 157. BMC, Q.S.K., xxxiii, xliii-v.
An embassy from Ceylon sent to the Emperor Claudius
between a.d. 41 and 54. Pliny relates of this embassy that
a freedman of Annius Plocamus, being driven into Hippuros,
a port of Ceylon, was detained and befriended by the king, who,
hearing from him about Rome, sent thither Rachias and three
other ambassadors, from whom Pliny obtained the information
about Ceylon embodied in his Natural History. The exact date
of the embassy cannot be determined. It left Ceylon probably
in the reign of Chandramukhasiva (a.d. 44-52), and apparently
reached Rome after the publication of Pomponius Mela's geography,
between a.d. 43 and 47. Priaulx suggests its having been sent
by the Singhalese Tamils rather than by the Singhalese proper.
— Priaulx, Travels of Apollonius of Tyana, 9 1 .
Apollonios of Tyana said to have visited India. — Priaulx,
Apollonius of Tyana. ZDMG. xlv, 439 ; xlvi, 466, 780.
Hippalus discovers the south-west monsoon in the Indian Ocean.
— IA. viii, 338 ; ix, 313, n. 9.
a.d. 67—80. 21
Kasyapa or Kasya Matanga, a Buddhist teacher, visits China at
the invitation of the Emperor Ming-ti (a.d. 58-75). He is followed
later in the same year by Fa-lan, like himself a &ramana of
Central India, apparently called Gobharana or Bharana by the
Tibetans. Fa-lan assisted Matanga in his translation of the Sutra
of Forty- two sections, and on the latter' s death shortly after-
wards, translated five Buddhist works between a.d. 68 and 70. —
BN. 379, 380. Remusat, Foue Koue Ki, 40 ff. Stan. Julien, JA.,
4e serie, x, 96. Pauthier, JA., 3e serie, viii, 267 ff.
Ten thousand Jewish refugees, with their families, said to have
emigrated from Palestine to the Malabar coast. — JBA. xx, 379.
Tuesday, March 3rd. V. Sam. 135; epoch of the
&alivahana era, K.Y. 3179 exp. It is, like most of the other
eras, lunisolar, and begins with the new moon in the solar month
Chaitra. — I A. xvii, 205.
(S. 9, 11, 18, 28 [?], inscriptions from Mathura, Bhawalpur,
Manikyala, and Yusufzai.)
Kanishka, Kushana, apparently the successor of Hooemo
Kadphises in North - Western India and the Kabul Valley ;
probably founded the &aka era, which seems to date from his
coronation in a.d. 78. Under this king and his successors the
Skythian power reached its zenith. Kanishka' s kingdom extended
from Kabulistan to Mathura, and perhaps farther. According
to Hiuen Tsang it included a considerable part of Central Asia,
while some evidence exists for its having embraced Gujarat.
In the Rajatarahginl Kanishka is mentioned with the kings
Hushka (Huvishka) and Jushka, there represented as his pre-
decessors. Al Blruni calls him Kanik, and says that he conquered
Kanyakubja. A Buddhist Council was held during Kanishka's
reign under the presidency of Vasumitra (Shih-yu). — LIA. ii, 822,
848 ff., and 1202. CASE, ii, 159 ; iii, 31 ; v, 57. ASWI. ii, 31.
NC., 3rd ser., xii, 48-9. NO., vol. i, 46. Yon Sallet, Nachfolger
Alexanders, 57 ff. Drouin, BN., 3* serie, t. vi, 31 ff. BMC, G.S.K.,
Int. 1. Beal's Si-yu-ki, i, 151, etc. Sachau, Alberuni's India, ii,
11 ff. BD. 26, note 1. IA. vi, 216; x, 213; xvii, 89. JRAS.,
n.s., xii, 259. Senart, JA., 9e serie, vii, 5 ; viii, 444 ff. ; ix, 5 ff.
Asvaghosha, the twelfth Buddhist Patriarch. According to
22 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
80
83
89
107
HI
113
Chinese accounts contemporary with Kanishka. Said to have
been a Brahman of Eastern India who, after his conversion by
Yasumitra, president of the Buddhist Council, settled in Kashmir.
The Alahkdralikasdstra and the Buddhacharitakdvya, the latter
of which was translated into Chinese about a.d. 414-421, are
ascribed to him by I-tsing. — Memoranda of the Russian Mission at
Pekin, ii, 156 ff. ' "Wassiljew, Der Buddhismus, seine Bogmen,
Geschichte, und Literatur, 47, note; 66, 71, 75, 77, 132, 202, 211.
Beal, Abstract of Four Lectures on Buddhist Literature in China, 95.
SBE. xix, Int. xxx; xlix, Int. ix. Beal's Si-yu-ki, ii, 100, 101,
302. Fuyishama, JA., 8e serie, xii, 425. Peterson, JRAS. 1891,
334 ; and JBRAS. xviii, 284 ff.
A. Yir. 609. Rise of the Digambara sect of the Jains under
^ivabhuti or Sahasramalla, according to Dharmasagara's Prava-
chanaparlkshd. — BR. 1883-4, 144.
Indian embassies from the Kushanas visit China in the reign
of Ho Ti (a.d. 89-106) of the Han dynasty.— JA., 3e serie, viii,
266.
An Indian embassy to the Emperor Trajan is present at the
shows given by him to the Roman people. — Priaulx, Apollonius
of Tyana, 125.
&. 33-51, inscriptions from Mathura and "Wardak.
Huvishka (Hooerkes) — Kushana or Turushka, successor of
Kanishka in North- Western India and the Kabul Yalley. — LIA. ii,
825. CASR. iii, 32 ff. IA. vi, 217, 219. See also under a.d. 78.
Gautamiputra &atakarni, Andhra. Two inscriptions of his occur
at Nasik dated in the years 14 and 24 respectively. He was
contemporary with Nahapana, the Kshaharata, whom he over-
threw shortly before the fourteenth year of his own reign, and
after the forty- sixth year of the Kshatrapa or Saka era, probably
therefore about a.d. 126. The inscription at Nasik dated in the
nineteenth year of his son Pulumayi, calls Gautamiputra batakarni
the king of Asika, Asaka, Mulaka, Surashtra, Kukura, Aparanta,
Anupa, Yidarbha, Akara, and AvantI, and lord of the mountains
Yindhya, Rikshavat, Paripatra, Sahya, Krishnagiri, Macha,
a.d. 113—139. 23
Siritana, Malaya, Mahendra, Setagiri, and Chakora. It also states
that he humbled the pride of the Kshatriyas, destroyed the 6akas,
Yavanas, and Pahlavas, exterminated the Kshaharata race, and
restored the glory of the Satavahanas. This is perhaps an allusion
to a previous conquest of some of the Andhra territories by Naha-
pana, and to their recovery by Gautamiputra. Some of the places
enumerated in Pulumayi' s inscription as being subject to his
father, belonged, as Rishabhadatta's inscriptions seem to show, to
Nahapana. The Vayu and Matsya Puranas assign Gautamiputra
a reign of twenty-one years. — Refs. under b.c. 180.
6. 41-6. Kshatrapa Nahapana, the Kshaharata, regarded as
the first of the Western Kshatrapa dynasty. His son-in-law
Rishabhadatta (Ushavadata), mentioned in his inscriptions, claims
to have liberated the TJttamabhadra chief, who had been attacked
by the Malayas, and to have completely subdued the latter.
Nahapana was conquered after the forty- sixth year of his era,
a.d. 126, by the &atakarni king, Gautamiputra I (q.v.). — B.ASSI.
i, 4, and refs. under b.c. 180.
Chashtana, son of Zamotika, contemporary and apparently
successor of Nahapana. Ptolemy mentions him as Tiastenes, the
contemporary of the Andhra, Pulumayi. To the Western Ksha-
trapa dominions, which included, generally speaking, Kachh and
Gujarat, Chashtana seems to have added the greater part of
Western Ilajputana and Malava, making Ujjain his capital.
His son Jayadaman succeeded him. — JRAS. 1890, 643 ff. I A.
xxi, 205. B.ASSI. i, 4.
Pulumayi Vasishtiputra, Andhra, son and successor of Gautami-
putra Satakarni I. His inscriptions range from his second to
his twenty-fourth years, while the Matsya Purdna assigns him
a twenty-eight years' reign. Ptolemy, writing a.d. 150, mentions
him as Siro Polemios, the contemporary of Tiastenes (Chashtana).
— Refs. under b.c. 180.
Indian embassy to Antoninus Pius. — Priaulx, Apollonius, 125.
A. Yir. 683. The Jains first have written scriptures. This
date presupposes b.c. 545 as the epooh of the Vira era. See
b.c 527.— BR. 1883-4, 125.
24 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
146
150
152
159
160
161
m
Arrian, author of the Indika, supposed to have nourished.
5. 72, Junagadh inscription. Rudradaman I, Western Ksha-
trapa, son and successor of Jayadaman. Described as destroying
the Yaudheyas, twice conquering Satakarni, lord of the Dukkan,
and earning for himself the title of Mahakshatrapa. His son
Damazada or Damajada succeeded him. — ASWI. ii, 128. IA. vii,
257 ; and refs. under a.d. 126.
6. 74-98, inscriptions at Mathura. Yasudeva, Kushana or
Turushka, perhaps the successor of Huvishka. — JRAS., n.s., v, 183.
CASR. iii, 32 fF. ; and refs. under Kanishka, a.d. 78.
Indian embassies visit China by way of Cochin China in the
reign of Huan Ti. — Pauthier, JA., 3e serie, viii, 262, 282.
JNagarjuna, fourth Buddhist Patriarch in succession to Parsva.
According to Hiuen Tsang, he was patronized by a king of the
So-to-po-ho (Satavahana?) family, possibly Yajnasri Satakarni, but
great uncertainty exists as to his real date. A Tibetan life of
Nagarjuna states that he travelled widely in Southern India, con-
verted Munja, king of Odivisa (Orissa), and erected viharas there
and elsewhere ; also that he surrounded the great shrine of
Dhanyakataka with a railing. His patriarchal rule is said to have
lasted sixty or sixty-two years. — B.ASSI. i, 5 ff. Jour. Pali Text
Soc. 1886, pp. 1-4.
Chatushparna (Chaturapana) Yasishtlputra II, Satakarni ;
probably brother and successor of Yasishtlputra Pulumayi, and,
according to numismatic evidence, the father of Yajiiasri
Gautamiputra II. Contemporary, apparently, with Rudradaman,
perhaps his son-in-law, being probably the Satakarni whom the
latter claims to have twice conquered, but spared — according to
one interpretation of the passage — " on account of his near
relationship to himself." A Nanaghat inscription of Chatushparna
is dated in his thirteenth year. — Refs. under B.C. 180.
Indian embassies visit China. — See a.d. 159.
Madhariputra Sakasena or Sirisena, Andhra. Identified by
a.d. 174—224. 25
Bhagwanlal Indraji with the prince Sivasri-Medhasiras of the
Pauranic lists, the successor of Pulimat (Pulumayi). Numismatic
evidence shows him to have reigned between Pulumayi and
YajnasrI GautamTputra II, but his exact position in the list, as
well as his relationship to these princes, is as yet undetermined.
A Kanheri inscription is dated in his eighth year. — Refs. under
b.c. 180.
6. 100. Jivadaman, Western Kshatrapa and Mahakshatrapa, son
and successor of Damazada: first of his dynasty to issue dated coins.
The Kshatrapa dates, with one or two exceptions, are derived ex-
clusively from coins. — Refs. under a.d. 126.
&. 102, Giinda inscription. S. 103-118 on coins. Rudrasimha,
Western Kshatrapa, son of Rudradaman and uncle of Jivadaman
whom he apparently succeeded. Styled Kshatrapa in the Gunda
inscription, and Mahakshatrapa on his coins. — IA. x, 157. ASWI.
ii, 140. JRAS., I.e., under a.d. 126.
Yajnasri Satakarni, GautamTputra II, Andhra, son of Chatush-
parna Vasishtiputra II. His inscriptions range from his seventh
to his twenty- seventh years. His reign varies, according to the
Pauranic lists, from nine to twenty-nine years. — EI. i, 95, and
refs. under b.c. 180.
Pantaenus of Alexandria sent, according to Jerome, on a mission
to India.
&. 122, Muliasar inscription. &. 125-142 on coins. Rudrasena I,
Western Kshatrapa, son of Rudrasimha I. — Jasdan inscription of
6. 127, IA. xii, 32. ASWI. ii, 15, 43. JRAS., I.e., under a.d. 126.
&. 144. Sahghadaman, Western Kshatrapa, son of Rudrasimha;
and his nephew, Prithivisena, son of Rudrasena, reigning.
Dharmakala, a &ramana of Central India, visits China and
translates in a.d. 250, the Pdtimolckha of the Mahasahghikas.
This was the first book of the Vinayapitaka translated into Chinese,
but it was lost by a.d. 730.— BN. 386.
The Indian &ramanas, Wei-k'i-nan and Lii-yen, visit the kingdom
of Wu, bringing with them the Sanskrit text of a Dhammapada-
sutta, which they translate. — BN. 389.
26 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D
226
232
236
241
249
250
252
254
258
266
5. 148-157. Damasena, Western Kshatrapa, son of Rudrasimha I.
— JRAS., I.e., under a.d. 126.
6. 154. Damajadasri I, Western Kshatrapa, son of Rudrasena I.
— Refs. as above.
&. 158-176 (?). Yiradaman, "Western Kshatrapa, son of Dama-
sena. Contemporary with Yiradaman were his brothers Yasodaman
(&. 160, 161) and Yijayasena (£. 160-171).— Refs. as above.
The &ramana Sang-hwui of the K'ang country visits the king-
dom of Wu, has a monastery built for him in 247 by order of
Sun-Ch'iian, first sovereign of the Wu dynasty ; began his work
of translation in 251, and died in 280. — BN. 390.
current, Sunday, August 26th; Asvina sudi 1, K.Y. 3350, expired;
epoch of the Chedi era. — IA. xvii, 215 ff. EI. ii, 299.
Isvaradatta, a Mahakshatrapa, whose coins dated ' first ' and
' second ' year, are found with those of the Kshatrapas, seems to
have partially overthrown the Kshatrapa power about this date.
According to Bhagwanlal Indraji, Isvaradatta was the founder of
the Traikiitaka, known later as the Kalachuri or Chedi era, origi-
nating probably in the establishment of his power in the Kohkan,
with Traikiita as his capital. Under Rudrasena, son of Yiradaman,
the Kshatrapas would appear to have re-established their sovereignty
by driving out the Traikiitakas, who thus dispossessed, retired to
Central India, assuming the name Haihaya or Kalachuri. On the
final destruction of the Kshatrapa rule, the Traikiitakas apparently
regained Traikiita, about which time Dahrasena (a.d. 456) succeeded
to the throne. — Proceedings of the Aryan Section of the Seventh
Oriental Congress, p. 216 ff., or EKD., Bom. Gaz., 294 fi\
Sanghavarman, an Indian &ramana of Tibetan descent, trans-
lated various works into Chinese, at Loyang. — BN. 386.
&. 176. Damajadasri II, Western Kshatrapa, son of Damasena.
&. 180-190. Rudrasena II, Western Kshatrapa, son of Yiradaman.
Chu Ea-hu, i.e. Dharmaraksha, a 6ramana of T'un-huang, settles
a.d. 266—336. 27
in Loyang where he works at translations till a.d. 313 or 317.
He was the first to translate several sutras of the Vaipulya class.
He died in his seventy- eighth year. — BN. 391.
&. 1 98-203. Yisvasimha, Western Kshatrapa, son of Rudrasena II.
&. 200-214. Bhartridaman, Western Kshatrapa, son of Rudra-
sena II.
Rise of the Gupta dynasty founded by the feudatory Maharajas
Gupta and Ghatotkacha. It became supreme under Chandra-
gupta I (a.d. 319) whose empire extended under his successors
over the greater part of Northern India, from Nepal to the
Narmada and from Kachh to Western Bengal. The Guptas main-
tained their sway until the early part of the sixth century a.d.,
when their power, broken at first by invasions of the Him as
under Toramana and Mihirakula, appears to have been finally
overthrown by a feudatory king, Yasodharman, during the reign of
Narasimhagupta Baladitya. — CI. iii, Int. 17 and text. Y. A. Smith,
JRAS. 1889, 1 ff. ; ib. 1893, 77 ff. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, 84 ; lxiii, pt. 1,
164 ff. NC, 3rd ser., xi, 48. YOJ. v, 215.
§.216-223. Yisvasena, Western Kshatrapa, son of Bhartridaman.
The Dipavamsa chronicle of Ceylon written.
Ghatotkacha, Gupta, son and successor of &rigupta. Refs.
under a.d. 290.
&. 231-240. Rudrasimha II, Western Kshatrapa, son of Svami
Jivadaman.
&. 240. Yasodaman II, Western Kshatrapa, son of Rudrasimha II.
Sunday, March 8th, V. Sam. 375, Chaitra sudi 1 ; epoch of the
Gupta or Yalabhi era which dates probably from the coronation of
Chandragupta I, Yikramaditya, son and successor of Ghatotkacha.
Chandragupta married a Lichchhavi princess of Pataliputra. — Refs.
under a.d. 290.
An Indian embassy to Constantine reaches Constantinople. —
Priaulx, Apollonius of Tyana, 180.
28 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
348
350
357
361
372
S. 270-298. Svanri Rudrasena, "Western Kshatrapa, son of Svanii
Rudradaman (II).
Samudragupta, son of Chandragupta I. Numismatic evidence
indicates the existence of a Kacha or Kacha, possibly another
son of Chandragupta, who may have preceded Samudragupta.
In the Allahabad pillar inscription the latter is said to have
uprooted Achyuta and Nagasena, to have captured and liberated
Mahendra of Kosala, Yyaghraraja of Mahakantara, Mantaraja
of Kerala, Mahendra of Pishtapura, Svamidatta of Kottara (on
the hill), Daniana of Erandapalla, Yishnugopa of Kafichi, Nilaraja
of Avamukta, Hastivarman of Yehgl, Ugrasena of Palakka,
Kubera of Devarashtra, Dhananjaya of Kusthalapura, and all
the other kings of the region of the south ; to have exterminated
Rudradeva, Matila, Nagadatta, Chandravarman, Ganapatinaga,
Nandin, Balavarman, and many other kings of Aryavarta ; and to
have overthrown the Daivaputras, Shahis, Shahanushahis, &akas,
Murundas, and the people of Simhala, and all other dwellers
ki islands. His empire extended to, and perhaps embraced, the
countries of Samatata, Davaka, Kamarupa, Nepala, and Kartri-
pura, and the tribes of the Malavas, Arjunayanas, Yaudheyas,
Madrakas, Abhiras, Prarjunas, Sanakamkas, Kakas, Kharaparikas,
and others. His wife was Dattadevi. — CI. iii, 1-21.
An Indian embassy to China, bringing gifts of horses and elephants,
is recorded in the official memoirs of Muh Ti in the annals of
the Chin dynasty. — JA., 3e serie, viii, 272.
An Indian embassy, intended, according to Ammianus
Marcellinus, for the Emperor Julian, according to Zonaras for
Constantius, and including ambassadors from the Divi (Maldives)
and the Serendivi (Singhalese), reaches Rome. — Priaulx,
Apollonius, 125.
Buddhism said to have been introduced into Korea, in the reign
of the Chinese emperor Chien Wen. — Remusat, Foue Koue Ki, 43.
Korean Repository, April, 1892.
Y. Sam. 428. Bijayagadh inscription of the Raja Yishnuvar-
dhana of the Yarika tribe, probably a feudatory of Samudragupta. —
CI. iii, 253. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 312.
a.d. 381—399. 29
Sahghabhiiti, a Sramana of Kubha, translates three Buddhist
works into Chinese between 381 and 385. — BjS". 404.
Dharmapriya, an Indian Sramana, translates the Dasasdhasrikd
prajndpdramitd into Chinese. — BIS". 404.
Kumarajiva, the Sramana, captured and taken to China by
Lii Kuang, commander-in-chief under the Former Tsin dynasty,
on his conquest of Kuchah. Kumarajiva stayed with Lii Kuang
in Liang-chou, China, till a.d. 401, and between a.d. 402 and
412 translated numerous works, including the smaller Sukhdvati-
vyuha and Vajrachchhedikd, into Chinese. The exact date of his
death is uncertain, but it occurred in the reign of An Ti of the
Eastern Chin dynasty, a.d. 399-415.— BN. 406-7.
Gautama Sahghadeva, a Sramana of Kao-fu, arrives at Chang-an
where he translates two Buddhist works into Chinese. Went
southward in a.d. 391, between which year and a.d. 398 he
translated five other works.— BN. 399, 404.
S. 310. Rudrasimha III, Western Kshatrapa, son of Satyasimha.
Satyasimha is known only from his son's coins ; his date cannot,
therefore, be fixed. As the "Western Kshatrapas were conquered
by Chandragupta Yikramaditya about G. Sam. 90 = a.d. 409,
Rudrasimha may have been the last of the dynasty. — Kefs, as
above, see a.d. 226.
S. 311. The Namburis and Nairs said to have rebelled against
the king of Chera and seized his territories on the Malabar coast. —
NO. iii, 61. Trans. Madras Lit. Soc, pt. 1, 1827, p. 19.
Fa-hien, a Chinese Sramana of Wu-yang, in the P'ing-yang
district, leaves Chang-an for India, with four companions, in
a.d. 399 or 400, to search for copies of the Vinayapitaka. After
visiting Northern India he proceeded by Mathura to Kanauj
which he reached about a.d. 405. He then continued by way
of SravastT, Kapilavastu, Kusinagara, Vaisali, and Pataliputra to
Benares, subsequently spending three years in Pataliputra, two
in Tamralipti, and two in Ceylon, where he arrived about
a.d. 411. He returned by way of Java to China in a.d. 414
when, both alone and in conjunction with Buddhabhadra, he
translated several works and compiled his Travels, Fo-kwo-chi ;
SO THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
399
401
403
404
406
410
414
415
dying at the age of 86. — Remusat, Foue Koue Ki. BN. 331, 401.
Beal's Si-yu-ki, Int. xxiii. Legge, Travels of Fa-Men. Watters,
China Rev. viii, 107 ff.
G. Sam. 82, 88, 93. TTdayagiri, Gadhwa, and Sanchi inscriptions.
Chandragupta II, Yikramaditya II, son and snccessor of
Samudragupta : md. Dhruvadevi. The extension of the Gupta
Empire to Kathiavad and Gujarat seems to have taken place
during this reign. — CI. iii, 21-36, and refs. under a.d. 290.
Buddhayasas, a &ramana of Kipin, translates four Buddhist works
into Chinese between 403 and 413. — BN. 408.
Punyatara, a &ramana of Kipin, translates into Chinese, with
Kumarajiva, the Sarvdstivadavinaya. — BIN". 408.
Shih Ch'-Mang, the Chinese Buddhist, leaves China for India
with fourteen friends, four of whom go with him as far as
Pataliputra. He returned in a.d. 424 with one surviving com-
panion; translated between a.d. 433 and 439 the Nirvana- sutr a,
and died about a.d. 453.— BN. 412.
Yimalakshas, a &ramana of Kipin, arrives in China where he
translates various Buddhist works. He had previously taught at
Kharachar, Kumarajiva being one of his disciples there. — BN. 400.
Buddhaghosha flourished from about 410 to 430. Author
of various commentaries on Buddhist works — the Visuddimagga,
Sumahgalavilasini, etc. Translated the Attahathd of the Southern
Buddhists into Pali about a.d. 420.— MY. 250 and Int. xxx. IA.
xix, 105 ff. Spence Hardy's Manual of Buddhism, p. 529. SBE. x,
Int. xiv.
Hharmaraksha, a Sraniana of Central India, visits China and
translates works at the request of Tsu-chu Mang-sun of the
Northern Liang dynasty, until 421. In 433 he accepted an
invitation to visit T'ai-wu Ti of the Northern Wei dynasty, but
was assassinated on his way thither by orders of Mang-sun. —
BN. 411.
G. Sam. 96, 98, 129 : Bilsad, Gadhwa, and Mankuwar inscriptions ;
a.d. 415—429. 31
G.S. 121-130 on coins. Kumaragupta I, Mahendraditya, son and
successor of Chandragupta II: md. Anantadevi, and reigned till
about a.d. 452.— CI. iii, 39-45. JKAS., n.s., xxi, 128 ; and refs.
under a.d. 290.
Fa-yung, a Chinese Sramana, starts with twenty-five friends for
India. He returned in a.d. 453 when he translated the Avalo-
kitehara-bodhisattva-MahdstMmaprdpta-bodhisattva-vyakarana-sutra.
— BN. 417.
Chedi Sam. 174, 177. Copper-plates from Karitalal and Khoh.
Jayanatha, Maharaja of Uchchakalpa, son and successor of
Vyaghra whose immediate ancestors were : his father, Jayasvamin,
married to Bamadevi ; his grandfather, Kumaradeva, married to
Jayasvamim ; and great-grandfather, Oghadeva, married to Kumara-
devl. Jayanatha married Murundadevi or Murundasvaminl.
Baghelkhand seems to have been the locality of the Uchchakalpa
sovereignty, as evidenced by the Bhumara pillar, and the mention
in the inscriptions of the Tamasa, i.e. Tamas or Tons river, and
of Manapura, possibly Manpur, Rewa. Fleet originally referred
the Uchchakalpa dates to the Gupta era, but has decided since
that they belong to the Kalachuri or Chedi era. — CI. iii, 117, 121.
IA. xix," 227.
V. Sam. 480. Gahgdhar inscription. Yisvavarman of Western
Malava, successor of Naravarman who was either his father or
elder brother.— CI. iii, 72. JBA. lviii, 100.
Buddhajiva, a Kabul Sramana, arrives in China and translates
three Buddhist works. — BN. 414.
Dharmamitra, a Sramana of Kipin, and Kalayasas arrive in China
where they worked at translations, dying in a.d. 442. — BN. 414.
An Indian embassy to China, recorded in the official memoirs
of "Wen Ti, in the annals of the Sung dynasty. — JA., 3e serie,
viii, 273.
Death of the Indian Sramana Buddhabhadra. Between a.d.
398 and 421 he had translated thirteen or fifteen works into
Chinese in the Lii Mountains and at Eaang-ling. — BN. 399.
32 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
430
430
431
433
435
Kidara or Ki-to-lo, Shahi of the Great Kushanas, establishes
the kingdom of the Little Kushanas in Gandhara, and appointing
his son governor of Peshawar, returns westward to repel the
White Huns. — NC, 3rd ser., xiii, 184. Gutschmidt, Geschichte,
Irdm, Tubingen, 1888, p. 168 ff. Specht, Etudes sur VAsie
Central, Paris, 1890, 12 ff.
Dadda I. Gurjara of Bharoch.
The Gurjaras apparently entered Western India from the
north, about the first century a.d. They founded two kingdoms —
a northern in the region of Southern Marvad, the Kiu-chi-lo of
Hiuen Tsang, with its capital Pi-lo-mi-h, i.e. Bhillamala (Bhmmal
or Primal), and a southern at Bharoch which included "the whole
of Central Gujarat and the northern part of Southern Gujarat, i.e.
the present Bharoch District, the Talukas of Olpad, Chorasi and
Bardoll of the Surat District, as well as the adjoining parts of the
Baroda State, of the Revakantha, and of Sachln"; its boundaries
being, in all probability, the Mahi river on the north, and the
Ambika on the south. The Gurjaras of Bharoch seem to have
been feudatories of some larger power, and may have started as
vassals of the northern kingdom of which they were probably
an offshoot. During the seventh century Bharoch was attacked
by the kings of Yalabhi on the one hand, and by the Chalukyas
of Badami on the other, to the latter of whom a portion of its
southern dominions was lost. After being invaded by the Tajikas
or Arabs in the eighth century, the Bharoch kingdom was finally
conquered about a.d. 800 by the Rashtrakuta Govinda III, who
made over Central Gujarat or Lata to his brother Indra, first
of the Gujarat branch of the Rathor dynasty which held that
part of the country for more than 100 years. — IA. xvii, 191 ff.
PKD., Bomb. Gaz., 312, n. 7.
Gunavarman, a &ramana of Kipin, visits Nanking and translates
several works, dying the same year at the age of 65. — BN. 415.
Sahghavarman, an Indian Sramana, visits Nanking; in the
following year he translates five works, returning westward in
a.d. 442.— BN. 416.
The Ephthalites or White Huns cross the Oxus and overrun the
province of Merv or Margiana, but are repulsed by the Sassanian
a.d. 435—455. 33
.A.I).
435
437
king Varahran V. — NC, 3rd ser., xiii, 173. Rawlinson's Seventh
Oriental Monarchy, 294 ff.
Gunabhadra, a Sramana of Central India, arrives in China,
translated books until a.d. 443 and died in 468 in his seventy-
fifth year.— BN. 416.
V. Sam. 493. Mandasor inscription. Bandhuvarman, son of
Yisvavarman, and feudatory of Kumaragupta I. The above
inscription records the building of a temple at Dasapura in Sam.
493, in the reign of the above-named kings, also its repair in
Sam. 529 " under other kings." — CI. iii, 79. IA. xviii, 227.
Chedi Sam. 193, 197, 214. Khoh copper-plates. Sarvanatha,
Maharaja of Uchchakalpa, son and successor of Jayanatha; con-
temporary with the Parivrajaka Hastin (Bhumara pillar). — CI. iii,
125-135, and refs. under a.d. 422.
Yazdijard (Isdigird) II of Persia crosses the Oxus and defeats
the White Huns. — NC, 3rd ser., xiii, 173. Rawlinson's Seventh
Oriental Monarchy, p. 304.
A. Vlr. 980. Traditional date for the final revision of the Jaina
Canon or Siddhlnta by Devarddhiganin Kshamasramana at the
Council of Yalabhi. Some MSS. of the Kalpasutra give the date
a.v. 993, and the commentators apply indiscriminately to either
date both the Council of Valabhi and that of Mathura at which
Skandila seems to have revised the Siddhdnta. — Kalpasutra of
Bhadrabahu, ed. Jacobi, Abhandlungen filr die Kunde des Morgen-
landes, Bd. vii, Int. 15, or SBE. xxii, Int. xxxvii ; text, 270.
G. Sam. 136-16-.
Skandagupta, Kramaditya, Vikramaditya, son and successor of
Kumaragupta I. Said to have restored the fallen fortunes of his
family, to have conquered the Pushyamitras, and fought with
the Hunas. The Junagadh inscription records his appointment
of Parnadatta as governor of Surashtra, and Parnadatta's appoint-
ment of his own son Chakrapalita as governor of Junagadh ;
the bursting of the embankment of the Sudarsana lake in the
Gupta year 136, its repair by Chakrapalita in the following year,
and the erection by him of a temple to Yishnu in the year 138.
—CI. iii, 47-68. JRAS., n.s., xxi, 134; ib. 1*893, 83.
3
34 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
455
456
458
459
460
464
465
470
475
476
The "White Huns, under Chu-Khan (Konkha), again invade
"Khurasan, hut are again driven hack hy Yazdijard (Isdigird), who
is, however, forced to retreat to his own territory. — NC, 3rd ser.,
xiii, 173.
Traikutaka or Chedi Sam. 207, copper-plate from Pardi, fifty
miles south of Surat. Dahrasena, Traikutaka, reigning. — JBRAS.
xvi, 346. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 294-5.
G. Sam. 139. Kosam inscription. Bkimavarman, prohahly a
feudatory of Skandagupta. — CI. iii, 266.
The Mahavwhsa composed between 459 and 477 ; its authorship
attributed to Mahanama. — MY., Int. ii.
G. Sam. 141. Kahaum inscription of Skandagupta. — CI. iii, 65.
The Persian provinces south of the Oxus lost to the White
Huns between 464 and 485, in the reign of the Khakan Shulo-
Puchin. — NC, 3rd ser., xiii, 174.
G. Sam. 146. Indor copper-plate. Sarvanaga, feudatory governor
of Antarvedi under Skandagupta. — CI. iii, 68.
Pa-chien, an Indian Sramana, translates six Buddhist works
between 465 and 471.— BN. 418.
The Ephthalites or White Huns, under Laelih, expel the Little
Kushanas from Gandhara. — NC, 3rd ser., xiii, 186.
G. Sam. 156, 163, 191. Copper-plates from Khoh and Majhga-
wam. Hastin, Parivrajaka Maharaja, son and successor of Damodara,
and contemporary with Sarvanatha of TJchchakalpa. Said to have
governed Dabhala (possibly Dahala) and the country including
the eighteen forest kingdoms (Khoh inscription of SankshobhaJ.
—CI. iii, 93-110. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, 100.
The astronomer Aryabhata born at Kusumapura (Pataliputra) ;
author of the Aryushtaka and Dasagitika. — WL. 257. Indische
Streifen, iii, 300-2. Ganakataranginl, ed. Sudhakara, The Pandit,
N.s., xiv (1892), p. 2.
a.d. 477—490. 35
Sam. 158. Kosam inscription of the Maharaja Lakshmana; to
be referred probably to the Gupta era. — EI. ii, 363.
An embassy from Western India visits China in the reign of
Hiao-wen Ti of the Northern Wei dynasty.— JA., 3e serie, viii, 291.
&. 400, 415, 417, copper-plates from Umeta, Bagumra, and Ilao.
Dadda II, Prasantaraga, Gurjara of Bharoch, son and successor
of Jayabhata I. This date is given on the authority of Biihler.
Fleet and Kielhorn, however, consider the above-named copper-
plates as spurious, an opinion shared by the late Bhagwanlal
Indraji. — I A. vii, 61 (Umeta copper-plate); xiii, 115 (Ilao copper-
plate); xvii, 183 (Bagumra copper-plate). EI. iii, 173, note.
EKD., Bom. Gaz., 312, note 7.
Sthira- (?) or Pura- (?)gupta, Sri Prakasaditya, either identical
with Skandagupta or his brother and successor. His name occurs
on the seal of Kumaragupta II as the son and successor of
Kumaragupta I, Skandagupta, who is mentioned in other lists,
being here omitted. Sthiragupta married Vatsadevl. — JBA. lviii,
pt. 1, 92 ff. JRAS. 1893, 83. IA. xix, 226.
Dharmajatayasas, a Sramana of Central India, translated the
Amritartha-sutra. — BN. 420.
G. Sam. 165 on Eran pillar, 174, 18- on coins. Budhagupta
reigning in Central India. The connection of Budhagupta with
the Gupta dynasty is unknown. He seems to have been succeeded,
between the years 494 and 510 a.d., by the Huna, Toramana (q.v.,
A.D. 495).
Surasmichandra, feudatory governor under Budhagupta of the
territory between the Kalindl (Jamna) and the Narmada.
Matrivishnu governing at or near Eran. — CI. iii, 88-9 ; Int. 17.
JBAS., n.s., xxi, 134; ib. 1893, 86.
Asanga, master of the Yogachara system of the Mahay anist
Buddhists, nourished between a.d. 485 and 560. He lived long
in Oudh and Magadha, and died at Bajagriha at the age of seventy-
five. Yasubandhu, Asanga's younger brother, author of the Abhi-
dharmahosa, etc., must be placed somewhat later. — Memoires de
Hiouen Thsang, iv, 223. Yassilief, Le Bouddisme, 219, 222.
Narasimhagupta, Baladitya, son and successor probably of
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
490
492
495
Sthiragupta ; married Mahadevi or &rimatidevi ; mentioned by
Hiuen Tsang as the conqueror of Mihirakula, named in the
Deo-Baranark inscription of Jivitagupta some 200 years later ;
is possibly, too, the ancestor referred to by Prakataditya of
Benares in his Sarnath inscription of the seventh century a.d. —
JBA. lviii, pt. 1, 93 ft, JRAS. 1893, 83. CI. iii, 213, 284.
Rise of the Chalukya dynasty of Badami.
According to tradition, the Chalukyas were of northern origin.
The establishment of their power in the south is ascribed, in the
Miraj and Kauthem plates, to Jayasimha I, the earliest named
prince of the line. In the sixth century a.d. the Chalukyas estab-
lished themselves in the Dekkan at the expense of the Pallavas,
founding there a kingdom which in its palmiest days embraced
the greater part of Southern India. See under a.d. 630 and
973.— JRAS., o.s., ii, 380 ; iii, 258 ff. BD., sec. x. EKD., Bom.
Gaz., 335-381. IA. xvi, 17; xvii, 199. EI. iii, 2.
Gunavriddhi, a &ramana of Central India, translated in a.d. 492
and 495 three works into Chinese,— BN. 421.
Senapati Bhatarka, founder of the Valabhi dynasty, begins to
reign : till about a.d. 515 ; stated to have fought with the
Maitrakas, i.e. the Hiina tribe, to which belonged Toramana and
Mihirakula (Maliya copper-plate). See Toramana, a.d. Ij.95.
The princes of Yalabhi started as feudatories of the Gupta
empire, Dharasena IY being the first of their line to become a
supreme sovereign. Erom the time of Dharasena II the Yalabhi
rule embraced continental Gujarat as far as the Mahl, and later
it extended at least to the Narmada, Bharoch being temporarily
wrested from the Gurjaras by Dharasena IY. Some of the
Yalabhi princes, though Brahmanists, patronized Buddhism.
Dhruvasena I granted a village to a monastery founded by his
sister's daughter Dudda, and his nephew Guhasena four villages
to the same monastery. Guhasena' s mention of the eighteen
schools represented in the monastery refers to the Hlnayana sect
of Buddhism, and thus confirms Hiuen Tsang' s statement as to
the Hlnayana doctrines being chiefly studied in the convents
at Yalabhi. The latest known prince of the Yalabhi line is
&iladitya VI, G. Sam. 447. The final date of the dynasty is at
present unknown. — CI. iii, 167; Int. 41. Hoernle, JBA. lviii, 97 ff.
a.d. 495—502. 37
A.D.
495
Fleet, IA. xviii, 228. General refs. for the dynasty :— ASWI. ii,
80 ff. ; iii, 93 ff. CI. iii, 42. Biihler, I A. xvii, 195 ff.
Toramana, Indo-Skythian of &akala in the Panjab, establishes
himself in Eastern Malava, probably succeeding Budhagupta.
His reign at Sakala may have begun about a.d. 460, and the
death of Skandagupta very likely enabled him to invade and
hold Central India. He seems, however, to have been defeated,
and the Gupta power temporarily restored by Narasimhagupta, with
the aid of the Valabhl ruler Bhatarka, a.d. 510. An inscription
of Toramana at Eran is dated in the first year of his reign in
Malava, and a coin bears the date 52 of an unknown era. The
Kura inscription of Toramana Shaha has also been attributed to
him.— CI. iii, Int. 1 1 ; text, 158. IA. xviii, 225 ff. NC, 3rd ser.,
ix, 291. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, 98. EI. i, 238.
Dhanyavishnu, brother and successor of Matrivishnu, reigning
at or near Eran as feudatory of Toramana.
Raya Diwalj of Sindh begins to reign. His successors were
his son Raya Siharas; his son Raya Sahasi; his son Raya Siharas II,
who was defeated and slain by a king of Persia, possibly Khusru
Nushlrvan (a.d. 531-579); his son Raya Sahasi II. The dynasty
lasted 137 years, and was supplanted by Chach, son of Sllaij,
a Brahman.— EHI. i, 405 ff.
Friday, March 1 9th. Vernal equinox, £.421, about two and a half
hours after sunrise at TJjjain j epoch of Aryabhata and other Hindu
astronomers from which the Kaliyuga is dated back 3600 sidereal
years. The ecliptic was fixed by its position with reference to the
sidereal signs at this equinox ; and as Hindu astronomers allow
a uniform precession of 54" of arc annually, the sidereal year
begins later by 1 day every 66*7 years, or 21 days in 1400 years,
and commences now about 12th April.
S. 421. Lalla, an astronomer, pupil of Aryabhata, said to
have flourished at this date. — Ganakatarahgini, ed. Sudhakara,
The Pandit, n.s., xiv (1892), p. 8.
Dharmaruchi, Sramana of Southern India, translates three
Buddhist works in a.d. 501, 504, and 507. — BN. 426.
Chu-lo-ta sent as ambassador to China by Kiu-to (possibly
a Gupta king of Magadha). — J A., 3e serie, viii, 286 ff.
38 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
503
504
505
507
508
510
515
An embassy from Southern India visits China in the reign of
Hsiian-wu Ti of the Northern Wei dynasty. In the same year an
embassy from Central India brings products of the country to China.
— JA., 3e serie, viii, 274, 292.
Embassies from Northern and Southern India visit China. That
from Southern India is said to have brought with it a branch of
the Bodhi tree and a tooth of Buddha. — JA., 3e serie, viii, 293.
&. 427, vernal equinox : commencement of the solar or sidereal
year, Thursday, March 19th, epoch of Yarahamihira's Pancha-
siddhantika.
Embassy from Southern India to China. — JA., 3e serie, viii, 294.
Bodhiruchi, &ramana of Northern India, arrives at Loyang
where he translates several works until a.d. 535. Eatnamati,
a &ramana of Central India, translates three or more Buddhist
works into Chinese. — BN. 426, 427.
Embassy from Southern India to China. — Refs. under a.d. 507.
G. Sam. 191. Date of the Eran inscription of the chieftain
Goparaja, son of Madhava and maternal grandson of the Sarabha
king; recording his having fought a battle in conjunction with
Bhanugupta, described as a powerful king of Eastern Malava. —
CI. iii, 91.
Mihirakula, Indo-Skythian of 6akala in the Panjab, succeeds
his father, Toramana. Mihirakula overthrew the Gupta power
in Western and Central India, but was finally defeated at Kahror,
about a.d. 530, by Yasodharman, feudatory of Narasimhagupta,
after which he retired to Kashmir. He is mentioned by Hiuen
Tsang as a king of &akala who was attacked, on account of his
persecution of the Buddhists, by Baladitya of Magadha, and
defeated, his life being spared by intervention of the Queen
mother, after which he retired to Kashmir and founded a kingdom.
In Hui-wu T'ai-ssu's notes on the 179th paragraph of the
Memorials of Sakya-Buddha Tathagata, Mihirakula is mentioned
as the king during whose persecution of the Buddhists Aryasimha,
the twenty-third or twenty-fourth Patriarch, was murdered. The
Rujatarahgini names him as a native king of Kashmir during the
a.d. 515—524. 39
Mlechchha inroads. It describes him as invading Simhala, perhaps
a mistake for Sindh of his invasion of which the Mujmalu-t
Tawurikh gives an account. An inscription at Gwaliar is dated in
the fifteenth year of his reign. — TA. xv, 245 ff. CI. iii, 158, 161,
and Int. 11. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, 95 ff. NC., 3rd series, ix, 289, 290 ;
xiii, 187. Seal's Si-yu-ki, i, 119, 120, notes; 167, 171.
Embassy from Southern India to China (Official Memoirs of
Hsiian-wu Ti). — See a.d. 507.
Sung Yun, a native of T'un-huang in Little Tibet, is sent by
the Empress of the Northern Wei dynasty, in company with
Hui-sang, a bhikshu of the temple of Loyang, to search for
Buddhist books in the western countries. Travelling probably
to Khotan, and across the Tsung-ling mountains, Sung -yun
visited Gandhara, then in possession of the Ye-t'a (Ephthalites),
and under a king of the Laelih dynasty; and, after reaching
Peshawar and Nagarahara, returned to China in a.d. 521, with
170 volumes of the Great Development series. — Beal's Si-yu-ki, i,
Int. xv ff.
Kumaragupta II, Kramaditya, son and successor of Narasimha-
gupta.— JBA. lviii, pt. 1, chart, p. 100. JRAS., n.s., xxv (1893), 83.
Dronasimha, Maharaja of Yalabhi, son of Bhatarka, brother and
successor of Dharasena I. The Maliya copper-plate states that
Dronasimha was " anointed in the kingship by his paramount
sovereign in person " ; this sovereign being possibly identical either
with Narasimhagupta or Yasodharman. — Maliya copper-plate,
CI. iii, 168, and refs. under Bhatarka and Toramana, a.d. If95.
Bodhidharman, twenty-eighth Buddhist Patriarch, flourished.
Left India for China about this date. — Beal's Si-yu-ki, i, 119, 120,
notes; ii, 251, note 35.
Dignaga of Kanchi, pupil of Yasubandhu, and his contemporary
Gunaprabha, the guru of King Harsha of Thanesar, may be placed
between the years 520 and 600 a.d. Dignaga wrote the Pramana-
Samuchchaya. — Yassilief, Le Bouddisme, 78, 206. ZDMG. xxii, 726.
WL. 209, n. 19.
Buddhasanta, Sramana of Central India, translates ten Buddhist
works into Chinese between 524 and 538 or 539. — BN. 427.
40 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
525
526
528
530
533
535
538
Ranaraga, Early Chalukya, son and successor of Jayasimha I. —
EI. iii, 2. BD. 49. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 342.
G. Sam. 207, 216, 217, 221. Dhruvasena I of Valabhi, brother
and successor of Dronasimha. — IA. iv, 104 ; v, 204. JRAS., n.s.,
1895, 379. YOJ. vii, 295. EI. iii, 318.
19th March, G. Sam. 209, Khoh copper-plate. Sahkshoba, Pari-
vrajaka Maharaja, son and successor of Hastin. — CI. iii, 112,
Int. 117.
An embassy, said to be Indian, bringing gifts to the Emperor
Justinian, reaches Constantinople. — Priaulx, Indian Embassies to
Rome, 126.
V. Sam. 589, inscription from Mandasor. Yasodharman reigning
in Northern India. Another Mandasor inscription describes Yaso-
dharman' s kingdom as extending over the whole of Northern
India, from the river Lauhitya or Brahmaputra to the Western
Ocean, and from the Himalayas to the Mahendra Mountain. It
represents him as possessing countries which not even the Guptas
and Hunas could subdue, and as having homage paid him even by
Mihirakula. Hiuen Tsang ascribes Mihirakula's defeat to Baladitya
of Magadha, i.e. Narasimhagupta. He and Yasodharman may, there-
fore, have combined to overthrow Mihirakula, or, more probably,
Yasodharman was a feudatory of Narasimhagupta, who used his
victory over the Hunas as a means of attaining supreme power.
Hoernle inclines to identify Yasodharman with ^lladitya of Malava,
mentioned by Hiuen Tsang as having lived sixty years before his
own time.— IA. xv, 222, 252. CI. iii, 142-158. JBA. lviii,
pt. 1, 95 ff.
Kosmas Indikopleustes said to have written his Topographia
Christiana, embodying the results of his travels in India, Arabia,
and Persia. — Encyc. Brit. JRAS., n.s., xii, 284.
Upasunya, &ramana of Udyana, Central India, translates three
Buddhist works into Chinese between a.d. 538 and 540 or 541.
Moving to Nanking in a.d. 545, he there translated another work.
Gautama Prajnaruchi, a Brahman of YaranasT (Benares), trans-
lates several Buddhist works into Chinese, between a.d. 538 and
541 or 543.— BN. 422-3, 428.
a.d. 540—557. 41
Dharapatta, Maharaja of Yalabhi, brother and successor of Dhru-
vasena. — JBA. lviii, chart, p. 100. CI. iii, Int. 41.
An Indian embassy visits China in the reign of Tai-tsung.— JA.,
3e serie, viii, 383.
Yimokshaprajna Rishi, or Yimokshasena (?), Sramana of Ud-
yana(?), translated, with Prajfiaruchi, five Euddhist works into
Chinese.— EX. 429.
Paramartha, a Sramana of Ujjain, arrives in Chien-yeh (Nanking).
Between the years 557 and 569 he translated numerous works
into Chinese, dying in the latter year at the age of 70. — BN.
423, 424.
Isanavarman, Maukhari, son and successor of Isvaravarman :
married LakshmivatI ; contemporary with Kumaragupta of Ma-
gadha who is said, in the Aphsad inscription of Adityasena, to
have defeated him. A coin of Isanavarman's is dated, according
to Cunningham, in the year 257, according to Hoernle, in the
year 245 of the Gupta era.— CASK, xv, 166; xvi, 81. CI. iii,
206. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, chart, p. 100.
Satyasraya, Ranavikrama, Sri Pulikesin or Polekesin, Yallabha,
Early Chalukya, son and successor of Ranaraga : married
Durlabhadevi of the Batpura or Bappura family. The Aihole in-
scription represents him as removing his capital from Indukanti
to Yatapipura, now Badami. He was probably the first king of
the dynasty, and regarded later as its real founder. — IA. viii, 243.
FED., Bom. Gaz., 343-4.
The Pafichatantra translated into Pahlavi by command of the
Sassanian king Nushlrvan (a.d. 531-579). — WL. 212.
Buddhism said to have been introduced into Japan from Korea,
in the thirteenth year of King Kin Mei Teno (a.d. 540-571). —
Klaproth, Annates des Mnpereurs du Japon, 34.
Narendrayasas, Sramana of Udyana in Northern India, translates,
together with Fa-chi, i.e. Dharmajnana, seven Buddhist works
into Chinese between a.d. 557 and 568, and eight works between
a.d. 582 and 585, dying in 589.— BN. 432.
42 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
559
561
564
567
571
577
578
G. Sam. 240, 246, 247, 248 on copper-plates. Guhasena of
Yalabhi, son and successor of Dharapatta. — IA. iv, 174; v, 206;
vii, 66 ; xiv, 75. BI. 30.
Jnanagupta, ISramana of Gandhara, translated numerous works
into Chinese between a.d. 561 and 592, dying in a.d. 600. — BIS".
433.
Jnanayasas, Sramana of Magadha, translated, together with his
disciples Yasogupta and Jnanagupta, six Buddhist works into
Chinese between a.d. 564 and 572. — BN. 431.
(Badami cave inscription &. 500, in twelfth year of reign)
Kirtivarman I, Ranaparakrama, Early Chalukya, succeeds his
father Pulikesin I. Married a sister of the Sendraka king &ri-
vallabha-Senananda. Claims to have subdued the Nalas, the
Mauryas of the Northern Konkan, the Kadambas of Banavasi
(Aihole inscription) ; the kings of Yahga, Anga, Kalihga, Yattura,
Magadha, Madraka, Kerala, Gahga, Mushaka, Pandya, Dramila,
Choliya, Aluka, and Yaijayanti (Mahakuta inscription). Ruled
till a.d. 597.— IA. vi, 363 ff. ; viii, 243 ; x, 57 ; xi, 68 ff. (undated
inscription at Adur) ; xix, 14. BD. 49, 50. EKD., Bom. Gaz.,
344 ff.
G. Sam. 252-272 on copper-plates. Dharasena II, of Yalabhi, son
and successor of Guhasena. — IA. i, 17, 60 ff. (or JBRAS. x, 66 if.);
vi, 9; vii, 68, 70; viii, 301. CI. iii, 164. BI. 30 ff.
An Indian embassy to China, bringing products of the country,
is mentioned in the official memoirs of Hsiian Ti, in the annals of
the Chen dynasty. — JA., 3e serie, viii, 291.
Gautama Dharmajiiana, Upasaka of Yaranasi (Benares), and
eldest son of Prajiiaruchi (a.d. 538), appointed governor of the
Yang-chuan district by the Northern Chou dynasty. In a.d. 582 he
was recalled to the capital by Wen Ti, first emperor of the Sui
dynasty, and translated one Buddhist work. — BN. 432.
Kalyanavarman, the astronomer, probably flourished about this
date. He lived after Yarahamihira, and was possibly a contem-
porary of Brahmagupta. — Ganakatarahgini, ed. Sudhakara, The
Pandit, n.s., xiv, 16.
a.d. 580—590. 43
Buddharaja of Chedi, son and successor of &ahkaragana, con-
temporary with the Early Chalukya Mangalisa who claims to
have defeated him.— CASK, ix, 112. BD. 49.
Dadda III, of Bharoch. A grant from Sahkheda of Sam. 346
(probably Chedi era) has been attributed to this king. — EI. ii, 19.
IA. xvii, 191. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 313, note 4.
Subandhu, author of the Vusavadattd, may have flourished about
this date, being mentioned by Bana (a.d. 600). — Biihler, Die indischen
Inschriften, 20. JBEAS. xviii,' 147, 159. YOJ. i, 115.
Yinitaruchi, &ramana of Udyana, Northern India, translated two
Buddhist works into Chinese. — BN. 432.
Prabhakaravardhana, of Thanesar, son and successor of Aditya-
vardhana, and probably first paramount sovereign of his dynasty ;
married Yasomatldevi. Fought, according to Bana, with the king
of Gandhara and the Hunas in the Himalayas, against the king of
Sindh in the west, with the Bhinmal and Bharoch branches of the
Gurjaras, and with the king of Malava. Sent his son Eajyavardhana,
shortly before his own death, against the Hunas. Prabhakaravar-
dhana's daughter Bajyasri married the Maukhari Grahavarman,
who, shortly after his father-in-law's death, was attacked and slain
by the king of Malava.— EI. i, 68 ff.
&. 509. Yarahamihira, the astronomer, dies, according to Ama-
raja's commentary on Brahmagupta's Khandakhadya: author of the
Panchasiddhdntika. — JliAS., n.s., i, 407. Ganakatarahgini, ed.
Sudhakara, The Pandit, N.S., xiv, 13.
G. Sam. 269. Bodh-Gaya inscription of Mahanaman. — IA. xv,
356; xx, 190.
Piirnavarman reigning in Western Magadha. Mentioned by
Hiuen Tsang as the last of the descendants of Asoka, and re-
invigorator of the Bodhi tree which 6asahka, king of Karnasuvarna,
had tried to destroy. &asahka being identical with the king of that
name who, according to Hiuen Tsang, murdered Eajyavardhana,
elder brother of Harsha of Thanesar (a.d. 606), Piirnavarman,
as his contemporary, must have flourished towards the close of the
sixth or beginning of the seventh century a.d. — IA. xiii, 95 ff.
Beal's Si-yu-ki, ii, 118.
44 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
590
597
598
600
Dharmagupta, $ramana of Southern India, translated several
Buddhist works into Chinese between a.d. 590 and 616: died
a.d. 619.— BN. 434.
Mangalisa, Mangalaraja, Ranavikranta, Early Chalukya, son
of Pulikesin I, succeeds his brother Klrtivarman ; reigned till
a.d. 608. Destroyed the Mataiigas; subdued the Katachchuris
(Kalachuris) under Buddharaja, son of &ahkaragana of Chedi; con-
quered Revatidvipa, and apparently lost his life in trying to secure
the Chalukya kingdom for his own son, to the exclusion of his
nephew Pulikesin (Aihole, Neriir, and Mahakuta inscriptions).
Bhandarkar fixes Mangalisa' s initial date in &. 513 (a.d. 591),
from the grant of Indravarman; but Fleet, arguing from the
Mahakuta inscription which, according to his reading, is dated
in Mahgalisa's fifth year, refers it to a.d. 597. — Inscriptions: IA.
vii, 161 (Nerur copper-plates); ib. x, 59 (Badami undated inscrip-
tion). IA. xix, 7 ff. (Mahakuta inscription). PSOCL, Nos. 11
and 40. BD. 50. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 346 ff.
S. 520. Brahmagupta, the astronomer, born : author of the
Brahmasphutasiddhanta (&. 550). — JRAS., F.S., i, 410. Gana-
kataranginl, The Pandit, ir.s., xiv, 18.
Grahavarman, Maukhari, governor of Kanauj, son and successor
of Avantivarman ; married Rajyasrl, daughter of Prabhakaravar-
dhana of Thanesar. — JBA. lviii, pt. 1, chart, p. 100.
Devagupta reigning in Eastern Malava : contemporary with
Grahavarman, the Maukhari, and Rajyavardhana of Thanesar. —
JBA. lviii, chart, p. 100.
Mahendravarman I, Pallava, son and successor of Simhavishnu,
may have reigned about this date, having been contemporary with
Pulikesin II, Early Chalukya (a.d. 609).— ASSI. iii, 11. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 324.
The poet Bana, author of the tiriharshacharita, Kadambarl, and
the Chandiktisataka ; Mayura, author of the &uryasataha ; Dandin,
author of the Dasakumuracharita and the Kdvyadarsa ; and Diva-
kara flourished, being contemporaries of Harshavardhana of Kanauj.
Jaina tradition makes Mayura the father-in-law of Bana. To the
same period belongs Manatuhga, author of the Bhaktumarastotra.
— Biihler, Die indischen Inschriften. Peterson's Subhushituvali,
Int. 88. VOJ. iv, 67.
a.d. 600—606. 45
The &aiva devotee, Tirana vukkaraiyar, flourished under Mahen-
dravarman I. The authorship of the Devaram, a collection of 6aiva
hymns, is ascribed to him and to the devotees Tirananasambandar
and Sundaramurti Nayanar. — EI. iii, 277 ff.
G. Sam. 286, 290. &iladitya I, Dharmaditya of Valabhl, son and
successor of Dharasena II. — IA. i, 45 ff., and JBRAS. x, 75. IA.
ix, 237 if. (copper-plate of Sam. 290) ; ib. xiv, 327 (Wala copper-
plate, Sam. 286).
Rajyavardhana of Thane sar, eldest son and successor of Prabha-
karavardhana. His reign was short, as he was slain by a king
called by Bana, Narendragupta of Gauda, by Hiuen Tsang, Sasanka
of Karnasuvarna, on his return from a successful expedition against
the king of Malava, undertaken just after his father's death, to
avenge the murder of his brother-in-law, Grahavarman, the
Maukhari.— EI. i, 70.
October 22nd, &. 528, Kart. vad. 1 : probable epoch of the
era of Harshavardhana of Thanesar. If it followed the Saka
reckoning, however, from Chaitra sudi, the epoch would be Friday,
3rd March, 607 a.d.
Harshavardhana &iladitya of Thanesar, succeeds his brother
Rajyavardhana II : reigned, according to Chinese accounts, until
about a.d. 648. Harsha was the most famous monarch of his line,
and extended his sovereignty over the whole of Northern India.
Inscriptions record his invasion of Yalabhl between a.d. 633 and
640, in the reign of Dhruvasena II who fled for refuge to
Dadda IV of Bharoch, from whence he submitted to Harsha and
married his granddaughter. Nepal was conquered by him and his
era introduced there shortly before the reign of Amsuvarman, to
which conquest allusion is made by Bana in the tiriharshacharita,
and Chalukya inscriptions record Harsha's defeat at the hands of
Pulikesin II, when striving to extend his dominion beyond the
Narmada.
He is the hero of Bana's Sriharshacharita, and was himself
a poet and the reputed author of several poems. Hiuen Tsang
visited his court, and was present at the religious convocation
held by him at Prayaga a.d. 6Ij.3. The pilgrim represents him as
an ardent Buddhist, but Harsha, in his Madhuban grant, calls
46 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
606
609
himself a &aiva. — Inscriptions : Bahkshera inscription, Sam. 22,
EI. iv, 208. Madhuban copper-plates, Sam. 25, EI. i, 67 ff. Sonpat
Seal, CI. iii, 231. IA. xii, 234; xiii, 73, 420, n. 37; xvii, 196;
xix, 40, 151; xx, 119. Beal's Si-yu-M, i, 209 ff. Stan. Mien,
Memoires sur Us Contrees Occidentales, 247-265, or IA. vii, 196.
Reinaud, Fragments Ardbes et Persans, 139. Hall's Vdsavadatta,
51. JBRAS. x, 38. Bendall, Catal. Buddhist Sanskrit MSS. xli.
JBA. lviii, chart, p. 100. Chavannes, Memoire, 19, n. 2.
(Haidarabad grant of &. 535, in third year), Aihole inscription
of &. 556.
Pulikesin II, Satyasraya, Sri Prithvivallabha, Early Chalukya,
succeeds his uncle Mangalisa : till about a.d. 642. After repulsing
Appayika and Goyinda, perhaps of the Rashtrakuta race, Pulikesin,
according to the Aihole inscription, subdued the Kadanibas, re-
ducing their capital of Banavasi, and allied himself with the
Gangas of Maisur and the Alupas. He then sent Chandadanda
against the Kanarese Mauryas, and himself attacked and reduced
the city of Purl, conquered the kings of Lata, Malava, and
Gurjara, and repelled Harshavardhana. Pulikesin then took the
title of Paramesvara. Kosala and Kaliiiga submitted to him, and
later he attacked and besieged Mahendravarman I, the Pallava
king, in his capital, Kanchipuram, and, crossing the Kaveri,
invaded the country of the Cholas, Pandyas, and Keralas.
According to the evidence of the Haidarabad grant, these victories
were gained before a.d. 612, probably about a.d. 608-9. Aditya-
varman, son of Pulikesin, is known, from an undated grant issued
in the first year of his reign, to have ruled the district near
the confluence of the Krishna and Tungabhadra. Chandraditya,
another son, whose wife Yijayabhattarika or Yijayamahadevi issued
the undated Nerur and Kochre grants (the former of which is
referred by Pleet to a.d. 659, q.v.), ruled the Savantvadi district,
while Jayasimha, a younger brother of Pulikesin, and known from
the undated Nirpan grant of his son INagavardhana, governed the
Nasik district (see under Yijayaraja, a.d. 643). Towards the
close of his reign Pulikesin suffered reverses at the hands of the
Pallavas under Narasimhavarman I (q.v.). — IA. vi, 72 ; vii, 163
(undated grant from Neriir), ib. p. 290 ; viii, 44 (Kochre grant) ;
ib. p. 237 ff., or ASWI. iii, 133 ff. (Aihole Meguti inscription,
6. 556). IA. ix, 123; xiv, 330; xvi, 109; xvii, 141; xix, 303
(Satara copper-plate) ; xx, 5, 95. EI. iii, 50 (undated grant from
a.d. 609—620. 47
Chiplun). AS. Reports, No. 9, 90 ff. Beal's Si-yu-ki, ii, 255 ff.
JBRAS. xvi, 223. BD. 50 ff. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 349 ff.
B. 532, Goa grant, in twentieth year of the reign.
Satyasraya Dhruvaraja Indravarman governing Revatldvipa.
Was probably related to the Chalukyas, being connected with
the Bappiira family to which belonged Durlabhadevi, wife of
Pulikesin I. The twentieth year mentioned in Indravarman's
grant is referred by Bhandarkar to the reign of Mahgalisa, but
by Fleet to that of Indravarman himself as governor under Puli-
kesin II.— JBRAS. x, 348 ff. ; xiv, 24 ff. BD. 49. IA. xix, 11.
EI. iii, 2. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 355.
The Jaina poet, Ravikirti, flourished, being contemporary with
Pulikesin II, Early Chalukya. He was the composer of Pulikesin' s
Aihole Meguti inscription in which he claims equality with the
poets Kalidasa and Bharavi, thus incidentally proved to have
flourished before this time. No definite date can as yet be fixed
for Kalidasa, but, according to Kielhorn, he cannot be placed later
than a.d. 472, the date of Kumaragupta's Mandasor inscription, a verse
of which so closely resembles a passage in Kalidasa' s Ritu&amhara
as to justify the inference that this work was in existence when
the inscription was incised. Similarly, the Bodh-Gaya inscription
of Mahanaman contains a passage closely resembling one in the
Raghuvamsa.—Bb. 59. VOJ. iii, 121 ff. IA. xix, 285; xx, 190.
JBRAS. xix, 35. Biihler, Die indischen Inschriften, p. 71.
£.538 cur. Yaisakha. Yishnuvardhana I, Kub j a- Yishnu vardhana,
or Yishamasiddhi appointed Yuvaraja by his brother Pulikesin II.
From this position Yishnuvardhana passed later to that of inde-
pendent sovereign of Yehgi (see a.d. 630). Reigned eighteen years
from his installation as Yuvaraja. — I A. xix, 303 (Satara grant of
the eighth year of Pulikesin). I A. xx, 15 (Chipurupalle grant
of Yishnuvardhana' s eighteenth year). See also ib., pp. 1 and
93 ff.
Kharagraha I, of Yalabhi, succeeds his brother Siladitya I.
Dharasena III, of Yalabhi, succeeds his father Kharagraha I. —
CI. iii, Int. 41.
48 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
625
627
628
629
Pulikesin II, Early Chalukya, sends an embassy to Khusru II
of Persia l in this or the following year (Arabic version of Tabari).
Prabhakaramitra, ►Sramana of Central India, arrives in China.
Translated three Buddhist works there, and died in a.d. 633. —
BN. 434-5.
&. 550 — in the reign of &ri Vyaghramukha of the Chapa dynasty,
Brahmagupta, the astronomer, writes the Brahmasphutasiddlidnta.
— JBAS., n.s., i, 410. Ganakatarahginiy The Pandit, n.s., xiv, 18.
9th Oct., Chedi Sam. 380; 385, 391, 392, copper-plates from
Kheda (Kaira), Sahkheda, and Dabhoi.
Dadda IV, Prasantaraga II, Gurjara of Bharoch, son and
successor of Jayabhata II. The Nausari grant (of Jayabhata 1Y)
states that Dadda IY protected the lord of Yalabhi (probably
Dhruvasena II) from Harshadeva, i.e. Harshavardhana, of ThaneSar.
It was perhaps during this reign that Dharasena IY, son and
successor of Dhruvasena, occupied Bharoch, one of his copper-
plates of the year 648 a.d. being dated from " the victorious camp
situated at Bharoch." About the same time, or perhaps a little
earlier, the Chalukyas seized upon, and established their rule in,
the southern half of the Gujarat dominions. — IA. xiii, 81, 88
(Kaira copper-plates). EI. ii, 20 (Sahkheda grant). PKD., Bom.
Gaz., 314. Sitzungsberichte der K. A. d. W. Wien, Bd. cxxxv, viii
(Dabhoi grant).
G. Sam. 310 on copper-plates. Dhruvasena II, Baladitya of
Yalabhi, brother and successor of Dharasena III. Hiuen Tsang
mentions him as Tu-Iu-plo-pa-chla, i.e. Dhruvabhata, and states
that he was the nephew of Siladitya of Malava, and the
grandson-in-law of Harshavardhana of Thanesar. This alliance
was probably the outcome of his submission to Harsha who
attacked and defeated him between a.d. 633 and 649, forcing
him to take refuge with Dadda IY of Bharoch (Nausari grant
of Jayabhata IY). Dhruvasena figures also in the pages of
Hiuen Tsang as 'the king of Southern India,' who attended
1 Certain portraits in No. 1 of the Ajanta caves are supposed to be those of
Khusru. and of his wife Shirln, while a large fresco in the same cave is believed
to represent Pulikesm's reception of a Persian embassy. — JRAS., n.s., xi, 155 ff.
a.d. 629—630. 49
A.D
629
Harshavardhana' s religious conference at Prayaga; and who after-
wards accompanied the pilgrim on his departure from Harsha's
camp.— IA. vi, 12; xiii, 70. JBBAS. ix, xlviii-ix. BI. 39.
Beal's Si-yu-ki, ii, 267. Stan. Julien, Hist, de la vie de Hiouen
Thsang, 254, 260, 358, 369-71, 447. Memoires sur les Contrees
Occidentals, ii, 163. See also Biihler, IA. xvii, 195 ff.
August 1st. The Chinese Buddhist, Hiuen Tsang, leaves China
for India. He returned to China in a.d. 645, and between this
year and. that of his death in a.d. 664, translated seventy-five
Buddhist works into Chinese. — BN. 435. Beal's Si-yu-ki. Stan.
Julien, Hist, de la vie de Hiouen Thsang.
Division of the Chalukya kingdom. Vishnuvardhana becomes
independent sovereign of Vehgi, founding there the Eastern branch
of the Chalukya family, which ruled that part of the country until
the eleventh century, when its kingdom was merged in that of
the Cholas. — I A. xx, 12, 94. See under a.d. 615.
Mitrasena, pupil of Gunaprabha and Vasubandhu, and guru of
Harshavardhana, taught Hiuen Tsang about this date, being ninety
years old at the time. — Stan. Julien, Hist, de la vie de Hiouen
Thsang, L, ii, 109.
Among the Buddhist scholastics at Kalanda during Hiuen
Tsang' s stay in India were Silabhadra, pupil and successor of
Dharmapala, head of the Nalanda College who, with his con-
temporary, Bhavaviveka, must have flourished about this time
or somewhat earlier; Jayasena, Chandragomin, the opponent of
Chandrakirti ; Gunamati, author of a commentary on Vasubandhu's
Abhidharmakosa ; his disciple Yasumitra (third of the name), author
of a commentary on the Abhidharmakosa- Vydkhy a ; Jnanachandra
and Ratnasimha, teacher of Hsiian chao (q.v., a.d. 650). I-tsing
(a.d. 67 1 -92) mentions Jnanachandra and Ratnasimha as his teachers.
— Memoir es de Hiouen Thsang, L, ix, 46, 47. Chavannes, Memoir e, 1 8.
Divakaramitra Maitrayanlya, a Buddhist teacher, flourished.
Was high in the esteem of Harshavardhana, whose sister Rajyasrl,
widow of the Maukhari Grahavarman, became a Buddhist nun. —
Harshacharita, 484.
Vamana and Jayaditya, joint authors of the Kasika Vritti, a
commentary on Panini's Sutras, flourished from about a.d. 630-50.
I-tsing, the Buddhist pilgrim, writing about a.d. 691, mentions
Jayaditya as having died thirty years before, therefore about
a.d. 661-2.
50 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A D.
630
631
632
633
635
636
Bhartrihari, the grammarian, author of the Vdkyapadiya,
flourished before the middle of the seventh century a.d. Died,
according to I-tsing, a.d. 651-2. — IA. ix, 307; xii, 226; xxii,
222. I-tsing's Record of the Buddhist Religion, trans. Takakusu,
Gen. Int., lv, lviii.
H. 10. The Brahman Chach usurps the throne of Sindh on the
death of Raya Sahasi II (see a.d. £95). Shortly after his accession
he slew Mahrat, Rana of Chitor (or Jaipur). In H. 14 he invaded
Kirman, and fixed the boundary between it and Hindustan. In his
fifth year, H. 15, occurred Mughirah's attack upon Dibal. Chach is
said to have reigned forty years and to have been succeeded by his
brother Chandar, who died H. 59 after a reign of eight years, and
was succeeded by Dahir. — EHI. i, 131 fi\, and 406, 414.
Tuesday, 16th June, the Persian era of Yazdijard begins on the
accession of Yazdijard III, son of Sheriyar and grandson of
Khusrii II. •
Srong-btsan-sgam-po, king of Tibet, said to have sent Tongmi
Samb'ota to India to study Sanskrit and gain access to Indian
Buddhist literature. On his return Samb'ota introduced the
Northern Indian Alphabet into Tibet. — JRAS., n.s., xvii, 474 fi\
JBA. lvii, 41. IA. xxi, 33.
Jayasimha I, Sarvasiddhi, Eastern Chalukya, eldest son, succeeds
his father Yishnuvardhana : till a.d. 663. — I A. xiii, 137 ; xx, 12, 97
(a grant from Pedda-Maddali, Kistna district, of his eighteenth year).
G. Sam. 316, inscription. &ivadeva I, a Lichchhavi of the
Suryavamsi dynasty of Eastern Nepal, and contemporary of
Amsuvarman, Thakuri ; the Lichchhavis and Thakurls apparently
governing contemporaneously, the first in Eastern, the second in
Western Nepal. — Bendall, I A. xiv, 97, or Journey in Nepal, 72,
pi. viii. IA. ix, 168 ; xiii, 411 ff. ; xiv, 342 ff. ; or CI. iii, app. iv,
178, 189. JBA. lviii, chart, p. 100.
H. 15. 'Usman ibn As! Saqafi governor of Bahrain and 'Urn an
under the Khalifah 'Umar, appoints his brother Hakim to Bahrain,
and proceeding himself to 'Uman, sends an expedition to pillage the
coasts of India. About the same time Hakim sends a force against
Bharoch, and despatches his brother Mughlrah Abu-1-Asi to Dibal,
a.d. 636—641. 51
A.D.
636
639
where he defeats the enemy ; the Chach-ndma represents him as
being slain.— EHI. i, 415, 416.
March. The modern Burmese era begins: said to have been
established by Thenga Radza ; also called the Arakan era.
Hiuen Tsang visits Maharashtra (Mo-ho-lo-cha). He describes
Pulikesin (Pu-lo-ki-she) as an able and powerful king, and records
Harshavardhana's ineffectual attempts to subdue him. — Beal's Si-
yu-ki, ii, 255 ff.
Buddhism said to have been introduced into Siam in the year
1181 of the Siamese sacred era, nnder a king called, according to
tradition, Krek, who, in honour of it, instituted the popular era
beginning a.d. 642. — Crawfurd, Jour, of an Embassy to the Courts
of Siam and Cochin China, p. 367.
Harsha Sam. 34, 39, 44. Amsuvarman, Thakuri of Western
Nepal : mentioned in the Bauddha Pdrvatiyd Vamsdvali of Nepal
as an able and powerful prince, and by Hiuen Tsang as a man of
great learning and the author of a Sabdavidydsddra. Was feudatory
of the Lichchhavi &ivadeva I (a.d. 635, q.v.) or possibly of Harsha-
vardhana, and became supreme probably on the latter' s death in
a.d. 648. — Bendall, IA. xiv, 97 ; Journey in Nepdl, 74, pi. ix. IA.
ix, 169-171. Beal's Si-yu-ki, ii, 81. Wright, Hist, of Nepal, 133 ff.
Hiuen Tsang visits Valabhi in the reign of Dhruvasena II, q. v.
a.d. 629.
The Korean &ramanas A-li-ye-po-mouo ( Aryavarman) and Hoei-ye
visit India about this date. Both died at Nalanda. — Chavannes,
Memoire, 32 ff.
G. Sam. 322, 326, 328, 330. Dharasena IV of Valabhi, Maha-
rajadhiraja, first paramount sovereign of the dynasty, son and
successor of Dhruvasena II.
Dharasena' s grants point to his having temporarily captured
Bharoch about G. Sam. 330 (a.d. 648-9), apparently during the
reign of Dadcla IV. His own reign must have ended shortly after-
wards. He was succeeded by Dhruvasena III, his cousin twice
removed and the grandson of &iladitya I. The fact that the
imperial titles of Dharasena IV are not assumed by his immediate
successors Dhruvasena III and Kharagraha II, though they are
52 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA..
A.D.
641
6!fl
643
645
revived by Siladitya II and his successors, suggests Dharasena's
power having met with some temporary reverse. — Unpublished
copper-plates of Sam. 322 and 328. Copper-plates of Sam. 326,
I A. i, 14, or JBRAS. x, 66 ff., and I A. i, 45 ; copper-plates of
Sam. 330, IA. vii, 73, and xv, 335. IA. xvii, 196 ff.
Narasimhavarman I, or jNarasimhavishnu, Pallava, son and suc-
cessor of Mahendravarman I. Said to have destroyed Yatapi, and
to have frequently conquered Yallabharaja Pulikesin (II) in the
battles of Pariyala, Manimahgala, Suramara, and other places
(grants of Nandivarman Pallavamalla, and Paramesvara I). The
statement of another record that he conquered Ceylon, is confirmed
by the Mahavamsa which represents him and the Singhalese prince
Manavamma as mutually aiding each other in their respective
wars. Narasimha's son was Mahendravarman II. — IA. viii, 277 ;
ix, 99. ASSI. iii, 11, 152; iv, 343. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 322 ff.
Tirunanasambandar, the &aiva devotee, flourished under Nara-
simhavarman, Pallava. — EI. iii, 277 ff.
9th April. Chedi Sam. 394, Yaisakha, Kaira copper-plate. Yijaya-
varmaraja, Chalukya, son and successor of Buddhavarman, governing
Gujarat. According to Pleet there were three Gujarat branches
of the Chalukya dynasty, the first consisting of Jayasimha, his son
Buddhavarman, and grandson, the above-named Yijayaraja ; the
second of Jayasimha Dharasraya, brother of Pulikesin II, and his
son Nagavardhana (Nirpan grant) ; and the third of Jayasimha
Dharasraya II (brother of Yikramaditya I) and his sons. — IA. vii,
241 fi\ ; IA. ix, 123 (Mrpan grant of Nagavardhana) ; ib. xvii, 197.
EI. iii, 2.
H. 22. 'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar ibn Rabi invades Xirman and takes
the capital, subdues Sistan, and, advancing on Makran, defeats the
united armies of Makran and Sindh. ; The Khalif ah 'Umar refuses
his request to cross the Indus. Muhammad al-Shirazi ascribes
tbe conquest of Sistan to 'Amm ibn al-TamimT and 'Abdu-llah ibn
'Uniar Khattab, and that of Makran to 'Abdu-llah ibn 'Abdu-llah ibn
'Unan, and represents Zanbil, the ruler of Makran, as being also
ruler of Sindh. Other historians differ equally as to names, and
some refer these conquests to the year H. 23. — EHI. i, 417.
Hiuen Tsang leaves India.
a.d. 648—652. 53
A.D.
648
6If8
649
650
651
652
Wang Hsiian-tse sent as ambassador by the Emperor of China to
Harshavardhana of Thanesar. He arrives, according to the most
trustworthy Chinese accounts, after the latter' s death and finds the
country in a state of revolution and the supreme power in the hands
of the Senapati Arjuna.1 "Wang Hsiian-tse being driven out by the
latter, takes refuge in Tibet and, returning with a large army,
completely defeats him. — Chavannes, Memoire, 19, n. 2.
Dharasena IY, of Yalabhi, occupies Bharoch. — I A. xvii, 196.
The Chinese Sramana Tao-sheng (Chandradeva) visits India by
way of Tibet. He remained there several years, dying in Nepal on
his way back to China. — Chavannes, Memoire, 39.
The Chinese Sramana Hsiian chao, called in Sanskrit Prakasa-
mati, visiting Tibet on his way to India, is received by the Chinese
princess, Wen Chang, widow of King Srong-btsan-sgam-po whose
death, which occurred in this year, took place probably just before
the pilgrim's arrival. After spending about fourteen years in India,
three of which were passed in study at the schools of Jinaprabha
and Katnasimha at Nalanda, Hsiian chao returned to China about
a.d. 664. He visited India a second time, but died on the return
journey to China. — Chavannes, Memoir e, 10 ff.
G. Sam. 332, 334. Dhruvasena III of Yalabhi, successor of
Dharasena IY. — Unpublished copper-plate of Sam. 332, IA. xvii,
197, note 50. Copper-plate of Sam. 334, EI. i, 85.
H. 30. Yazdijard (Isdigird) III, of Persia, defeated near Istakhar
by 'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar and 'Usnian, flees to Kirman. — EHI.
i, 419.
H. 30. 'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar pursues Yazdijard into Khurasan,
after which, in company with the Prince of Tus, he reduces Sarakhs,
Hirat, Badghais, Ghur, Jurjistan, Merv, Taliqan, and Balkh. He
appoints his generals to the government of the different provinces,
and returns to Mekkah. — EHI. i, 419. BF. i, 3.
Atigupta (?), Sramana of Central India, visits China where he
translates a Buddhist work. — BIS". 437.
1 On this rendering of the Chinese Na-fo-ti-a-la-na-shun, see Silvain Levi's
remarks, JA., 8e serie, 1892, 337.
54 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
652
654
655
655
656
658
659
Hsiian-t'ai (Sarvajnadeva), the Chinese Sramana, visits Central
India by way of Tibet and Nepal. — Chavannes, Memoir e, 34.
Harsha Sam. 48 (inscription). Jishnugupta, of "Western Nepal,
and his sovereign lord Dhruvadeva, Lichchhavi of the Suryavamsi
dynasty of Eastern Nepal. — I A. ix, 171 if.
8th Aug., Chedi Sam. 406, Bagumra copper-plate. Prithivi-
vallabha-Nikumbhallasakti of the Sendraka family ruling in the
province of Lata. — I A. xviii, 265.
Na-thi, Nadi or Punyopaya (?), &ramana of Central India,
arrives in China, bringing more than 1500 different texts of the
Tripitaka belonging to the Mahayana and Hmayana schools,
collected by him in India and Ceylon. — BN. 437.
H. 35. 'Abdu-r-Rahman ibn Samrah, sent by the governor of
'Iraq to invade Sistan, takes Bust and penetrates afterwards as far
as Kabul.— EHI. ii, 413-5.
Yikramaditya I, Satyasraya, Eanarasika, Western Chalukya, son
and successor of Pulikesin II. The exact date of his accession is
uncertain, but it probably occurred in this year ; he reigned until
a.d. 681. A rebellion of the Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas, and Keralas
seems to have arisen on Pulikesin' s death, the Pallavas apparently
achieving a temporary success, since the Pallava king Para-
mesvara I claims, in the Xuram grant, to have put Yikramaditya I
to flight. The latter seems, however, to have eventually crushed
his foes, inscriptions claiming for him the seizure of Kanchi, the
breaking down of the Chola, Pandya, and Kerala coalition, and
the defeat of the Kalabhras. — Karnul grants dated third and tenth
years of reign and one undated, JBRAS. xvi, 225 ff. Undated
grant from Haidarabad (Dekkan), IA. vi, 75. BD. 54. EKD., Bom.
Gaz., 361 ff. ASSI. iii, 11.
G. Sam. 337 (copper-plate). Kharagraha II, Dharmaditya II,
of Yalabhi, brother and successor of Dhruvasena III. — I A. vii, 76.
S'eng-ki-po-mo (Sahghavarman), a Chinese &ramana, visits India.
— Chavannes, Memoir e, 73 ff.
23rd Sept. Date assigned by Meet to the Nerur copper- plate
of Yijayabhattarika, wife of Chandraditya, brother and feudatory
a.d. 659—664. 55
of Yikramaditya I. See under Pulikesin II, a.d. 609. — FKD.,
Bom. Go*., 365.
A. Yir. 1204. Ravishena writes the Padmapurana. This date
assumes b.c. 544-5 as the epoch of the Yira era, and corresponds
to Y. Sam. 716 according to the Digambara reckoning of the
Yikrama epoch as A. Yir. 488, see b.c. 527.— BE. 1883-4, 118.
Paramesvaravarman I, Ugradanda - Lokaditya, Isvarapotaraja
Pallava, son and successor of Mahendravarman II. Said to have
conquered the army of Yallabha Yikramaditya (I) in the battle
of Peruvalanallur (Kuram grant and grant of Nandivarman Palla-
vanialla), and to have destroyed the army and town of Ranarasika,
i.e. Yikramaditya I. — ASSI. iii, 11, 144 (Kuram grant) ; iv, plates
xi, xii. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 329, 330.
2nd November, Y. Sam. 718, Udepur inscription of the Guhila
king, Aparajita, and of the commander of his troops, the Maharaja
Yarahasimha. — EI. iv, 29.
£. 584. Murijala, the astronomer, writes his Laghumanasd. —
Ganakataranginl, ed. Sudhakara, The Pandit, n.s., xiv, 59.
Indra - Bhattaraka, or Indraraja, Eastern Chalukya, succeeded
his elder brother Jayasimha I. Certain grants represent him as
reigning seven days. He is probably the " Indra Bhattaraka"
mentioned in the Godavarl grant of Prithvimiila as being attacked
by a confederacy of kings under Adhiraja Indra, possibly the
Ganga king Indravarman of Kalihganagara. — I A. xiii, 120; xvi,
131 ff.; xx, 12, 97. JBRAS. xvi, 114, 119.
Yishnuvardhana II, Eastern Chalukya, succeeded his father
Indra- Bhattaraka between Phalguna &ukla 1 of &. 585 cur. and
Chaitra Sukla 10 of 6. 586 cur., or between the 14th Eebruary and
the 24th March : till a.d. 672. — Grant from the Kellore district in
his second year, I A. vii, 185 ff. ; viii, 320; one apparently from
Mattewada, Kistna district, in his fifth year, IA. vii, 191.
H. 44. The Khalifah Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan appoints his
brother Ziyad governor of Basra, Khurasan, and Sistan. — BF. i, 4.
EHI. i, 420.
56 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
664
666
667
670
671
H. 44. 'Abdu-r-Rahman ibn Shimar marches from Merv to
Kabul where he makes 12,000 converts. His officer, Muhallab ibn
Sufra, is detached from the main army and invades the Indian
frontier: he penetrates as far as Multan, plundering the country,
and returns with many prisoners to Khurasan. — BF. i, 4. EHI.
i, 116; ii, 414. EIH. 305.
H. 46. 'Abdu-llah ibn Suar appointed to the frontier of Hind
by Khalifah Mu'awiyah.— EHI. i, 117, 423.
G. Sam. 348-356. &lladitya II of Valabhi, nephew and successor
of Kharagraha II, and son of a Siladitya who, according to the
grants, did not reign at Yalabhi. — IA. v, 208, n. J ; xi, 305. EI.
iv, 74. BI. 45.
Jnanachandra, Ratnasimha, Divakaramitra, Tathagatagarbha, and
&akyakirti of &rlbhoja in Sumatra, lived between a.d. 670 and 700,
being teachers of I-tsing. Rahulamitra belongs to the same period.
He was thirty years old in I-tsing's time, and chief of the priests
in Eastern India. Chandra, author of a dramatic poem on
Vessantara, was alive at the same time. Jnanachandra and Ratna-
simha were living at the time of Hiuen Tsang's visit to India, and
Ratnasimha was the teacher of Hsiian chao who set out to visit
India about the year 650, q.v. — I-tsing's Record, trans. Takakusu,
Gen. Int. lviii.
30th January, Chedi Sam. 421 ; 443 (grants from Nausari and
Surat). 6iladitya &ryasraya, Chalukya, of the Third Gujarat
branch, governing Gujarat as Yuvaraja, under his father Jayasimha
Dharasraya. — JBRAS. xvi, 1 ff. BerichU des Siebenten Int. Orient.
Congresses, Wien, Arische Sect., 211 ff. See a.d. 643.
I-tsing, the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, leaves China for India.
He arrived at Tamralipti, at the mouth of the Hugli, in 673.
Studied some time at Nalanda, visited Bodh-Gaya, Yaranasi, SravastI,
Kanyakubja, Rajagriha, Yaisali, Kusinagara, and returned to
China by way of &ribhoja (Palembang in Sumatra), where in 692
he sent home his work by a Chinese priest, Ta-ts'in, then on
his way to China. In 695 I-tsing returned himself to China
where he was favourably received by the reigning empress
Wu-hou. Between 700 and 712 he translated fifty-six works,
a.d. 671—680. 57
dying in 713 in his seventy-ninth year. — I-tsing, Record of the
Buddhist Religion, translated by J. Takakusu. BN. 441. Memoire
compose <i Vepoque de la grand Dynastie T'ang sur les Religieux
JEminents, etc., par I-tsing, traduit par E. Chavannes, Int.
Harsha Sam. 66, Shahpur inscription ; undated inscriptions at
'Aphsad and Mandar.
Adityasena, Gupta o£ Magadha, son and successor of Madhava-
gupta, probably a paramount king after the death of Harsha of
Kanauj : married Konadevl. — CI. iii, 200-211. JBA. lviii, pt. 1,
chart, pp. 100, 102.
Mangi-Yuvaraja, Sarvalokasraya,Yijayasiddhi, Eastern Chalukya,
succeeded his father Yishnuvardhana II : till a.d. 696. — One grant
of his twentieth year, IA. xx, 104; ib. 12, 98.
Buddhapala, a 6ramana of Kubha, visits China where he translates
a Buddhist work. Between this year and a.d. 688 Divakara,
a &ramana of Central India, translated eighteen Buddhist works
into Chinese.— BK 438, 439.
Pujyapada, or Devanandin, the grammarian, author of the
Jainendram, probably flourished about this date, being, as is
supposed, the guru of Mravadyapandita (&. 651), the spiritual
adviser of Yinayaditya, Western Chalukya (a.d. 680-696). — IA.
vii, 112; xii, 19. BD. 59. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 373.
(Lakshmesvar inscription of o. 608, in seventh current year of
reign.)
Yinayaditya, Satyasraya, Western Chalukya, succeeds his father
Yikramaditya I: till a.d. 696. Claims to have subdued, between
the eleventh and fourteenth years of his reign, the Pallavas (under
Narasimhavarman II), the Kalambhras, Keralas, Haihayas, Yilas,
Malavas, Cholas, and Pandyas, and to have made tributary the
kings of the Kaveras, or Kameras, of Simhala, and of the Parasikas.
He seems also to have attained paramount sovereignty by subduing
a powerful ruler in the north whose name, however, is not given.
— JBRAS. xvi, 231 ff. (copper-plate from Togarchedu, i.e. Togur-
shode, S. 611, tenth cur. year); IA. vi, 88 (copper-plate from
Karnul of &. 613 exp., eleventh cur. year); ib. vii, 112 (Laksh-
mesvar inscription) ; ib. 300 (copper-plate from Harihar, Maisur,
S. 616 exp., fourteenth year). IA. xix, 142 (undated inscription
58 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
680
680
683
690
691
693
695
695
696
from Balagamve, Maisur, of his feudatory Pogilli, the Senclraka) ;
ib. 146 (copper-plate from Sorab, Maisur, 6. 614 exp., eleventh
cur. year). BD. 56. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 367 ff.
Narasimhavarman II, Rajasimha-Kalakala, Narashhhavishnu,
Pallava, son and successor of Paramesvaravarman I. — ASSI. iii,
11, 12, 14, 23, 24, etc. FED., Bom. Gaz., 329, 330.
H. 64. 'Abdu-l-'Aziz, governor of Sistan, defeats and kills the
king of Kabul. The war continues under his successor who is
forced to pay tribute. — EHI. ii, 416.
The poet Bhavabhuti nourished under Yasovarman of Kanauj :
author of the Vlracharita, Mdlatlmudhava, and the Uttarardma-
charita. Contemporary with Vakpatiraja, author of the Gaiidavdho.
— Mdlatlmudhava, ed. Bhandarkar, Pref. ix.
G. Sam. 372, 375. &Iladitya III, of Yalabhi, son and successor
of Siladitya II.— IA. v, 207, or ASWI. iii, 95. YOJ. i, 251 ff.
BI. 54.
&. 613. &ridhara, the astronomer, born. — Ganakataraiigini, ed.
Sudhakara, The Pandit, n.s., xiv, 62.
Ratnachinta, Kashmirian &ramana, translates seven Buddhist
works into Chinese. Died a.d. 721. To the same period belongs
Dharmaruchi or Bodhiruchi, a 6ramana of Southern India who
translated, between a.d. 693 and 713, fifty-three Buddhist works.
— BK 440 and 442.
Y. Sam. 752. Bhuraja, Bhuyada or Bhuvada, of Kalyanakataka
in Kanauj, according to the Gujarat chroniclers, holds Gujarat and
destroys Jayasekhara of Panchasar. His successors in Kalyana
were Karnaditya, Chandraditya, Somaditya, and Bhuvanaditya, the
last being the father of Raji whose son Mularaja, in a.d. 941, con-
quered Gujarat and founded the Chaulukya dynasty. — I A. vi, 182.
Paramesvaravarman II, Pallava, son and successor of Nara-
simhavarman II. — ASSI. iii, 11.
Jayasimha II, Eastern Chalukya, eldest son, succeeded his
father Mahgi-Yuvaraja: till a.d. 709.— IA. xx, 12, 99.
a.d. 696—704. 59
(Kallamatha inscription of S. 621, third year of reign.)
Vijayaditya Satyasraya, "Western Chalukya, succeeds his father
Vinayaditya : till a.d. 733. Built the Sahgamesvara temple of the
god &iva (Viiayesvara) at Pattadakal — I A. vii, 112 (Lakshmesvar
inscription, S. 645, twenty-eighth year, and S. 651, thirty -fourth
year) ; ib. viii, 284 (Huchchimalll-gudi inscription, Aihole) ; ib.
ix, 125, 130 (copper-plates from Nerur, &. 622 and &. 627, fourth
and tenth years) ; ib. x, 60, 102, 165 (Kallamatha, Mahakutesvara,
and Pattadakal inscriptions); ib. xix, 187, 188. BD. 57. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 370 ff.
H. 78. 'Abdu-llah or Ubaidullah, governor of Sistan, invading
Kabul at the command of Hajjaj, governor of 'Iraq, is totally
routed by Banbal, but allowed to retreat on payment of a ransom.
— PMH. i, 454. EIH. 305. EHI. ii, 416.
H. 80. Hajjaj appoints 'Abdu-r-Bahman governor of Sistan in
place of 'Abdu-llah, and sends him against Banbal of Kabul.
'Abdu-r-Bahman returns victorious, but incurring the displeasure
of Hajjaj for not staying to secure his conquest, he unites with
Banbal against him (H. 81).— PHH. i, 455 ff.
Banmal or Banamalla, governor of the Kashmirian province of
Kamarajya, said to have invaded Sindh, in the reign of Dahir, and
to have been repulsed by the aid of the Arabs. This event is
mentioned by the Chach-nama and the Tuhfatu-l-girani. — JBA. x,
pi 1, 188; xiv, 82. LIA. iii, 612, 992.
H. 84. 'Abdu-r-Bahman, betrayed by Banbal into the hands of
Hajjaj, kills himself by leaping over a precipice. — PMH. i, 463.
Chedi Sam. 456, 486, copper-plates from Nausari and Kavl.
Jayabhata IV, latest known Gurjara of Bharoch, son and suc-
cessor of Dadda Y. Bepresented in the Kavi grant as quieting the
impetuosity of the lord of Yalabhl (Siladitya Y or Siladitya YI).
The invasion of Gujarat by the Tajikas or Arabs seems to have
occurred in this reign. It is mentioned in the grant of the Gujarat
Chalukya Pulikesin (a.d. 738), which states that Sindh, Kachh,
Kathiavad, and the whole of Gujarat as far as Nausari, were
subdued, and that the Gurjara king was one of the conquered
princes. — IA. v, 110 (Kavl copper-plate) ; xiii, 70 (Nausari copper-
60 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
704
705
709
711
712
113
plate). BericMe des Siebenten Int. Orient. Congresses, Wien, Arisehe
Section, 223, 224, 236.
G. Sam. 386, 413, Katmandu inscriptions. Manadeva, Lichchhavi,
or Suryavamsi, of Nepal. His predecessors were — his father Dhar-
madeva, married to Rajyavati ; his grandfather &ahkaradeva, and
great-grandfather Yrishadeva. — I A. vii, 90 ; ix, 163 fL ; xiii, 412.
CI. iii, app. iv, 189.
H. 86. Hajjaj, governor of 'Iraq, sends Muhammad ibn Harun
to subdue Makran.— EHI. i, 428. BF. iv, 401.
Pramiti, &ramana of Central India, Megasikha of TJdyana and
Huai Ti, a Chinese Sramana, translate a Buddhist work into
Chinese.— BN. 443.
Kokkili, Eastern Chalukya, succeeds his elder brother, Jaya-
simha II, but, after reigning six months, is deposed and succeeded
by his brother, Yishnuvardhana III, who reigns till a.d. 746. —
IA. xx, 12, 99.
&. 631. Multai copper-plates of the Rashtrakuta chieftain
Nandaraja Yuddhasura. His immediate predecessors were — his
father Svamikaraja, his grandfather Govindaraja, and great-grand-
father Durgaraja. Their connection with the main line of the
Rashtrakuta dynasty is, as yet, unknown. — IA. xviii, 230.
H. 92. Hajjaj sends Muhammad 'Imadu-d-Dm ibn Qasim to
invade Sindh and avenge the destruction of a force he had previously
sent demanding compensation from Dahir for the seizure of an Arab
ship at Dibal.— EHI. i, 432. EIH. 307.
H. 93. Campaign of Muhammad ibn Qasim in Sindh. Fall of
Dibal early in Rajab (April). Muhammad advances to Nerun, and
from thence to Sehwan which he reduces. He defeats and slays
Dahir at Rawar 10th Ram. (20th June), and takes Alor, the capital,
in the same month. After this, according to the Chach-ndma, he
reduced Multan, and sending a force towards Kanauj under Abu
Hakim ShaibanI, proceeded himself as far as Kashmir or its outlying
provinces.— EIH. 309. EHI. i, 170, 207, 436, 444.
Chandrapida or Yajraditya, Karkota of Kashmir, eldest son
and successor of Durlabhavardhana, according to the Rujatarahginl.
He has been identified with the Chen-to-lo-pi-li whom the
a.d. 713—722.
61
T'ang Shu mentions as sending an embassy about this year to the
Emperor T'ang Hsiian Tsung (a.d. 712-762), and being invested
by the latter with the title of king in the year 720. — Rajat. iv,
39 ff., 118, 126, etc. Kemusat, Nouveaux Melanges Asiatiques, 196-7.
Klaproth, Mist, des T'ang, notice sur le Cachemire, chap, ccxxi, 2e
partie, p. 9. JA., 9e serie, t. vi, 350 ff. YOJ. ii, 333 ff. ; v, 31,
n. 1. Sitzungsberichte der K. A. d. W. Wien, phil. hist. Classe,
Bd. cxxxv, 2, n. 2. IA. ii, 106.
13th June, H. 95, 25th Earn.
'Iraq.— PMH. i, 480.
Death of Hajjaj, governor of
H. 96. Muhammad ibn Qasim recalled from Sindh, and put to
death by the "Khalifah Sulaiman.1 Sindh revolting on the recall of
Muhammad, Sulaiman appoints Yazld ibn Abu Kabshah al SuksukI
governor. He dying 18 days after his arrival, is succeeded by
Hablb ibn al Muhallab who subdues Alor. — EHI. i, 124, 437, 439.
Harchand of Thanesar : contemporary with Muhammad ibn
Qasim, according to Abu-1-Fazl. — JBA. xxxiii, 231.
Subhakara, or Subhakarasimha, Sramana of Central India, arrives
at Chang-an, the capital of China, bringing with him many Sanskrit
texts. In 717 and 724 he translated works into Chinese. He died
in a.d. 735.— BN. 444.
H. 99. 'Amru ibn Muslim al Bahali appointed to the command
of the Indian frontier under the Khalifah 'Umar ibn 'Abdu-l-'Aziz.
— EHI. i, 440 ; or Arabs in Sindh, p. 33.
Yajrabodhi, Sramana of Southern India, and his pupil Amogha-
vajra, Sramana of Northern India, arrive in China. Yajrabodhi
translated two Buddhist works in a.d. 723 and two others in 730,
dying in a.d. 732, aged 70. Amoghavajra visited India and Ceylon
in a.d. 741, returning in a.d. 746 to China, from which time till his
death in a.d. 774 he translated seventy-seven works. — BN. 443-4.
G. Sam. 403, Gondala copper-plate. Slladitya IY, of Yalabhl,
son and successor of 6iladitya III. — JBRAS. xi, 331 ff.
1 The Chach-nama attributes his death to the revenge of the preceding
Khalifah Walid.
62 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
AD.
724
725
125
H. 106. Junald ibn 'Abdu-r-Rahman al Marri having succeeded
'Amru in the command of the Indian frontier under 'Umar, governor
of 'Iraq, is confirmed in the government by the Khalifah Hasham.
Junald sent expeditions against Bharoch, Ujjain, and other places.
— EHI. i, 441.
S. 647. Initial year of the Saptarshi, or Lokakala cycle. A new
cycle begins every hundredth year from this date. For dates falling
in the months Vaisdlcha — Mdrgasirsha, twenty -four must be added
to the number of the Laukika years to get the 'corresponding year
of the Christian century, and, in the case of the months Phdlguna —
Chaitra (vadi), twenty -five. For dates falling in Pausha actual
calculation would be required to ascertain whether the day indicated
fell in December of one year or in January of the next. — See B.C.
3076. Cunningham, Indian Eras, 6.
Harsha Sam. 119, 143 (?), and possibly 145. &ivadeva II,
Thakuri of Western Nepal, probably son and successor of
Narendradeva : married Yatsadevi, daughter of the Maukhari
Bhogavarman, and granddaughter of Adityasena, Gupta of Magadha
(a.d. 672).— IA. ix, 174, No. 12; ib. 176, 177, Nos. 13, 14.
H. 107. Tamim ibn Zaid al 'Utbi succeeds Junald as governor
of Sindh under the Khalifah Hasham.— EHI. i, 442.
Kumarilabhatta, author of the Tantravartika, probably flourished
between 700 and 750, though Telang would place him some time
before the end of the sixth century a.d. — JBRAS. xviii, 147, 213.
Yakpati, son of Harshadeva, flourished under Yasovarman of
Kanauj, a contemporary of Lalitaditya - Muktapi da of Kashmir
(a.d. 726-760). Yakpati wrote, probably about a.d. 750, the
Gaiidavaho, a poem commemorative of the exploits of his patron
Yasovarman. The poet Bhavabhuti, author of the Viracharita, the
Mdlatimddhava, and the Uttarardmacharita, is stated by the Rdja-
tarahgini to have been patronized by Yasovarman. He must,
therefore, have been a contemporary of Yakpati' s, though possibly
a generation older (see a.d. 690). — Rdjatarahgini, iv, 144. AC. 398,
557. Gaiidavaho, ed. S. P. Pandit, Int. lxviiff. Mdlatimddhava, ed.
Bhandarkar, Pref. ix fl\ BR. 1883-4, p. 15. Sbhv., ed. Peterson,
Int. 115. YOJ.ii, 332 fl\ JA., 9e serie, t. vi, 353, note.
Lalitaditya Muktapida, Karkota of Kashmir, son of Durlabha-
vardhana, and successor of Tarapida, probably reigning about this
a.d. 726—735. 63
130
date. He has been identified with the Mu-to-pi, whom the T'ang Shu
mentions as having sent an embassy to the Emperor Hsiian-Tsung,
after the death of Chandraplda, and with the Muttai mentioned by
Al-BirQni. Lalitaditya conquered Yasovarman of Kanauj probably
between a.d. 736 and 747. He reigned till a.d. 753. — References
under Chandraplda, a.d. 713.
Khalad, governor of 'Iraq, appoints Hakim al Kalabi to the
command in Sindh. — Elliot, Arabs in Sindh, p. 36. EHI. i, 442.
S. 653. Balsar grant. Yuddhamalla, Jayasraya, Mangalaraja
or Yinayaditya, Western Chalukya, Third Gujarat branch, son
and successor of Jayasimha Dharasraya, and brother of Siladitya
Sryasraya who apparently died before his father, reigning only
as Yuvaraja (see a.d. 671). — IA. xiii, 75.
(Lakshmesvar inscription, &. 656, 2nd year of reign.) Yikrama-
ditya II, Satyasraya, Western Chalukya, eldest son, succeeds his
father, Yijayaditya : till a.d. 747. Married Lokamahadevi and her
sister, Trailokyamahadevi of the Haihayas of Chedi. Said to have
defeated and slain the Pallava king, Nandipotavarman ; to have
conquered Kanchi three times, and to have subdued the Pandyas,
Cholas, Keralas, and Kalabhras. — I A. vii, 110; viii, 285 (Durga
temple inscription, Aihole) ; ix, 1 32 (Nerur copper-plates) ;
x, 162-168 (Pattadakal inscriptions). BD. 57. EKD., Bom. Gaz.,
374. CASR. ix, 112.
Mahideva, Lichchhavi or Suryavamsi of Nepal, son and successor
of Manadeva. — CI. iii, app. iv, 189.
Y. Sam. 791. Guhila, son of Bappa, said to have taken Chitor
from Man'morl, last of the Pramar dynasty. — Kavi Raj Shyamal
Das, JBA. lvi, 74.
Nandivarnian, Nandipotavarman, Pallava, son of Hiranyavarman
according to the Kasakiidi grant, and successor of Paramesvara-
varman II. In the 21st year of his reign, an alliance was formed
against Nandivarman by a Pallava prince, Chitramaya, with the
kings of the Dramila country. TJdayachandra, of Yilvala, went to
his rescue, relieved Anupura where he was besieged, and destroyed
64 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
735
738
738
739
740
his enemies on the battlefields of Mmbavana, Chutavana, 6an-
karagrama, Yanalur, Nelveli, and &udravaruntyara. At Nelveli,
Uclayachandra encountered the Senapati &ahkara. He afterwards
released the hostile king of the Sabaras, Udayana, and conquered
Prithivivyaghra of jSTishadha, delivering him over to Nandivarman.
Finally, he defeated the Pandya army at Mannaiku. Nandivarman
was defeated by the Western Chalukya Yikramaditya II (Yakkaleri
grant of Kirtivarman II). — ASSI. iii, 145 fi\ ; iv, 342 (Kasakudi
grant); ib. 361, and EI. iii, 142 (Udayendiram grant of 1st year,
possibly spurious). FKD., Bom. Gaz., 325 ft*.
Nov. 16th, Y. Sam. 795, Karttika vadi 15. Dhiniki grant of
Jaikadeva, Paraniabhattaraka and Maharajadhiraja of Saurashtra.
Jaikadeva's capital was Bhumilika, i.e. Bhumll or Ghumll, the
deserted capital of the Jethvas, an ancient Rajput clan, now repre-
sented by the Ranas of Purbandar. — I A. xii, 151 ff.
H. 120. Mahfuzah built, according to the Balazirl, by Hakim,
governor of Sindh.— JBA. lxi, 195, n. 102.
H. 120. 'Amrii ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim, governor of Sindh
under Hakim al Kalabi. The Balazirl attributes to him the
foundation of Mansuriyah. By Al-Mas'udi, however, this is
ascribed to Mansiir, son of Jamhur, last Amir of Sindh, while Al-
IdrisI relegates it to the beginning of the khilafat of Al-Mansur
the 'Abbasi, H. 136 (754 a.d.).— Elliot, Arabs in Sindh, p. 37.
EHI. i, 442. JBA. lxi, 195, n. 102.
Chedi Sam. 490, Nausari grant. Janasraya Pulakesivallabha,
Western Chalukya, Third Gujarat branch, brother and successor of
Mahgala. The Tajikas or Arabs, having overrun Sindh, Kachh,
Saurashtra, Chavotaka, the Maurya and Gurjara kingdoms, seem to
have invaded the Nausari district, and to have been defeated by
Pulikesin (Nausari grant). — Berichte des Siebenten Orientalisien
Congresses in Wien, Arische Section, 211 ff.
Y. Sam. 796. Inscription from Mahadeva temple at Kanaswa,
near Kota, of &ivagana, son and successor of Sahkuka, of the
Maurya family. The Jhalrapatan inscription of Hurgagana,
Sam. 746, possibly refers to the same era. — IA. v, 180 ff. ; xiii,
162, and JBRAS. xvi (1885), 378 ff.
a.d. 743—750. 65
V. Sam. 800. Bappabhattisuri born, according to Jaina tradition :
author of the Sarasvatlstotra: died a.d. 838. According to Raja-
sekhara's Prahandhakosa Bappabhatti converted Amaraja, son and
successor of Yasovarman of Kanauj (a.d. 725). The above dates
of his birth and death are very doubtful. — PR. iv, Ind. lxxxii.
BR. 1883-4, p. 15.
H. 127. Abu-1-Khattab, governor of Sindh under the Khalifah
Marwan II. — Elliot, Arabs in Sindh, 37.
V. Sam. 802. Yanaraja, son of Jayasekhara of Panchasar, said
to have founded Anhilvad, and established the Chapotkata, or
Chiivada dynasty in Gujarat.— PUT. 158. BE. 1883-4, pp. 10, 150.
JBRAS. ix, 38. Forbes, Ms Mala, p. 29. See a.d. 695.
Yijayaditya I, Bhattaraka, Eastern Chalukya, succeeded his father
Yishnuvardhana III : till a.d. 764.— IA. xx, 12, 99.
Sulaiman ibn Hasham appointed governor of Sindh under the
Khalifah Marwan II (744-750).— Elliot, Arabs in Sindh, 37. EHI.
i, 443.
(Yakkaleri grant of S. 679, eleventh year of reign.) Kirti-
varnian II, Satyasraya, Western Chalukya, succeeds his father
Yikramaditya II. Broke the Pallava power under his father,
Yikramaditya II. During his reign, and before &. 675 (a.d. 753),
the supremacy of the Chalukyas in Maharashtra was overthrown
by the llashtrakutas under Dantidurga; but though deprived of
their power, they do not seem to have been entirely subdued. —
IA. viii, 23 ff. ; xi, 68 (undated inscription from Adur). EI. iii, 1 ff.
(Pattadakal inscription, £. 677). BD. 58. EKD., Bom. Ga%., 376.
Padma Sambhava (Padjung) said to have arrived in Tibet at
the summons of King Khri srong /dehuJtsan. — Csoma de Koros,
Grammar of the Tibetan Language, 183; but see his Notes to the
Chronological Table (p. 193), where he represents Padma as visiting
Tibet in the beginning of the ninth century.
Mansiir ibn Jamhur, governor of Sindh under Marwan II, last
of the Umaiyade Khallfahs. — Elliot, Arabs in Sindh, p. 38. "Weil,
Geschichte der Chalifen, vol. ii, p. 15.
H. 132. 'Abdu-r-Rahinan appointed governor of Sindh by Abu
5
66 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
750
751
'54
757
Muslim, is defeated and slain on the frontier by Mansur. Musa ibn
Ka'abu-t-Tamimi, being appointed by Abu Muslim to succeed him,
defeats Mansur, who, compelled to flee, dies of thirst in the desert.
— EHI. i, 443. Elliot, Arabs in Sindh, 38.
Harsha Sam. 145 (?), 153. Jayadeva II, Thakurl, of Nepal, and
successor of Sivadeva II ; married Rajyamati, who is described as
" the descendant of Bhagadatta's royal line, and the daughter of
&riharshadeva, of Gauda, Odra, Kalinga, Kosala, and other lands." —
IA. ix, 177 ff.
TJ-K'ong (Dharmadhatu), a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, leaves
China for India. Travelling by Central Asia, he reached Gandhara
in a.d. 753, and Kashmir in 759, where, having taken his final vows
as a Buddhist &ramana, he spent four years in study. Returning
to Gandhara, he set out in 764 for Central India, visiting Kapila-
vastu, Yaranasi, &ravasti, Kusinagara, and Nalanda, where he
spent three years. About 783 or 784 he set out for China, and
arrived there in a.d. 790, bringing with him the Sanskrit texts of
the Dasabhumi and Dasabala Sutras, etc. — JA., 9e serie, t. vi, 341 ff.
Sitzungsbbrichte der Kais. ATcad. der Wiss. Wien, phil. hist. Classe,
Bd. cxxxv, vii.
G. Sam. 435, Katmandu inscription. Yasantasena, Lichchhavi,
of Nepal, son and successor of Mahideva, and grandson of Mana-
deva.— I A. ix, 167. See under a.d. 705.
5th January, S. 675, Samangad copper-plates. Dantidurga or
Dantivarman II, Rashtrakuta, son and successor of Indra II. Con-
quered Kirtivarman II, Western Chalukya, about a.d. 748, and
established the Rashtrakuta power in the Dekkan. Claims to have
subdued the kings of Kanchi, Kalinga, Kosala, Sri &aila, Malava,
Lata, and Tanka (Elura inscriptions). — IA. xi, 108 ff. AS. Reps.
No. 10, 92-96 (Elura cave inscriptions). FKD., Bom. Gaz., 389.
24th Sept., 6. 679, exp. Antroli-Chharoli grant. *
Kakkaraja II, of the First Gujarat branch of the Rashtrakuta
dynasty. His immediate predecessors were his father Govindaraja,
married to a daughter of Nagavarman; his grandfather Dhruvaraja
and great-grandfather Kakkaraja I. — JBRAS. xvi, 105 ff. EI. iii, 54.
H. 140. Hasham ibn 'Amrii Al-Taghlabi appointed governor
of Sindh by the Khalifah Al-Mansur. He is said to have sent an
a.d. 757—770. 67
expedition to Barada (possibly in Kathiavad) under 'Amru ibn
Janial. A raid into Kashmir (probably tbe Northern Panjab), the
reduction of the province of Multan, and the expulsion of a party
of Arabs, apparently followers of 'All, from Kandabel, are attributed
to his time. He was succeeded by 'Umar ibn Hafs ibn 'Usnian,
or Hazarmard according to some authorities, though Tabari and
Abii-1-Fida make 'Umar his predecessor. — EHI. i, 444. Elliot, Arabs
in Sindh, 38. See a.d. 776.
G. Sam. 441, Lunavada copper-plate. Siladitya Y, of Valabhi,
son and successor of Siladitya IV. — IA. vi, 16, 17.
Krishna I, Yallabha, Subhatunga or Akalavarsha, Rashtrakuta,
uncle and successor of Dantidurga. Stated in various grants to
have reduced the Chalukyas, conquered Kahappa, and built a temple
to Siva, perhaps that of Kailasa at Elapura (Elur). Krishna's date
lies somewhere between S. 675 and 705, the known dates of his
predecessor and successor respectively. — BD. 63. EKD., Bom. Gaz.,
390. IA. xii, 228.
Harsha Sam. 155, copper-plate from Dighwa-Dubauli of the
Maharaja Mahendrapala, son and successor of Bhoja I. Mahodaya,
whence the above charter is dated, has been identified with Kanauj,
but Fleet inclines to place the dominion of these princes in the
neighbourhood of SravastI (Sahet-Mahet) and VaranasI (Benares).
Mahendrapala married Dehanaga, by whom he had a son Bhoja,
and Mahidevi, whose son Yinayakapala issued a charter in H. Sam.
188 = a.d. 794, q.v.— IA. xv, 105 ff. JBA. lviii, 100.
Yishnuvardhana IY, Yishnuraja, Eastern Chalukya, succeeds his
father, Yijayaditya I : till a.d. 799.
G. Sam. 447, Allna copper-plates. Siladitya VI, Dhruvabhata,
of Valabhi, son and successor of Siladitya V. The Valabhi dynasty
was probably overthrown about this time by an expedition from
Sindh under 'Amru ibn Jamal. See a.d. 757. — I A. vii, 79, or CI.
iii, 171.
H. 151. 'Umar ibn Hafs ibn 'TJsman, governor of Sindh, trans-
ferred to Africa.— EHI. i, 445.
(Sa)naphulla, founder of the southern branch of the Konkana
68 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
770
771
774
776
'80
782
783
&ilaharas, feudatory of Krishna I, Rashtrakuta, who is represented
to have given him the territory between the Sahya range and the
sea-coast. Fleet would place Sanaphulla about a.d. 783. — (JBRAS.
i. 217 ff.). BD. 121. EI. iii, 294. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 537.
Akalanka or Akalanka- Chandra flourished under Krishna I,
Rashtrakiita (a.d. 760) ; wrote the Ashtasatl, the Laghly astray a,
Nydyavinischaya, etc. — JBRAS. xviii, 219 ff.
H. 154. An embassy from Sindh visits Khalifah Al-Mansiir at
Baghdad ; supposed to have given the Arabs their first knowledge
of Hindu astronomy. — Alberuni's India, ed. Sachau, vol. ii, 15.
Riih ibn Hatim made governor of Sindh. — Elliot, Arabs in Sindh,
41. Reinaud, Fragments, 213.
A Jewish colony settles in Cochin. — JBA. xxxix, 144.
H. 160. The Khalifah Al-Mahdi sends an army to India under
'Abdu-1-Malik ibn Shihabu-1 Musamma'I. The town of Barada
(Purbandar ?) is captured. A number of the troops perish through
sickness, the remainder being wrecked on their return off the
Persian coast.— EHI. i, 444 ; ii, 246.
Kshirasvamin, author of the Dhdtupdtha and various grammatical
treatises on Panini, and Bhatta Udbhata, author of an Alankdra-
sdstra, flourished under Jayapida of Kashmir (a.d. 779-813), as his
tutor and sabhapati respectively. To this same period belongs the
poet Damodaragupta, author of the Sambhalimata or Kuttanimata.
Kashmirian tradition refers Vamana, author of the Kavyalahkara-
vritti, to the same period, and makes him likewise a minister of
Jayapida. He cannot be placed later than the middle of the 10th
century, since Abhinavagupta, writing in the beginning of the 11th
century, quotes him.— BKR. 65, 73. PR. i, 65 ; ii, 23. See a.d. 800.
Prajiia, an Indian priest, visits China. He translated with King-
ching (Adam), the Nestorian missionary, the Mahuy unabuddhi
Shatpdramitd-sutra, and three other works, between 785 and 810.
Prajiia was a &ramana of Kapisa, in Northern India. — BN. 448.
I-tsing's Record trans. Takakusu, 169, 224.
&. 705. The Harivamsa Purdna of the Digambara Jains, written
by Jinasena " while Indrayudha, son of Krishna, was reigning in the
a.d. 783—794. 69
north, 6ri Vallabha in the south, Vatsaraja of AvantI in the east,
and Varaha in the west." Hitherto the &rl Vallabha mentioned in.
the above passage has been identified with Govindall, Rashtrakuta,
but, according to Fleet, the reference is to Govinda III. — See FKD.,
Bom. Gat., 394-5. BD. 65.
H. 171. Date on the tomb of Abu Turab, a celebrated Shaikh,
said to have been governor of Sindh, and to have taken Tharra
in the district of Sakura, the city of Bagar, Bhambur, and other
places in Western Sindh. — EHI. i, 446.
S. 710. &ankaracharya, the Brahmanical reformer born, ac-
cording to the Aryavidyasudhakara. His death is placed by the
same authority in 6. 742 (a.d. 820). Telang would place Sahkara
as early as a.d. 590.— IA. xi, 174, 263; xiii, 95 ff. ; xiv, 64, 185,
n. 13; xvi, 42, 160. JBRAS. xviii, 88 ff., and 218, 233. WL. 51.
BR. 1882-3, 15. ASNI, ii, 8.
6.716, 726, 730, 735. Govindalll, Prabhutavarshal, Jagattungal,
Vallabhanarendra, etc., Rashtrakuta, son and successor of Dhruva :
married Gamundabbe. On his accession Govinda broke down a con-
federacy of twelve kings under their leader Stambha. He released the
Ganga king of Chera, but, on his again rebelling, captured him.
He then attacked the Gurjara king, and, some time before a.d. 812,
conquered the province of Lata (Central and Southern Gujarat),
which he made over to his brother Indra, who founded there the
second branch of the Rashtrakuta dynasty of Gujarat. Malava
next submitted to him, and, advancing to the Yindhyas, he received
the submission of a king, Marasarva. Later, he marched to the
Tungabhadra, and subdued the Pallavas under Dantiga. During
his reign began the war between the Rashtrakutas and the Eastern
Chalukyas, which continued under Govinda's successor, Krishna II,
and the Eastern Chalukya, Yijayaditya III. The date of Govinda's
predecessor, Dhruva, cannot, as yet, be fixed; Govinda himself
may possibly have been reigning as early as 6. 705 = a.d. 783, q.v. —
EI. iii,53 (Torkhede copper-plate, &. 735); ib. 103 (Paithan copper-
plate, 6. 716). IA. vi, 59 ff. (Radhanpur copper-plate, S. 730);
xi, 125 ff. (copper-plate of 6. 726); ib. 156 (Van! Dindori copper-
plates, 6. 730) ; ib. xvi, 74 ; xvii, 141. BD. 65. *EKD., Bom. Gaz.,
393 ff.
70 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA
A.D.
794
795
799
800
Harsha Saih. 188. Bengal Asiatic Society's copper-plate of the
Maharaja Yinayakapaladeva, son of Mahendrapala, and successor of
his own brother, Bhoja II. See under a.d. 761. — IA. xv, 138 ff.
Yasugupta, Kashmirian &aiva philosopher, author of the Spanda-
kdrilca, flourished about the end of the eighth century or even later
(Biihler). Taught Bhatta Kallata, a contemporary of Avantivarman
(a.d. 855-884).— BKR. 78.
Yijayadityall, Narendramrigaraja, Sri-Tribhuvanankusa, Eastern
Chalukya, succeeded his father, Yishnuvardhana IY. Apparently
first paramount sovereign of the dynasty ; reigned probably till a.d.
843. Described in the Idara (Ideru) grant of Amma I as having
fought 108 battles in twelve years with the Gahgas (Mahamandales-
varas of the Belgaum and Dharvad Districts) and Rattas (Rashtra-
kutas). This war with the Rashtrakutas probably took place
during the reigns of Govinda III and Amoghavarsha I, Yijayaditya
very likely being the "Lord of YengI " represented in Govinda' s
Radhanpur grant as "working for him like a servant." — ASSI, iii,
31, 37.
Approximate date of the Rajim grant of Raja Tlvaradeva of
Kosala, of the Panduvamsa lineage. His immediate predecessors
were : his (adoptive) father Nannadeva and grandfather Indrabala.
An inscription at Sirpur mentions Indrabala' s father as Udayana
of the &avara lineage, and this prince has been identified with the
Udayana of the &abhara lineage, conquered by the Pallava king
Nandivarman (a.d. 735).— CI. iii, 291.
H. 18 1±. Da'iid ibn Yazid ibn Hatim, Muhallabi, made governor
of Sindh by the Khalifah Harunu-r-Rashld.— EHI. i, 445.
Rise of the Dor Rajputs to power under Chandraka, who
establishes himself as a Raja, making Baran his capital. — Growse's
Bulandshahr, 44.
Yamana, author of the Kavyalahkaravritti, may have flourished
about this date, Kashmirian tradition referring him to the reign
of Jayapida. He cannot be placed later than the middle of the
tenth century, since he is quoted by Abhinavagupta (a.d. 993-1015).
He must have flourished before Anandavardhana (a.d. 850) who,
according to Abhinavagupta, composed a verse about him. Quotes
in his Kavyalanlcdravritti from Magna' s oisupdlavadha. This, if
the theory be right which refers Magha to about 860 on the
a.d. 800—810. 71
strength of his connection with Siddha a.d. 906, would necessitate
an adjustment of Vamana's date or of that of Anandavardhana
{q.v., a.d. 850).— BKR. 65. VOJ. iv, 69. JRAS. 1897, 288.
L.K. 80, &. 726, Baijnath prasastis. Lakshmana or Lakshmana-
chandra, Rajanaka of Kiragrama, ruling under Jayachchandra of
Jalandhara or Trigarta. Lakshmana' s mother, Lakshanika or
Lakshana, was a daughter of Hridayachandra of Trigarta. The
above prasastis, composed by the poet Rama, and inscribed on the
temple of &iva-Vaidyanatha (Baijnath) at Kiragrama (Kirgraon)
in the Kahgra district of the Pan jab, are the oldest specimens yet
discovered of &arada writing. — EI. i, 99 ff.
Yogaraja, Chapotkata or Chavada of Anhilvad, succeeds his
father Vanaraja. — Refs. a.d. 746.
Govinda III, Rashtrakuta, conquers Lata (Central and Southern
Gujarat) from the Chapotkatas or Chavadas of Anhilvad, and
appoints as feudatory ruler of it his brother Indra, founder of the
Second Gujarat branch of the Rathor dynasty. The Rashtrakutas
of Hanyakheta apparently resumed their sway over the province
of Lata between 6. 810, the latest date known to us of the Gujarat
branch, and 6. 832, when we find Krishna II of the main line
granting a village in Gujarat. — I A. v, 145 ; xii, 157, 158. JBRAS.
xviii, 255-6.
H. 193. The Indian physician Manikba visits the court of
Hariinu-r-Rashid whom he attends during his last illness. — EM.
i, 446-7.
Halayudha, author of the Kavirahasya or Kaviguhya, referred by
Bhandarkar to this date. According to a Gujarat copy of the
Kavirahasya its hero was one of the Krishnas of the Rashtrakuta
line, possibly the first of that name (a.d. 760-80). Bhandarkar
inclines to identify the author of the Kavirahasya with the
Halayudha who wrote the Abhidhanaratnamald, but "Weber places
the latter about the end of the eleventh century. — BR. 1883-4,
p. 9. WL. 230, n. 242.
(S. 705, 759.) Jinascna flourished, being tutor to Amoghavarsha,
Rashtrakuta : author of the Harivamsa Purana (&. 705), the Parsva-
bhyudaya, and the Adipurdna. To about the same period belong
72 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
810
812
813
814
Yiracharya, author of the Sdrasahgraha; Patrakesarin or Yidyananda,
author of the Ashtasahasri; and Prabhachandra, author of the Nyaija-
kumudachandrodaya, the two last being pupils of Akalahka (a.d.
770).— BD. 68. JBRAS. xviii, 221 ff.
5. 734, Yaisakha, Baroda copper-plate. Karkaraja-Suvarna-
varsha, Rathor, Second Gujarat branch, son and successor of
Indra.— IA. xii, 156 ff. ZDMG. xl, 321.
6. 735 and 749, copper-plates from Torkhede and Kavi.
Govindaraja-Prabhutavarsha, brother of the above, from whom
he probably usurped the throne, though there are indications that
Karkaraja regained it with the aid of his cousin Amoghavarsha, of
the main line. The Torkhede copper-plate mentions Buddhavarasa
of the Salukika family as a feudatory of Govindaraja. — EI. iii, 53.
IA. v, 144; xii, 180; xiv, 197. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 399, 408.
L.K. 89. King Ajitapida of Kashmir succeeds Chippata-
Jayaplda who probably reigned from a.d. 779. Padma said to have
built Pampur in Ajitapida's reign. — Rajatarangini, iv, 703. BKR. 72.
$. 735, copper-plate from Kadab, Maisur, of Yimaladitya, son of
Tasovarman and grandson of Balavarman, a prince belonging
probably to a branch of the Chalukya family ; and of his maternal
uncle Chakiraja of the Gahga family, feudatory of the Rashtrakuta
Govinda III.— IA. xii, 11. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 399.
(&iriir inscription of S. 788, fifty-second year of reign.)
&arva Amoghavarsha I, Nripatuhga, Durlabha, Rashtrakuta,
succeeds his father Govinda III. He apparently owed his suc-
cession in part to his cousin Suvarnavarsha- Karkaraja of Gujarat,
who is represented in the Baroda grant of Dhruva II as having
placed Amoghavarsha on his throne. Said to have been worshipped
by the lords of Yahga, Ahga, Magadha, Malava, and Yehgi (Sirur
inscription) ; to have defeated the Chalukyas, Abhyushakas, and
others at Yingavelli (SahglT copper-plate) ; and to have fixed his
capital at Manyakheta (Karda copper - plate). Amoghavarsha
patronized the Digambara Jains, being apparently himself a Jain.
An appendix to Gunabhadra's Uttarapurana represents him as
a worshipper of the Jaina saint Jinasena, author of the Adipurana,
and, in the introduction to the Sdrasangraha, a Jaina mathematical
work by Yiracharya, he is called a follower of the Jaina doctrine.
The authorship of the Brasnottara-ratnamdliha is attributed to
a.d. 814—822. 73
him by the Diganibara Jains, whose copies of this work state
that he composed it after abdicating the throne " in consequence of
the growth of the ascetic spirit within him." Amongst Amogha-
varsha's feudatories were Bankeyarasa and Sahkaraganda of the
Chellaketana family. An undated inscription of the former indicates
that he ruled the Banavasi, Belgali, Kundarage, Kundtir and
Purigere {i.e. Puligere or Lakshmesvar) districts. Sankaraganda,
according to an undated inscription from Kyasanur, ruled the
Banavasi province. The Ganga king Prithivipati I, son of &iva-
mara, was one of Amoghavarsha's contemporaries. — IA. xii, 216;
xiii, 133 fi\, or Nachrichten der Ges. der Wissenschaften, Gottingen,
Jan. 1884 (Kanheri cave inscriptions of S. 765?, 773, and 799).
IA. xvii, 142 ; xx, 113, 421. BD. 67. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 401 ff.
EI. iii, 269. ASSI. iv, 381.
Kapardin I, Northern Konkana Silahara, begins to reign as
feudatory of the Rashtrakuta, Amoghavarsha I. There seem to
have been three branches of the Silara or Silahara dynasty ruling
contemporaneously in the Northern and Southern Konkan and the
neighbourhood of Kolhapur respectively. Those of the Northern
Konkan were at first, apparently, feudatories of the Rashtrakutas.
It is doubtful whether or not the later princes of this line achieved
independence. — IA. xiii, 133, 137.
H. 200. Bashir ibn Da'ud governor of Sindh (Reinaud). — Elliot,
Arabs in Sindh, p. 43.
H. 204. Ghassan, son of 'Ubbad, being appointed to the
government of Khurasan by the Khalifah Al-Mamun, confers
the government of Samrqand upon Nuh, that of Shash and Isfanjab
on Yahya, that of Hirat on Ilyas, and that of Earghanah on
Ahmad, all sons of Asad, Samani. — RT. 27.
H. 205. Tahir-i-Zu-1-Yamanain, son of Al-Husam, appointed to
Khurasan by Al-Mamun. According to some writers Sindh formed
part of his eastern government. — EHI. i, 448. RT. 28.
H. 207. Al-Mamun appoints Talhah governor of Khurasan on
the death of his father Tahir. Some writers state that 'All
succeeded his father in Khurasan, and that he was slain fighting
against the Kharijis near Nishapur. — RT. 12, 13, note 8.
74 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
825
827
August 25th. Epoch of the Kollam Andu or sidereal reckoning
of North Malabar, dating from the sun's entering Kanya, on the
1,434,160th day of the Kaliyuga. There is a Southern Kollam
year which begins a month earlier. Thirty days are intercalated
in 116 years, making the average year 365 d. 6 h. 12 m. 24-8 s.
It thus gains upon the European reckoning and the month Kauni
begins now about 15th September. The era dates probably from
the departure for Arabia of Cheruman Perumal, last of the Chera
kings, whom the Tuhfatu-l-Mujahidin represents as being converted
to Islam about h. 200, leaving his country and retiring to Mekkah.
He has been identified with the 'Abdu-r-Rahman Samiri, king of
Malabar, whose tomb exists at Zafhar in Arabia. According to
the inscription on it, Cheruman arrived there h. 212 (a.d. 827) and
died h. 216 (a.d. 831).— IA. xi, 116.
Y. Sam. 881. Somadeva writes the Yasastilaha, its hero being
Yasodhara, eldest son of Arikesarin, a Chalukya prince. — PR. i, 55.
Rise of the Paramara dynasty of Malava ; founded, on his
conquest of Malava, early in the ninth century a.d., by Krishna
Upendra, a prince belonging probably to a branch of the Paramara
rulers of Achalgadh or Mount Abu. His immediate successors
were Yairisimha I, Siyaka I, Yakpati 1, and Yairisimha II, or
Yajratasvamin, all directly descended one from the other, but about
whom no further details are known. — EI. i, 224. JA., 4e serie,
iii, 354 ff. Forbes, Eds Ma la, 87. Hall's Vasavadatta, 8, 50. IA. i,
316; iii, 89 ; iv, 59, 82, etc. Colebrooke, Mis. Essays, 263 fi\, 416.
Rise of the Early Yadava dynasty of Seunadesa under Dridha-
prahara.
The Early Yadavas, ancestors of the Yadavas of Devagiri, ruled
the district of Seunadesa, a region extending from Nasik to
Devagiri, or Daulatabad, and partly covered by the present Khandesh.
Hemadri's Vratahhanda represents them as migrating thither from
Dvaravatl or Dvaraka, in the reign of Dridhaprahara, their first seat
having been Mathura. Dridhaprahara' s capital is called &rlnagara
in the Vratahhanda and Chandradityapura (possibly the modern
Chandor in the Nasik district) in the Bassein grant of Seuna-
chandra II. — ED., sec. xiv, p. 98, for the dynasty generally.
H. 212. Al-Mamun appoints 'Abdu-llah, son of Tahir, governor
of Khurasan on the death of his brother Talhah, and subsequently
makes him ruler of all Persia, an appointment confirmed by the
a.d. 827—840. 75
Khallfah Al-Mu'tasim B'illah. According to some authorities Sindh
was included in his government. — RT. 13. EHI. i, 448.
H. 213. Bashlr ibn Da'iid, governor of Sindh, revolting, is
subdued by Ghassan ibn 'Ubbad, who appoints Musa ibn Yahya to
succeed him. The Tulifatu-l-KiraM refers Miisa's appointment to
the reign of Harun and makes 'All ibn 'lsa ibn Haman his successor.
—EHI. i, 447.
Nanika said to have overthrown the Parihars of Mahoba and
to have founded the Chandella dynasty. — JBA. 1, pt. i, Hist, of
Bwidelkhand by Y. A. Smith, 7.
S. 757. Baroda copper-plate. Dhruva I, Mrupama, Dhara-
varsha, Rathor, Second Gujarat branch, son and successor of
Karkaraja I. Lost his life in battle, after putting to flight a king
named Yallabha. — IA. xii, 181 ; xiv, 196, or ZDMG. xxxviii, 553.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 408 ff.
H. 221. 'Aniran appointed by Hu'tasim B'illah to succeed his
father Musa ibn Yahya in Sindh. Said to have undertaken various
expeditions against the Jats and the Meds. — EHI. i, 448.
S. 759. The Jay adhavalat ilea, a work on the philosophy of the
Digambara Jains, composed, in the reign of Amoghavarsha I,
Rashtrakuta.— JBRAS. xviii, 226.
Dharmapala of Bengal, son and successor of Gopala I : married
Rannadevi, a Rashtrakuta princess — perhaps a daughter of
Govinda III (a.d. 795-814): stated to have conquered Indraraja
of Mahodaya or Kanauj, and to have given the sovereignty of
Kanauj to Chakrayudha, perhaps Bhoja (a.d. 860-882). There is
a reference to this in the Khalimpur grant, which also represents
him as establishing himself at Pataliputra.
Bhatta Narayana, the grantee of the above copper-plate, was the
author of the Venisamhura. His son Adigai Ojha seems also to have
been patronized by Dharmapala. — IA. xx, 188; xxi, 99, 254.
JBA. lxiii, pt. i, 39 (copper-plate from Khalimpur, Gaur, of the
32nd year).
Ratnakara, or Rajanaka Ratnakara Yagisvara, Kashmirian poet,
author of the Haravijaya and the Vahrokti Panchdsikd, nourished.
76 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
840
841
843
844
850
850
Kalhana {Raj at. v, 34) mentions him as haying become famous
under Avantivarman (855-884 a.d.), but his own statement that
he was servant of the young Brihaspati, i.e. King Chippata Jayapida
(a.d. 779-813), would place him somewhat earlier. He probably
flourished from about a.d. 840-860.
Abhinanda, the Gauda poet, author of the Ramacharita and of
the Kudambarthathusura, probably flourished about this period, his
fourth ancestor, &aktisvamin, having lived under Muktapida of
Kashmir (a.d. 726). Abhinanda was born in Kashmir, but seems
to have lived in Gauda (Bengal). His patron was the Yuvaraja
Haravarsha, son of Yikramaslla of the family of Dharmapala. — Sbhv.,
ed. Peterson, Int. 97. AC. 491. BKR. 42, 43, 45. IA. ii, 102.
V. Sam. 897. Kshemaraja, Chapotkata of Anhilvad, succeeds
Yogaraja: till a.d. 866. Refs. a.d. 746.
Yishnuvardhana V, Kali- Yishnuvardhana, Eastern Chalukya,
succeeds his father Yijayaditya II: reigned 18 months. — IA. xiii,
185 (grant from Ahadanakaram) ; ib. xx, 102.
S. 765. Kanheri cave inscription. Pullasakti or Pulasakti,
Northern Konkana SSilahara, son and successor of Kapardin I,
and feudatory of the Eashtrakiita Amoghavarsha. — I A. xiii, 133,
136, No. 43 B, 137.
Yijayaditya III, Gunaka, Eastern Chalukya, eldest son, succeeds
his father Yishnuvardhana Y : till a.d. 888. The Idara grant of
Amma I says of Yijayaditya that " challenged by the lord of the
Rattas he conquered the unequalled Gahgas ; cut off the head of
Mahgi in battle ; and frightened the firebrand Krishna [probably
Krishna II, Rashtrakuta] and completely burned his city." — IA. xx,
102-3. ASSI. iii, 42.' "
L.K. 26. Ajitapida of Kashmir deposed and Anangaplda
placed on the throne. — Rajat. iv, 703.
Akalavarsha (Subhatunga, Gujarat Rathor, second branch, succeeds
his father Dhruva I. — I A. xii, 179.
Bhatta Kallata, Kashmirian Daiva philosopher, author of the
Spandasarvasva, a commentary on the Spandakarikd of his teacher
Yasugupta, flourished from about a.d. 850-870, being contemporary
with King Avantivarman (a.d. 855-884). Anandavardhana, Kash-
a.d. 850—862. 77
mirian writer on Alankara, author of the Dhvanydloka, Kdvydlolca
or Sahridayaloka, has been assigned to the same period, being
mentioned by Kalhana together with Huktakana and &ivasvamin
as becoming famous under Avantivarman. He may, however, have
to be placed later. Manoratha is mentioned in Abhinavagupta's
Lochana as a contemporary of Anandavardhana.
Rudrata &atananda, son of Bhatta Yamuka and author of the
ICdvydlankdra, probably nourished about this date, since Pratiha-
renduraja (a.d. 950) quotes him as a standard author. He is
identified by most authorities with Rudrabhatta, author of the
Srihgdratilaka. Jacobi, however, considers the two as distinct. —
Sringdratilaka, ed. Pischel, Int. 22. PR. i, 14 ff. ; ii, 19, note.
BKR. 65, 67, 78-9. AC. 528, 530. IA. xv, 287. YOJ. ii, 151 ;
iv, 69. ZDMG. xlii, 296, 425.
Wednesday, Sept. 16th, &. 773, and &. 799. Kanheri cave
inscriptions. Kapardin II, or Laghu, Silahara of the N. Kohkan,
son and successor of Pulasakti and feudatory of Amoghavarsha,
Rashtrakiita. — I A. xiii, 134, No. 15; 135, No. 43a; xx, 421.
FKD., Bomb. Gaz., 405-6.
H. 237. Sulaiman, an Arab merchant, writes an account of his
voyages to India and China, which is incorporated in a later work
by Abu Zaidu-1-Hasan a.d. 916.— EHI. i, 1 ff.
L.K. 29. UtpalapTda placed on the throne of Kashmir instead
of Anahgaplda. — Rdjat. iv, 709.
L.K. 31. Avantivarman, son of Sukhavarman, placed on the
throne of Kashmir. Beginning of the Utpala dynasty. — Rdjat.
iv, 716.
Gunabhadra flourished (a.d. 860-880), being tutor to Krishna II,
Rashtrakiita (a.d. 875-911), and pupil of Jinasena. Wrote the
Uttarapurdna, a continuation of the latter's Adipurdna, also the
Atmdnusdsana. — JBRAS. xviii, 225, etc. BD. 68.
Thursday, Sept. 10th. Y. Sam 919 or &. 784 (Deogadh in-
scription). Bhojadeva, Srimad-Adivaraha, son of Ramabhadra or
Ramadeva, king of Mahodaya or Kanauj. — CASR. x, 101. IA.
xvii, 23; xix, 28; xx, 188. EI. i, 154 (inscriptions from Yailla-
bhattasvamin temple, Gwaliar, of Y. Sam. 932 and 933) ; ib. 184
(Pehoa inscription of Harsha Sam. 276).
78 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
865
866
867
869
870
871
875
H. 251. Ya'qub-i-Lais, Saffari, having slain Amir Salih, the
deputy governor, on the part of Ibrahim son of Al-Husain, takes
possession of Sijistan. — ET. 19, 21.
Sunday, June 16th, &. 788, inscription at &irur, Dharvad.
Devanayya governing the Belvola district at Annigere in the
52nd year of the Eashtrakuta, Amoghavarsha I. — IA. xii, 216 ff.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 405, n. 5.
Y. Sam. 922. Bhfiyada, Chapotkata of Anhilvad, succeeds
Kshemaraja : till a.d. 895. Said to have conquered Dvaravati and
the whole country westward to the sea-coast. Eefs. a.d. 746.
June 6th, &. 789, Bagunira, copper-plate. Dhruva II, Nirupama,
Dharavarsha, Gujarat Eathor, second branch, son and successor of
Akalavarsha Subhatuhga. Claims to have subdued Yallabha, the
Giirjaras (probably the Chavadas of Anhilvad), and a king named
Mihira. This year was probably the last of his reign, as there is
a grant of the same date issued by his brother Dantivarman. —
IA. xii, 179 ff. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 405.
&. 791. Soratur inscription of Ahavaditya of the Adavavamsa
family, feudatory ruler of the Kuppeya-Puligere province under
Amoghavarsha I, Eashtrakuta. — FKD., 1st ed., 35.
&. 792, inscription at Husukuru, Maisur. Eutarasa governing
the Kohgalnad and Punad districts as Yuvaraja under Satyavakya-
Kohguni-varman-Eajamalla-Permanadi, the latter being probably
identical with the Satyavakya-Kohgunivarman-Permanadi of the
Kiggatnad inscription of S. 809. — EEC, Inscriptions in the Mysore
Bist.} pt. i, No. Nj. 75. FKD., Bomb. Gaz., 303.
H. 256. Ya'qiib ibn Lais subdues Bust, Zawulistan, Zamin-i-
Dawar, GhaznT, Tukharistan, and Balkh, after which he marches
towards Kabul. Subsequently he takes Hirat, Badghais, Bushanj
(or Fushanj), Jam, and Bakhurz. — ET. 21, 22.
H. 257. Khalifah Mu'tamid appoints Ya'qub ibn Lais, Saffari,
governor of Sindh, from which date it becomes virtually independent
of the Khilafat. EHI. i, 453.
&. 797. Saundatti inscription, Prithvirama, Eatta, governor of
Saundatti and Belgaum under the Eashtrakuta Krishna II.
a.d. 875—877. 79
Those parts of the Belgaum and Kaladgi districts known as the
province of the Kundi or Kuhundi Three thousand, were ruled for
three and a half centuries under the Rashtrakutas and their suc-
cessors the Chalukyas, by a line of Ratta feudatories, the founder
of which, Prithvlrama son of Merada, was originally, like his
father, a teacher of the Kariya sect of the saint Mailapatirtha.
The Ratta capital was at first Saundatti and later Belgaum. On
the break up of the Chalukya power, about the middle of the
twelfth century, the Rattas seem to have achieved a temporary
independence, which, however, was soon cut short by the growing
power of the Yadavas of Devagiri. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 552, and
JBRAS. x, 170, 194. PSOCI. 88. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 549-58,
and JBRAS. x, 167-298, for the dynasty generally.
H. 261. The Khalifah Mu'tamid appoints Nasr, son of Ahmad,
Samani, his father's successor over the territories of Farghanah,
Kashgar, and Turkistan. Nasr confers Bukhara on his brother
Isma'iL— RT. 29.
Kokkalladeva I, Kalachuri of Chedi. "Was contemporary with
Bhojadeva of Kanauj (a.d. 862-882) ; Krishna II, Rashtrakuta
(a.d. 877), who married his daughter; with Harshadeva, the
Chandella (a.d. 900) ; and with his own son &ahkaragana : married
the Chandella princess Katta.— CASR. ix, 100, 102, 103, 112.
EI. ii, 304.
&. 798. &llahka or Kotyacharya said to have written his com-
mentary— the Tattvuditya — on the Acharahga Sutra. The date
seems, however, doubtful. — SBE. xxii, Int. Ii. IA. xi, 247, n. 14.
PR. iv, Ind. cxx. Weber, Catal. ii, 361.
6. 799-833. Krishna II, Yallabha, Akalavarsha II, Rashtrakuta,
son and successor of Amoghavarsha I, son-in-law of Kokkalla I of
Chedi. The date of Krishna's accession is uncertain. The inscrip-
tion of his feudatory Prithvlrama (q.v.) represents him as reigning
in 8. 797, but, according to a Kanheri inscription, Amoghavarsha
was still king in &. 799. A possible explanation of this lies in
the statement of the Prasnottara-ratnamulikd that Amoghavarsha
abdicated the throne to lead a religious life. Krishna is stated to
have made subject to him the Andhra and Ganga kingdoms as well
as those of Kalihga and Magadha, and to have engaged in contests
with the Gurjaras, Latas, and Gaudas (Deoli grant of Krishna III).
80 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
877
879
880
880
883
Krishna's son Jagattunga died before his father. He had married
Lakshml, a daughter of Ranavigraha son of Kokkalla of Chedi, and
had by her a son, Indra, who succeeded Krishna. — IA. xii, 220
(inscription from Nandwadige, $. 824) ; 222 (inscription from Aihole,
6. 833). PSOCL, No. 213 (undated inscription of his feudatory
Sahkaraganda, Chellaketana). FKD., 1st ed., 36 (inscription from
Adur, 6. 826, of a Chellaketana feudatory). JBRAS. x, 167 and 190
(inscription from Mulgund, S, 824) ; ib. xviii, 241, 250. EI. i, 52
(inscription from Kapadvanaj, 6. 832). BD. 69. FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 410 ff.
Tuesday, October 20th, Y. Sam. 936. Karttika sudi 1st: com-
mencement of the Nepal era.
H. 265. Ya'qub-i-Lais invades 'Iraq but dies on his return,
14th Shauwal (9th June) ; his brother 'TJmro is appointed governor
of Khurasan, Fars, Isfahan, Sijistan, Kirman, and Sindh by Mu'-
tazid, son and successor of Muwaffiq in the eastern dominions of
the Khilafat. From this date the kingdoms of Multan and Mansura
established in Sindh after Ya'qub's appointment as governor, become
independent.— EHI. i, 454. RT. 22, 23, note 9.
Y. Sam. 936. &ripat Rathor said to have ascended the throne of
Kanauj, on which occasion he feasted the eighty-four tribes of
Brahmans and bestowed sixteen villages in Sasan, North Gujarat,
on the sixteen branches of the Chibdia Brahmans. — IA. iii, 41.
H. 267. Birth of Alp-Tigln, freedman of Nasr I, Saniani
(Faslhl).— RT. 40, note 4.
Mukula, Kashmirian writer on Alankara and son of Bhatta
Kallata (a.d. 850), flourished.— BKR. 66.
L.K. 59, Ashadha su. 3. &ahkaravarman of Kashmir, succeeds
Avantivarman : till a.d. 902.
Aided by the king of Darvabhisara, Sankaravarman, shortly after
his accession, subdued Alakhana, ruler of Gurjara (i.e. Gujarat,
between the Jhilam and the Chenab). Alakhana was supported
by Lalliya Sahi, one of the Shahiya kings of Kabul — possibly to be
identified with Kallar or Samanta — whose capital of Udabhandapura
has been identified withWaihand, the capital of Gandhara. — Eajat.
v, 126. Stein, Zur Geschichte der &ahis von Kabul, 6fL
Sighelmas, Bishop of Shirburne, sent by Alfred the Great to
visit the Church of St. Thomas in India. — IA. xiii, 237.
a.d. 888—895. 81
A.D.
888
892
895
H. 275. Isma'il, Samani, defeats his brother Nasr near Bukhara :
a reconciliation takes place between them, Nasr returning to
Samrqand and Isma'il to Bukhara which he agrees to hold as
his brother's lieutenant. — RT. 30.
Monday, April 15th, &. 810, Bagumra copper-plate. Krishna
Akalavarsha of Ankulesvar, according to Hultzsch, a prince of
the 2nd branch of the Rath or dynasty of Gujarat, a successor
of Dhruva II, and possibly the son of his brother Dantivarman.
Krishna Akalavarsha is the latest known of the Gujarat Rathors.
Between &. 810 and 6. 832 Gujarat seems to have been recovered
by the Rashtrakiitas of the main line, under Krishna II. The
Deoli grant describes him as having "put an end to the arrogance
of the lord of Lata," and his Kapadvanaj grant of &. 832 repre-
sents him as sovereign of Gujarat. — IA. xiii, 65 ; xviii, 90. EI.
iii, 54. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 412.
Feb.-March, &. 809, Phalguna, inscription at Kiggatnad, Coorg,
of the 18th year of the Ganga king Satyavakya-Kongunivarman-
Permanadi, thus fixing a.d. 870 as his initial year. — IA. vi, 100 ff.,
No. ii. Coorg Inscrs., p. 5. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 303.
Chalukya-Bhima I, Droharjuna, Eastern Chalukya, nephew and
successor of Yijayaditya III: till a.d. 918. Reconquered YengT,
which had been overrun by the Rashtrakiitas after the reign of
Yijayaditya III, and defeated Krishnavallabha, i.e. Krishna II. —
IA. xx, 103.
H. 279. Nasr I, Samani, is succeeded by his brother Isma'il
whose reign is dated from his assumption of sole sovereignty in
H. 287.— RT. 31.
H. 279. Death of Ahmad ibn Yahya, ibn Jabir Al-BiladurT,
Arab historian and geographer; flourished at the court of the
Khalifah Al-Mutwakkil ; wrote the Futuhu-l-Buldan, the Kitabu-
l-Bulddn, and the Futuhu-s-Sindh.—EKI. i, 113 ff. BOD. 39.
Settlement of Kanauj Brahmans in Bengal according to the
author of the Kdyastha Kaustubha. — JBA. 1865, p. 139. See
Kuyastha Kaustubha (Aufrecht).
Y. Sam. 951. Ylrasimha, Chapotkata of Anhilvad, succeeds
Bhuyada : till a.d. 920.— Refs. a.d. 746.
6. 817, inscription from Tayalur, Maisur. Nolambadhiraja,
Pallava, son of Pallavadhiraja : married Jayabbe, younger sister
6
82 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D
895
897
900
of the Western Ganga Nltiniarga, by whom he had a son,
Mahendradhiraja, probably identical with the Ylra Mahendra who
fought with the Western Ganga Ereyappa between a.d. 930 and
940. — Inscriptions in the Mysore District, pt. 1, Int. 4, and
No. Md. 13. PSOCL, No. 226. RMI. 212. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 332.
Thursday, June 23rd, &. 820 cur., 5th Asvina. Consecration
of Gunabhadra's Uttarapurdna by his pupil Lokasena, during the
reign of Krishna II, Rashtrakuta, and that of his feudatory
Lokaditya, of the Chellapataka or Chellaketana dynasty, then
ruling the Banavasi province at Yahkapura (Bahkapur). — BD. 69.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 407, 411.
Harshadeva, Chandella, son and successor of Eahila. Was
contemporary with Kshitipala of Kanauj (a.d. 917): married
Kaiichhuka of the Chahamana tribe. — Undated inscription from
Khajuraho, EI. i, 121 ; ib. 171. CASE, ii, 451.
Mugdhatuhga-Prasiddhadhavala, Kalachuri of Chedi, son and
successor of Kokkalla I. " Conquered the lines of country by the
shore of the eastern sea and took Pali from the lord of Kosala"
(Bilhari inscription).— EI. i, 264-5 ; ii, 304.
Parantaka I, Yiranarayana or Madirai-konda Ko-Parakesari-
varman, Chola, probably began to reign about this date. He is
said to have covered the Saiva temple at Yyaghragrahara with gold,
to have married the daughter of the king of Kerala, and to have
conquered the Bana king Yaitumba, the king of Lanka (Ceylon),
possibly Kassapa Y, and Rajasimha, Pandya. He reigned forty years.
To the same period belongs the Ganga king Prithivipati II or
Hastimalla, a feudatory of Parantaka, who seems from the evidence
of the Udayendiram plates, to have conquered the Bana kingdom
and appointed Prithivipati its feudatory ruler. — EI. iii, 142-7, 280;
iv, 178, 221. ASSI. iii, 111 ff. (Nos. 82, 83); iv, 375 ff. (No. 76).
MCCM. viii, 104. Hultzsch, Annual Report 1894-5, No. 232 of
1894.
The poet Rajasekhara, author of the Balaramayana, the Bclla-
bhdrata, the ViddhasCdabhanjiM, and the Ifarpuramanfari, nourished
under Mahendrapala (a.d. 903-7) and his son Mahipala (a.d. 917)
of Kanauj.— IA. xvi, 175 ff. EI. i, 170-1.
Somananda, Kashmirian Saiva philosopher, flourished; author
of the Sivadrishti. Was apparently the first promulgator of the
Pratyabijfia system of Saiva philosophy. — BKR. 81, 82.
a.d. 902—906.
83
A.D.
902
903
904
905
906
L.K. 77, Phalguna vadi 7. Gopalavarman of Kashmir succeeds
&ahkaravarman : till a.d. 904. — Rdjat. v, 222.
To this period belongs Kamalu, Hindu king of Kabul. The
Rdjataranginl states that Gopalavarman' s minister, Prabhakaradeva,
having deposed the rebellious Sahi ruler of Udabhandapura, gave
his kingdom to Toramana, son of Lalliya, with the name of
Kamaluka, and the Jamllu-l-Hihdyat describes Kamalu as a con-
temporary of 'Amru ibn Lais, governor of Khurasan, a.d. 878-901.
Kamalu' s predecessor, Saniantadeva, must, therefore, be placed
considerably earlier than a.d. 920, the date to which Cunningham
assigned him. — Stein, Zur Geschichte der Sdhis von Kabul, p. 8.
See also EHI. ii, 172, 423; Sachau, Alberuni's India, ii, 13; and
under &ahkaravarman, a.d. 883. CASE,, v, 45, 82; xvi, 136.
&. 824. Pampa or Hampa, the Karnataka poet, born. See
a.d. 941.
V. Sam. 960 and 964 on Siyadonl inscription. Mahendrapala,
Mrbhayamahendra or Mahishapala of Kanauj, son and successor
of Bhoja: was a pupil of the poet Rajasekhara. — EI. i, 162 ff,
Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen, 1883, 1221. IA. xvi, 175 ff.
Saturday, July 16th, Y. Sam. 960, inscription from Terahi :
a battle takes place on the Madhuveni, or the stream Madhu,
between the Mahdsdmantddhipatis Gunaraja and Undabhata, the
latter a feudatory of Mahendrapala of Kanauj, in which Chan-
diyana, a follower of Gunaraja, is killed. A grant of Undabhata
is recorded in the Siyadonl inscription under Sam. 964. — IA.
xvii, 201.
L.K. 79. Gopalavarman of Kashmir killed on an expedition
against Urasa (Hazara), by Abhichara ; succeeded by his alleged
brother Sahkata who dies ten days later. Sugandha, Gopala-
varman's mother, takes the throne. — Rdjat. v, 240.
Y. Sam. 962. Amritachandrasuri nourished (according to a
Digambara pattdvall) ; author of the Samayasdratikd, Pravachana-
sdratikd, Tattvdrthasdra, etc. — PR. iv, Ind. p. ix.
L.K. 81. Sugandha of Kashmir dethroned; Partha set up by
Tantrin troops. — Rdjat. v, 249.
Thursday, 1st May, Y. Sam. 962. The Upamitdbhavaprapanc'hd
Kathl composed by Siddharshi. According to the Prabhdvaka-
charitra of the Jains, Siddharshi was the grandson of Suprabhadeva
84 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
AD.
906
907
909
910
912
914
who had two sons, Datta and &ubhahkara, the latter Siddha's
father. The same authority makes him a cousin of the poet
Magha, who in his Sisupdlavadha calls himself a son of Dattaka
and grandson of Suprabhadeva. The period of Magna' s activity-
would, however, fall considerably earlier, possibly about a.d. 860.
But even this date is difficult to reconcile with those of the various
authors who are said to quote from him ; while Jacobi inclines to
place him before Bana and Subandhu. — YOJ. iii, 121 ff. ; iv, 61 ff.
Prahhdvahacharitra, &rihga xiv, verses 3 and 156. PR. iv, Ind.
24th November, H. 295, 14th Safar. Isma'il, Samani, dies and
is succeeded by his son Abu Nasr-i- Ahmad. — RT. 33.
&. 831, inscription at Kiilagere, Maisiir, of Nitimarga-Kohguni-
varman-Permanadi. — REC, Inscriptions in the Mysore District,
pt. 1, No. Ml. 30. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 303-4.
&. 832. Kapadvanaj copper-plate of Prachanda, son of Dhava-
lappa, of the Brahmavaka family, feudatory ruler of a part of
Gujarat under Krishna II, Rashtrakuta. — EI. i, 52.
H. 300. Death of Abu'l Qasim 'TJbaidu-llah ibn Ahmad ibn
Khurdadbhih, author and geographer, privy councillor to the
Khalifah Mu'tamid. His work, The Booh of Roads and Kingdoms,
embodies a description of India.— EHI. i, 12. BOD. 218.
L.K. 90, Yaisakha. Sugandha of Kashmir marches against
&rinagar to reconquer her throne; is defeated and executed in
a vihara. — Rujat. v, 261.
Friday, 23rd December, &. 836, Pausha sudi 4. Grant from
Haddala. Dharanivaraha, Chapa chief of Yardhamana (Yadhvan)
in Eastern Kathiavad, brother and successor of Dhruvabhata,
whose immediate predecessors were : — his father, Pulakesin, grand-
father Addaka, and great-grandfather, Yikramarka who may be
placed about a.d. 800. Dharanivaraha was the vassal of MahTpala,
probably a prince of the Chudasania dynasty of Junagadh. — IA.
xii, 190 fi\; xviii, 90.
H. 302. Mansiir, son of Is-haq, rebels in Khurasan and
Nishapur against his cousin Nasr II, Samani, and is joined by
Husain 'All, governor of Hirat. Hamawiyah, Nasr's general-in-
chief, marches from Bukhara against them, but, Mansiir dying in
a.d. 914—918. 85
A.D.
914
915
916
917
918
the interval, Husain 'All returns to Hirat, but remains in revolt
until after several conflicts he is subsequently taken prisoner. —
RT. 36.
February 24th, &. 836, Nausari copper-plate. Indra III,
Nityavarsha, Rashtrakuta, succeeds his grandfather, Krishna II,
his father Jagattuhga having previously died. Married Vijamba,
daughter of Anganadeva, son of Arjuna of Chedi. — JBRAS. xviii,
253, 257, 261. IA. xii, 224 (Hatti-Mattur inscription, S. 838).
Trivikramabhatta, son of Nemaditya, and author of the Dama-
yantlkathd, flourished under Indra III, being the author of
his Nausari grants. Trivikrama is possibly identical with the
Trivikrama mentioned as the sixth ancestor of the astronomer
Bhaskara and father of Bhaskarabhatta, a contemporary of Bhoja
of Dhara. The authorship of a Maddlasdehampu is also ascribed
to him.— Weber, Catal. ii, 1205. EI. i, 340.
V. Sam. 973. Yidagdha, Rashtrakuta chief of Hastikundi, son
and successor of Harivarman. — See under Dhavala, a.d. 997.
S. 838, Hatti-Mattur inscription. Lendeyarasa, feudatory ruler
of the Puligere district in Dharvad under Indra III, Rashtrakuta.
— IA. xii, 224.
H. 303. Abu Zaidu-1-Hasan of Siraf flourishes, being met in
this year at Basra by Mas'udi. He enlarged and completed the
Salsilatu-t- Tawurllch of the Arab merchant Sulaiman (a.d. 851). —
EHI. i, 2.
Y. Sam. 974 on Asm inscription. Mahipala, Kshitipala, or
Herambapala of Kanauj, son and successor of Mahendrapala :
patron of the poet Rajasekhara.— IA. xvi, 173, 175. EI. i, 171.
L.K. 93. Great famine in Kashmir. — Rajat. v, 271.
Yijayaditya IY, Kollabiganda, Eastern Chalukya, succeeds his
father, Chalukya-Bhlma I, and is himself succeeded, after a reign
of six months, by his eldest son, Amma I, or Yishnuvardhana VI,
who reigns till a.d. 925. Vijayaditya married Melamba. Among
his followers was Bhandanaditya, or Kuntaditya, whose ancestor,
Kalakampa of the Pattavardhini family was a contemporary
of Yishnuvardhana I. — IA. viii, 76 (grant of Amma, from
Masulipatam) ; ib. xx, 103, 266. ASSI. iii, 36 if. (grant of
Amma, from Idara, i.e. Ideru, Kistna district).
86 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
918
920
920
921
923
925
925
December 23rd, 6. 840. Dandapur inscription. Govinda IV,
Suvarnavarsha I, Yallabhanarendra II, Prabhiitavarsha II, etc.,
Rashtrakuta, succeeds bis fatber, Indra III. Govinda's elder
brotber, Amoghavarsha (II), is said to bave died immediately
after bis father. He probably, therefore, did not reign at all,
or, if so, only for a very short time. Govinda's latest known date
is &. 855 = a.d. 933.— IA. xii, 222; ib. 247 ff. (Sangli copper-
plate, S. 855); ib. 249 (inscription, &. 851 for 852, from Kalas,
Bahkapur Taluka). JBRAS. xviii, 241, 242. BD. 72. FKD.,
Rom. Gaz., 416.
Y. Sam. 976. Ratnaditya, Cbapotkata of Anhilvad, succeeds
Yirasimha : till a.d. 935. — See a.d. 746.
Ayyana, Chalukya, son of Bhlma, reigning. He married a
daughter of Krishna III, Rashtrakuta (a.d. 877-911), and was the
father of Yikramaditya whose son Tailapa established the later
Chalukya dynasty in a.d. 973.— IA. xvi, 18. EI. ii, 171. BD. 97.
L.K. 97, Pausha. Partha of Kashmir dethroned; his father
Nirjitavarman, called "Pangu," set on the throne. — Raj at. v, 287.
H. 309. Abu-1-Hasan-i-Nasr, son of Ahmad, SamanI, appoints
Ahmad of the Saflariun family governor of Sijistan. — RT. 185.
L.K. 98, Magna. Chakravarman succeeds Nirjitavarman of
Kashmir. — Raj at. v, 288.
Yijayaditya Y, Beta, Eastern Chalukya, eldest son, succeeds
his father Amma, but is deposed, after a fortnight's reign, by
Tadapa, son of Yuddhamalla.
Tadapa, after reigning a month, was conquered, and, according
to some accounts, slain by Yikramaditya II, a son of Chalukya-
Bhima I, and younger brother of Yijayaditya IV, who reigned
eleven months. According to an inscription from Pittapuram,
and a grant from the Godavari district, Vijayaditya founded
a separate line of Chalukya rulers, whose descendants, some
centuries later, again held the Yehgl country. — IA. xx, 267-9.
ASSI. ii, 9, No. 77.
Yasovarman, Lakshavarman, Chandella, son and successor of
Harshadeva: married Puppa. Erected a temple to Vaikuntha
a.d. 925—931. 87
A.D.
925
926
927
930
931
(Vishnu) and placed there an image of the god which, obtained
originally from Kailasa by the lord of Bhota (Tibet), had passed
from Siihi, king of Kira, to Herambapala, and finally to his son
Devapala of Kanauj (a.d. 948) by whom it was given to
Yasovarman. Yasovarman is represented as warring successfully
against the "Gaudas, Khasas, Kosalas, Kasmiras, Mithilas, Malavas,
Chedis, Kurus, and Gurjaras," and as having defeated the king
of Chedi and conquered the Kalanjara Mountain (Khajuraho
inscription of Sam. 1011, apparently engraved after his death). —
EI. i, 122 ff. CASH, ii, 451.
Keyuravarsha-Yuvarajadeva I, Kalachuri of Chedi, succeeds his
brother Balaharsha : married Nohala, daughter of the Chaulukya
Avanivarman. — CASE, ix, 100, 112. EI. ii, 304, etc.
Vallabhadeva, the commentator, probably lived about this time.
He was the son of Anandadeva, and grandfather of Kayyata, who
wrote, in a.d. 977 (q v.), a commentary on Anandavardhana's
Devisataka. Vallabhadeva wrote, among other works, the Kumdra-
samlhavatlkd, the Meghadutatikd, and the Raghuvamsapaiijikd. —
AC. 555. See PR. i, 13. BE. 1883-4, p. 54. Sbhv., ed. Peterson,
Int. 114. Kdvyamdld, i, 101, n. 4. Weber, Catal. ii, 1204.
Bhima III, Eastern Chalukya, son of Amma I and younger
brother of Vijayaditya V, conquers Vikramaditya II, and reigns
eight months.
Yuddhamalla II, Eastern Chalukya, son of Tadapa, described in
some records as his immediate successor, in others as the slayer
and successor of Bhima III : till a.d. 934. — IA. xx, 269.
Utpala, Kashmirian Saiva philosopher, son of Udayakara and
pupil of Somananda, flourished. Wrote the Pratyabhijndsutra, the
Ajadapramdtrisiddhi, and the Paramesastotrdvali. To the same
period belongs Bhattanarayana, author of the Stavachintdmani. —
BKE. 81, 82.
H. 319. Abu Zakrla-i-Yahya, son of Ahmad, son of Isma'il,
Samani, ousts Shabasi who had seized Hirat, and leaving Qara-
Tigin, a slave of Abu Ibrahim, Samani, in possession, departs for
Samrqand. Amir Nasr arriving the following day, reinstates
Simjur and pursues Zakria by way of Karukh. — ET. 37, notes.
88 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
938
934
935
936
L.K. 9. Siiravarman set up by Tantrins in place of Chakra-
varman of Kashmir. — Rajat. v, 292.
H. 321. Mansur, son of 'All, appointed governor of Hirat. —
RT. 37, notes.
L.K. 10. Suravarman of Kashmir dethroned; Partha restored.
—Rajat. v, 295.
H. 322. Alp-Tigln, Turkish slave of the Samani dynasty,
takes Ghazni; Abu 'AlI-i-LawIk, the governor, flees. — RT. 71.
JBA. lv, pt. 1, 118.
Chalukya-Bhima II, Vishriuvardhana VII, son of Vijayaditya IV
and younger brother of Amma I, conquers and deposes Yuddha-
malla II : reigns till a.d. 945. Married Lokamahadevl. Said to
have slain Rajamayya, Dhalaga or Valaga, Tatabikki, Bijja,
Ayyapa (perhaps the Ayyapadeva of the Begur inscription of the
Western Gahga king Ereyapparasa), and a great army sent by
King Govinda V (the Rashtrakiita). His Kolavennu grant was
issued at the request of the Panara prince Vajjaya. — I A. xiii, 213
(grant from Paganavaram) ; ib. xx, 269. ASSI. iii, 43 (grant
from Kolavennu, Kistna district). Unpublished grant apparently
from Masulipatam.
Baddiga or Vaddiga, Amoghavarsha III, Rashtrakiita, succeeds
his nephew Govinda IV. The Deoli grant of Krishna III repre-
sents Govinda IV as falling into evil ways and dying an early
death, upon which the feudatory chieftains begged Amoghavarsha
to become king. Amoghavarsha married Kundakadevi, a daughter
of Yuvaraja I of Chedi. A daughter of Amoghavarsha married
the "Western Gahga prince Satyavakya-Kohgunivarman-Permanadi
Butuga (q.v., a.d. 949).— JBRAS. xviii, 242.
L.K. 11, Ashadha. Partha of Kashmir again dethroned ; Chakra-
varman restored. — Rajat. v, 297.
V. Sam. 991. Samantasimha, Chapotkata of Anhilvad, succeeds
Ratnaditya : till a.d. 942. See a.d. 746.
L.K. 12. Chakravarman of Kashmir having abandoned the
capital, Sambhuvardhana, a minister, usurps the throne. Chakra-
varman defeats the latter, Chaitra sudi 8, and, regaining the throne,
puts him to death. — Rajat. v, 302, 328.
H. 324. Muhammad, son of Hasan, son of Is-haq, succeeds
Mansur, son of 'All, as governor of Hirat. Soon after in the same
a.d. 936—941. 89
year Abu-1- 'Abbas, Muhammad, son of Al-Jarrah, marching against
Hirat, captures Muhammad, son of Hasan, and sends him to
Balka-Tigln at Jurjan. — KT. 37, notes.
L.K. 13, Jyeshtha sudi 8. Chakravarman of Kashmir killed;
Unmattavanti crowned. — Raj at. v, 413.
H. 326. Amir Nasr II, SamanI, appoints Muhammad, son of
Muhammad Al-Jihani, wazir. — RT. 37, notes.
L.K. 15, Ashadha. Suravarman II of Kashmir, last of the
Utpala dynasty, succeeds Unmattavanti, but is deposed a few days
later, when Yasaskaradeva, a Brahman, is placed on the throne. —
Bujat. v, 448-9.
V. Sam. 996. Mammata, Rashtrakuta chief of Hastikundi, son
and successor of Yidagdha. — See under Dhavala, a.d. 997.
&. 862-881 . Krishna III, Akalavarsha II, Mrupama II, Rashtra-
kuta, son and successor of Baddiga-Amoghavarsha III. Assisted
his father in the government, and during his lifetime subjugated
Dantiga (probably the king of Kanchi) and Bappuka ; subdued
Rachhyamalla and placed Bhiitarya (a.d. 949) on the Gahga
throne (Deoli grant) ; reigned at least twenty-six years. — JBRAS.
xviii, 239 ff. (Deoli copper-plate, £. 862 exp.). IA. xii, 257
(Soratur inscription, £. 873). EI. ii, 167 ^Atakur inscription,
B. 872); iv, 58 (Salotgi inscription, S. 867); ib. 81 (Yelur
inscription of twenty-sixth year). EKD., Bom. Gaz., 418 ff.
BD. 73.
Rajaditya, Chola, begins to reign ; fourth member of the dynasty,
his ancestors being his father Parantaka I, grandfather Aditya I,
and great-grandfather Yi jay alay a. — ASSI. iii, 112. MGO., August
6th, 1892, No. 544.
Y. Sam. 998. Mularaja I, son of Raji of Kalyana (probably
Kanauj), conquers Gujarat and founds there the Chaulukya
or Solahki dynasty of Anhilvad : reigns till a.d. 996. The direct
descendants of Mularaja ruled Gujarat until Y. Sam. 1299, a.d. 1243.
— IA. vi, 182 ff. and 213. Inscriptions, copper-plate of Y. Sam.
1043; ib. 191 ff. YOJ. v, 300.
90 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
941
942
943
9If3
944
945
$. 863. The poet Hampa or Pampa, of Karnata, writes the
Adipuruna and the Vihramarjuna Vijaya or Pampa Bhurata at
Puligere, i.e. Lakshmesvar, in the Dharvad country, under
Arikesarin II, Chalukya feudatory of the Rathor dynasty. —
JRAS., n.s., xiv, 19. See a.d. 902.
H. 331. Muhammad Abu-1-Q,asim ibn Hauqal, the geographer,
leaves Baghdad to visit India. Was at Mansuriyah in a.d. 961,
and returned to Baghdad in a.d. 968. "Wrote the Ashhalu-l-Bilad
in a.d. 977, describing the countries he had visited. — EHI. i, 31 if.
and 455 ; ii, 412.
Ibn Muhalhal, the historian, having accompanied the Chinese
ambassador to the court of Nasr ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il, Samani,
at Bukhara, is supposed to have visited Chaul or Saimur, in the
Northern Konkan, about this date. — JBRAS. xii, 56. EHI. i, 95.
March, H. 331, Rajab. Death of Abu-1-Hasan-i-Nasr (II),
Samani (Tabaqat-i-Nasiri). Other accounts represent Nasr as
being slain by his own slaves, 12th Ram. 330, some say 331.
His son Niih I succeeds him. — RT. 37.
H. 331. Qara-Tigm removed from the government of Hirat,
and succeeded by Ibrahim, son of Simjur. — RT. 38, n. 6.
H. 331. Khalaf succeeds his father Ahmad-i-Saffar as ruler
of Sijistan.— RT. 185.
H. 332. 'Abdu-llah, son of Ashkan Khwarizm Shah, rebels
against Niih I, Samani, but is subdued. — RT. 38, n. 6.
H. 332. Ibrahim, son of Simjur, sends Abu-l-Eazl-i-'Aziz, son
of Muhammad the Sijizi, as his deputy, to Hirat. — RT. 38, n. 6.
Tuesday, 9th September, S. 867, Salotgi inscription of the
Rashtrakiita Krishna III. — EI. iv, 58.
Friday, 5th December, &. 867. Coronation of the Eastern
Chalukya Amma II or Yijayaditya VI, son and successor of
Chalukya-Bhima II. Married a daughter of Prince Kama and
his wife Nayamamba. Ballaladeva-Velabhata or Boddiya, son of
Pammava of the Pattavardhini family, was one of his feudatories.
— I A. vii, 15 ; viii, 73 (grant from Masulipatam) ; ib. xii, 91 (grant
from Yelivarru, Kistna district) ; ib. xiii, 248 ; xx, 270. ASSI.
iii, 46 (grant from Masulipatam).
a.d. 945—950. 91
5. 867. Inscriptions at Kyasanur of Kali-Yitta, Chellaketana,
feudatory governor of Banavasi under Krishna III, Rashtrakuta.
— EKD., 1st ed., p. 37.
L.K. 24, Bhadra vadi 3. Sangramadeva of Kashmir succeeds
his father Yasaskaradeva. — Rajat. vi, 114.
V. Saih. 1005 on Slyadoni inscription. Devapala of Kanauj,
son and successor of Mahlpala or Kshitipala: probably identical
with the Devapala mentioned in the Khajuraho inscription of
Y. Sam. 1011.— EI. i, 122 ff. and 162 ff. (Slyadoni inscription).
Rajaditya, Chola, son of Parantaka I, killed about this date
in battle with Krishna III, Rashtrakuta (a.d. 940-959), by
Butuga, feudatory of the latter. His brother, Gandaraditya,
succeeds him. — ASSI. iii. 112. See also a.d. 949.
L.K. 24, Phalguna vadi 10. Parvagupta, a minister, kills San-
gramadeva of Kashmir and ascends the throne. — Rajat. vi, 129.
6. 872, Atakur inscription. Satyavakya-Kohgunivarman-Per-
manadi Butuga, or Butayya, Gahga feudatory of Krishna III,
Rashtrakuta. Described as ruling the Gangavadi Mnety-six-
thousand, in consequence of having slain Rachamalla, son of
Ereyappa. According to an inscription at Hebbal, Dharvad,
Butuga married, between a.d. 911 and 940, a daughter of the
Rashtrakuta king Amoghavarsha-Yaddiga, with whom he received
as dowry the Puligere, Belvola, Kisukad, and Bagenad districts.
Krishna III confirmed him in the possession of these, adding
the district of Banavasi, as a reward for his having slain the Chola
king Rajaditya.
Ereyappa is the Ganga king of that name, of whom there is
an undated stone inscription from Begiir, Maisur.
The Atakur inscription mentions a follower of Butuga named
Manalarata, of the Sagara lineage, as "lord of YalabhI." — EI.
i, 346 (Begur inscription); ih. ii, 167 ff. (Atakur inscription).
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 304-5, 332. IA. xii, 270 (inscription at Hebbal,
Lakshmesvar, &. 896). Inscriptions at &ravana Belgola, Int. 18, 19.
L.K. 26, Ashadha vadi 13. Kshemagupta of Kashmir succeeds
his father Parvagupta : till a.d. 958. Married Didda, daughter of
Simharaja, prince of Lohara, and maternal granddaughter of the
&ahi Bhima (I), whose erection of a temple in Kashmir during
Kshemagupta' s reign proves him to have been ruling at least in
a.d. 950. — Rajat. vi, 148. Refs. a.d. 902.
92 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
950
951
953
954
955
Lakshmanarajadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi, son and successor of
Yuvaraja I : married Rahada. The Bilhari inscription records his
defeat of the lord of Kosala, and his expedition to " the very pleasant
western region," during which he worshipped the god Somes vara
in Gujarat. His daughter Bonthadevi was the mother of the Western
Chalukya Tailapa II (a.d. 973-997).— EI. ii, 174 (undated in-
scription from Kantalai) ; ib. 304.
&ri-Harshadeva, Slyaka II or Simhabhata, Paramara of Malava,
son and successor of Yairisimha II: married Yadaja; conquered
the lord of Radiipati and a king of the Kshatriya Hunas (JVava-
sahasanhacharita). "Took in battle the wealth of [the Rashtra-
kuta] king Khottiga" (Udepur Prasasti). Dhanapala's allusion,
in his Paiyalachchhl (Y.S. 1029), to the plunder of Manyakheta
by the lord of Malava probably refers to this conflict. — EI. i, 225.
Shhharaja, Chahamana, son and successor of Yakpati I, reigning
probably about this date. He is stated to have subdued, amongst
others, a Tomara chief who was apparently allied with a certain
Lavana ; and probably met with a violent end at his enemies'
hands.— EI. ii, 116 ff. YOJ. vii, 188 fi\ JBA. lv, pt. i, 30.
Lakshmanagupta, Kashmirian Saiva philosopher, pupil of Utpala
and Bhattanarayana, flourished. — BKR. 81, 82.
H. SIfO. Shaikh Abu Is-haq al Istakhri writes his Kitahu-l-
AMlim, describing his travels in various Muhammadan countries. —
EHI. i, 26.
Y. Sam. 1010, Udepur inscription. Allata, Guhila Rana of
Mevad, son and successor of Khumana or Shummana. — BI. 67.
H. 343. Abii-l-Fawaris-i-'Abdu-l-Malik, Samani, succeeds his
father Nuh I.— RT. 40.
An embassy from Southern India, sent by Po-lo-hoa, visits
China in the reign of the emperor Chi-tsung (a.d. 954-960). —
Pauthier, JA., 3e serie, viii, 293.
Monday, April 2nd, Y. Sam. 1011, Khajuraho inscription.
Dhanga or Dhangadeva, Chandella, son and successor of Yaso-
varman. In his reign "the Chandella kingdom extended from the
Yamuna in the north to the frontiers of the Chedi kingdom in
the south, and from Kalanjara in the east or north-east to Gopadri
a.d. 955—960. 93
[Gwaliar] in the north-west" (Khajuraho inscription of Yago-
varman). He erected a temple to Sambhu (&iva). Died between
a.d. 998 and 1002. The Mahoba inscription represents him as
equalling Hamvira or Hammlra, either Sabuk-Tigin (a.d. 977-997)
or Mahmud of Ghazni. He may have been the king of Kalanjara
who, according to Firishtah, aided Jayapala of Lahor on his second
defeat by Sabuk-Tigin. — EI. i, 135; 137 (Khajuraho inscription,
Y. Sam. 1059) ; ib. 218. IA. xvi, 201 (copper-plate, Y. Sam. 1055).
BF. i, 18.
Y. Sam. 1013, inscription from Suhaniya, Gwaliar, of Mahendra-
chandra, son of Madhava, possibly a king of Gwaliar, though his
name appears without the usual regal titles. — JBA. xxxi, 399.
H. 345. Al-Mas'udi, the historian, dies in Egypt. He was
a native of Baghdad who visited India, Ceylon, and the coast of
China about a.d. 915, embodying his experiences in his work
Muruju-l-Zahab {Meadows of Gold) completed H. 332 (a.d. 943). —
EHI. i, 18. BOD. 246.
H. 346. 'Abdu-1-Malik, Samani, appoints Alp-Tigm governor
of Hirat in place of Abu Mansiir, son of 'Abdu-r-Razzaq, who
had retired. Alp-Tigin sends Abu Is-haq-i-Tahiri as his deputy
to Hirat, but the latter being seized, bound, and removed, is
succeeded as deputy by Husain, son of Ribal. — RT. 40, n. 4 ;
ib. 71. JBA. lv, pt. i, 118.
L.K. 34, Pausha sudi 9. Abhimanyu of Kashmir succeeds his
father Kshemagupta, under the guardianship of his mother Queen
Didda. — Rdjat. vi, 187.
H. 348 (Fasihi), according to others H. 351. Death of 'Abdu-1-
Malik, Samani. His brother Abu Salih-i-Mansur (I) succeeds him. —
RT. 41.
S. 881. Somadeva, the Jaina poet, writes the Yasastilaka in
the reign of Krishna III, Rashtrakiita and his feudatory, the
son of the Chalukya prince Arikesarin II (a.d. 941). — PR. ii,
33-49.
Saturday, 14th January, Y. Sam. 1016, Raj or inscription of
Yijayapaladeva, king of Kanauj, and of his feudatory Mathanadeva
94 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA,
960
960
961
962
963
of the Gurjarapratlhara line, the successor of Savata. Yijayapala-
deva was the son of Kshitipala of Kanauj who, according to the
Siyadoni inscription, was succeeded by Devapala. This Devapala
may therefore be identical with Yijayapala or he may be his brother.
—EI. iii, 263 ff.
Ramakantha, Kashmirian, author of the Tippana on the Spanda-
sarvasva, flourished in the latter half of the tenth century, being
a pupil of Utpaladeva. — EKE. 79.
H. 350. Abu-l-Hasan-i-Simjiir made governor of Hirat. — RT.
41, notes.
H. 351. Mansiir I, Samani, sends an army against Alp-Tigln,
who had incurred his displeasure, but the latter defeats it and
seizes GhaznI. Mansiir sends another force against him, but,
on its defeat, gives up the struggle. — RT. 43, n. 4. PMH. ii,
243. EIH. 319. JBA. lv, pt. i, 118. See PMD., 285-9.
H. 351. Abu-1-Hasan-i-Simjur appointed Sahibu-1-Jaish (com-
mander-in-chief), proceeds to Nishapur, and is succeeded at Hirat
by Abu-1-Hasan, son of 'Umro, Faryabl. Four months later he
gives place to Talhah, son of Muhammad, Nisa'I. — RT. 71, n. 5.
H. 352. Is-haq succeeds, on the death of his father Alp-Tigln,
to the government of GhaznI. — JBA. lv, pt. i, 118. RT. 71.
(&. 890. Inscription at Karya, Maisiir, of fifth year.) Satyavakya-
Kongunivarman - Permanadi - Marasimha, Gahga, son of Butuga,
succeeds his half-brother Rachchagahga (?). Apparently identical
with the Mfimsimha-Permddi, news of whose death, according to
an inscription at Melagani, reached the Pallava king Pallavaditya-
Nolambadhiraja in or just before Ashadha (June-July), a.d. 974.
Marasimha governed the Gahgavadi, Puligere, and Belvola districts
under the Rashtrakutas Khottiga and Kakka II, and at one time
ruled also the Banavasi, Nolambavadi, and Santalige districts.
An inscription at &ravana Belgola describes him as being sent
on an expedition to Gujarat by Krishna III, as conquering the
Pallavas of Nolambavadi, and as gaining victories at Manyakheta,
Gonur, UchchangT, etc. It also attributes to him an attempt to
restore the Rashtrakuta sovereignty after its overthrow by Taila II,
by crowning Indra IY in a.d. 973. — IA. vii, 101 (inscription at
a.d. 963—970. 95
Lakshmesvar, Dharvad, £. 890); ib. xii, 255 (inscription at
Adaragufichi, Dharvad, &. 893) ; ib. 270-1 (inscription at Gundur,
Dharvad, &. 896). REC, Inscriptions in the Mysore District, pt. 1,
No. Nj. 158 (inscription at Nagarle, Maisur, &. 892); «o. 192
(inscription at Karya, Maisur, &. 890). EKD., .Bom. £02., 305 ff.
H. 353. Khalaf, ruler of Sijistan, makes a pilgrimage to Mekkah,
leaving his son-in-law Tahir deputy- governor in his absence. On
Khalaf' s return Tahir refused to surrender the government, but
was eventually forced to do so by Mansiir I, son of Niih, Samani,
to whom Khalaf appealed. — RT. 185.
H. 353. Is-haq, son of Alp-Tigm, attacked by Lawik, retires
with his father's slave Sabuk-Tigm from Ghazni to Bukhara,
where he is formally invested by Mansiir I, Samani, with the
government of that province. — RT. 72. JBA. lv, pt. i, 118.
H. 354. Is-haq returns to Ghazni, and ousts Lawik, who
.— RT. 72, 186. JBA. lv, pt. i, 118.
Rise of the Kalachakra system of Buddhism in Northern India,
Kashmir, and Nepal. — Csoma, Grammar, p. 192.
H. 355. Balka-Tigln, slave of Alp-Tigln, appointed governor
of Ghazni on the death of Is-haq, by NQh II, Samani. — RT. 72.
6. 888. Utpala or Bhattotpala, the astronomer, writes the
Jagachchandrika, a commentary on Yamh&mih.ir&'s Itrihajjata/cam. —
Ganakatarahgini, ed. Sudhakara, The Pandit, n.s., xiv, 61. AC,
p. 64. AOC. 329^. JRAS., n.s., i, 410.
V. Sam. 1024. Jinesvara, pupil of Yardhamana, founds the
Kharatara sect of the Jains. Dharmasagara, however, attributes
its origin to Jinadattacharya in V. Sam. 1204.— BR., 1883-4,
144, 148.
Y. Sam. 1024, 1039. Lakshmanaraj a reigning. Said to be the
founder of the Nadole branch of the Chohans or Chahamanas. —
JBRAS. xix, 26 ff.
November 13th, H. 360, 10th Muharram (Faslhl), 10th Mu-
harram 361 (Tabaqat-i-Nasirl), 9th Muharram 357 (Eirishtah).
96 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
970
970
971
972
973
Birth of Mahmud (of Ghaznl) son of Sabuk-Tigm.— RT. 44, 76.
BF. i, 33. EHI. ii, 269.
Danarnava, Eastern Chalukya, succeeds his younger half-brother
Amma II : till a.d. 973.
According to Chalukya records a period of anarchy, due probably
to Chola invasions, followed on Danarnava' s death. It lasted about
thirty years (a.d. 973-1003), during which period Yengi was
without a ruler. — I A. xx, 272.
^ankaraganadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi, succeeds his father Laksh-
manaraja. — EI. ii, 302-4.
The poet Induraja probably nourished about this time. Abhi-
navagupta (a.d. 993 to 1015) mentions him as his teacher in his
^z&a.— PR. iv, Ind. xii. BKR. 66.
Sunday, October 22nd, &. 893, inscription from Adaragunchi,
Dharvad. Khotika or Khottiga, Nityavarsha, Rashtrakiita, brother
and successor of Krishna III ; and his feudatory Permanadi-Mara-
simha the Gahga, governor of the Gangavadi, Puligere, and the
Belvala or Belvola districts.— I A. xii, 255. BD. 73^4. FKD.,
Bom. Ga%., 422.
L.K. 48, Kart. sudi 3. Abhimanyu of Kashmir dies, and is
succeeded by his infant son Kandigupta, Didda continuing to wield
the royal power. — Raj at. vi, 292.
Y. Sam. 1028. Udepur inscription, Naravahana, Guhila Rana of
Mevad, son and successor of Allata. — BI. 69.
6. 894, 895, Karda copper-plates and Gundiir inscription.
Kakkala, Karka II, Amoghavarsha IY, or Yallabhanarendra III,
Rashtrakiita, nephew and successor of Khotika. Stated to have
conquered the Gurjara, Huna, Chola, and Pandya kings. — I A. xii,
263, 270.
Y. Sam. 1029. The PaiyalachchM or Desindmamdld written by
Dhanapala, a protege of Muiija and Bhoja of Malava. Dhanapala
wrote also the Rishalhapanchasika, and the authorship of the
Tilakamanjarl is ascribed to him. — IA. ii, 166; iv, 59. PR. iv,
Index, lxii. AC. 267.
L.K. 49, Marga sudi 12. Nandigupta of Kashmir put to death
by Didda, who puts Tribhuvana, another grandson, on the throne
in his place. — Rdjat. vi, 311.
a.d. 973—974. 97
H. 362. Piri or Pirey, slave of Alp-Tigm, made governor of
Ghazni on the death of Balka-Tigln.— RT. 73.
&. 896, 6rlniukha Samvatsara, inscription from Gadag, Dharvad.
Tailapa, Nurmadi-Taila or Ahavamalla, son of the Chalukya
Vikramaditya, by Bonthadevi, daughter of Lakshmanaraja, Kala-
churi of Chedi, overthrows Eakka II, Rashtrakuta of Malkhed,
and establishes the Later Chalukya dynasty. Between this and
the following year, however, the Western Ganga, Permanadi
Marasimha, attempted, though apparently unsuccessfully, to restore
the Rashtrakuta sovereignty by crowning Indra IV, a grandson of
Krishna III. Taila reigned till a.d. 997. He claims to have
captured and put to death Munja, Paramara of Malava, who had
invaded his kingdom ; he is also stated to have attacked the Chola
country and humbled the king of Chedi. He subjugated the
Kuntala country, which included the Banavasi, Hangal, Puligere,
Belvola, Kundi, Belgaum, Eisukad districts, etc., and conquered
the whole of the Rashtrakuta kingdom with the exception of
Gujarat. Tailapa married Jakabbe or Jakaladevi, daughter of the
Rashtrakuta, Kakka II.— IA. viii, 10, 15, 16 ; xii, 270; xvi, 18;
xxi, 167. PSOCL, Nos. 86 and 214. BD. 79 ff. FED., Bom.
Gaz., 424. EI. iv, 204. Also refs. under a.d. 490.
Dharmadeva (?) Fa-thien, afterwards Fa-hien, a &ramana of
the Nalanda monastery in Magadha, translates several Buddhist
works into Chinese between a.d. 973 and 1001, when he dies. —
BN. 450.
H. 363. Pirey, aided by Sabuk-Tigin, repulses a force that had
advanced from Hind for the purpose of seizing GhaznI. — RT. 73, n. 7.
Y. Sam. 1031, 1036, Ujjain copper-plates. VakpatiII,Utpalaraja,
Mufija, Amoghavarsha, Prithivivallabha, Paramara of Malava, son
and successor of Slyaka II. Subdued the Karnatas, Latas, Eeralas,
Cholas, and vanquished Yuvaraja II of Chedi (Udepur Prasasti) ;
was himself conquered, captured, and executed by the Chalukya
Tailapa II (Merutunga's Prahandhachintamani), probably between
a.d. 994 and 997.— ASWI. iii, 100. I A. xiv, 159. EI. i, 223 ff.
Y. Sam. 1030, Harsha inscription. Vigraharaja II, Chahamana,
son and successor of Siihharaja. Attacked Miilaraja of Anhilvad
who retired before him and Barapa to Eanthkot. — EI. ii, 118.
YOJ, vii, 191. IA. vi, 184.
6. 896, fragmentary inscription at Mulgund, Dharvad. Pancha-
ladcva reigning as paramount sovereign. He apparently succeeded
7
98 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
974
975
975
976
977
the Gahga, Marasimha, but was killed shortly afterwards by the
Western Chalukya Taila II. Panchaladeva is mentioned in the
Adaragunchi inscription of S. 893, and in the Gundur inscription
of 6. 895.— EKD., Bom. Gaz., 307.
L.K. 51, Marga sudi 5. Tribhuvana of Kashmir killed by Didda
who replaces him by a third grandson, Bhimagupta. — Rajat. vi, 312.
Yuvarajadeva II, Kalachuri of Chedi, younger brother and
successor of &ankaragana : contemporary with Munja Yakpati of
Malava by whom he was conquered, according to the Udepur Prasasti.
The undated Bilhari inscription probably belongs to his reign. —
EI. i, 227, 251; ii, 304.
Barapa ruling in Latadesa or Central Gujarat. Barapa was of
the Chalukya lineage and apparently related to Mularaja. The Rds
Mala represents him as the general of the "Western Chalukya Tailapa
(q.v.j a.d. 973), but the Sukritasahkirtana as general of the king of
Kanyakubja. The latter statement may be a version of that of
the grant of Trilochanapala which says he was related by marriage
to the Rashtrakuta king of Kanyakubja. He attacked and drove
Mularaja to Kanthkot, but seems to have been eventually slain by
the latter. See Trilochanapala, a.d. 1051. — IA. vi, 184; xii, 196.
June 12th, H. 365, 11th Shauwal. Death of Mansiir I, Samani,
and succession of his son Abu-l-Qasim-i-Nuh (II), who receives
investiture from the Khallfah Ut-Ta'I'u-L'illah.— RT. 44.
H. 367 (Easihi), 27th Sha'ban, H. 366 (Tabaqat-i-Msirt). Pirey
deposed, and Sabuk-Tigin made governor of Ghazni in his stead.
Nuh II, Samani, confirms the appointment, but soon afterwards,
on the decline of the Samani power, Sabuk-Tigin becomes virtually
independent.
Sabuk-Tigin appoints as his wazir Abu-1- 'Abbas, Al-Eazl-i-
Ahmad, son of Muhammad Al-Isfarami. — RT. 73, n. 9.
Y. Sam. 1034, fifth of the wane of Yaisakha, inscription from
Suhaniya. Yajradaman, Kachchhapaghata, son of Lakshmana. The
Sasbahu inscription of his descendant Mahipala states that Yajra-
daman defeated a ruler of Gadhinagara (Kanauj), and conquered
the fort of Gopadri (Gwaliar).— JBA. xxxi, 401, 411. IA. xv, 35.
March- April, &.899, Chaitra, inscription fromKandavara, Maisiir,
Immadi- or Irmadi-Nolambadhiraja (II) mentioned as reigning. —
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 332.
a.d. 977—980.
99
A.D.
977
978
979
980
K.Y. 4078. Kayyata, son of Chandraditya and grandson of
Vallabhadeva, writes a commentary on Anandavardhana's Devlsa-
taka.—KC. 81. Sbhv., Int. 114.
&. 900. The Chumundaruja Puruna written by Chamundaraya
or Chamundaraja, minister of the Western Gahga king Rajamalla
or Rachamalla. — IA. xii, 21. PR. ii, 76. Inscriptions at &ravana-
Belgola, Nos. 75, 76, and pp. 22, 25, 33, 34.
February-March, S. 899 exp., Phalguna, inscription at Kiggat-
nad, Coorg. Satyavakya Kohgunivarman - Rachamalla - Permanadi
reigning. An inscription at Dodda-Homma, and one at Kottatti,
possibly belong to him. — REC, Inscriptions in the Mysore District,
pt. i, No. Nj. 183; No. Md. 107. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 307.
Thursday, November 6th, V. Sam. 1036, Ujjain copper-plate of
Huiija Vakpati II of Malava. — I A. xiv, 159.
H. 369. Jaipal, king of Lahor, marching on Ghaznl, encounters
Sabuk-TigTn at Laghman, but an accommodation being arrived at,
he retires.— RT. 74, n. 2. EIH. 321.
H. 370 (H. 367, HabTbu-s-Siyar). Sabuk-Tigin takes Bust.—
RT. 74. EHI. iv, 159.
L.K. 56. BhTmagupta of Kashmir put to death by his grandmother
Didda, who henceforth rules in her own name. — Rajat. vi, 332.
June-July, S. 902, Ashadha, inscription from Sogal near
Saundatti. Kartavirya I, son and successor of Nanna, of the
Second Branch of the Rattas of Saundatti, governing Kundi
under the Western Chalukya Tailapa II. Stated to have fixed
the boundaries of the Kuhundi or Kundi country. — FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 428 ff., 551, 553.
December, &. 902, Pausha, Saundatti temple inscription. Santa
or &antivarman, son and successor of Pittuga and Ratta of the First
Branch of the Ratta feudatories of Saundatti under the Western
Chalukya Tailapa II; married Chandikabbe. — JBRAS. x, 171,
204 ff. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 552.
Thien-si-tsai, &ramana of Northern India and a native either of
Jalandhara or Kashmir, arrives in China. Worked for twenty
years at translations, dying in a.d. 1000.
Shi'-hu Danapala(?), &raniana of Udyana, arrived in China the
same year as Thien-si-tsai, and worked at translations, 111 treatises
being ascribed to him. — BN. 452, 453.
100 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
980
980
982
985
Atlsa (Dipankara &rijnana), the Buddhist sage of Magadha, born.
In a.d. 1038 he visited Tibet where he spent thirteen years reviving
the Mahayana doctrines, and died at Nethang, near Lhasa, a.d. 1053.
— JBA. lx, pt. 1, p. 46 ff.
Padmagupta or Parimala, poet-laureate under the Paramara kings
Yakpati Munja (a.d. 974-995) and Sindhuraja (a.d. 995-1010).
Author of the Navasdhasdnkacharita, written probably about
a.d. 1010, in honour of Sindhuraja. To Murija's time belong
also Dhananjaya, author of the Dasarupa ; his brother Dhanika,
author of the Dasarupdvaloka ; and Halayudha, author of the
Piiigalachhandashtikd. — Biihler and Zacharise, Tiber das Navasdha-
sdhkacharita, Sitzungsberichte der phil. hist. Classe der Wiener
Akademie, Bd. cxvi, 583 ff. Bezzenberger's Beitrdge, xiii, 99,
Anm. 2. EI. i, 227. JA. 1886, 8e serie, vii, 220 ff. Sbhv., ed.
Peterson, p. 115. AC, p. 764. AOC., p. 197a.
Monday, March 20th, &. 905. Indraraja, Ratta-Kandarpa,
Rashtrakiita, described as a son's son of Krishnarajendra
(Krishna III), dies, according to an inscription from Maisur, by
performing the Jaina vow of self-starvation. — IA. xx, 35.
H. 373. Zain Khan or Kabul Shah, Gakk'har, said to have fled
from Kashmir on the revolt of his subjects and taken service under
Sabuk-Tigm at Grhazni. — JBA. xl, 71. See same article for the
history of the Gakk'hars.
(Inscription of &. 913, seventh year.) Eajaraja the Great, alias
Rajasraya or Rajakesarivarman, Chola, begins to reign ; son of
Parantaka II, and successor of Madhurantaka I. Said to have
conquered Satyasraya, Chalukya (&. 919-930), as well as the
Eastern Chalukya Yimaladitya, who married his daughter Kundava.
Conquered, between his twelfth and fourteenth years, Gahgapadi,
Nulambapadi, Tadiyapadi or Tadigaipadi, the country of Yehgl,
and Coorg ; from his fourteenth to his sixteenth years, Quilon and
Kalingam ; sixteenth to twentieth years, Ceylon ; twenty-first to
twenty-fifth years, Rattapadi, i.e. the Western Chalukyan empire,
which was invaded during the reign of Satyasraya; twenty-ninth
year, " 12,000 islands." Dispensed certain charities in S. 926. —
MJ. xiv, pt. 1, 17. EI. iv, 66 (Maisur inscriptions— of &. 929;
of &. 934, twenty-eighth year, etc.); ib. 137 (inscription of his
a.d. 985—992.
101
A.D.
985
985
986
988
990
991
992
feudatory Yira Chola). ASSI. iii, 63, 94, 140, 169; ib., vol. iv,
1-77. MGO., 6th August, 1892, No. 544, pp. 8, 9. B.ASSI. iv,
204 (Leyden copper-plate, 23rd year). EKD., Bom. Gaz., 308.
I A. xxiii, 297.
H. 375. The Karmatian heretics, overthrown in 'Iraq, settle
in Sindh. The decline of the Karmatians, begun according to
Abu-1-Fida in H. 326, was hastened by two defeats in Egypt
in H. 360 and 363.— EHI. i, 459.
H. 376 (367 Hablbu-s-Siyar). Sabuk-Tigin takes Kusdar and
makes a raid on the frontier districts of Hind, carrying off many
captives and much booty. — RT. 74.
H. 378. Sabuk-Tigin again encounters Jaipal, routs him in the
battle of Laghman, and pursues him. A peace is afterwards
concluded, by the terms of which Jaipal agrees to cede to Sabuk-
Tigin four of the fortresses of Hind on the side of Ghazni and one
hundred elephants. Jaipal allied himself on this occasion with the
rajas of Delhi, Ajmlr, Kalaiijara, and Kanauj. Sabuk-Tigin after
his victory takes possession of the country up to the Indus, and
places a governor of his own at Peshawar. — EIH. 321-2. RT. 74.
8. 912, inscription from Bhairanmatti, Kaladgi. The Sinda
chieftain Pulikala, son of Kammara, feudatory of the Western
Chalukya Tailapa II.— PSOCI., No. 86. EI. iii, 230 ff.
H. 380. Sabuk-Tigin imprisons his son Mahmud at Ghazni,
where he remains until the following year. — RT. 74, n. 3.
S. 913. Srldhara, son of Baladeva, writes the JVydyakandall,
a commentary on Prasasta's Prasastabhashya — BKR. 76.
Y. Sam. 1049, Dewal inscription. Lalla the Chhinda, son of
Malhana by Anahila of the Chuluklsvara family, and grandson
of Yairavarman. An undated inscription at Gaya gives the names
of several members of a Chhinda dynasty, but their connection
with Lalla's family is, as yet, unknown. — EI. i, 75 ff. IA.
ix, 143.
H. 382. Amir Nuh, SamanI, proceeds with Sabuk-Tigin to
Hirat to overthrow Abu 'All-i-Slmjur, governor of Khurasan. —
RT. 46.
102 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.I).
993
994
995
995
996
997
H. 383. Shihabu-d-Daulah Bughra Khan advances against
Bukhara, but is overthrown by Sabuk-Tigin. — RT. 46.
Abhinavagupta, the Kashmirian Saiva philosopher, nourished
between a.d. 993 and 1015, his Bhairavastotra being dated Laukika
era 68, and his Pratyabhijndvimarsini, brihati vritti, in the year 90
of the same era (Kaliyuga 4115). He wrote also the Tantrdloka,
the Bodhapanchdsikd, and the Zochana, a commentary on Ananda-
vardhana's Dhvanydloka, besides various other works. In the
Lochana he mentions Tauta, author of the Kdvyakautuka, as his
teacher in Alahkara. — BKR. 66, 80, 82.
October, H. 384, Ram. Nuh II, Samani, and Sabuk-Tigin defeat
Abu 'All-i-Simjur at Hirat, or, according to Fasihi at Nlshapur.
Nuh in the following month appoints Sabuk-Tigin governor of
Khurasan, Balkh, and Hirat, and his son Mahmiid captain- general
of the forces and governor of Nishapur. — RT. 46-7, 74-5.
Y. Sam. 1050. Amitagati, the Jain, writes the Subhdshita-
ratnasandoha in the reign of Muiija, Paramara of Malava.
Another work of his — the Dharmaparikshd — was written in Y. Sam.
1070 = a.d. 1014.— BR. 1882-3, p. 45; ib. 1884-7, p. 13. PR. iv,
Index, ix. "Weber, Catal. ii, 1110.
April, H. 385, Rabi' I. Abu 'Ali-i-Slmjur, advancing from
Grurgan, defeats Mahmiid and regains Nlshapur. Subsequently he
and Fayiq are defeated by Sabuk-Tigin and Mahmiid near Tiis. —
RT. 48.
Sindhuraja, Navasahasahka or Kumaranarayana, Paramara of
Malava, brother and successor of Yakpati II. Conquered a king
of the Hunas, a prince of the Kosalas, the inhabitants of Yagada
and Lata, and the Muralas ; wedded the Naga princess &asiprabha,
probably of the race of the Naga Kshatriyas ; had for his chief
minister Yasobhata-Ramahgada (JVavasdhasdhkacharita). — EL i,
228 ff.
Y. Sam. 1053. Chamundaraja, Chauiukya, succeeds his father
Mularaja: till a.d. 1009. Said to have waged a successful war
against Sindhuraja (of Malava). — IA. vi, 184. EI. i, 294.
August, H. 387, Sha'ban. Death of Sabuk-Tigin near Balkh.
His son Isma'il succeeds to the government of Ghazni. — RT. 75,
n. 6. PMH. ii, 278.
a.d. 997—999. 103
AD.
997
998
999
July 22nd, H. 387, 13th Rajab. Death of Amir Nuh II, Samani.
His son Abii-l-Hirs-i-Mansur (II) succeeds him. — RT. 48.
£.919. Satyasraya, Sattiga or Irivibhujahga, Western Chalukya,
eldest son, succeeds his father Tailapa II : till a.d. 1008. — BD. 81.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 432.
$. 919, 927, inscriptions at Ta]gund, Maisur, and at Kannesvar,
Dharvad. Bhimarasa or Bhimaraja governing the Banavasi,
Sfmtalige, and Kisukad districts under the "Western Chalukya kings,
Tailapa and his son Satyasraya.— PSOCL, No. 214. RMI. 186.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 433.
Sunday, January 24th, V. Sam. 1053, inscription from Bijapur.
Dhavala, Rashtrakuta chief of Hastikundi. His immediate pre-
decessors were — his father Mammata (a.d. 939); grandfather
Vidagdha (a.d. 916) ; and great-grandfather Harivarman. Dhavala
claims to have sheltered the ruler of Mevad from Munja (of
Malava) ; to have protected a prince, apparently called Mahendra,
from Durlabharaja (probably the Chahamana prince of that name) ;
and to have supported Dharanlvaraha from Mularaja of Anhilvad.
He had, by V. Sam. 1053, made over the government to his
son Balaprasada. — JBA. lxii, 309 ff.
6.919, Bhadana copper-plate. Aparajita, &ilahara of the Northern
Konkan, son and successor of Yajjadadeva. — EI. iii, 267 ff.
Sunday, November 6th, V. Sam. 1055, copper-plate of the
Chandella Dhahgadeva. — IA. xvi, 201.
March, H. 388, Rabi' I. Bak-Tuziin, commander of the troops
under Mansur II, Samanl, defeats Abu-1-Q,asim, commander of the
Simjuri forces. The latter retires to Fiishanj, but Bak-Tuziin
again advancing, they come to an agreement.^ — RT. 49.
H. 389. Mahmud deposes his brother Isma'il and imprisons him
in the fortress of Kalanjara, or, as some say, in that of Juzjanan.
— RT. 75, n. 6.
January-February, H. 389, Safar. Fayiq-i-Khasah and Bak-
Tiizun dethrone Mansur II, Samanl, and raise his brother Abu-1-
Fawaris-i-'Abdu-l-Malik to the throne. Mahmud marches against
them, and fights a battle with 'Abdu-1-Malik, who retires to Bukhara
with Fayiq, while Bak-Tuzun retreats to Nishapur. On the 26th
Jumada' I (15th May) Mahmud makes an agreement with them
by which he retains Balkh and Hirat, Merv and Nishapur being
left to them.
104 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
999
1000
Abud-Qasim-i-Simjur retiring to Quhistan, Khurasan is left
in Mahmud's possession, and he, receiving shortly afterwards an
investiture from the Khallfah, Al-Q,adir B'illah, declares himself
independent, makes Balkh his capital, and gives the command of
his troops to his brother Nasr.— RT. 50, 51. EIH. 325.
July-August, H. 389, Sha'ban. Death of Fayiq. Abu-1-Hasan,
I-lak-i-Nasr, son of Bughra Khan, advances from Fargh.anah and
takes Bukhara 10th Zi'1-qa'dah (12th October), capturing Mansiir II,
'Abdu - 1 - Malik, Ibrahim, and Ya'qub, sons of ISfuh, Samani.
Another son, Abu. Ibrahim-i-Isma'il, Muntasir, escapes, and being
joined by some followers at Khwarizm, subsequently tries to regain
the Samani dominions.
Some authorities state that I-lak's invasion of Bukhara was due
to a conspiracy with Fayiq and Bak-Tuzun after their defeat a few
months previously by Mahmud, and that it was undertaken under
the pretext of aiding 'Abdu-1-Malik, Samani. — RT. 51, 52.
Arsalan-i-Jazib fights with Abu-1-Qasim-i-Simjur and compels
him to retire to Tabas. — RT. 80, n. 5.
Abii Nasr, the Shar of Gharjistan, submits to Mahmud. —
RT. 80, n. 5.
i
H. 390. Mahmud seizes Nishapur; Bak-Tuzun, slave of the
Samani dynasty, flees. Bughrajaq, uncle of Mahmud, slain this
year at Fushanj by Tahir, son of Khalaf. Mahmud marches to
Sijistan against Khalaf, who takes refuge in the fort of Taq, which
is invested by Mahmud's orders. — RT. 80-1, notes. JRAS., o.s.,
xvii, 147 ff.
Mahmud removes Abu-1 'Abbas Fazl and makes Ahmad ibn
Hasan Maimandi prime minister. The latter held this post eighteen
years, when he was disgraced and imprisoned by Mahmud, but
subsequently released by Mas'iid. Khondamir places his death
in H. 424 = a.d. 1033-4, but, according to other sources, his release
by Mas'ud only occurred in H. 426.— BOD. 38. EHI. ii, 61 ;
iv, 196. RT. 92.
August - September, &. 922, copper -plate from Sahgamner.
Bhillama II, Yadava of Seunadesa, son of Yaddiga I and brother
and successor of Dhadiyappa II or Dhadiyasa ; probably feudatory,
at this time, of the "Western Chalukya, Satyasraya. Married
Lakshmi or Lachchhiyavva, daughter of Jhaiijha, who has been
identified with the Northern Kohkana Silahara Zanza. Con-
temporary with Muiija, Paramara of Malava (a.d. 974-995), and
1000—1002. 105
A.D.
1000
1000
1001
1002
Ranarangabhlma, probably Tailapa the "Western Chalukya (a.d.
973-997), whom he seems to have assisted in his wars against
Muiija.— EI. ii, 212 fi\ IA. ix, 39, n. 57; xii, 125 ff. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 433, 513. BD. 100.
Kokkalladeva II, Kalachuri of Chedi, son and successor of
Yuvaraja II.— EI. ii, 304.
Ganda or Nanda, Chandella of Kalanjara, son and successor of
Dhahga.— CASR. ii, 451 ; xxi, 84. EI. i, 219.
Rajyapala, successor of Vijayapala. According to Kielhorn,
he was a king of Kanauj and possibly identical with the " Rajya-
pala" destroyed by the Kachchhapaghata Arjuna in the cause
of the Chandella Vidyadhara. — IA. xviii, 33. EI. i, 219 ; ii, 235.
Krishnaraja I, Nikumbha, feudatory chieftain ruling in Khan-
desh.— IA. viii, 39. EI. i, 338.
Asadi Tiisi, the teacher of Firdausi and Farrukhi and author of
the Tarjumanu-l- Bala ghat, nourished about this time at the court
of Mahmud of GhaznI. together with the poets 'Asjudi and Azuri
Razi.— BOD. 79.
H. 391. Mahmud leaves Ghazni in Shauwal (August- September)
on his first expedition into India. Defeats Jaipal, Shahiya of
Kabul and Lahor, near Peshawar, 8th Muharram, H. 392 (27th
November). Mzamu-d-Dm Ahmad and Firishtah mention an
expedition in H. 390, but this seems to be a mistake. — RT. 81.
EHI. ii, 26, 435.
Jaipal burns himself to death, and is succeeded by his son
Anandpal.
H. 391. Abu Ibrahim Al-Muntasir, Samani, aided by Shamsu-1-
Ma'ali Qabus, son of Washmgir, advancing to recover Rai, turns
aside and seizes Nlshapur, forcing Mahmud's brother Nasr to
retire to Hirat. Nasr, aided by Arsalan-i-Jazib from Tiis, moves
to recover it, and defeats the forees of Abu Ibrahim under Arsalan-
i-Balu and Abu-1-Qasim-i-Simjur. Abu Ibrahim seeks refuge
with Qabus in Jurjan. — RT. 81, notes.
(Inscription of S. 954, 31st year.) Rajendra-Chola I, Madhu-
rantaka II, Parakesarivarman, son of Rajaraja I, begins to reign :
father-in-law of the Eastern Chalukya Rajaraja I (a.d. 1022-1063).
Claims to have conquered, between his third and fifth years,
Edatore, Banavasi, Kollipake, Mannai, and Ceylon; fifth and
106 THE CHEONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A 1).
1002
1003
1004
1005
sixth years, Malabar; eighth and ninth years, Eattapadi, invaded
during the reign of the Western Chalukya Jayasimha (a.d. 1018-
1040); tenth and twelfth years, numerous other conquests;
twelfth and nineteenth years, Kadaram. Among his conquests
Eajendra-Chola names the country of the Oddas or Odras, i.e.
Orissa ; Kosala, Gujarat, and Vahgaladesa (Bengal), where he
claims to have conquered one Govindachandra. — EI. iv, 68.
Inscriptions :— MCCM. v, 41. ASSI. iii, 68, 95, 100, 142; iv,
77 fit. MGO., 6th August, 1892, JNo. 544, 8, 9.
March-April, 6. 924, inscription at Gadag, Dharvad. Sobhanarasa
governing the Belvola and Puligere districts, etc., as feudatory
of the Western Chalukya Satyasraya. — EKD., Bom. Ga%., 432.
L.K. 79, Bhadra su. 8. Didda of Kashmir dies, and is succeeded
by her adopted son Sangramaraja, son of her brother Udayaraja,
Prince of Lohara (Loharin). Sahgrama is said to have sent an
expedition to the aid of the &ahi Trilochanapala. — Rujat. vi, 365.
Stein, Zur Geschichte der Sahis von Kahul, p. 9.
H. 393. Mahmud proclaimed ruler in Sijistan by the nobles of
Khalaf.— ET. 81. JRAS., o.s., xvii, 150.
H. 394. Mahmud besieges Khalaf ibn Ahmad in the fort of
Taq and takes him prisoner. Mahmud retains Sijistan, but gives
the district of Juzjanan to Khalaf, who leaves Sijistan. — liT. 81.
EHI. iv, 169.
6aktivarman Chalukya- Chandra, Eastern Chalukya, eldest son
of Danarnava, succeeds to the throne of Yehgi after the thirty
years' anarchy which followed his father's death: till a.d. 1015. —
IA. xx, 273.
December, H. 395, Rabi' I. Abu Ibrahim-i-Isma'il, last of
the Samanis, assassinated in the neighbourhood of Bukhara by
Mah-Rue, chief of a nomad tribe with whom he had taken shelter.
— ET. 52, 53.
Ea-hu, Dharmaraksha (?), Sramana of Magadha, arrives in China.
Worked at translations until his death, at the age of ninety-five,
in a.d. 1058. Contemporary with Ea-hu was Jih-cheng (Surya-
yasas ?), an Indian Sramana, to whom two works are ascribed. —
BN. 455, 456.
H. 396. Gakk'har Shah, son of Kabul Shah. Said to have
a.d. 1005—1008. 107
A.D.
1005
1006
1007
1008
come to India with Mahmud, from whom he acquired the Sindh
BSgar Doab.— JBA. xl, 71.
H. 396. Mahmud forms an alliance with I-lak Khan, son of
Bughra Khan, by the terms of which Mahmud retains all territory
on the left bank of the Amuiah (Oxus), together with Khwarizm,
I-lak Khan retaining Transoxiana. — ET. 84, 903, notes.
H. 396. Mahmud undertakes a second expedition into India.
Defeats and slays Bhira Eae and takes the fortress of Bhatiah,
near Multan. He returns to Ghazni, but in the same year
re-enters India to reduce his dependant Abu-1-Fath Liidi the
Wall of Multan, who had formed an alliance against him with
Anandpal. The latter, intercepting Mahmud on his way, is
defeated near Peshawar, pursued to Sodra, and compelled to
take refuge in Kashmir. Multan submitting after a short siege,
Mahmud returns to Ghazni to check the advance of I-lak Khan
who had, in his absence, invaded Khurasan and penetrated to
Hirat.— ET. 84, 85, notes. EIH. 327. EHI.iv, 172. PMH. ii, 282.
March-April, S. 929, Chaitra, inscription from Kaliyiir, Maisur,
recording the defeat of a Hoysala minister, JSaganna, by Aprameya,
lord of the Kotta Mandala, an officer of the Chola king Eaja-
rajadeva. — EEC, Inscriptions in the Mysore District, pt. i, No. TN.
44 and Int. 9, 14.
H. 397. (Ibn Aslr) Mahmud totally defeats the united forces
of I-lak Khan and Qadr Khan near Balkh. He then returns
hurriedly to Hind, where Sukpal, a converted Hindu, whom he
had made governor of some of the conquered provinces, had
revolted. According to one account, Sukpal was imprisoned for
life; according to another, he escaped. — EHI. ii, 443. EIH. 328.
6. 929. Gudikatti inscription. Shashtadeva I, Chatta, Chattala
or Chattaya, Kadamba of Goa, represented as feudatory of the
Western Chalukya, Jayasimha, who was possibly acting as viceroy
to his uncle Satyasraya. The record may, however, be a spurious
one.— EKD., Bom. Gaz., 436-7 and 567.
!Nep. Sam. 128 on MS. Nirbhaya and Eudradeva reigning con-
temporaneously in Nepal. — Bendall, BSM., Int. xii.
H. 398. Khalaf, intriguing with I-lak Khan of Turkistan, is
confined by Mahmud in the fortress of Juzdez, where he dies
the following year.— ET. 186.
108 THE CHBONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1009
1010
H. 399. Mahmud having left Ghazni, 29th BabI' II (31st
December, 1008), on his fifth expedition into India, advances
against Anandpal and the confederated Hindn rajas, whom he
defeats in a decisive battle fought at Whatindah or Bhatmdah,
after which he captures and despoils Nagarkot or Kahgra. — EHI.
ii, 444 ff. EIH. 328. ET. 77, note on Wahind. In connection
with this see Stein, Zur Geschichte der Sdhis von Kabul, p. 7.
H. 400 (401 ?). Sixth expedition of Mahmud into India. Cap-
ture of Narain, identified by Cunningham with JNarayan, capital
of Bairat or Matsya. This seems to be the expedition alluded
to by Eaverty as undertaken, in H. 401, against Bhini Narayan
of Bhhn-nagar.— EHI. i, 393 ; ii, 448, 449, note. ET. 85, notes.
Y. Sam. 1066. Yallabharaja, Chaulukya, succeeds his father
Chamunda, but, dying after a reign of six months, is succeeded by
his brother Durlabha, who reigns till a.d. 1022. According to
the Vadnagar prasasti Yallabha invaded Malava, and Durlabha
conquered Lata (Central Gujarat). — IA. vi, 184, 213. EI. i, 294.
&. 930. Yikramaditya Y, or Yikrama, Tribhuvanamalla I,
Western Chalukya, succeeds his uncle Satyasraya: till a.d. 1018.
— IA. xvi, 15 (copper-plate of S. 931 from Kauthem). Inscriptions
of &. 932 at Sudi and Alur, Dharvad, one of &. 933 at Galagnath,
FED., Bom. Gaz., 434. BD. 81.
May-June, &. 930, copper-plate from Kharepatan. Eattaraja
&ilahara of the Southern Kohkan, son and successor of Avasara III
and feudatory of Satyasraya. The power of this branch of the
&ilaharas probably ended with Eattaraja, as Arikesarin of the
Northern branch was ruling the whole of the Kohkan in a.d. 1017.
—EI. iii, 292. BD. 121. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 433, 537.
H. 401. Mahmud reduces Ghur, the chief of which, Muhammad
ibn Siiri, destroys himself by poison. — EHI. iv, 174. EIH. 330.
ET. 84, n. 7. PMH. ii, 286.
Mahmud returns immediately to India, takes Multan, and bringing
Abu-'l Fath Liidi prisoner to Ghazni, confines him for life in the
fort of Ghurak (Firishtah and the Tabaqat-i-Akbwi). — EHI. ii, 449.
EIH. 330. BF. i, 50.
&. 932, inscription from Alur, Gadag Taluka. Iriva-Nolamba-
dhiraja or Ghateya-Ahkakara, Pallava, governing the Nolambavadi,
Kehgali, Ballakunde, and Kukkanur districts, etc., under Yikra-
maditya Y, "Western Chalukya. Married a daughter of the Western
Chalukya Irivabedahga-Satyasraya. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 332, 434.
a.d. 1010—1013. 109
A.D.
1010
1011
1012
1013
Bhoja or Bhojadeva of Dhara, Paramara of Malava, son and
successor of Sindhuraja : one of the most famous rulers of the
eleventh century, celebrated for his learning and patronage of
learned men; reputed author of the Sarasvatikanthdbharana, the
Ilajamurtanda on the Yogasastra, the Rdjamrigdnkakarana, the
Samardhgana, the tiring dramanjarikathd, and various other works
written during his reign or some time after. Fought with the
Chalukya Jayasimha III, between a.d. 1011 and 1019, and with
his successor Somesvara II (a.d. 1042-1068) who, according to
Bilhana's Viler amdhkade uacharita, took Dhara by storm and forced
Bhoja to nee. Conquered the Chaulukya Bhima I (a.d. 1021-
1063) and took Anhilvad (Merutunga, Pralandhachintdmani).
Fought with the kings of Chedi and Lata, and with the Turushkas
(Udepur Prasasti). Al-Birum mentions him as reigning in a.d.
1030, and his Rdjamrigdnkakarana is dated SS. 964 (a.d. 1042).
The exact date of his death is as yet unknown.1 — IA. v, 17, 318 ;
vi, 53 ff. (Ujjain copper-plate of V. Sam. 1078). EI. i, 230 ff.
BR. 1882-3, p. 44. Sachau, AlberunVs India, i, 191.
Uvata, the son of Yajrata, a native of Anandapura (Yadnagar,
Gujarat), writes his Bhdshya on the Vdjasaneya Samhitd at Avanti
during Bhoja's reign.— BR. 1882-3, 3. AC. 70. Weber, Catal.
ii, 53, 1146.
H. 402. Mahmud annexes the Jawsjanan territory on the death
of the Wall Abu Nasr, son of 'Abdu-1-Hirs ;, Farighuni, and places
over it a Diwan of his own. — RT. 232.
H. 403. Arsalan (Khan) and Altim-Tash, Mahmud's Hajib, reduce
Jurjistan on the Upper Murgh-ab, the ruler of which had revolted
against Mahmud.— EIH. 330. PMH. ii, 286. RT. 118, n. 5.
H. 403. I-lak Khan dies in Mawarau-n-Nahr, and is succeeded
by his brother Tughan Khan. — RT. 85, notes.
H. 404. Mahmud starts on his eighth expedition into India.
EHI. ii, 37, 450.
1 Dasabala, a Buddhist author, wrote under Bhoja of Dhara and, according
to Aufrecht {Oxford Cat. 327^), his Tithisaranika is referable to the latter's
reign. If this could be established, it would give us the last year of Bhoja's
reign, as a copper-plate of his successor Jayasimha is dated in a.d. 1055. Though
Dasabala, however, makes his calculations from S. 977, it does not follow that
his book was written in that year and in Bhoja's reign.
110
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
Trilochanapala, Shahiya of Lahor, succeeds his father Ananclpal.
Sometimes erroneously called Jaipal II. — BOD. 192.
H. 404. Mahmiid reaches Balnat and captures Nandanah (Nin-
duna or Nardm). Trilochanapala flees to Kashmir. — EHI. ii, 37,
450 ff. RT. 85.
H. 405. Mahmiid and his son Mas'ud make a raid on Khawanm,
a part of Grhur. Mas'iid distinguishes himself by his bravery. —
RT. 324, notes.
H. 405. Ninth expedition of Mahmiid into India. He conquers
Thanesar, plunders the temple, sacks the town, and carries a number
of prisoners to Ghazni. — EHI. ii, 452. EIH. 331.
H. 406. Mahmiid attempts, on his tenth expedition into India,
to penetrate into Kashmir, but advances no further than Lohkot
which he besieges unsuccessfully. — EHI. ii, 455. EIH. 331.
N. Sam. 135 on MS. Bhojadeva, Rudra, and Lakshmikama
reigning contemporaneously in Nepal. — Bendall, BSM. xii. I A. vii,
91 ; xiii, 413.
Yimaladitya, Yimalarka, Eastern Chalukya, succeeds his elder
brother &aktivarman: till a. d. 1022. Married KiindavamahadevT,
younger sister of Rajendra-Choda and daughter of the Chola king
Gahgaikonda Ko-Rajaraja-Rajakesarivarman. — IA. xx, 273.
H. 407. Abii-l-4Abbas-i-Mamun, EarTghuni, ruler of Jurjanlah
of Khwarizm and brother-in-law of Mahmiid, murdered by his
troops at the instigation of Nial-Tigin. Mahmiid proceeds in
person to Khwarizm, quells the insurrection, putting Nial-Tigin
and the murderers to death, and having subdued the territory,
appoints his chamberlain Altiin-Tash governor of it with the title
of Khwarizm Shah.— RT. 85, 232, notes.
H. 408. Mahmiid marries his son Mas'iid to a daughter of
I-lak Khan and appoints him governor of Khurasan, with his
capital at Hirat, at the same time declaring him his heir in the
presence of the Uliis or tribe. — RT. 85.
&. 939, copper - plate from Thana. Arikesarin or Kesideva,
Silahara of the Northern Konkan, brother and successor of
Yajjadadeva II.— AR. i, 357. JBRAS. xiii, 11. IA. ix, 39, 40.
Y. Sam. 1073. Jinachandragani or Devaguptasiiri writes the
&ravakdnanda, a Sanskrit commentary on his own Nacapaya. —
PR. iv, Ind. xxxiv.
a.d. 1018—1020. Ill
A.D.
1018
1019
1020
H. 409. Mahmud with a large army again invades India, takes
Mathura, then held by Hardat, i.e. Haradatta, Dor Raja of Baran,
destroying the temple and carrying off much plunder. He then
captures Kanauj, takes Manj after a desperate resistance, defeats
and slays Chandrapal at As! or Asnl, and having reduced various
other towns and laid waste much country, returns to GhaznI. —
EIH., 331 ff. EHL ii, 456. R.T., 85 ff. Growse's JBuhndshahr,
p. 40.
&. 940. Jayasimha II, Jagadekamalla, Vallabhanarendra, Western
Chalukya, brother and successor of Yikramaditya Y : till a.d. 1040.
Claims to have humbled Bhoja of Malava, to have invaded and
subdued the Chola kingdom under Rajendra Chola Parakesari-
varman, and the ruler of the seven Kohkans, and to have beaten
the Cheras. Married Suggaladevi. Inscriptions numerous, ranging
from fi. 940-964.— PSOCL, STos. 70, 86, 153, 154, 155, and 215.
IA. iv, 278; v, 15; viii, 10 ff. ; xviii, 270; xix, 161. BD. 81.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 435.
&. 941. Inscription at Balagamve of Kundama, son of Iriva-
bedahgadeva and feudatory ruler of the Banavasi, Santali and
Hayve districts under Jayasimha, Western Chalukya. — I A. v, 15.
August, H. 411, Jumada* I. Mas'ud leaves Hirat on an expedi-
tion to Ghur. Bu-1 Hasan-i-Khalaf and Sher-wan, chieftains of
Ghiir, being conciliated by Mas'ud, join him with forces on the
frontier of Ghur. After taking the fortress of Bartar he proceeds to
Zaran, and from there to the district of Jarus (variants Kharus and
Harus), the chief of which, War-mesh-i-Bat, had already promised
allegiance. Mas'ud demands his submission, but being treated with
defiance, proceeds against the chief and takes two of his strongholds.
The rest of the Ghuris submitting, War-mesh-i-Bat yields and
offers increased tribute, which is accepted on condition of his
surrendering all castles taken by him on the side of Gharjistan.
After capturing another strong fortress (Tur, Bur, or Niir), and
placing in it a governor of his own, Mas'ud returns to Hirat. —
RT. 324-9, notes.
H. 411. Death of the poet Eirdausi of Tiis, the author of the
Shdhnama and a contemporary of Mahniud, at whose court he
flourished. Hajl Khalfah places his death in H. 416.— BOD. 134-6.
EHI. iv, 190 ff.
112 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1C21
1022
1023
H. 412. Mahmud advances again into India on behalf of the
king of Kanauj who had been attacked by Nanda the king of
Kalanjara. Trilochanapala of Labor opposes his march, but is
defeated and slain in the battle of the Rahib, his son BhimapaLa
succeeding him. Mahmud annexes Lahor permanently to Ghazni,
thus laying the foundation of the future Muhammadan empire in
India.— BF. i, 63. EHI. ii, 463. EIH. 333. Stein, Zur Geschichte
der Sahis von Kabul, p. 5.
February -March, &. 944, Phalguna, inscription at Beliir, Maisur.
Gahga-Permanadi governing the Karnata. — REC, Inscriptions in the
Mysore District, pt. i, No. Md. 78. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 308.
&. 944, inscription at Belur. AkkadevI, elder sister of Jaya-
simha II, Western Chalukya, governing the Kisukad district.
Mentioned in records of the years 1047 and 1050 a.d. She was
the mother of the Kadamba Toyimadeva (see a.d. 1066). — IA. xviii,
270 ff. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 437, 440.
H. 413. Mahmud invades the hill districts of Nur and Kirat
between Turkistan and Hindustan. Shortly afterwards, marching
in the direction of Kashmir, he invests Lohkot, but eventually raises
the siege and proceeds to Lahor. See ante, a.d. 1015, in which
year Mahmud is represented to have besieged Lohkot. Possibly
the same expedition is referred to under a different date. — BF. i, 65.
EHI. ii, 466.
Y. Sam. 1078. Bhimadeva I, Chaulukya, succeeds his uncle
Durlabharaja. Merutunga relates that he joined Karna of Chedi
in an attack on Bhoja of Malava to which the latter succumbed.
This statement is supported by the Kirtikamnudi, the Sulcrita-
sanklrtana, and by Kumarapala's Fadnagar prasasti, etc. — IA. vi,
185,213. EI. i, 232, 294.
Thursday, 16th August, &. 944. Coronation of Rajaraja I,
Yishnuvardhana YIII, Eastern Chalukya, son and successor of
Yimaladitya : reigned till about a.d. 1063 ; married AmmangadevT,
daughter of his maternal uncle Rajendra Chola. — IA. xiv, 48 (grant
from Korumelli, Godavari district). I A. xix, 129.
H. 414 (413, Tabaqdt-i-AJcbari). Mahmud again invades India,
besieges Gwaliar but is bought off by the king : proceeds to
Kalan j ara, where the Chandella king Nanda makes terms. Mahmud
returns in triumph to Ghazni. — EHI. ii, 467. BF. i, 66, 67.
RT. 86.
a.d. 1024—1026. 113
A.D
1024 H. 414-5. Mahmud makes a raid into the mountains inhabited
by the Afghanlan, plunders them and carries off much booty. —
RT. 86, notes.
H. 415. Mahmud appoints his wazir 'Abdu-r-Razzaq governor
of Sindh.— EHI. i, 482.
S. 946. Barmadeva governing the Taddevadi, Belvola, and
Puligere districts, as feudatory of Jayasimha II, Western Chalukya.
— FKI)., 1st ed., 44.
Y. Sam. 1080, Jinesvara, Jaina pontiff and pupil of Yardhamana,
flourished. Wrote, Y. Sam. 1080, an Ashtavritti and in Y. Sam.
1092 a Lildvatl. Regarded as the founder of the Kharatara-
gachchha which took its name from the title Kharatara, conferred on
Jinesvara by Durlabha of Anhilvad on the occasion of his triumph
in debate over the Chaityavasins. — PR. ii, 65 ; iv, Ind. xliv.
BR., 1882-3, 45-6. IA. xi, 248, No. 40.
23rd November, &. 948, Karttika, copper-plate from Kalas-
Budrukh. Bhillama III, Yadava of Seunadesa and successor of
Yesugi I, ruling as feudatory of the Western Chalukya Jayasimha II,
whose daughter he married. — IA. xvii, 117 ff. BD. 102. EKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 514.
H. 416. Mahmud makes a second raid on the Afghanian from
Balkh. On the 10th Sha'ban (6th October) of the same year he
starts for Multan on his expedition to Somnath : reaches Multan in
the middle of Ramazan and marches towards Anhilvad. Bhima-
deva I flees on his approach and takes refuge at Kanthkot in
Kachh.— EHI. i, 98; ii, 468; iv, 180. IA. vi, 185-6. ' BG. 28.
RT. 86.
Pandit Chandranatha introduces the Yrihaspati Cycle of sixty
years into Tibet. — JBA. lviii, 40.
H. 416 (or 417). Death of Bhimapala, last of the Shahiya kings
of Kabul.— PK. 55. RT. 86, notes. EHI. ii, 427.
1025 Yidhyadhara, Chandella, succeeds his father Ganda or Nanda:
contemporary with the Kachchhapaghata Arjuna who is said to
have slain in his interest Rajyapala, probably a king of Kanauj
(Dubkund inscription of Yikramasimha) : contemporary with Bhoja
of Dhara and perhaps with Kokalla II of Chedi (Mahoba inscrip-
tion).—EI. i, 219; ii, 235.
1026 Y. Sam. 1083, Sarnath inscription, Mahipala of Bengal, son and
114 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.B.
1026
1027
1028
successor of Vigrahapala II. The Sarnath inscription records the
repair of a Buddhist stupa and dharmachakra and the huilding of
a new gandhakuti hy the brothers Sthirapala and Yasantapala,
probably sons of Mahipala. A Bengal MS. of the Ashtasahasrika
Prajfiaparamitd is dated in Mahipala' s fifth year. — I A. xiv, 139.
JBA. lxi, 77 (Dinajpur copper-plate). CASR. iii, 122-3. Bendall,
BSM., Int. ii, p. 100.
January, H. 416, the middle of Zi'1-qa'dah. Mahmiid arrives
at Somnath and captures it with great slaughter, after which he
marches to Kachh against Bhimadeva who flees at his approach.
Mahmiid proceeds against Mansuriyah and from thence returns to
GhaznL— EHI. i, 98; iv, 180. BGK 28. IA. vi, 185-6.
H. 417. Envoys from Qaya Khan and Bughra Khan, brothers of
Qadr Khan, arrive at Grhazni requesting a matrimonial alliance.
Zainab, daughter of Mahmiid, is betrothed to the son of Qadr Khan,
and a daughter of Qadr Khan to Muhammad, Mahmiid' s younger
son, but subsequently to his brother Mas'iid, Mahmud's elder son.
— RT. 905, notes.
H. 417. Mahmiid, according to Eirishtah and Nizamu-d-Din
Ahmad, undertakes his last expedition into India against the Jats
of Jucl who had molested him on his march from Somnath. — EIH.
339. EHI. ii, 477.
H. 417. 'Abdu-r-Razzaq, governor of Sindh, having captured
Bhakkar establishes himself in Sistan and Thatta. EHI. i, 482.
&. 948, Bhandiip copper-plate. Chhittaraja, &ilahara of the
Northern Kohkan, nephew and successor of Arikesarin and probably
a vassal of the Western Chalukya Jayasimha II. — I A. v, 276 ;
ix, 39. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 436, 542.
26th June, V. Sam. 1084. Jhiisi or Allahabad copper-plate of
Trilochanapaladeva, probably a ruler of Kanauj, son and successor
of Rajyapala. — IA. xviii, 33. EI. ii, 235.
L.K. 4, Ashadha va. 1. Sangramaraja of Kashmir dies and is
succeeded by his son Hariraja, who dies shortly after (Ashadha
su. 8), when Anantadeva, another son of Sangramaraja, succeeds.
—Rajat. vii, 127, 131.
H. 419. Mahmiid renews and confirms a treaty with Qadr Khan
of Turkistan, agreeing that a portion of Mawarau-n-Nahr should
be held by himself and part be incorporated with Qadr Khan's
dominions. On his way back Mahmiid grants an audience to Isra'il,
a.d. 1028—1031. 115
A.I).
1028
1029
1030
1030
1031
1031
son of Beghii, son of Saljuq, son of Luqman, and takes him with
him.— RT. 86-7.
H. 420. Mahmud defeats and slays Majdu-d-Daulah of the
Buwiah dynasty and adds 'Iraq to the government of Mas'ud. —
RT. 87.
H. 420. Salar Mas'ud Ghazi expels the Dhakra Rajputs from
Dundhgarh and razes the town. — ASJNI. ii, p. 6.
Thursday, 30th April, H. 421, 23rd RabI' II. Death of
Mahmud in the 63rd year of his age. His son Muhammad suc-
ceeds him. Mas'ud disputing his accession, Muhammad prepares
for war. He arrives at Tigm-abad, 1st Ram. (2nd September).
The Hajib 'All Khweshawand and Yusuf ibn Sabuk-Tigin con-
spire against him and imprison him. — BF. i, 84, 93. PMH. ii, 294.
RT. 87, 89. EHI. iv, 192-3.
Ylryarama, Chahamana, son and successor of Yakpati II. Was
killed by Bhoja of Dhara (a.d. 1010). Chamunda, a brother
of Yiryarama, built a temple to Yishnu at Narapura. — VOJ.
vii, 191.
Kshemaraja, Kashmirian Saiva philosopher, pupil of Abhinava-
gupta, nourished in the first half of the eleventh century.
Author of the Svachchhandoddyota and several vrittis ; identified
by Biihler with Kshemendra, author of the Spandanirnaya and
the Spandasandoha.
To this same period, probably, belongs Bhaskara, son of Diva-
kara, author of the Spandasutravurtika. — BKR. 79, 82.
26th April, H. 422, 1st Jumada' I. Mas'ud crowned king of
Ghazni at Hirat. Soon after, in the same year, he orders 'All
Khweshawand and his brother MangTrak to be put to death and
confiscates their property. — RT. 91.
H. 423, December 19th, 1st Muharram. Abu-Rihan Al-Biruni,
the historian, completes his Tahqlqu-l-Hind. Al-Biruni was born
in a.d. 973 at Khwarizm and died a.d. 1048— JBA. lxi, 186-7.
Alberunfs India, ed. Sachau, p. xvi. Also EHI. i, 42; ii, 1, 3.
Baj Khan, Gakk'har chief, said to have flourished. — JBA. xl, 72.
116 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1032
1033
1034
H. 423 or 424. Altun-Tash sent by. Mas'ud against the SaljQq
'Ali-Tigin who had subdued Bukhara and Samrqand. He defeats
'Ali-Tigin near the latter place, but dies himself of a wound two
days later, after arranging for 'Ali-Tigin to hold Samrqand and
Mas'ud to retain Bukhara. His son Harun succeeds him as governor
of Khwarizm.— BF. i, 101. EHI. iv, 195. RT. 232, notes.
H. 423. Hasnak Shaikhu-1-KhatTr, wazir of the late Sultan
(Mahmud), put to death by order of Mas'ud for his share in
depriving him of the throne. — ET. 92.
29th July, H. 423, 17th Sha'ban. Salar Mas'ud Ghazi sent to
Bahraich to aid Saifu-d-Din against a rising of Hindu chiefs. —
JBA. lxi, ex. no., p. 17.
H. 423. Death of Qadr Khan of Mawarau-n-Nahr. — RT. 122,
n. 8.
Y. Sam. 1088. The Yrishabhadeva Jaina temple at Dailwada
built by Yimal Sah, a Jaina merchant of Anhilvad. — JBRAS.
xviii, 23.
H. 424. Birth at Hirat of Zahiru-d-Daulah Ibrahim, son of
Mas'ud, afterwards Sultan of Ghazni. — RT. 104.
loth June, H. 424, 14th Rajab. Salar Mas'ud Ghazi having
seized a Hindu temple in Bahraich, is slain with a number of his
adherents in the battle which follows, his chief opponent being
Suhriddhvaja, Raja of Gonda (Suhal Deo), and is thenceforth com-
memorated as a martyr by the name of Ghazi Miyain. — BOD. 245.
JBA. lxi, ex. no., p. 18. ASNI. ii, 292.
8. 955. Inscription at Bhairanmatti, Kaladgi. Nagati or
Nagaditya, Sinda feudatory of the Western Chalukya Jayasimha II,
belonging probably to a different branch of the same stock as
the Sindas of Yelburga. His grandson Sevyarasa was a feudatory
of the Western Chalukya Somesvara II.— EI. iii, 230. EKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 437, 576-7.
H. 424. A great drought followed by famine and pestilence
sweeps over Southern Asia, carrying off in Isfahan alone, according
to Firishtah, 40,000 persons, its ravages in Mausil and Baghdad
being equally severe. — BF. i, 103.
H. 425. Ahmad-i-iSTial-Tigin, governor of Multan, rebels and
seizes Lahor. Tilak Malik ibn Jai Sen sent against him by Mas'ud.
Nial-Tigm flees to Mansuriyah, but is drowned in crossing the
Mihran of Sindh.— JBA. lxi, 199. EHI. ii, 122, 129, 130, 250.
a.d. 1034—1036. 117
A.D.
1034
1035
1035
1036
H. 425. Harfm, governor of Khwarizm, rebels against Mas'ud
and intrigues with the Turkmans and Saljuqs. — RT. 232, notes.
B. 956, 960, 966. Mayuravarman, Kadamba, feudatory ruler
of Hangal under Jayasimha II and Somesvara I, Western Chalukyas.
— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 437, 439, 563.
H. 426. Mas'ud proceeds with an army to Jurjiin and Taba-
ristan to aid his governors at 'Iraq against the Saljuqs, but retires
without fighting, and against the advice of his amirs hastens to
Hindustan. In his absence the Saljuqs perfect their power.
'Alau-d-Daulah ibn Kakuyah rebels and drives Abu Suhail Hama-
duni out of Rai.— EHI. iv, 196-7.
H. 426. Isma'll succeeds his brother Harun at Khwarizm, but
is shortly afterwards ousted by Shah Malik at the instigation of
Mas'ud, and takes refuge in Khurasan.— RT. 232, notes.
H. 426. Death of the Saljuq Isra'Il-i-Beghu at Kalanjara,
where he had been imprisoned during Mahmud's reign. Jaghar
Beg, son of Abu Sulinmn-i-Da'ud, takes up his quarters at Merv. —
RT. 94, 122, notes.
Abu - Muhammad Nasihi, author of the ITas'udl, flourished
under Mas'ud I of GhaznI.— BOD. 28.
H. 427. The Saljuqs, Beghu, Tughril, and Da'ud petition
Mas'ud for the territories of Nisa and Farawah. Mas'ud sends
a friendly reply, but at the same time orders the Hajib Bak-Taghdl
to proceed against them. After defeating and routing them near
Sarakhs, Bak-Taghdl is himself overthrown by them in Sha'ban
(June). They then open negotiations with Mas'ud as a result of
which Farawah is given to Beghu, Nisa to Tughril, and Dihistan
to Da'ud.— RT. 123-4, notes.
31st August, H. 427, 6th Zl'1-qa'dah. Majdud ibn Mas'ud
appointed governor of the territory east of the Indus, with his
headquarters at Lahor. — RT. 95.
H. 428. Mas'ud, repenting of his expedition to Hindustan,
returns to GhaznI. He marches to Balkh, where his followers
urge him to attack the Saljuqs. He refuses and marches against
Tuz-Tigm. Da'ud, SaljuqT, marching from Sarakhs towards Balkh
intercepts and forces him to retreat, and Tuz-Tigm falling on
the rear of the army plunders it and carries off the best horses
and camels. — EHI. iv, 197.
118 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
1036
1037
1037
1038
5th October, H. 428, 21st Zi'1-hijjah. Mas'ud leaves (rhazin
for Kabul. Leaves Kabul for Hansi 6th Muharram, 429 (19th
October), and encamps on the Jhilam on the 25th of the same
month. Leaving the Jhilam on the 17th Safar (29th November)
he reaches and invests Hans! 9th Rabi' I (20th December), which
surrenders on the 20th of the same month (31st December).
Firishtah and Mirkhond represent the capture of Hansi as occurring
in H. 427.— EHI. ii, 59, 139 ff.
H. 428. The Saljiiqs advance on Hirat, but are repulsed and
forced to retire.— RT. 122, note 8.
Toyimadeva, son of AkkadevI, feudatory governor of Banavasi
under Jayasimha II, Western Chalukya. — EKD., Bom. Gaz., 437.
L.K. 12-41. Kshemendra Yyasadasa, Kashmirian poet: author
of the Vrihatkathamanjari (Lokakala 12), the Bhdratamanjari, the
Kaldvildsa, the Samayamatrika (Lokakala 25), the Dasdvatdracharita
(Lokakala 41); the Suvrittatilaka and other works. — BKR. 45,
46, 75. JBRAS. xvi, 167 ff. PR. i, 4 ff. JA., 8e serie, t. vi, 400 ;
vii, 216 ff.
Yijayapala, Chandella, succeeds Yidhyadhara. Contemporary
with Gahgeyadeva of Chedi: married Bhuvanadevi. — EI. i, 219.
H. 429. The Saljiiqs again invade Khurasan, and annex the
territory in the name of Tughril Beg. — RT. 122, n. 8.
H. 429. Mas'ud having captured Hansi returns to Ghazni in
Rabi' II, and in the same year sends Subashi, the Hajib, against
the Saljuqs, with orders to expel them from Khurasan. He
attacks them unsuccessfully, and they acquire power over Khurasan,
Tughril Beg, son of Mika'il, son of Saljuq, assuming sovereignty
at Nlshapiir and appointing his brother Da'ud to Sarakhs and
his uncle Beghu to Merv. Some authorities date the establishment
of the Saljuqi dynasty from this event, while others refer it to the
year 431 after the battle of Tal-qan.— RT. 94, 124, 125, notes, 132.
1st May, H. 429, 23rd Rajab. ' Abdu - r - Razzaq appointed
governor of Peshawar. — EHI. ii, 142.
Chedi Sam. 789, Piawan inscription. Gahgeyadeva, Yikrama-
ditya, Kalachuri of Chedi, son and successor of Kokkalla II,
contemporary with the Chandella Yijayapala; mentioned by Al-
Biruni (a.d. 1030) as ruler of Dahala : reigned probably till about
a.d. 1040.— CASR. xxi, 113. EI. ii.. 304.
a.d. 1038—1040.
119
A.D.
1038
1039
mo
1040
3rd May, 6. 960. Vajrahasta Y, Later Ganga of Kalihga and
son of Kamarnava V, succeeds Madhu Kamarnava VI. — EI. iii,
220 (undated Parla-Kiniedi copper-plates); ib. iv, 183 (Nadagani
inscription, S. 979).
Jayakesin of the Manalur family, and Irivabedanga-Marasimha,
apparently of the same stock, holding the office of Nadgamundu of
the Puligere district under Jayasimha II, Western Chalukya. —
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 437.
Dlpahkara Srijnana (Jovo Atisa) visits Tibet, whither he was
invited by King Chaiichhub on a mission for the reform of
Buddhism. He remained in the country about fifteen years,
reviving the Mahayana doctrine. He wrote various works on
Buddhism, of which the Bodhipatha Pradipa is the most famous.
See a.d. 980.— JBA. lviii, 40; lx, 51.
N. Sam. 159. Lakshmlkama reigning in Nepal. — Refs. under
a.d. 1015.
9th March, H. 430, 10th Jumada' II. News arrives that Da'Qd,
Saljuqi, had reached Tal-qan with a powerful army, and on the 16th
that he had reached Fariyab and was on the way to Shaburghan.
On the 20th his chamberlain Altl Sakman arrives with 2,000 horse-
men at the gates of Balkh and plunders two villages. He is,
however, driven off by a small body of troops under one of the
Hajibs and retires to 'Ali-abad. Da'ud advancing thither from
Shaburghan is routed by Mas'ud 9th Rajab. Several partial
engagements take place up to the 5th Shauwal, and an accommo-
dation is at length arrived at with the Saljuqs by which tracts
about Nisa, Baward, and Farawah are assigned to them. Mas'ud
returns to Hirat and passes the winter at Nishapur, his forces
being encamped about Baihaq, Khowaf, Bakhurz, Isfand, and Tus.
— RT. 128-132, notes. EHI. ii, 142.
June-July, H. 430, Shauwal. Death of the poet Abu-1-Fath
Bust! Shaikh who flourished under Mahmud of Ghazni. — BOD. 23.
Nayapala of Bengal, son and successor of Mahipala : reigned at
least fifteen years. A Bengal MS. of the Paficha-Rakshd is dated
in his fourteenth, and a Gaya inscription in his fifteenth year. —
Bendall, BSM., Int. iii, and p. 175. CASR. iii, 123, and pi. xxxvii.
&. 962. Somesvara I, Trailokyamalla I, Ahavamalla II, Western
Chalukya, succeeds his father Jayasimha II : till a.d. 1069. Married
120
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1040
1041
BachaladevI, Chandalakabbe, Mailaladevi, and Ketaladevi. Said to
have fought with the Cholas and to have captured Dhara, forcing
Bhoja to flee. Bilhana ( Vikramahkaeharita) represents him as
attacking Chedi or Dahala and deposing or slaying Karna, and as
defeating the king of the Dravidas or Cholas and capturing his
capital of Kanchi. He attributes to Somesvara the foundation of
Kalyana as the Chalukya capital. According to the same author,
Somesvara' s second son Yikramaditya whom he had destined to be
his successor, won many victories during his father's reign, subduing
the Cholas, aiding the king of Malava against his enemies, invading
the Gauda country (Bengal) and Kamarupa (Assam), etc. — In-
scriptions numerous, ranging from &. 966-90. See PSOCI.,
Nos. 92, 139, 156, 157, 158, and 216. IA. iv, 179, etc. EKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 438. BD. 82.
16th March, H. 431, 28th Jumada' II. Mas'iid prepares for
a fresh campaign against the Saljuqs, and marches, 19th Sha'ban
(5th May), from Sarakhs towards Merv, but at Tal-qan, beyond
the river Marwa-r-Rud, he is defeated, 9th Ram. (24th May),
after a three days' struggle, and returns to Ghazni. Baizawi
places this event in H. 432. Tughril, Da'ud, and their uncle
Beghu divide Khurasan amongst them. — BE. i, 110. RT. 94;
131, n. 7; 132, n. 9.
&. 962, inscription from Mantur, Mudhol State. Ereyamma or
Erega, Ratta of Saundatti, son of Kannakaira I, feudatory of
Jayasimha II, "Western Chalukya. Nolamba-Pallava-Bommanayya,
Pallava, governing the five towns of the Masavadi country in this
and the year 1042, under the same king. — I A. xix, 161. EKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 333, 437, 553.
Y. Sam. 1096. Santisuri or Yadivetala of the Tharapadra
Gachchha dies : author of an Uttaradhyaijanasutrafilca. — YOJ. iv,
67. PR. iv, Index, cxix.
H. 432. Mas'iid, entering Hindustan to raise fresh troops for his
campaign against the Saljuqs, is deposed by his army, who restore
his brother Muhammad to the throne. — RT. 95, 96.
H. 432. Tughril Beg, Saljuqi, having acquired territory in
'Iraq-i-'Ajam, obtains the Khalifah's consent to his assuming
sovereignty and the title of Sultan. He reserves 'Iraq-i-'Ajam
for himself with Rai as capital. His elder brother Jaghar Beg-i-
Da'ud receives Khurasan with Merv (some say Balkh) as capital ;
their uncle Beghu obtaining Kirman, Tabas, Harl (Hirat), Bust,
a.d. 1041—1045. , 121
A.D.
1041
1042
1045
and such parts of Hind as he could wrest from the rulers of GhaznI.
— RT. 132, n. 9.
Monday, January 18th, Chedi Sam. 793 on Benares copper-plate.
Karnadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi, son and successor of Gangeyadeva :
married the Huna princess Avalladevl. Founded the town of
Karnavatl and built a temple called Kama's Meru at Kasi or
Benares (Jabalpur copper-plate). Said to have subdued the Pan-
dyas, Muralas, Kuhgas, Vahgas, Kalihgas, Kiras, and Hunas
( Bhera-ghat inscription) ; and to have been waited upon by the
Choda, Kuhga, Huna, Gauda, Gurjara, and Kira princes (Karanbel
inscription). Udayaditya of Malava is said, in the Nagpur prasasti,
to have delivered the earth " which was troubled by kings and taken
possession of by Kama." The defeat of Kama by Gopala, general
of the Chandella, Klrtivarman, is recorded both in inscriptions and
in Krishnamisra's Prabodhachandrodaya. Hemachandra records his
overthrow by Bhimadeva II of Anhilvad (a.d. 1021-63), while
Bilhana ( Vikramdhkadevacharita) represents him as being conquered
by the Western Chalukya Somesvara I. A poet, Gahgadhara, is
mentioned by Bilhana as having nourished at Kama's court. —
Vikramtihlcacharita, 18, 95. 1A. xvii, 215. EI. ii, 297 ff. CASK.
ix, 82.
6th January, H. 433, 11th Jumada' I. Mas'ud murdered by his
nephew Ahmad, son of Muhammad. Maudud, on hearing at Balkh
of his father's murder, advances to GhaznI to secure the capital.
In the same year he defeats Muhammad at JNagrahar and puts
him to death.— EHI. ii, 256; iv, 194, 198. ET. 95, 96. BF.
i, 116.
H. 434. Tughril, Saljuql, annexes Khwarizm. — KT. 232, notes.
H. 435. The kings of Mawarau-n-Nahr submit to Maudud, but
the Saljuqs under Alp Arsalan resist, and a horde invade Garmsir
but are defeated by the army of Maudud. In the same year Maudud
marches to Lahor where he quells an insurrection and obtains posses-
sion of a number of forts. — EHI. iv, 200-1.
6. 967, 969, 970. Chavundaraya, Kadamba feudatory of Bana-
vasi under the Western Chalukya Somesvara I. — IA. iv, 179
(Balagamve inscription of S. 970).
Sihganadevarasa ruling the Kisukad, Banavasi, and Santalige
districts under Somesvara I, and Kaliyammarasa of the Jlmuta-
vahana lineage and the Khachara race, apparently a branch of
122 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D
1045
1045
1048
the Silahara stock, governing the Basavura district at the same
date and under the same king. — FKD., Bom. Gaz.y 439.
TJdayamati, consort of Bhimadeva, builds the Rani's Wav or
well at Anhilvad.
H. 440. Maudiid dies at Ghazni. His son Mas'M succeeds
him, but being an infant, his uncle Bahau-d-Dm 'All is elected
king, and is in turn deposed by 'Abdu-r-Rashld Izzu-d-Daulah.
Great discrepancy exists among historians as to the date of these
events, Maudiid' s death being generally placed in H. 441 and
'Abdu-r-Rashid's accession in H. 443. A coin of 'Abdu-r-Rashid's
proves him to have been reigning, however, in H. 440. — JRAS.,
o.s., ix, 277. RT. 97, 98. EHI. iv, 202.
&. 969, inscription at Sindigere, Maisiir. Vinayaditya, Hoysala,
governing the country between the province of the Kohkan and
the Bhadadavayal, Talakad, and Savimale districts as feudatory of
the Western Chalukya, Vikramaditya VI. Another inscription at
Nirgund, Maisiir, makes him a contemporary of the Gahga, Kongali-
varman, and records that in &. 998 he was governing the
Gahgavadi district. He seems to have outlived his son Ereyahga, of
whom no records have been found, though he, apparently, succeeded
his father, and ruled as a feudatory of either Somesvara I or
Somesvara II the Western Chalukyas. Vinayaditya probably
reigned until about a.d. 1 100. He married Keleyaladevi.
The early princes of the Hoysala dynasty ruled as powerful
feudatories over parts of the Dekkan, their capital, when they
first appear in history, being Dvaravatipura or Dvarasamudra, the
modern Halebid in Maisiir. Vishnu vardhan a established the inde-
pendence of the dynasty, and under his grandson Vira-Ballala,
the first to assume regal titles, its sovereignty was extended over
the greater part of the Chalukya dominions. Ballala's successor
lost the bulk of these to the Yadavas of Devagiri. Ultimately
the Hoysala dominion was overthrown in a.d. 1310 by the
Muhammadans under Malik Kafur.— RMI. 307, 329. FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 491-2. REC, Inscriptions in the Mysore District, Int. 14
and ii, etc.
$. 970 exp., Ahkulesvara temple inscriptions. Ahka, Ratta
feudatory of Saundatti under Somesvara I, Western Chalukya : son
of Kannakaira I.— JBRAS. x, 172. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 551, 553.
a.d. 1049—1053. 123
H. 441. Death of the poet Abu'l Qasim Hasan Ahmad ibn
'TTnsari, a native of Balkh, considered the first genius of his age.
Flourished at the court of Mahmud of Ghaznl.— BOD. 410. EHI.
iv, 515.
V. Sam. 1107, Nanyaura copper-plate. Devavarmadeva, Chan-
della, son and successor of Vijayapala. — I A. xvi, 204. EI. i, 219.
CASK, xxi, 81.
Tuesday, 15th January, &. 972, copper-plate from Surat. Trilo-
chanapala, a prince of the Chaulukya lineage, ruling over Latadesa
and claiming direct descent through Gohgiraja, Kirtiraja, and
Vatsarajafrom Barapa the contemporary of Mulara/ja I of Anhilvad.
—See a.d. 975. IA. xii, 196 ; xviii, 91 ; BD. 80, 81.
The Madhurd Purdna, a Tamil version of the Hdldsya-Mdhdtmya,
written by the Brahman Parunjoti in the reign of Harivira-
Pandya.— LIA. ii, 24.
H. 444. Da'ud, Saljuqi, and his son Alp Arsalan advance on
Ghaznl, Da'ud proceeding to Bust by way of Sijistan, Alp Arsalan
entering the country from Tukharistan. 'Abdu-r-Rashid makes
Tughril, one of the Mahmudi slaves, general of his forces, and
sends him against Alp Arsalan whom he defeats at the Khumar Pass.
Tughril pushes on to Bust where Da'ud retires before him, and
entering Sijistan overthrows Beghu uncle of Da'ud. — RT. 98, 99.
6. 974. Jayakesin I, Kadamba of Goa, feudatory of the Western
Chalukya, Somesvara I. Said to have slain the king of Kapardi-
kadvipa, perhaps Mamvani of the Northern Kohkan (a.d. 1060);
to have destroyed the Cholas, nprooted Kamadeva, conquered the
Alupas, established the Chalukyas, and reconciled them to the
Cholas and to have made Gopakapattana his capital. Was probably
son-in-law of Karnadeva Chaulukya (%-v.). — Gudikatti inscription.
EKD., Bom. Ga%.'t 567.
H. 444, Tughril returns to Ghaznl, deposes 'Abdu-r-Rashid,1
and ascends the throne, but is himself slain forty days later by
1 Yafa'i says 'Abdu-r-Rashid died H. 450 after reigning nearly seven years.
The Tazkiratu-l-Muluk gives him a four years' reign. Faslhl and the
Muntakhabu-t-Tawdrlkh agree in stating that 'Abdu-r-Rashid succeeded in
H. 443, was imprisoned in H. 444 by Tughril who was put to death the same
year, and succeeded by Farrukhzad, but Fasiln does not mention 'Abdu-r-itashld's
death. See a.d. 1048.
124 THE CHRONOLOGY OF IKDTA.
A.D.
1053
1054
1055
1058
1059
Nush-Tigln a Turk Silah-dar, when Farrukh-zad a son of Mas'ud
is raised to the throne 9th Z'11-qa'dah (2nd March). Soon after his
accession the Saljuqs advance on Ghazni, but he encounters and
defeats them, slaying many and taking some prisoners. — RT. 98,
n. 8; 99 ff. ; 102, n. 1.
To this period is assigned the rise of the Sumra dynasty of Sindh.
Mir M'asum, the historian, relates that the inhabitants of Sindh,
disgusted with the weakness of 'Abdu-r-Rashid's rule, threw off
his yoke and chose a ruler of their own named Sumra, who founded
the dynasty of that name. — EHT. i, 215, 344.
Chi-chi-siang, Jnanasri (?), Indian Sramana, arrives in China.
Two works are ascribed to him. — BN. 456.
Mailaladevi, wife of the "Western Chalukya Somesvara I, governing
the Banavasi district, and his eldest son, Somesvara, ruling the
Belvola and Puligere districts. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 440.
5. 976, Honvad inscription. Ketaladevi, wife of the "Western
Chalukya Somesvara I, governing the Ponnavada district. Revarasa,
of the family of Kartavirya, governing in the neighbourhood of
Kembhavi as feudatory of the same king. — IA. xix, 268. FKI).,
Bom. Gaz., 439.
Y. Sam. 1112, Mandhata copper-plate. Jayasimha, Paramara
of Malava and successor of Bhoja. — EI. iii, 46.
6. 977, Bankapur stone inscription. Harikesarideva, Kadamba
feudatory of Banavasi under Gangapermanadi Yikramaditya, who
was himself viceroy of that and the Gangavadi district under his
father the Western Chalukya Somesvara I. — IA. iv, 203.
&. 980, date on Miraj plate. Marasimha, Gonkana-Ankakara,
Guheyana-Sihga, &ilahara of Kolhapur, nephew and successor of
Chandraditya. The district ruled by this branch of the &ilahara
family included the greater part, if not the whole, of the Kolhapur
state, their capital being Karahata, the modern Karacl in the Satara
district.— FED., Bom. Gaz., 439, 544, 547. BD. 122. JRAS.,
o.s., ii, 384; iv, 281.
Anorat'azo, i.e. Anuruddha, conquers ThatSn : from this event
is dated the beginning of Burmese civilization. — I A. xxi, 94. See
Ency. Brit.
March, H. 451, Safar, or perhaps H. 450. Death of Farrukh-zad
a.d. 1059—1063. 125
of Ghazni. His brother Zahiru-d-Daulah Ibrahim succeeds him.
Soon after his accession Da'Qd, Saljuql, sends an embassy to him
and enters into a treaty of peace. RT. 102 and note 2, 103.
H. 451. Alp Arsalan succeeds his father Da 'ud-i- Jaguar Beg
in Khurasan. — RT. 133, note.
&. 982, Ambarnath inscription. Mummuni, Mamvani, or &riman
Yani, Silahara of the Northern Kohkan, brother and successor of
Nagarjuna.— JBRAS. xii, 329.
The poet Abu-1-Faraj Run!, panegyrist of Sultan Ibrahim of
Ghazni and author of a Diwan, may have flourished about this
date. — Sprenger, Oudh MS8.t i, 308.
H. 453. Birth of 'Alau-d-Daulah Mas'M, son of Ibrahim and
afterwards Sultan of Ghazni.— RT. 107.
Ereyanga, Hoysala, son of Yinayaditya. Said to have made
conquests in the north and to have subjugated territories once held
by Bhoja of Dhara : married Echaladevi. — FED., Bom. Gaz., 492.
REC, Inscriptions in the Mysore District, 14. See a.d. 1048.
L.K. 39, Kart. su. 6. Anantadeva of Kashmir crowns his son
Kalasadeva, but continues to wield the royal power. — Rajat. vii, 233.
September, H. 455 Ram. Alp Arsalan ascends the throne of
'Iraq and Khurasan.— RT. 132, note 2.
Y. Sam. 1120. Karna I, Trailokyamalla, Chaulukya, succeeds
his father Bhimadeva I: till a.d. 1093. The Dvyasrayakosha of
Hemachandra and Abhayatilaka says Karna married Mayanalladevi,
daughter of a Kadamba king, Jayakesin, who ruled at Chandrapura
in the Dekkan. This Jayakesin was probably the Kadamba of
Goa who was reigning in &. 974.— I A. iv, 233; vi, 186. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 567. EI. i, 316. (Copper- plate inscriptions from
Siinak, Northern Gujarat, of Y. Sam. 1148, Monday, 5th May,
1091.)
Yijayaditya (YII), Eastern Chalukya, viceroy of Yengi under his
nephew Kulottuhga Chodadeva I. — IA. xx. 276.
Somadeva, Kashmirian poet, flourished between a.d. 1063 and
1082 : author of the KatMsaritsdgara. — Sitz. Berichte Wiener Akad.
hist. phi. CI, ex, 545 ff. JA., 8* serie, t. vii, 216 ff. BKR. 50.
126 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDTA.
A.D.
1064
1065
1065
1068
5. 986, 988, inscriptions from the Jatiiiga-Ramesvara hill, Chital-
durg, and from Davahgere, Maisur. Vishnuvardhana-Vijayaditya,
fourth son of Somesvara I, the "Western Chalukya, ruling the
Nolambavadi district. He seems to have been partly of Eastern
Chalukya descent.— EI. iv, 212. PSOCI., No. 136. EMI., p. 19.
IA. xx, 278. FKD., Bom Gaz., 454.
Jayasimha, third son of the "Western Chalukya, Somesvara I, ruling
the Tardavadi district (the territory round Bijapur). In a.d. 1072
he seems to have been ruling the Nolainbavadi district, while
from a.d. 1077-1082 he had charge, as yuvaraja, of the Banavasi,
Santalige, Belvola, Puligere, and Basavalli districts under his
brother Vikramaditya VI. He then rebelled and was deprived
of his post, dying probably before Vikramaditya. — EI. iv, 214.
FKD., Bom. Gas,., 440, 453.
V. Sam. 1120. Abhayadevasuri, founder of the Brihat Kharatara
Gachchha and called Navahgavrittikrit from the commentaries com-
posed by him on nine of the Ahgas, writes his commentaries on the
sutras of the four Angas. Abhayadeva was a native of Dhara,
the son of a merchant Dhana. He was made suri by JinesVarasuri
in V. Sam. 1088 = a.d. 1032, and died at Kapadvanaj in Gujarat
in Y. Sam. 1135 = a.d. 1079.— PR. i, 67; iv, Index, iv.
N. Sam. 185 on MS. Pradyumnakamadeva or Padmadeva, of
the Navakot Thakuri dynasty, and son of Baladeva, reigning in
Nepal. His successors were : his son Nagarjunadeva, a.d. 1072,
and grandson &ahkaradeva, a.d. 1075, after whose death Yamadeva,
a collateral descendant of Amsuvarman's family, assisted by the
chiefs in Lalitapattana and Kantipura, expelled the Navakot
Thakuris and founded the second Thakuri or Rajput dynasty,
a.d. 1092.— Refs. under a.d. 1015. See also a.d. 1081.
Mahpal Khan, Gakk'har chief, said to have nourished. — JBA.
xl, 72.
£.988, inscription from Hottur, Bankapur taluka. Toyimadeva,
Kadamba, ruling the Banavasi and Panuhgal districts as feudatory
of the Western Chalukya Somesvara I. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 564.
6. 990-999. Kirtivarman II or Kirtideva I, son of Tailapa I,
Kadamba feudatory of Banavasi under the Chalukyas Somesvara I
and Vikramaditya VI.
a.d. 1068—1069. 127
The exact relationship of the Kadambas of Banavasi to the early
Kadambas is unknown. Judging by their name, they were pro-
bably not their direct lineal descendants. Kirtivarman II is the
first Kadamba ruler of whom anything historical is known. It is
impossible to rely on the genealogical lists of his ancestors furnished
by the Kadamba inscriptions, as these give no historical data by
which their accuracy can be tested. — IA. iv, 206, No. 3. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 561.
&. 991. Somesvara II, Bhuvanaikamalla, Western Chalukya,
succeeds his father Somesvara I. His brother Yikramaclitya con-
tinues the campaign begun in his father's reign. After receiving
the submission of Jayakesin the Kadamba of Goa and of the king of
the Alupas, he proceeds against the Cholas, but concludes an alliance
with their king, Yira-Rajendra I, and marries his daughter. A
revolution occurring some time after in the Chola kingdom, on
Yira-Rajendra's death, Yikramaditya proceeds to Kanchi and places
his brother-in-law, Parakesarivarman, son of the late king, on the
throne. To the time of Somesvara belongs the Bhairanmatti
inscription of his feudatory the Sinda Sevyarasa, whose immediate
ancestors were : his father Polasinda, grandfather ISagaditya, and
great-grandfather Pulikala, a contemporary of the Western Chalukya
Tailapa.— Inscriptions ranging from &. 991-997. PSOCL, Nos. 92,
159, 160, 161, and 162. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 533, 442. BD. 84.
EI. iii, 230 ff.
Tuesday, 4th August, S. 991, copper-plate from Bassein, Thana
district. Seunachandra II, Yadava of Seunadesa, successor of
Bhillaraa III, according to the Bassein grant, though Hemadri
inserts a Yadugi, a Yesugi, and a Bhillama (IY) between Bhillama III
and Seunachandra II. The same authority represents Seunachandra
as having saved the Western Chalukya Paramardideva, i.e. Yikrama-
ditya YI (a.d. 1076-1126), from a coalition of his enemies and to
have reinstated him on his throne, an allusion possibly to the
wars waged against him by his brother Somesvara in conjunction
with the prince of Yengi.— IA. xii, 119 ff. BD. 103. EKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 515.
Tuesday, 21st July, 6. 991, inscription from Yaghli, Khandesh,
of the Maurya chieftain Govindaraja, feudatory of the Yadava
Seunachandra II.— EI. ii, 221 ff.
Y. Sam. 1125. Nami ^vetambara writes a commentary on
Rudrata Satananda's Kuvyalahkara. — PR. i, 14 ff.
128 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1069
1070
1070
1071
1072
Y. Sam. 1125. Jinachandra, the Jaina pontiff, writes the Sam-
vegarangasuld. — BR. 1882-3, 46.
(Inscription of &. 1028, 37th year.) Rajendra-Chola II, Raja-
kesarivarman or Rajiga, son of the Eastern Chalukya, Rajaraja I
and AmmahgadevI, daughter of Rajendra-Chola I, deposes Para-
kesarivarman and seizes the Cho]a crown, after which he is called
Kulottuhga Choladeva(I). Claims to have conquered Chakrakotta,
during his yuvarajaship ; to have defeated the king of Kuntala and
to have pursued Yikkala (Yikramaditya YI) as far as the Tunga-
bhadra; and to have conquered the seven Kalihgas. Kulottuhga
married Madhurantaki, daughter of Parakesarivarman Rajendradeva.
— El.iv, 70 ff. IA.v, 320; xix, 329 ; xx, 276 ; xxi, 283. MGO.,
6th August, 1892, No. 544, pp. 9, 10.
Rajaraja, Later Gahga of Kalihga, succeeds his father Yajra-
hasta Y and reigns eight years. Married Hajasundari, daughter of
Kajendra-Chola I. Represented in a grant of his son Ananta-
varman Chodagahga, as protecting Yij ay aditya of Yehgi (a.d. 1063-
1077, q.v.).— IA. xviii, 169, 171.
Karhavati founded on the site of the present Ahmadabad by
Karnadeva of Gujarat.
Bilhana, Kashmirian poet, flourished about a.d. 1070-1090. He
left Kashmir in the reign of Kalasa (a.d. 1064-1088) probably
about a.d. 1065, visited various Indian courts, becoming finally
Chief Pandit to the Western Chalukya Yikramaditya YI, for whom
he wrote, probably about a.d. 1085, his great work the Vihramdnka-
devacharita, describing Yikramaditya' s campaigns against the Cholas.
Wrote also the Chaurapafichdsikd. — BKR. 48. Vikramunkadeva-
charita, ed. Biihler, p. 23. I A. v, 317 ; xx, 278.
Lakshmarasa, feudatory ruler of the Belvola and Puligere dis-
tricts under the Western Chalukya Somes vara II. — PKD., Bom.
Gaz., 443.
&. 993, Balagamve inscriptions of the Western Chalukya Somes-
vara II and his leader of the forces, Udayaditya. An inscription
of the same year mentions Jayasimha, Somesvara's younger brother,
as governing the Nolambavadi district.— PSOCI. 159, 160. EKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 443.
Baladevayya, feudatory of the Western Chalukya Somesvara II. —
EKD., Bom. Gaz., 443.
a.d. 1073—1076. 129
A.D.
1073 Y. Sam. 1129. Devendragani or jSemichandra writes his com-
mentary on the Uttarddhyayanasutra. Wrote also the Akhydnaka-
manikosa. — PR. iv, Index, lix. Weber, Catal. ii, 1213, 1214.
Y. Sam. 1130. The Karmakriydkdnda written by Somasambhu,
pupil of Sasiva. — BKR. 77.
107 Ij. Yigrahapala III, of Bengal, succeeded his father Nayapala ; the
Amgachhl copper-plate of his twelfth or thirteenth year being
referred by Kielhorn to the 2nd March, 1086.— CASR. iii, 118.
IA. xxi, 97 ff.; xxii, 108.
Nakimayya, feudatory ruler of the Tardavadi district under the
Western Chalukya Somesvara IT. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 443.
6. 996, inscription from Niralgi, Dharvad. Yikramaditya, Western
Chalukya, governing the Banavasi district, apparently as feudatory
of his brother Somesvara II. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 443-4.
1075 Gangapermanadi-Bhuvanaikavira-TTdayMitya of the Western
Ganga family, governing the Banavasi, Santalige, and Mandali
districts under the Western Chalukya Somesvara II. Kaliyammarasa
of the Jimutavahana lineage governing the Basavura district as
his subordinate. To the same date belong the feudatory officials
Somesvarabhatta and Kesavadityadeva. — FKD., Bom. Gazn 443.
See a.d. 1071.
6. 997, 1011, &antivarman II, son of Jayavarman II, Kadamba
feudatory of Hangal, under the Western Chalukyas Somesvara II
and Yikramaditya YI : married Siriyadevi of the Pandya family.
— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 561.
1075 The poet Chakrapani flourished between a.d. 1075 and 1100.
He is mentioned in an inscription of the poet Gangadhara (&. 1059 =
a.d. 1137) and seems to be the Chakrapani whose verses occur in
&ridharadasa's Saduktikarndmrita (a.d. 1205). — EI. ii, 333. See
under a.d. 1137.
1076 14th February, &. 997, Phal. sudi, 5. Beginning of the Chalukya
Yikramavarsha era.
S. 998. Rajiga, king of Yengi, having deposed the Chola king
Parakesarivarman and seized the Chola crown, joins Somesvara
against Yikramaditya. The latter proving victorious, deposes
Somesvara and ascends the Chalukya throne as Yikramaditya YI,
Permadi, Kalivikrama, Yikramanka, or Tribhuvanamalla. Yikrama-
ditya introduced the above era the first year of which was that o
9
130 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
1076 his accession, i.e. 1076. It fell, however, into disuse soon after
his death. He reigned for fifty years, crushing a rebellion of his
brother Jayasimha, viceroy of Banavasi, in alliance with the Dravida
king and other chiefs, and repulsing, through his general Achugi,
an invasion of his kingdom by the Hoysa]a Yishnuvardhana, and
the kings of the Pandya country, Goa and the Kohkan. — BD. 85 If.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 444 ff. For the numerous inscriptions of this
reign see PSOCL, Nos. 82, 90, 103, 108, 113, 137, 138, 163-177,
217, and 218. IA. v, 317 ff. ; viii, 10; x, 185 and 273. ASSX.
iii, 167. (Gutti inscriptions of 46th and 47th years.) See a.d. 1070.
Y. Sam. 1133, copper - plates from Manpiir near Bulandshahr,
of the Dor Raja Ananga. — Growse's Bulandshahr, 37. JBA.
xxxviii, 21.
&.998, inscription from Nidagundi, Dharvad, Singana or Singa II,
of the Sindas of Yelburga, son of Achugi I, ruling the Kisukad
district as feudatory of the Western Chalukya Somesvara II. — FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 574.
Y. Sam. 1132, Jinadattasuri, son of Yachhigamantrin and Yahada-
devi of the Humbadagotra, born. Wrote the Sandehadoluvali, etc.
Succeeded Jinavallabha in the Kharatara Gachchha. Died at Ajmir
V. Sam. 1211 =a.d. 1155.— PK. iv, Index, xxxv. Klatt, IA. xi,
248, No. 44.
1077 Barmadeva, feudatory ruler of the Banavasi and Santalige districts
under the Western Chalukya, Yikramaditya YI. — FKD., Bern.
Gaz., 450.
Rajaraja II, Eastern Chalukya, second son of Kulottunga Choda-
deva I, appointed viceroy of Yengi by his father on the death
of Yijayaditya. — IA. xx, 284.
Jayasimha, younger brother of the Western Chalukya, Yikrama-
ditya YI, governing the Banavasi, Santalige, Belvola, Puligere,
and Basavalli districts as yuvaraja from 1077 to 1082 a.d. He
subsequently rebelled and was deprived of his post. See a.d. 1064.
—FKD., Bom. Gaz., 453-4.
H. 470, death of Abu-1-Fazl-i-Muhammad, son of Husain, Al-
Baihaqi, author of the Maqawdtu-l-'Amid-i-Alu Nasr-i-Mishkdn,
and the TariTdi-i-Al-i- Sabuk- Tigln or Tarikh-i-Yaminl. — BT. Iu5,
n. 4.
1078 Saturday, 17th February, &. 1000 current. Anantavarman Choda-
gangadeva, Later Ganga of Kalinga, son of Rajaraja and Rajasundari,
a.d. 1078—1080. 131
A.I).
1078
1079
1080
1080
daughter of Rajendra-Chola I, succeeds his father. — IA. xviii, 161 ff.
(copper-plates of 0. 1003, 1040, 1057).
General references for the Ganga dynasty : — EI. iii, 17 (Alamanda
copper-plate of Anantavarmadeva, son of Rajendravarman, and dated
the 304th year of the Gangeya race) ; ib. 127 (Achyutapuram copper-
plates of Indravarman of the year 87); ib. 130 (Chicacole copper-
plates of Devendravarman, 183rd year). I A. xiii, 119, 122 (Chicacole
copper-plates of Indravarman, 128th and 146th years); ib. 273
(Chicacole copper-plates of Devendravarman, 51st year); xvi, 131
(Parla-Kimedi copper-plates of Indravarman, 91st year); xviii,
143 (Vizagapatam copper-plate of Devendravarman, 254th year).
Thursday, 23rd August, &. 1001. Yira-Chodadeva, Yishnu-
vardhana (IX), third son of Kulotturiga Chodadeva I, succeeds
his brother Rajaraja as viceroy of Yengl; reigns at least twenty-
three years, his seat of government heing Jananathanagari in the
Vengi country. — ASSI. iii, 49, No. 39 (grant from Chellur, Godavaii
district, of 21st year), and IA. xix, 423; ib. xx, 284 (unpublished
grant of 23rd year).
H. 471. Ibrahim confines his son Saifu-d-Daulah Mahmud at
Ghazni for conspiring with Sultan Malik Shah the Saljuq. — RT. 105,
note 6.
Sunday, March 24th, H. 471, 18th Ram. Commencement of
the era of Jalalu-d-Din Tughlaq Shah of Khwarizm, reckoned by
Julian years.
L.K. 55, Jyeshtha. Anantadeva of Kashmir, at war with his
son, transfers his residence to Yijayesvara (Yijabror). — Rajat. vii,
361.
V. Sam. 1137, Udepur temple inscription. TJdayaditya, Para-
mara of Malava, successor of Jayasimha. Stated, in the Nagpur
prasasti to have freed the land from the dominion of Earna (of
Chedi).— IA. xx, 83. EI. i, 233; ii, 181; iii, 47, 48. CASR.
ix, 109.
Y. Sam. 1136. Birth of Aryarakshita, founder in Y. Sam. 1169
of the Anchala Gachchha of the Jains. — PR. iv, Ind. xii.
Ramapala of Bengal succeeded his father Yigrahapala. — CASR.
iii, 124 (Bihar inscription of the year 2); xi, 169 (Chandi-mau
inscription of twelfth year). — EI. ii, 348.
132 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1081 L.K. 57, Kart. su. 15. Anantadeva of Kashmir dies; Kalasa's
actual reign begins. — Rajat. vii, 452.
Nep. Sam. 201. Eamapala writes the SeJcaniradesapanfiku, pro-
bably a commentary on the work of Nagarjuna Chaturrnudranvya,
during the reign of Vamadeva of Nepal. — JRAS. 1891, p. 687.
1082 6. 1004, 1010, 1018, inscriptions from Tidgundi, Koniir, and
Saundatti. Kannakaira II, Kanna, Ratta of Saundatti, ruling as
feudatory of the Western Chalukya Yikramaditya YI (a.d. 1076-
1 127). Ruled in conjunction with his brother Kartavlrya II, under
Somesvara II, Western Chalukya (a.d. 1069-1076).— EI. iii, 306.
JBRAS. x, 180, 287. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 553.
&. 1005, copper-plate from Tidgundi. Munja, son of Sinclaraja,
son of Bhima of the Sinda race, though apparently of a different
branch to that of the Sindas of Yelburga. Ruling as feudatory of
Yikramaditya YI, Western Chalukya. — IA. i, 80. FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 450.
Y. Sam. 1139. The Ifahaviracharita written by Gunachandra.
—BR. 1883-4, 152.
Y. Sam. 1139. Guruchandra and Chandragani, both pupils of
Sumativachaka, wrote each a Srlvzracharita in this year. — PR. iv,
Ind. xxvi, xxviii.
1084 Satyadeva ruling in the neighbourhood of Gobbur (Nizam's
Dominions) as feudatory of the Western Chalukya Yikramaditya YI.
— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 450.
1085 Kaliyammarasa of the Jimutavahana lineage and the Khachara
race," governing the Basavura district as feudatory of the Western
Chalukya Yikramaditya YI. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 450. See a.d.
1045 and 1075.
1085 Lakshmadeva, Paramara of Malava, son and successor of Udaya-
ditya, according to the Nagpur prasasti. — EI. ii, 182.
Durlabha III, Chahamana, son and successor of Yiryarama. Was
contemporary with Udayaditya of Malava (a.d. 1080) and Karna-
deva I of Gujarat (a.d. 1063-1093).— YOJ. vii, 191.
1087 S. 1009, inscription from Saundatti. Kartavlrya II, brother of
Kannakaira II, Ratta feudatory of Saundatti under the Western
Chalukya Somesvara II (a.d. 1069-1076) and Yikramaditya YI.
—JBRAS. x, 171, 172, 173. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 554.
a.d. 1087—1093. 133
Thursday, 8th April, S. 1008, Sltabaldi inscription. Dhadia-
dcva or Dhadibhandaka of the Rashtrakuta race, governing in
the neighbourhood of Sltabaldi, near Nagpur, in the Central Pro-
vinces, as feudatory of the Western Chalukya Vikramaditya VI. —
EI. iii, 304.
L.K. 63. An assembly takes place in the winter of this year
at Srinagar of allied Rajas from Champa, Vallapura, Rajapuri,
Lohara, Urasa, and other hill territories. — Rdjat. vii, 587.
21st August, V. Sam. 1 145, Dubkund inscription. Vikramasimha,
Kachchhapaghata, son and successor of Vijayapala. — EI. ii, 232 if.
Vijayaditya or Vijayarka I, Kadamba of Goa, son and successor
of Jayakesin I. Married ChattaladevI, sister of Bijjaladevi the
mother of Jagaddeva, Santara of Patti-Pombuchchapura. — FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 568.
L.K. 65, Marga sudi 6. Utkarsha succeeds his father Kalasa-
deva of Kashmir, but committing suicide, Pausha va. 13, of the
same year, a.d. 1089-90, is followed on the throne by his younger
brother Harshadeva or Harsha. — Rdjat. vii, 723, 861.
The poet Krishnamisra may have flourished about this date.
He lived under Kirtivarman the Chandella (a.d. 1050-1116).
Krishnamisra' s Prabodhachandrodaya describes the defeat of Karna
of Chedi (a.d. 1042) by Kirtivarman.— EI. i, 220.
Sasivardhana, Kashmirian poet. He seems to have been a con-
temporary of King Kalasa (a.d. 1080-8).—^^., Int. 129.
Vijnanesvara, author of the Mitdkshard, flourishes at the Court
of the Western Chalukya Vikramaditya VI (a.d. 1076-1127). —
BD. 87.
S. 1014, epoch year of Brahmadeva's Karanaprahdsa. — BR.
1882-3, 28.
V. Sam. 1150. Sasbahu Temple inscription, Gwaliar, dated shortly
after the coronation of MahTpala, Bhuvanaikamalla, son of Surya-
pala of the Kachchhapaghata or Kachchhapari race, and successor
of Padmapala who was apparently his cousin. — IA. xv, 33 fT.
CASR. ii, 357. PK. 63. JBA. xxxi, 400. PUT. 258. See
Appendix.
134 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1093
1095
1096
1097
Y. Sam. 1150. Jayasimha-Siddharaja, Chaulukya, succeeds his
father Karna I : till a.d. 1143. Conquered the "lord of Avanti,"
i.e. Yasovarman of Halava, and subdued Yarvaraka, possibly a
leader of some non-Aryan tribe. — IA. vi, 186; x, 158 (inscription
from Dohad of Y. Sam 1196 and 1202). EI. i, 295.
Sripala, author of the Vairochanaparajaya, poet-laureate to
Jayasimha and Kumarapala of Anhilvad. — EI. i, 295.
Jakkaladevi, daughter of Tikka of the Kadamba line, and wife
of the Western Chalukya Yikramaditya YI, governing the village
of Ihgunige. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 448.
&. 1016, copper-plate from Kharepatan. Anantadeva or Ananta-
pala, &ilahara of the Northern Kohkan, son of Nagarjuna and
nephew and successor of Mummuni. Succeeded apparently in
partially driving out the Kadambas of Goa who, taking advantage
of the hostilities which seem to have broken out between the
Silaharas of the Northern Konkan and those of Kolhapur, had
overrun the former province. The power of his dynasty, however,
seems to have come virtually to an end after the time of Ananta-
deva.— I A. ix, 33.
Malleyamadevi or Malayamatldevi, wife of the Western Chalukya
Yikramaditya YI, governing the district attached to the agrahara
of Kiriya-Kereyur.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 448-9.
&. 1017, Dambal inscription. Lakshmadevi, wife of the Western
Chalukya Yikramaditya YI, governing the town of Dharmapura,
i.e. Dambal.— IA. x, 185. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 448.
&. 1019. Sena II, Kalasena, Eatta of Saundatti, probably reigning
at this date. He seems also to have governed the Kundi province
under Chamanda, a Dandanayaka of Jayakarna (a.d. 1102-1121),
son of the Western Chalukya Yikramaditya YI. Sena married
Lakshmidevl.— JBBAS. x, 202, 293, 294. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 554.
Nanyupa, probably identical with Nanyadeva of the Karnataka
dynasty of Nepal, said to have founded Simraon. His descendants
were : — Gangadeva, Nrisimha, Ramasimha, &aktisimha, Bhiipala-
simha, and Harasimha, a.d. 1324. — JBA. iv, 123. IA. vii, 91;
ix, 188; xiii, 414.
19th January, Y. Sam. 1154, copper-plate of Madanapaladeva,
recording the grant of a village on the above date, by his father
Chandradeva, Gaharwar, the founder of the Eathor dynasty of
a.d. 1097—1100. 135
A.D.
1097
1098
Kanauj. Chandradeva is stated to have quelled the disturbances
arising on the death of Bhoja (of Malava) and Kama (of Chedi) and
to have acquired the sovereignty of Kanauj (Basahi copper-plate).
His predecessors were his father Mahichandra and grandfather
Yasovigraha — JBA. xxvii, 220-241. I A. xviii, 9.
Sunday, 7th March, Y. Sam. 1154, Deogadh inscription.
Kirtivarman, Chandella, brother and successor of Devavarman ;
contemporary with Karna of Chedi who was defeated by Kirti-
varman's general Gopala (Krishnamisra's Prabodhachandrodaya). —
CASK, x, 102-3, pi. xxxiii, 3; xxi, 81. IA. xi, 311 ; xviii, 237.
EI. i, 219 ff.
6. 1020. Padmanabhayya governing the Banavasi district on
behalf of Bhivanayya, feudatory of the Western Chalukya Yikrama-
ditya YI. Bhivanayya is mentioned as governing the Palasige
district in a.d. 1102. —FKD., Bom. Gaz., 451.
Bhoja I, &ilahara of Kolhapur, brother and successor of Gangadeva,
said to have been overthrown (before S. 1031) by Achugi II, Sinda
of Erambarage.— FKD., 1st ed., 104 ; ib., Bom. Gaz., 547. BD. 122.
25th August, H. 492, 5th Shauwal. 'Alau-d-Daulah Has'Gd III
succeeds his father Ibrahim at Ghazni. — RT. 105.
L.K. 75. A great flood and famine devastate Kashmir in this
and the following year. — Rajat. vii, 1219.
6. 1022-1052. Taila or Tailapa II, son and successor of Santi-
varman, Kadaraba feudatory of Banavasi and Hah gal under the
Chalukyas Yikramaditya VI and Somesvara III. Died apparently
in S. 1058 (a.d. 1135) during or soon after a siege of Hahgal by
the Hoysala Yishnuvardhana who gained temporary possession of
these districts. Taila' s wives were Bachaladevi of the Pandya
family and Chamaladevi. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 561.
8. 1021. Inscription from Kadaroli, Sampgaon taluka. Guvala,
Kadamba feudatory of Yikramaditya YI, "Western Chalukya. —
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 568.
S. 1021. Epoch year and date of the composition of &atananda's
Bhdsvatikarana.—BR. 1883-4, p. 82.
1100 L.K. 76, Marga. Uchchala and Sussala, sons of Malla and
descendants of a branch line of the Lohara dynasty of Kashmir,
forced into exile and rebellion. — Rajat. vii, 1254.
1098
1099
136 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1100
1100
1101
1102
H. 493. 'Alau-d-Daulah Mas'ud confers the government of
Ghiir upon Husain ibn Sam. — RT. 106, note.
Anantapalayya governing the Belvola and Puligere districts as
feudatory of the Western Chalukya Vikramaditya VI. Mentioned
as ruling the same districts, with the addition of Banavasi in
a.d. 1102 and 1107.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 451.
Sallakshanavarmadeva, Chandella, son and successor of Kirti-
varmadeva: said to have carried on a war in the country of
Antarvedi, and to have taken away the fortune of the Malavas
and Chedis.— EI. i, 196, 326.
The poet Sambhu, author of the Rdjendralcarnapura and of the
Anyoktimaktdlatdsataka, flourished under Harshadeva of Kashmir
(a.d-. 1089-1101).— Sbhv. 128. AC. 636.
Jayadeva, son of Bhojadeva and a native of Kinduvilva in
Bengal, author of the GUagovinda, may have flourished about this
date, if, as is possible, the Lakshmanasena, under whom tradition
places him, be identical with the Vaidya king of Bengal who in
a.d. 1119 founded the Lakshmanasena era. — BKR. 64. LIA.
iv, 815.
The author Vagbhata, Jayamahgala, author of the KavisilcsM,
and &ripala, author of the Vairochanapardjaya, flourished under
Jayasimha-Siddharaja, Siipala being poet-laureate to him and his
successor Kumarapala.— PR. i, 68. BR. 1883-4, 155-6. EI. i, 295.
L.K. 77, Vaisakha, va. 5. The pretender TJchchala starts from
Rajapuri across the mountains and invades Kashmir. He is
defeated in the month of Jyeshtha by Harshadeva at the battle
of Parihasapura (Paraspor). Harsha kills Malla, the father of
TJchchala (Bhadra va. 9), but is himself slain (Bhadra su. 5) on
his flight from Srmagar, when TJchchala succeeds to the throne
as first of the younger branch of the Lohara family.
Kalhana refers {Rdjat. viii, 35) to the L.K. year 4177 as having
had an intercalary month falling in Bhadrapada. This agrees
with Cunningham, Indian Eras, p. 173. Harsha' s death took
place on the 5th bright day of the proper Bhadrapada, following
after the intercalated month.— Rdjat. vii, 1297, 1342, 1497, 1717.
Jayakarna, son of the "Western Chalukya Vikramaditya VI,
ruling as his father's feudatory in this and the years 1120 and
1121.— EKD., Bom. Gaz., 455.
a.d. 1102—1108. 137
A.D.
1102
1103
1104
1105
1108
Govindarasa mentioned as holding office under Anantapala,
feudatory of Vikramaditya VI. In 1114 and 1117 Govindarasa was
governing the Banavasi district. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 451.
V. Sarii. 1 158. The first copy of Devabhadrasuri's Kathdratnakosa
written by Amalachandragani. — PR. iv, Ind. ix.
13th October, £. 1025 exp. Ballala I, Hoysala, eldest son of
Ereyahga, confers the lordship of Sindigere on his father-in-law
Mariyane. Ballala is said to have overcome Jagaddeva, Santara
king of Patti-Pombuchchhapura, the feudatory of Jagadekamalla II,
Western Chalukya.— REC. 14. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 494.
V. Sam. 1159. The Anchalagachchha of the Jains, a branch of
the Chandragachchha, formed. Chandraprabhacharya secedes from
the Chaturdasiyapaksha and founds the Paurnamiyakapaksha. —
BR. 1883-4, 14, 130, 144, 152. IA. xi, 249.
25th December, V. Sam. 1161, Basahi copper-plate of Madana-
pala, Gaharwar or Rathor of Kanauj, and of his son Govindachandra.
— IA. xiv, 101 ; xv, 6; xviii, 19 ; xix, 367.
V. Sam. 1161, 1164, Nagpur and Madhukargadh inscriptions.
Naravarman, Paramara of Malava, brother and successor of
Lakshmldeva according to the Nagpur inscription; other records
making him the immediate successor of Udayaditya: reigned till
a.d. 1133.— EI. ii, 180. TRAS. i, 207, 226. Colebrooke, Essays,
ii, 299.
V. Sam. 1161, 6th Magna sudi. Gwaliar inscription dedicating
a temple built by Aladhusudana, a son of Bhuvanapala, the successor
of Mahipala of Gwaliar.— CASR. ii, 364. JBA. xxxi, 403, 418 ff.
Yanemarasa, of the Ahihaya-vamsa, governing in the neighbour-
hood of Kammaravadi (Nizam's Dominions) under the Western
Chalukya Vikramaditya VI.— EKD., Bom. Gaz., 451-2.
Tuesday, 24th October, V. Sam. 1162, Benares copper-plate of
Govindachandra of Kanauj. — EI. ii, 358.
H. 501. Husain, son of Sam, Ghuri, taken prisoner by Sanjar,
Saljuqi, is saved at the intercession of Shaikh Ahmad, Ghazzall. —
RT. 149, n. 2.
Saturday, 18th July, or possibly Saturday, 15th July, 1111,
from Tyagaraja temple inscription of 5th year. Initial date of
138 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1108 Yikrama-Choda, eldest son of Kulottuhga Choda I. — EI. iv, 73.
IA. xx, 282. MOO., 6th August, 1892, No. 544, p. 10, and 14th
August, 1893, No. 642, p. 56. ASSI. iv, 307 ff.
Bammarasa administering the pannaya tax of the Nolambavadi
district under the Western Chalukya Yikramaditya YI. — FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 452.
1109 3rd January, Y. Sam 1166, Rahan copper-plate of Madanapala,
Gaharwar or Rathor of Kanauj, and of his son Govindachandra.
See a.d. 1097.— IA. xviii, 14 ; xix, 371. CASR. xv, 154.
1110 &. 1032, 1040, 1058, inscriptions. Gandaraditya, Ayyana Sihgal,
Silahara of Kolhapur, youngest son of Marasimha, governing the
Mirinja country together with Saptakholla and a part of the
Kohkan. An undated inscription represents his brother Ballala
as ruling with him, and the Kolhapur inscription of &. 1058
mentions a certain Nimbadevarasa as his feudatory. — FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 547, and BD. 121 ff. for dynasty generally.
1111 L.K. 87. Pausha su. 6. Uchchala of Kashmir murdered by Radda
who becomes king for one night, after which Salhana, a stepbrother
of Uchchala, is placed on the throne. — Rajat. viii, 341.
S. 1033. Mahesvara, son of Brahma, grandson of Krishna
(Kesava), writes the Visvaprakdsa ; wrote also the Sabdabhedapra-
Tcasa, a sequel to the above, and the Suhasuhkacharita. — AC. 446.
Mtilatimddhava, Pref. xii. Weber, Catal. ii, 260.
Y. Sam. 1167. Jinavallabha dies six months after his conse-
cration as suri by Devabhadracharya. Author of the Sukshmdrtha-
siddhdnta, Vichdrasdra, Pamhadhavidhi, Pindavisuddhidviprakarana,
Ganadharasdrdhasataka, the Shadqsiti, PratiJcramanasdmdchdri,
Sanghapattalca, Dharmasikshd, Dvddasalculaka, Prasnottarasataha,
Sringdrasataka, the Ashtasaptatikd or Jinavallabhaprasasti (Y. Sam.
1164), etc.— PR. iv, lnd. xli. IA. xi, 2483. BR. 1882-3, 47-8;
ib. 1883-4, 152.
1112 L.K. 88, Yaisakha su. 3. Sussala, brother of Uchchala and ruler
at Lohara, invades Kashmir, imprisons Salhana and seizes the
throne. — Rajat. viii, 480.
Tribhuvanamalla Kamadeva, Pandya feudatory of the Western
Chalukya Yikramaditya YI.
a.d. 1112—1115. 139
A.D.
1112
1113
1113
1114
1115
&ripatiyarasa governing the Belvola and Puligere districts. Uda-
yaditya-Ganga Permadi, Western Ganga, governing the Banavasi
and Santalige districts as feudatories of the same king. — FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 452.
March 19th, V. Sam. 1169: probable beginning of the &iva
Siniha era of Gujarat.
Approximate date of the Kalingattu Parani, a Tamil poem by
Jayahkondan, describing the conquest of Kalihga under Kulottuhga
Choladeva I, by his general Karunakara who bears the title
Tondaiman, i.e. king of the Pallava country. — IA. xix, 329 ff. ;
xx, 278.
H. 508. Kanialu-d-Daulah ShTrzad succeeds his father Mas'ud III
of GhaznT and reigns about a year. — RT. 107, note 7.
Sunday, 8th November, Chedi Sam. 866, Ratnapura inscription.
Jajalladeva I, Haihaya or Kalachuri of Ratnapura, successor of
Prithvideva I. Claims to have been honoured by the princes of
Kanyakubja and Jejabhuktika (Govindachandra and Kirtivarman,
the Chandella) ; and to have overcome one Somesvara. — EI. i, 32.
CASR. xvii, 75.
&. 1036. Bhaskaracharya, the astronomer, son of Mahesvara,
born. Author of the Stddhdntasiromani, completed in S. 1072, and
of the Karanahutuhala (epoch year &. 1105). — JRAS., n.s., i, 410,
412. BR. 1882-3, 26, 27. EI. i, 340. WL. 261. JBA. lxii, 223.
H. 509. Malik Arsalan murders and succeeds his brother Kamalu-
d-Daulah ShTrzad. Bahram Shah, another brother, having taken
refuge with his uncle, the Saljuq, Sanjar of Khurasan, the latter
proceeds with him to GhaznT and defeats Arsalan who retires to
Lahor. Sanjar, after placing Bahram on the throne and fixing
a yearly tribute, returns to his own kingdom. Later in the same
year Arsalan returns and defeats Bahram who again takes refuge
with Sanjar.— EHI. iv, 206. RT. 107, n. 7 ; 108, n. 5.
Y. Sam. 1171. Govindachandra of Kanauj, son and successor
of Madanapala. His dates range from Y. Sam. 1161-1211, but
Y. Sam. 1171 is his earliest known date as a reigning sovereign.
He sent Suhala as ambassador to the great sabha held by Alahkara,
minister of Jayasimha of Kashmir, and described by the poet
Mankha in the Srlkanthacharita. — I A. xiv, 101 ; xv, 6; xviii, 19;
xix, 367. CASR. i, 96. EI. iv. 97 ff. BKR. 50, 51.
140 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1115
1115
1116
1117
Nagavarmayya, feudatory governor of the Belvola, Puligere, and
Banavasi districts in the years 1115 and 1117 a.d. under Yikra-
maditya YI, Western Chalukya.— EKD., Bom. Gaz., 452.
Malla or Mallideva of the Gutta family governing as feudatory
under Govindarasa, himself a ruler of the Banavasi district under the
Western Chalukya Yikramaditya YI.— PSOCL, No. 108. EKD.,
Bom. Gaz. , 580.
Monday, 17th April, Y. Sam. 1172, Kamauli plate of Govinda-
chandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 103.
H. 510. Sanjar having acquired sway over 'Iraq and Khurasan,
"becomes, on the death of his brother Muhammad, sole monarch of
the Saljuqs.— RT. 108, note 5.
Y. Sam. 1173, Rainadeva, a pupil of Jinavallabha, writes the
Shadasltihachurni. — BR. 1883-4, 152.
Wednesday, 29th August, Y. Sam. 1174, Kamauli plate of
Govindachandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 105.
H. 511. Bahrain Shah defeats his brother Arsalan Shah and
imprisons and succeeds him in GhaznI. Arsalan was put to death
subsequently at Shahabad in Shauwal, February, 1118. — RT. 108,
n. 5; 109.
Y. Sam. 1173, inscription from Khajuraho. Jayavarnian, Chan-
della, son and successor of Sallakshanavarman. — EI. i, 139.
Inscriptions. &. 1039-1059. Yishnuvardhana, Bittiga, Tribhu-
vanamalla II, or Yiragahga, Hoysala, brother and successor of
Ballala I ; married Santaladevi or Lakumadevi. Said to have
conquered the Gahgas, to have burned their capital Talakad or
Talavanapura and to have been more or less successful in attacking
Kanchi, Kohgu, Hahgal, Koyatur (Koimbatore), and the seven
Konkanas. Amongst the rulers he claims to have subdued are the
Pandya and Tulu kings, Jagaddeva of Patti-Pombuchchapura, Jaya-
kesin II, Kadamba of Goa, the Chehgiri, Kala, and Mala kings
(the last being the chiefs of the Malepas or Malapas, the people
of Malenad along the Western Ghats) ; a king Narasimha and the
lord of the Male kings. His kingdom, according to one of his
inscriptions, extended to Savimale on the north, the lower Nangali
Ghat on the east, the Kohgu, Chera, and Anamale countries on the
south, and the Barakanur Ghat road to the Kohkan on the west.
His subdual of the Kadamba territories was probably very temporary,
a.d. 1117—1119. 141
A. I).
1117 as the conquest of the Kohkan by a subsequent feudatory of
Ballala II seems to have taken place in his reign. An invasion
by Vishrmvardhana of the Chalukya dominions was repulsed by
Achugi II, the Sinda, and his son Permadi I, who is said to have
besieged Dhorasamudra and captured Belupura the Hoy sal a capital.
A Sinda inscription names Chehgiri, Chera, Chola, Malaya, Male,
the seven Tulus, Kolla, and Pallava, Kongu, and the districts of
Banavasi, Kadambale, Nolambavadi, and Hayve as belonging to
Vishrmvardhana. A younger brother of Vishrmvardhana, Udaya-
ditya, is mentioned in inscriptions. Vishrmvardhana was aided in
his conquests by Gangaraja of the Ganga family who, by conquering
and putting to flight Adiyama or Idiyama a feudatory of the Chola,
acquired the Gahgavadi province. This Gangaraja seems to have
been identical with Gahgarasa, governor of the Arabala district.
According to a Halebld inscription he died in a.d. 1133. — PSOCI.,
jSos. 18 and 232. EMI. 260, 329. EEC. 14 and ii, etc. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz.< 494 ff.
1118
1119
L.K. 94. Bhadra. Sussala of Kashmir proceeds on an expedition
against Rajapuri (Rajaurl). — Rdjat. viii, 617.
H. 512. <Abu-l-Ma'ali or Nasru-llah, son of 'Abdu-1-Majld,
writes his Kallla Lamna for Bahrain Shah of Ghazni. — BOD. 27.
8. 1040. Birth of Madhva AnandatTrtha, Purnaprajfia or
Madhyamandara, founder of the Madhva sect of the Vedahtists :
author of the Vishnutattvanirnaya and various other philosophical
treatises. Died &. 1120 current, a.d. 1199.— BR. 1882-3, App. ii,
p. 202. AC. 46. E. E. Hall's Phil. Ind., 95.
12th January, H. 512, 28th Ram. Bahrain Shah of Ghazni
defeats and imprisons Muhammad Bahlim then in charge of the
Government of Labor. The latter, being pardoned and reinstated,
subsequently fortified himself at Nagaur in Siwalikh but was again
defeated by Bahram and perished.— RT. 110. BF. i, 151.
L.K. 95, Yaisakha. Sussala of Kashmir returns from the conquest
of Rajapuri. — Rdjat. viii, 635.
11th May, V. Sam. 1176, Kamauli plate of Govindachandra of
Kanauj and his queen Nayanakelidevi, recording endowments made
on the above date. — EI. iv, 107.
7th October, Kart. sudi 1, &. 1041 exp. : epoch of the era
founded by Lakshmanasena of Bengal, son and successor of
Ballalasena. There is some confusion as to its initial year,
142 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1119
1120
1120
1121
1122
some writers placing it "between a.d. 1105 and 1109. According
to Abu-1-Fazl, Lakshinana's reign began in a.d. 1116. — IA. xix, 1.
Cunningham's Indian Eras, 76. Inscriptions, Tarpan-dighi copper-
plate of seventh year, JBA. xliv, pt. 1, p. 1 ; ib. lvii, pt. 1, 1 ff.
PUT. 272.
S. 1041-1048. Jayakesin II, Kadamba of Goa, ruling as feudatory
of the Western Chalukya, Vikramaditya VI. He apparently attempted
to throw off the Chalukya supremacy but was put to flight by
Permadi, son of Achugi, the Sinda of Yelburga. Subsequently,
however, he married Mailaladevi, a daughter of Vikramaditya.
He was defeated at some time or other by the Hoysala Vishnu-
vardhana. — EKD., Bom. Gaz., 568.
V. Sam. 1177, copper-plate of Govindachandra of Kanauj. — JBA.
xxxi, 123.
L.K. 96, Vaisakha. The Damaras rise in rebellion against Sussala
to support the pretender Bhikshachara. Sussala forced to despatch
his family for safety to the castle of Lohara (Ashadha su. 3). He
is besieged in &rlnagar (Asvina su. 14) by rebel forces and forced
to retire (Marga va. 6) to Lohara when Bhikshachara (Bhikshu) is
set up as king in Kashmir. — Rdjat. viii, 667, 717, 736, 819.
V. Sam. 1177, Narwar copper-plate. Virasimhadeva, Kachchha-
paghata, son and successor of &aradasimha and grandson of
Gaganasimhadeva.— JAOS. vi, 542 ff. EI. ii, 234. CASE-, ii, 312.
Ruyyaka, the Kashmirian, author of the AlahMrasarvasva, must
have lived about this date, having been the guru of Mahkha
(a.d. 1140).— BKR. 51, 68.
L.K. 97, Jyeshtha su. 3. Sussala of Kashmir reconquers Srlnagar;
Bhikshachara forced to flee. Destruction of the Chakradhara
temple by Bhikshachara' s rebel forces (&ravana su. 12). — Rdjat.
viii, 954, 993.
Permadi of the Jlmutavahana lineage and the Khachara race
governing the Basavura district, and Tribhuvanamalla Pandyadeva
ruling the Nolambavadi district under Vikramaditya VI. — EKD.,
Bom. Ga%., 452.
Friday, 21st July, V. Sam. 1178. Kamauli plate of Govinda-
chandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 109.
a.d. 1122—1124. 143
A.D.
1122
1123
1124
L.K. 98, Jyeshtha va. 6. Sussala's army routed by rebels at
Gainbhirasahgana. — Rdjat. viii, 1064.
25th December, Chedi Sam. 874. Jabalpur copper-plate issued
probably near the end of his reign. Yasahkarnadeva, Kalachuri
of Chedi, son and successor of Karnadeva. Was contemporary with
Govindachandra of Kanauj who seems to have wrested some of his
dominions from him ; and probably with Lakshmadeva, Paramara
of Mfilava, who is said, in the Nagpur prasasti, to have under-
taken a successful expedition against Tripuri. Yasahkarna claims
to have extirpated with ease the ruler of Andhra near the river
Godavari, and the Bhera-Ghat inscription attributes to him the
devastation of Champaranya, possibly a reference to the same
expedition.— EI. ii, 1, 3€3.
&. 1044, Chal. Y. 45. Inscription at Kodikop. Achagi or
Achugi II, Sinda of Yelburga, governing the Kisukad and Nare-
yahgal districts under the Western Chalukya Yikramaditya YI.
Stated to have waged war successfully against Hallakavadikeya-
sihga, the Hoysalas, Lakshma, the Pandyas, and the Malapas of the
Western Ghats ; to have seized the Konkan, taken and burned
Goa and Uppinnakatti, and to have defeated and captured BhojX
&ilithara of Kolhapur, probably about a.d. 1098. — JBRAS. xi,
247, etc. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 574.
L.K. 99, Jyeshtha su. 11. The city of &rmagar burned by
rebels who besiege Sussala in his capital. — Rdjat. viii, 1169.
S. 1045, inscription from Terdal of the Mandalika Gonkidevarasa
or Gonka, a contemporary of the Western Chalukya Yikrama-
ditya YI and his feudatory the Katta chieftain Kartavlrya II. —
IA. xiv, 14, 22-4. FED., Bom. Gaz., 548.
S. 1045, inscription at Davahgere Chitaldrug. Yijaya-Pandyadeva
ruling as feudatory of the Western Chalukya Perma-Jagadeka-
malla II, over the Nolambavadi district, at the capital Uchchangl.
— PSOC1. 146. RML 8. FED., Bom. Gaz., 319, n. 1.
Thursday, 14th August, Y. Sam. 1181, Benares copper-plate of
Govindachandra of Kanauj. — JBA. lvi, 113, pi. vii. IA. xix, 357.
Y. Sam. 1180. Yasodevasiiri, pupil of Chandrasuri and author
of a Pahshihasutravritti written in the above year at Anhilvad.
He is possibly identical with the Yasodeva, pupil of Devagupta,
who wrote a commentary on the Navatattvaprakarana at Anhilvad,
Y. Sam. 1174.— PR. iv, Ind. c.
144 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1125
1126
1127
&. 1047, stone inscription from Narendra, Dharvad, and possibly
6. 1069, on inscription at Lakshmesvar. Jayakesin II, Kadamba
of Goa, feudatory ruler of the Kohkana, Palasige, Hayve, and
Kavadidvipa districts under Vikramaditya VI, Western Chalukya.
Inscriptions record Jayakesin' s defeat by Achugi II and his son
Permadi I, Sinda feudatories of Vikramaditya VI, but Jayakesin' s
marriage with Vikramaditya' s daughter Mailaladevi points to
a subsequent reconciliation with his overlord. Jayakesin also
temporarily lost the Palasige district to the Hoysala Vishnu-
vardhana.— JBRAS. ix, 265. PSOCL, Nos. 97, 232. See a.d. 1119.
August, Malabar or Kollam era, 301, 319, inscriptions at Chola-
puram and Tiruvallam near Trivandram. Vira Kerala Varinan
ruling in Venadu or Travancore. — P. S. Pillai, Early Sovereigns of
Travancore, pp. 11-18.
H. 520. The Mujmalu-t-Tatvurikh begun in the reign of Sultan
Sanjar, Saljuqi. The name of its author is unknown, but he must
have been living in H. 589 (a.d. 1193) since he records an event
which happened then. — EHI. i, 100 if.
L.K. 3, Ashadhava. 1. Jayasimha, son of Sussala of Kashmir,
receives the abhisheka, his father continuing to reign. — Rqjat.
viii, 1232.
Friday, 4th February, V. Sam. 1182, and Friday, 21st October,
V. Sam. 1184. Copper-plates of Govindachandra of Kanauj. —
JBA. xxvii, 242 ff.
H. 521 [541 ?]. A battle at Tigln-abad between the troops of
Ghaznl and 'Alau-d-Dln Husain, Ghuri. Tigln-abad is taken and
Bahrain flees.— RT. 110, n. 5, 347-9.
Kulottuhga Chodadeva II, called also Parakesarivarman, Vira-
Rajendradeva II, Tribhuvanaviradeva, etc., succeeds his father
Vikrama-Choda. Claims to have slain Vira-Pandya and to have
given Madura to Vikrama-Pandya. His inscriptions range from
his fifth to his thirty-ninth year. The history of the dynasty is
a blank during the' half -century intervening between him and
Rajarajadeva II. — I A. xiv, 55 (Chellur copper-plate of 6. 1056);
ib. xx, 191, 285. MGO., 6th August, 1892, No. 544, p. 10.
6. 1049, current. Somesvara III, Bhulokamalla, succeeds his
father Vikramaditya VI : till a.d. 1 138. Said to have " placed his
feet on the heads of the kings of Andhra, Dravila, Magadha,
Nepala; and to have been lauded by all learned men." He was
a.d. 1127—1129. 145
the author of the Mdnasolldsa or Abhildshitdrtha- Chintdmani written
& 1051.— Inscriptions: PSOCL, Nos. 139, 178-9. BD. 89. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 455.
&. 1049. Raman uja, the Vaishnava reformer, flourished, ac-
cording to Nrisirhha's Smrityarthasdgara. — AOC. 285i, 286«.
L.K. 3, Phal. va. 15. Sussala of Kashmir murdered by bravos of
Tikka ; Jayasimha succeeds to the throne. His general Suj ji routs the
rebels (L.K. 4, Vaisakha) at Gambhirasangama. Bhikshachara forced
to retire from Kashmir (Ashadha).— Rajat. viii, 1318, 1497, 1525.
October-November, &. 1051 current, Kartt. Permadi, son of
Jogama, Kalachuri feudatory of the Chalukya Somesvara III,
ruling the Tardavadi country. The Kalachuris or Kalachuryas of
the Dekkan, a branch probably of the Kalachuris of Chedi, rose
to power as feudatories of the Western Chalukyas, over whose
dominions they established, under Vijjana, a temporary supremacy.
This was, however, lost to the Chalukya Somesvara IV about
a.d. 1182, after which date the Kalachuris are lost sight of. —
BD. 93. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 462, 470.
5. 1050. Inscription of Choda or Vikrama-Rudra, chief of
Konamandala, son of Rajaparendu I. — EI. iv, 86.
L.K. 5, Jyeshtha va. 10. Bhikshachara captured and killed by
the troops of Jayasimha of Kashmir in the castle of Banasala
(Banahal). On the same day Lothana, a stepbrother of Sussala,
is freed from his prison in the castle of Lohara and set up as
king against Jayasimha. — Rajat. viii, 1775, 1793.
Friday, 5th April, Y. Sam. 1 185, Benares copper-plate of Govinda-
chandra of Kanauj. — JBA. lvi, 120, pi. viii.
Y. Sam. 1186-1222 on inscriptions. Madanavarmadeva, Chan-
della, son and successor of Prithvivarman. Defeated the kings of
Chedi and Malava and held in check the king of Kasi (Mau
inscription). — For inscriptions see CASK. xxi. EI. i, 195 (undated
inscription from Mau, Jhansi district).
6. 1052, inscription from Khanapur, Kolhapur State. Ankideva,
Batta Mahusdmanta under Yikramaditya YI, Western Chalukya.
His name, however, is not found in the genealogical lists of the
Rattas of Saundatti. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 555.
Sunday, 10th March, &. 1050, from the epitaph at 6ravana-
Belgola. Mallishena-Maladharideva, the Jaina teacher, commits
suicide by prolonged fasting. — EI. iii, 184.
10
146 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1130
1130
1131
1132
1133
Monday, 17th November, Y. Sam. 1187, Raiwan copper-plate of
Govindachandra of Kanauj. — JBA. lvi, 106, pi. vi.
Manma-Manda, vassal of Kulottuhga-Chodadeva II. — MGO.,
14th August, 1893, No. 642, p. 53.
Ajayaraja or Salhana, Chahamana, son and successor of Prithvi-
raja I. Pounded Ajayameru and conquered Sulhana of Malava ;
married Somalekha. — Refs. a.d. 950.
Srutakirtti-Traividya or Dhananjaya, Jaina poet, author of the
Raghavapdndaviya, mentioned in an inscription dated S. 1045 :
contemporary with the Jaina poet Abhinava Pampa, who mentions
his authorship of the Rdghavapdndavzya, and with Meghachandra,
author of a commentary on the Samddhisataka. — IA. xiv. 14.
Friday, 6th November, Y. Sam. 1188, Ren copper -plate of
Govindachandra of Kanauj — IA. xix, 249.
L.K. 6, Phal. su. 13. Lothana deposed from the government of
Lohara by Mallarjuna, son of Sussala of Kashmir. — Raj at. viii, 1943.
&. 1053. Mayuravarman II, Kadamba, governor of Banavasi
and Hahgal with his father Tailapa II under Somesvara III,
Chalukya.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 562.
Marasimha governing in the neighbourhood of Mugutkhan-Hubli,
Belgaum district, under Somesvara. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 456.
H. 525. Khwajah Mas'ud ibn Sa'd ibn Salman, the poet, dies.
He flourished under Sultans Mas'ud, Ibrahim, and Bahrain Shah of
Ghazni. Some accounts place his death in H. 520. — EHI. iv, 518.
BOD.
L.K. 8, Yaisakha va. 2. Lohara retaken by Jayasimha's forces;
Mallarjuna forced to flee. — Rajat. viii, 2024.
&. 1055, 1060, 1067. Mallikarjuna I, Tribhuvanamallarasa,
Kadamba, governor of Banavasi and Hahgal under the Chalukyas
Somesvara III and Jagadekamalla II ; presumably ruling with
his father in 6. 1055 and alone in &. 1060 and 1066.— FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 562.
L.K. 9, Ashadha su. 5. Jayasimha of Kashmir has his chief
minister Sujji and his adherents murdered. — Rajat. viii, 2185.
Y. Sam. 1190, Augasi copper-plate of the Chandella Madana-
varmadeva. — IA. xvi, 207.
Saturday, 5th August, Y. Sam. 1190, Kamauli plate of Govinda-
chandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 111.
a.d. 1133—1138. 147
Yafovarmadeva, Paramara of Malava, succeeds his father
Naravarman. — Ujjain copper-plates of V. Sam. 1191 and 1192:
see Colebrooke, JEssays, ii, 299 ff. IA. xix, 348, 351.
V. Sam. 1190. Amradevasuri writes his commentary on Nemi-
chandra's Akhyanakamanikosa. — PR,, iv, Ind. xi.
Tuesday, 28th August, V. Sam. 1191, Kamauli plate of the
Sihgara, Yatsaraja, a feudatory of Govindachandra of Kanauj.
His immediate ancestors were : his father Kumara, grandfather
Siilhana or Alhana (?), and great-grandfather Kamalapala. — EI.
iv, 130.
L.K. 11, Asvina va. 15. Mallarjuna, the pretender to the throne
of Kashmir, surrenders to Jayasimha. — Rajat. viii, 2309.
H. 530. Sanjar invades Ghazni to enforce payment of tribute
by Bahrain Shah.— RT. 148, n. 5.
5. 1059, stone inscription from Govindpurof the poet Gahgadhara.
In it are named his father Manoratha, his grandfather Chakrapani,
and great-grandfather Damodara, his father's brother Dasaratha,
his own brother Mahidhara, and his cousin Purushottama. These
are probably the poets mentioned in &rldharadasa's Saduktikarnu-
mrita compiled a.d. 1205.— EI. ii, 330 ff.
6. 1060. Jagadekamalla II, Western Chalukya, succeeds his
father Somesvara III. The Chalukya power begins to decline. —
Inscriptions : PSOCL, Nos. 44, 119, 146, and 180. BD. 90. FED.,
Bom. Gaz., 456.
&. 1060, inscription from Urana. Aparaditya I, &ilahara of the
Northern Konkan. Sent Tejakantha as ambassador to the sabhd
held by Alankara, minister of Jayasimha of Kashmir. — JBRAS.
xv, 279. BKR. 51.
The Dandandyaka, Mahadeva, governing the Belvola and Puligere
districts under Somesvara III, Western Chalukya. The feudatory
Yira Pandyadeva ruling the Nolambavadi district in this and the
year 1148 under the same king. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 456.
Jayavarman, Paramara of Malava, succeeds his father Yasovarman ;
possibly dethroned later by a brother A jayavarman. As far as
Yasovarman the later records of the Paramaras agree as to the
148 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1138
1139
1141
1142
succession of the different princes, but after that they diverge.
Under Yasovarman's successors the dynasty seems to have split
into two branches, of which Ajayavarman, Vindhyavarman,
Subhatavarman, and Arjunavarman represented the main line,
while Lakshmivarman, Harischandra, and Udayavarman were rival
rulers whose claims rested virtually on revolt, though nominally
on their connection with Jayavarman, the deposed successor of
Yasovarman. See Kielhorn, IA. xix, 348, 349.
Monday, 9th October, Y. Sam. 1196, Benares copper-plate of
Govindachandra of Kanauj. — EI. ii, 361.
(N. Sam. 259.) Manadeva of the Second Thakuri or Rajput
dynasty of Nepal and great-grandson of Yamadeva, the restorer
of the dynasty. — BSM., App. i, and refs. under a.d. 1015.
Yaidyadeva, minister of Kumarapala of Bengal, made king of
Kamarupa.— EI. ii, 347 ff.
The Dandanayakas Mahadeva and Paladeva ruling under Jaga-
dekamalla II, Western Chalukya. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 457.
Mahkha, Kashmirian poet ; wrote the Srikanthacharita probably
between ad. 1135 and 1145. His brother Alahkara was Divan
under Sussala and Jayasimha, and another brother, Srihgara, received
the office of Brihattantrapati from Sussala whom he assisted in his
war with Harshadeva. Among Mahkha' s contemporaries were the
poets Kalyana, pupil of Alakadatta, Garga, Govinda, Jalhana, Patu,
Padmaraja, Bhudda, Loshthadeva, YagTsvara, ^rigarbha, ^rivatsa ;
the Mimamsakas Jinduka, Trailokya, and ^rigunna; the grammarians
Janakaraja and Naga; the Yaidikas Ramyadeva and Lakshmideva;
Ananda, a Naiyayika, and Ananda, son of the poet Sambhu;
Tejakantha, ambassador of Aparaditya of the Kohkan ; Nandana,
a Brahmavadin; Prakata, a Saiva philosopher; Mandana, son of
Srigarbha; Ruyyaka, Mahkha' s guru; Srikantha, son of 6rigarbha;
and Shashtha, a pandit.— BKR. 50, 52.
Sunday, 23rd February, Y. Sam. 1198 cur., Kamauli plate of
Govindachandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 113.
Y. Sam. 1197. Jinachandra of the Kharatara Gachchha born,
son of Saha-Rasala and Delhanadevi. Died Y. Sam. 1223 = a.d.
1167.— IA. xi, 248.
Monday, 11th May, &. 1064, inscription from Anjaneri of the
Yadava chief Seunadeva, ruler of Dvaravati and feudatory of
a.d. 1142—1144. 149
the Western Chalukya Jagadekamalla II. — IA. xii, 126 ff . ; xx,
422. ED. 103.
Kappadevarasa ruling as feudatory of the Western Chalukya
Jagadekamalla II.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 457.
Saturday, 27th February, V. Sam. 1199, Gagaha copper-plate
of Govindachandra of Kanauj, and of his son Rajyapaladeva. — I A.
xviii, 20.
Y. Sarii. 1199. Kumarapala, Chaulukya, succeeds his uncle
Jayasimha-Siddharaja. Conquers Malava and defeats Arnoraja of
&akarnbharI-Sambhar, Rajputana, in, or shortly before, V. Sarii.
1207 (Chitorgadh inscription). — IA. vi, 213. Tod's Rdjasthdn, i,
707. EI. i, 293; ii, 421.
S. 1065, 1073, 1075, Kolhapur and Bamani inscriptions. Yija-
yaditya, Yijayarka, Ayyana-Singa II, Silahara of Kolhapur, son and
successor of Gandaraditya. Said to have reinstated the rulers of
the province of Sthanaka or Thana and the kings of Gova or Goa,
and to have assisted Yijjana in his revolt against the Chalukyas
of Kalyana (& 1079).— BD. 123. EI. iii, 207, 211. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 548.
£. 1066, 1084, 1086. Inscriptions from Khanapur, Kolhapur
State ; and from Bail-Hongal. Kartavirya III, Kattama, Ratta
feudatory of the Western Chalukyas Jagadekamalla II and
Tailapa III. Married Padmavati or Padmaladevi. Seems to have
become independent after a.d. 1165, probably during the confusion
prevalent on the break up of the Chalukya and Kalachuri power.
—FKD., Bom. Gaz , 555.
Bammanayya or Barmadevarasa governing the Banavasi district
under Jagadekamalla II, Western Chalukya. In the following
year Bammanayya governed the Tardavadi, Belvola, Huligere,
Hanungal, and Halasige districts. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 458.
Sunday, 16th July, Y. Sam. 1200 exp. Kamauli plate of
Govindachandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 114, 115.
L.K. 19, Phal. su. 10. The pretender Lothana (brother of Sussala
of Kashmir) captured by Jayasimha's forces after the siege of the
castle Sirah'sita.
L.K. 20, Yaisakha. Bhoja, a son of King Salhana, flees to the
country of the Darads (Dards) and, with their assistance, invades
Kashmir as a pretender to the crown. — Rajat. viii, 2641, 2681,
2709.
150 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1144
1145
1147
1148
16th July, Y. Sam. 1200, copper-plate from Ujjain. LakshmT-
varmadeva, Paramara of Malava, son of Yasovarman. Seems to
have rebelled against the usurper Ajayavarman and, having seized
part of Malava, to have ruled independently of the main branch
of the dynasty. — IA. xix, 348, 351.
S. 1067. Permadi or Jagadekainalla-Permadi, Sindaof Yelburga,
son and successor of Achugi II, ruling the Kisukad, Bagadage,
Kelavadi, and Nareyahgal districts under Jagadekamalla II,
Chalukya. Claims to have subdued Kulasekharahka, besieged and
slain Chatta, and to have engaged in hostilities with Jayakesin II
(Kadamba of Goa) and Bittiga (the Hoysala Vishnu vardhana), etc.
— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 575.
L.K. 21, Jyeshtha va. 10. Bhoja makes peace and comes to
the court of Jayasimha of Kashmir. — Rajat. viii, 3179.
Chedi Sam. 896, 910, inscriptions from Rajim and Ratnapura.
Prithvideva II, Kalachuri or Haihaya of Ratnapura, successor of
Ratnadeva II.— CASR. xvii, 76.
Y. Sam. 1202, Simha Sam. 32, inscription of a Gohila king,
Muluka, son of Sahajiga and grandson of &rl Sahara, ruling at
Mangrol under Kumarapala the Chaulukya. — BI. 158.
S. 1070. Permadi or Paramardi, Sivachitta, Kadamba of Goa,
son and successor of Jayakesin II. Probably reigned jointly with
his brother Vijayaditya or Vijayarka II. There are indications
that Jayakesin II or Permadi lost some of the Kadamba territory
to the Silahara Vijayaditya of Kolhapur or Karad. Jayakesin
seems also to have been attacked by Chandugideva, feudatory of
Ahavamalla, Kalachuri. Permadi married Kamaladevi, daughter
of Kamadeva, and Vijayaditya married Lakshmidevi, daughter of
a king Lakshmideva. — Inscriptions : of Permadi, ranging from 14th
to 28th years, JBRAS. ix, 263, 266, 278, 287, 296; of Vijayaditya
of 25th year, ib. 278. IA. xi, 273 (Siddapur inscription). PKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 569.
Kesiraja or Kesimayya governing the Belvola, Palasige, and
Panuhgal districts under Jayadekamalla II, Western Chalukya.
Tailama, Kadamba, according to an inscription, was ruling the
district of Panungal in this year. — PKD., Bom. Gaz., 458, 562.
H. 543, Jumada* I (Sept.-Oct.). 'Alau-d-DIn Husain and his
brothers Saifu-d-Din Suri, and Bahau-d-DIn Sam invade Ghazni
a.d. 1148—1150. 151
A.D.
1148
1149
1150
and defeat Bahrain who flees to Hind. 'Alau-d-Dm leaving Saifu-d-
Din as ruler at Ghazni, retires to Ghur. — RT. 347, n. 2.
Sovideva governing the Panungal district under Jagadekamalla II,
Western Chalukya.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 458.
V. Sam. 1204. Jinasekharasiiri, pupil of Jinavallabha and guru
of Padniachandra, founds at Rudrapalli the Budrapalllyakharatara-
sdkha.—lA. xi, 248*. PR. iv, Ind. xli.
Y. Sam. 1204. Jinabhadramuni, pupil of &alibhadra, flourished.
—PR. i, 68.
H. 544. Bahrain Shah returns to Ghazni, defeats and hangs
Saifu-d-Dm Suri.
Bahau-d-Dm succeeds Saifu-d-Din as ruler of Ghur and dies
later in the same year, when 'Alau-d-Din Husain succeeds and at
once marches on Ghazni, which he captures. — RT. 349.
Tribhuvanamalla-Jagaddeva of the &antara family of Patti-
Pombuchchapura (i.e. Humcha, Nagar district, Maisur) ruling at
Setuvina-bidu as feudatory of Jagadekamalla II, Western Chalukya.
— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 458.
&. 1071, 1072, 1075, unpublished inscriptions from Sopara,
Agashi and Borivli. Haripala, Silahara. of the Northern Konkan,
successor of Aparaditya I. — Bom. Gaz. xiii, pt. 2, 426. JBRAS.
xv, 278, n. 8. IA. xii, 150.
L.K. 25. Kalhana completes the Rajatarahginl or Chronicles
of Kashmir during the reign of Jayasimha. — Rajat. viii, 3404.
BKR. 52 ff.
H. 544 [547 ?]. Bahrain Shah of Ghazni dies and is succeeded
by his son Khusru Shah. The latter retires to Lahor before 'A lau-
d-Din Husain, who, after making a plundering raid on Ghazni,
returns to Ghur. On his retirement Khusru Shah takes possession
of Ghazni. Later (H. 545) 'Alau-d-Dln is captured by Sultan
Sanjar and detained two years during which Nasiru-d-Dln Al-
Husain son of Muhammad MadTni is made ruler of Ghur. — RT.
112, 113; 350, n. 2; 363-4.
Y. Sam. 1207, inscription from Mahaban near Mathura of a king
Vijayapala (or possibly Ajayapala) and his vassal Jajja. — EI. i,
287 ff. ASM. ii, 103.
&. 1072. Tailapa III, Nurmadi Taila II, or Trailokyamalla III,
Western Chalukya, succeeds his elder brother Jagadekamalla :
till a.d. 1161. Was conquered and kept in subjection till a.d. 1157
152 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
1150
1150
by his minister of war, Yijjala or Yijjana, the Kalachuri with
whom were allied Prolaraja, Kakatiya, and Yijayarka of Kolhapur.
The date of Taila's death is uncertain. His latest record belongs
to the year 1155 a.d. His death must have occurred before a.d.
1163, the date of Rudradeva's Anamkond inscription in which it is
mentioned.— Inscriptions: PSOCL, Nos'. 120, 181. BD. 90. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 459.
Kasapayyanayaka governing the Banavasi district under the
Kalachuri Bijjala, himself a feudatory at that time of Taila III,
Western Chalukya.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 460.
Hemachandra, the Jaina monk, nourished. Born at Dhandhiika
in Y. Sain. 1145 = a.d. 1089, Hemachandra was consecrated in
Y. Sam. 1154; made suri in Y. Sam. 1166 and spent the greater
part of his life at Anhilvad at the Court of Jayasimha Siddharaja
(a.d. 1094-1143) and his successor Kumarapala, dying shortly
before the latter in Y. Sam. 1229 = a.d. 1173. Author of various
works on grammar, rhetoric, and metre — the Abhidhdnachintdmani,
or Ndmamdld, the Anekdrthasahgraka, the Alahkdrachuddmani, the
Cbhandonusdsana, the Dvydsrayakdvya (probably revised by Abhaya-
tilaka in Y. Sam. 1312), the Desindmamdld or Batndvali, the
Trishashtisaldkdpurushacharita, the Toyasdstra, a compendium of
Jaina doctrines, etc. — Biihler, Uber das Leben des Jaina Monches
Remachandr a. — AC. 768. AOC. \70a-b, 179, 180, and 185«.
WL., see notes to pp. 227, 230, 297, also p. 321. ZDMG.
xxviii, 185; xliii, 348. IA. iv, 71; vi, 181-2. BKR. 76. PR.
i, 63 ff.
Arnoraja, Chahamana, son and successor of Prithviraja I; married
Sudhava of Malava. — Refs. a.d. 950.
Prodaraja, Prola, Jagatikesarin, Kakatiya or Ganapati of Orangal,
son and successor of Tribhuvanamalla-Betmaraja, reigning about
this date. He was the father of Rudradeva of the Anamkond
inscription (&. 1084) and married Muppaladevi. Said to have cap-
tured but released Tailapadeva (III), Chalukya; to have defeated
a King Govinda and given his kingdom to Udaya; to have
conquered Gun da, ruler of the city of Mantrakuta ; and to have
repulsed an attack on Anamkond made by Jagaddeva, probably
Tribhuvanamalla-Jagaddeva, Santara king of Patti-Pombuchchapura
(modern Humcha, Nagar district of Maisiir), who is known from
inscriptions to have been reigning in &. 1039 and 1071 as feudatory
of the Chalukyas.— IA. xi, 10; xxi, 197. ASSI. ii, 14.
a.d. 1150—1153. 153
A.D.
1150
1151
1152
1153
&riharsha, author of the Naishadlya and the Khandana-Khanda-
khddya, flourished under Jayachchandra of Kanauj, whose initial
date falls between a.d. 1163 and 1177. Was contemporary also with
Kumarapala, Chaulukya of Gujarat (a.d. 1143-1174).— JBRAS. x,
31 ff.; xi, 279 ff.
Jayadratha Mahamahesvaracharya Rajanaka, Kashmirian poet,
author of the Haracharitachintamani, flourished perhaps a little
later than Kalhana. He was a brother of Jayaratha, author of
the Tantrulokaviveka (see a.d. 1200). — BKR. 61.
Sunday, 17th June, Chedi Sam. 902. Tewar inscription referable
probably to the end of the reign of Gayakarnadeva, Kalachuri of
Chedi, son and successor of Yasahkarnadeva : Gayakarna married
Alhanadevi, daughter of Yijayasimha of the Guhila family of
Movad and granddaughter of Udayaditya of Malava. — IA. xviii,
209 ff. EI. ii, 303-4.
Y. Sam. 1 207. Mahabwi prasasti recording the erection of a temple
in the reign of Ajayapala, possibly a member of the Yaduvamsl
dynasty of Bayana-Sripatha. — EI. ii, 275 ff.
August - September, S. 1074, Bhadrapada. Inscription from
Bijapur, Mailarayya, feudatory ruler of the Tardavadi district
under Bijjala, the Kalachuri, himself a feudatory of Taila III,
Western Chalukya.— EKD., Bom. Ga%., 460, 472.
Y. Sam. 1207. Chandrasena writes the Utpadasidhiprakarana in
which he is assisted by Kemichandra.— PR. iv, Ind. xxviii.
Mahadeva governing the Banavasi and Puligere districts in this
and the year 1155 under the Western Chalukya Tailapa III. —
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 460.
Y. Sam. 1208. Dharmaghosha born: became a pupil of Jaya-
simha in the Anchalagachchha : wrote, Y. Sam. 1263, the Sata-
padikd, to which Mahendrasimha wrote a commentary in Y. Sam.
1294: Dharmaghosha died Y. Sam. 1268.— PR. i, 62, App. p. 12,
Ind. lxv.
H. 547. Sultan Sanjar after releasing 'Alau-d-Din, Ghurl, sets
out on his expedition against the Ghuzz, but is defeated and taken
prisoner 1st Muharram (29th March), 548. The Ghuzz advance on
Ghazni and Khusru, unable to resist them, retires again to Lahor. —
RT. 112, 350.
154 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1153
1154
1155
V. Sam. 1210-1220. Vigraharaja IV or Visaladeva, Chahamana
of Sakambhari or Sambhar, son and successor of Arnoraja according
to the Prithvirajavijaya, though the Siwalikh pillar inscription
calls his father Avelladeva. Vigraharaja's Ajmlr inscriptions con-
tain portions of two plays — the Lalita- Vigrahardja-Ndtaha by the
poet Somadeva and the Karakeli-Nataka attributed to Yigraharaja
himself. — I A. xix, 215 ff. (Delhi Siwalikh pillar inscriptions) ; xx,
201 ff. (Ajmir inscription, Y. Sam. 1210, Sunday, 22nd November,
1153). CASR. i, 155 ff. YOJ. vii, 191.
S. 1075. Indraraja, Nikumbha, ruling probably as feudatory
of the Yadavas of Devagiri. Founded a temple to &iva at Patna,
Khandesh. On his death his wife, &ridevi of the Sagara race,
seems to have ruled as regent during the minority of her son
Govana III. — I A. viii, 39.
S. 1075. Inscription of Bhimaraja, son of Kona-Satyaraja, chief
of Konamandala. — EI. iv, 86.
S. 1076. Yiranandin, son of Meghachandra, completes the Achd-
rasdra. Yiranandin' s father, Meghachandra, author of a Kanarese
commentary on the Samddhisataka, seems to have been a con-
temporary of the poet Abhinava-Pampa, who must therefore have
lived shortly before this date. &rutakirtti-Traividya, the author,
according to Pampa, of the Rdghavapdndavlya, was apparently
another of Pampa's contemporaries. — See a.d. 1130. I A. xiv, 14.
BR. 1884-7, p. 20.
Y. Sam. 1210. Jinapati, son of Saha-Yasovardhana and Suhava-
devi, born. He was a pupil of Jinachandra and author of a com-
mentary on Jinesvara's Panchalingapraharana. Died Y. Sam. 1277
= a.d. 1221.— PR. iv, Ind. xxxvi. I A. xi, 248.
Tuesday, 10th August, Y. Sam. 1211, Kamauli plate of Govinda-
chandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 116.
Sunday, November 6th, Chedi Sam. 907, Bhera-Ghat inscription
of Alhanadevi, wife of Gayakarna of Chedi, issued in the reign of
her son Narasimhadeva. — EI. ii, 7.
26th December, &. 1078 current, inscription from Balagamve,
Maisiir. Bijjala or Yijjana, Kalachuri of Kalyana, feudatory of
Taila III, Western Chalukya, and Mahadevarasa feudatory ruler
under Bijjala of Banavasi, in conjunction with Potarasa, Chatti-
marasa, Padmarasa, and Sovarasa. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 473.
a.d. 1156—1159. 155
A.D.
1156
1157
1158
1159
H. 551. 'Alau-d-Dm Husain, Ghuri, dies at Hirat and is suc-
ceeded by his son Saifu-d-Din Muhammad. — RT. 363, n. 8 ; 365.
&. 1078, 1082, inscriptions from Chiplun and Bassein. Malli-
karjuna, Silahara of the Northern Korikan. Was defeated by
Ambada, general of the Chaulukya Kumarapala. — Bom. Gaz. xiii,
pt. 2, 426. JBRAS. xv, 278-9, n. 8. IA. xii, 150.
Ravaleyanayaka ruling as feudatory of Tailapa III, Western
Chalukya, according to an inscription at Kukkanur. — FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 460.
&. 1079. Tailapa III, Chalukya, pressed by Vijjana, leaves
Kalyana and flees to Annigeri in the Dharvad district which he
makes the capital of his reduced kingdom. An inscription of
Vijjana gives S. 1079 as the second year of his reign, but his
actual assumption of supreme sovereignty seems to have taken
place in a.d. 1162 (q.v.). An inscription at Anamkond of this year
(&. 1084) represents the Kakatiya Prolaraja as defeating Tailapa.
It also mentions the latter's death. — BD. 90. FKD., Bom. Gaz.,
459 ff. Inscriptions: PSOCL, Nos. 120, 140, 181.
&. 1079, 1080, inscriptions from Talgund and Balagamve. Kesi-
raja or Kesava, son of Holalaraja or Holalamarasa, governing the
Banavasi province as feudatory of the Kalachuri Vijjana or
Bijjala. 6ridhara ruling under the same king in the neighbourhood
of Annlgeri in 1157 and 1162. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 473, 475.
PSOCL, No. 219. EMI., p. 188.
V. Sam. 1215, Khajuraho inscription of Madanavarma, Chandella.
—EI. i, 153.
Wednesday, July 2nd, Chedi Sam. 909, Lal-Pahad or Bharhut
inscription of Narasimhadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi. — I A. xviii, 211.
N. Sam. 278, 285, 286 on MSS. Ananda or Nandadeva of the
2nd Thakuri dynasty of Nepal. Said to have reigned twenty-one
years. His predecessors were : his father Narasimhadeva, a.d.
1150; and grandfather Manadeva, a.d. 1139 (q.v.). — JBA.S., n.s.,
xx, 551 ; and refs. under a.d. 1015.
Sunday, 16th August, V. Sam. 1216. Alha-Ghat inscription of
Narasimhadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi. — I A. xviii, 213.
&. 1081, 1091, inscriptions from Sravana-Belgola and Sattiiru.
Narasimha I, Tribhuvanamalla or Bhujabala-Vira-Ganga, Hoysaja,
son and successor of Vishnuvardhana : married Echaladevi. Hulja,
156
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1159
1160
1160
1161
1162
or Hullamayya, who is mentioned with Gahgaraja and the Western
Gahga Rachamalla, as a promoter of the Jaina religion, was an
officer of Narasimha.— EEC, pt. i, Nos. My. 16; TN. 129 (Tippur
and Bannur inscriptions of a.d. 1127 and 1135 during his father's
reign); No. Nj. 175. Inscriptions at &ravana-PeIgola, No. 138.
FKD., Pom. Gaz., 500.
H. 555. Khusrii Shah of Ghazni dies at Lahor. His son
Xhusru Malik succeeds him in the Pan jab and reigns till H. 583.
— RT. 112-3, n. 5.
Vindhyavarman, Paramara of Malava, son and successor of
Ajayavarman. — JBA. xxx, 204.
Chandrasiiri of the Harshapuriyagachchha nourished. Succeeded
Yijayasimha : author of the Sahghayanirayana, of a KJiettasamdsa,
a Pradesavydkhydtippanaka on the AvasyaTcasutra (Y. Sam. 1222),
and of a commentary on the Niraydvali (Y. Sam. 1228). — PR. iv,
Ind. xxvii.
(Gadadhar Gaya temple inscription of Y. Sam. 1232, 15th year.)
Govindapala of Bengal succeeds Madanapala. Three MSS.
exist dated in his thirty- seventh, thirty-eighth, and thirty-ninth
years respectively. — CASR. iii, 125; xi, 181; xv, 155. BSM.,
Int. iii. Pioneer Mail, February 23rd, 1893, p. 18.
Barmarasa, son of Murijaladeva of the Sagara lineage, governing
the Banavasi district under Yijjala or Bijjala the Kalachuri. —
PSOCL, No. 121. RML, p. 64. FKD., Pom. Gaz., 475.
Saturday, 6th May, Kollam era, 336, Idavam, inscription at
Puravacheri near Cholapuram. Yira Iravi Yarman Tiruvadi ruling
in Yenad or Travancore, probably as the successor of Yira Kerala
Yarman (q.v., a.d. 1125).
Y. Sam. 1218, Nadole inscription of Alhanadeva, the Chahamana,
son of Asaraja, and belonging apparently to a branch of the Chohans
of Ajmir.— JBRAS. xix, 26 ff.
S. 1084, inscription at Annigeri. Yijjana or Bijjala, Kalachuri,
marches to Annigeri against Tailapa, Chalukya, and proclaims
himself independent between &. 1083 and 1084. He seems to have
been virtually independent from &. 1078, but he only gave up his
feudatory title in S. 1084.— PSOCI. 119-121, 182-187, and 219.
RML, pp. 57, 60. BD. 91. FKD., Pom. Gaz., 474.
a.d. 1162—1165. 157
A.D.
1162
1163
1165
1165
6. 1084. Kartavirya III, Ratta of Saundatti, assumes inde-
pendence, probably on the death of Tailapa, to whom he was at
first feudatory. The title Chakravartl is given him in an inscrip-
tion from Konur. — See a.d. 1143.
H. 558. Ghiyasu-d-Din succeeds his cousin Saifu-d-Dm on the
throne of GhGr, and, according to Fasihi, vanquishes the Ghuzz,
then probably in possession of the districts of Garmsir and Zamin-i-
Dawar, and imposes tribute on them. It was in this or the
preceding year that the Ghuzz tribe took Ghazni, which they held
until its conquest by Ghiyasu-d-Din in H. 569.— RT. 112, 368,
374, 377.
19th January, &. 1084, Anamkond temple inscription. Rudra
or Prataparudradeva I, Kakatiya of Orahgal, son and successor of
Prodaraja. Said to have conquered Domma and Mailigideva, possibly
the Yadava Mallugi; to have acquired the country of Polavasa,
and to have repulsed a King Bhima, who after establishing himself
by the murder of a king, Gokarna, had apparently seized part of
the Chola and Chalukya dominions. — IA. xi, 9 ff.
&. 1085, inscription at Pattadakal. Chavunda or Chavunda II,
Sinda of Yelburga, governing the Kisukad, Bagadage, Kelavadi,
and other districts, and his wife Demaladevi and his son Achugi III
governing as regents at Pattadakal under the Western Chalukya
Tailapa III. Chavunda's second wife was Siriyadevi, daughter of
the Kalachuri king Bijjala or Yijjana. — JBRAS. xi, 259 ff. IA.
ix, 96. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 575-6.
Animana governing the Belvola district under the Kalachuri
Vijjana or Bijjala. — "FKD., Bom. Gaz., 475.
25th December, &. 1088, Vijaya-Pandyadeva, feudatory of the
"Western Chalukya Tailapa III, who must, however, have been
dead before this date : see a.d. 1150 under Tailapa. — FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 463.
Siddhapayya governing the Hanungal district and Is vara of the
Sinda family ruling in this and the year 1172 several small districts
in the Banavasi and Santalige provinces as feudatories of the
Kalachuri Vijjala.— PKD., Bom. Gaz., 476.
Prithivibhata, Chahamana, grandson of Arnoraja and successor
of Yigraharaja IY. Prithivibhata' s father, who is unnamed in the
genealogical list of the Prithvirajavijaya, is stated to have murdered
Arnoraja. — YOJ. vii, 191.
158 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1166
1167
1168
1169
Govana III, Nikumbha, succeeds his father Indraraja after the
regency of his mother Srldevi. His inscription records his con-
secration of a temple to &iva begun by his father in &. 1075. —
IA. viii, 39.
V. Sam. 1223, Semra inscription. Paramardideva, Chandella,
son and successor of Madanavarman. — EI. iv, 153. For the
numerous inscriptions of this king see CASE, ii, 444, 448 ; x, 98 ;
xxi, 37,49,68, 71, 74, 81-2.
Kaliyammarasa of the Jlmutavahana lineage and the Khachara
race, feudatory of Yijjala, the Kalachuri. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 476.
Sunday, 16th June, Y. Sam. 1224 exp., Kamauli plate of Yijaya-
chandra of Kanauj, son and successor of Govindachandra, and of
his son the Yuvaraja Jayachchandra. — EI. iv, 117.
Chedi Sam. 919. Inscription from Malhar, Jajalladeva II,
Kalachuri ruler of Ratnapura, son and successor of Prithvideva II.
—EI. i, 39.
Yijjala or Yijjana, Kalachuri, abdicates in favour of his son
Sovideva or Somesvara, according to an inscription at Balagamve,
&. 1091 cur. (probably April 24th, a.d. 1168), which mentions
Sovideva as then reigning. Sovideva's latest known date, &. 1099,
corresponds approximately to the 16th January, 1177. — FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 476, 486. Copper-plate of &. 1096 from Kokahnur,
Belgaum, JBRAS. xviii, 269. PSOCI. 101, 185, 188, and 220.
BD. 95.
Bolikeya Kesimayya governing the Tardavadi, Hanungal, and
Banavasi districts in this and the years 1169, 1170, and 1172
under Sovideva or Somesvara the Kalachuri. — EKD., Bom.
Gaz., 485.
"Wednesday, 19th March, Y. Sam. 1225, Jaunpur inscription of
Yijayachandra, Gaharwar or Rathor of Kanauj, son of Govinda-
chandra. He issued another grant dated in the same year, in
conjunction with his son the Yuvaraja Jayachchandra. — CASR. xi,
125. IA. xv, 7; xix, 182.
Thursday, 27th March, Y. Sam. 1225, Phulwariya (?) inscription
of the Japiliya Nayaka Pratapadhavala. — IA. xix, 179, 184.
Yalabhi Sam. 850, Ashadha, Somnathpattam inscription of Bhava
Brihaspati. — YOJ. iii, 1.
a.d. 1169—1172. 159
A.D.
1169
1170
1171
1172
5. 1092, inscription at Aihole. Bijjala and Vikrama or Vikrama-
ditya, sons of the Sinda Chavunda II, by the Kalachuri princess
SiriyadevI, governing the Kisukad, Bagadage, and Kelavadi districts.
An inscription at Ron shows Vikrama to have been ruling in
a.d. 1179 as feudatory of the Kalachuri Sankama. — JBRAS. xi,
222, 274. PSOCL, No. 83. IA. ix, 96-7. FKD., Bom. Gaz.,
485, 576.
Vijaya-Pandyadeva ruling the Nolambavadi district at Uchchangi
in this and the following year under Sovideva, Kalachuri. — FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 486.
Lakmaya, feudatory of the Hoysala Narasimha. — FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 501.
Sunday, 21st June, Y. Sam. 1226 exp., Kamauli plate of Jayach-
chandra of Kanauj, son and successor of Yijayachandra. — EI.
iv, 120.
Y. Sam. 1226, Bijjholi and Menalgarh inscriptions. Prith-
viraja II, Chahamana, succeeds Somes vara. The Bijjholi inscription
is dated Y. Sam. 1226, Phal. va., in the reign of Somesvara ; that of
Menalgarh in the same year, but in Chaitra va., in the reign of
Prithviraja, which apparently fixes the accession of the latter
between these months.— JB A. Iv, 32. VOJ. vii, 192.
Tejiraja governing the Belvola district under the Kalachuri
Sovideva.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 485.
6. 1093. Nagatiyarasa or Nagaditya and his son Ketarasa, lord
of Uchchangigiri, feudatory rulers, probably of the Santalige district,
under Vijaya-Pandyadeva.-— PSOCL, No. 118. EMI. 51.
H. 565. Birth at Kot Karor in Multan of Shaikh Bahau-d-Din
Zakarla. He subsequently became a disciple of Shaikh Shihabu-d-
Din SuharwardI at Baghdad but returned to Multan where he
became intimate with Faridu-d-Din Shakarganj.— BOD. 97.
25th August, Laksh. Sam. 51, Gaya inscription. Asokavalla
of Sapadalaksha : reigning also in a.d. 1194, and mentioned in the
Gropesvara trident inscription and in that of Purushottamasimha
(1175) at Gaya.— JBRAS. xvi, 357. IA. x, 345; xxii, 107.
Tuesday, 4th January, V. Sam. 1228 exp., Kamauli plate of
Jayachchandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 121.
Y. Sam. 1230 cur., 28th December. Ajayapala, Chaulukya,
succeeds his uncle Kumarapala. — IA. xviii, 80 ff. (copper-plate of
V. Sam. 1232); ih. 344 (inscription of V. Sam. 1229).
160 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA
A.D.
1172
1173
1174
Yasudeva, son of Kesimayya, ruling as feudatory of Sovideva
the Kalachuri.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 486.
Monday, 16th April, Y. Sam. 1229, copper-plate of Ajayapala,
Chaulukya. — IA. xviii, 344.
Wednesday, 21st November, Y. Sam. 1230, Kamauli plate of
Jayachchandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 123.
H. 569. Mu'izzu-d-Dln Muhammad-i-Sam,1 Ghuri (called in
his youth Shihabu-d-Dm), takes Ghazni, of which he is appointed
governor by his brother Ghiyasu-d-Din. — BMC, The Sultans of
Delhi, Int. xi. ET. 376-7; 449J n. 8.
S. 1095-1134. Ballala II, Ylra-Ballala, Tribhuvanamalla or
Bhujabala-Ylra-Gahga, Hoysala, succeeds his father Narasimha I.
First of his dynasty to assume royalty. Defeated Brahma, the
general of the Western Chalukya Somesvara IY, Bhillama, Yadava
of Devagiri, and established his supremacy over Kuntala by the
defeat of Jaitrasimha, possibly Jaitugi I, son of Bhillama, but
possibly a minister of the latter. An inscription at Annlgere of
a.d. 1202 represents Yira-Ballala as finally defeating Bhillama at
Lakkundi, an event which must have taken place soon after June,
a.d. 1191, and, according to the same record, Bhillama perished
in the battle. Yira-Ballala's latest known date is a.d. 1211. —
PSOCL, N"os. 18, 98, 99, 106, 194, 199, 221, 224, and 233. EEC.
14, iii, etc. FED., Bom. Gaz., 501-2.
The feudatories Madhavayya ; Ylra-Bamadevarasa of the lineage
of Nacharaja; Ylra-Gonkarasa of the Bana race, son of Udayaditya-
Yira-Kalarasa ; Sovidevarasa and his pradhdna Acharasa, ruling
under the Kalachuri Sovideva. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 486.
March, Kollam era, 348, Mlnam. Inscription at Tiruvattar.
Yira Udaya Martanda Yarma Tiruvadi, king of Yenad. — Eefs.
a.d. 1125.
H. 569. Faridu-d-Din Shakarganj, the Muhammadan saint,
born: died 5th Muharram, h. 664 = 17th October, a.d. 1265. —
BOD. 129.
H. 570. Mu'izzu-d-Dln takes Gardaiz.— ET. 449.
Pandyadevarasa of the Kadamba lineage and Mahesvaradevarasa
ruling as feudatories of Sovideva, the Kalachuri. Mayidevarasa
holding the office of Suhkaveggade of the Belvola and Huligere
1 The "Mahommed Ghorl" of various ■writers. See ET. 446, n. 5.
a.d. 1174—1176. 161
districts ; and Indrakesidevarasa, that of Ifahamandalesvara of the
Huligere district, under the same king. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 486.
H. 571, Ghiyasu-d-Dm invades Hirat. Bahau-d-Din Tughril
evacuates the city and takes refuge with the Khwarizm Shahis
the Ghurls obtaining meanwhile temporary possession of Hirat.
Mu'izzu-d-Din encounters the Sanquran, a sept of the Ghuzz tribe,
and slays many of them (Fasihi). This same year he takes Multan
from the Qaramitah and, immediately afterwards, captures TJchh. —
RT. 374, n. 5; 377, n. 6; 379; 449. BMC, Sultans of Delhi,
Introd. xi. PK. 11.
Monday 27th and Wednesday 29th October, V. Sam. 1232,
copper-plate of Ajayapala, Chaulukya. — I A. xviii, 80 ff.
Sunday 10th August and Sunday 31st August, V. Sam. 1232,
Kamauli and Benares copper-plates of Jayachchandra, Gaharwar
or Rathor of Kanauj, son of Vijayachandra. — EI. iv, 126-7. I A.
xviii, 129.
Thursday, August 21st, Chedi Sam. 926, Rewa copper-plate of
the Maharanaka Kirtivarman of Kakkaredi, son and successor of
Vatsaraja and feudatory of Jayasimhadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi,
the brother and successor of Narasimhadeva. — IA. xvii, 224.
Sam. 1813, Gaya inscription — dated probably in the Peguan era
(b.c. 638) of Buddha's Nirvana — of Purushottamasimha, son of
Kamadevasimha and grandson of Jayatungasimha. Asokavalla, king
of Sapaclalaksha, is mentioned in this inscription. — IA. x, 341.
Bittimayya, feudatory of the Hoysala Ylra-Ballala II; and
Bammidevarasa of the Kalachuri Sovideva. — FKD., Bom. Gaz.,
486, 505.
Tuesday, 25th March, Y. Sam. 1232. The poet Narapati, son
of Amradeva, a native of Dhara, writes his Narapatijayacharyd at
Anhilvad, in the reign of Ajayapala.— BR. 1882-3, pp. 35, 220.
IA. xviii, 345.
V. Sam. 1232. &richandrasuri writes a commentaiy on the
Shadavasyaku. — PR. iii, 14.
H. 572. Mu'izzu-d-Dln crushes the rebellion of the Sanquran
tribe.— RT. 450.
Y. Sam. 1233, Miilaraja II, Chaulukya, succeeds his father
Ajayapala: till a.d. 1178.— IA. vi, 186, 213.
Somadeva, son of the Mahdpradhuna Ammanayya, ruling as
feudatory of the Kalachuri Sovideva. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 486.
11
162 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1177
1178
1179
Sunday, 3rd April, Saturday, 9th April, Y. Sam. 1233, and
Sunday, 25th December, Y. 1234, Kamauli and Beng. As. Soc.
copper-plates of Jayachchandra of Kanauj. — EI. iv, 128. IA. xviii,
134,137.
Sunday, 3rd July, Chedi Sam. 928, Tewar inscription of the
reign of Jayashhhadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi, brother and successor
of Narasimha. Jayasimha married Gosaladevi. He was reigning
in a.d. 1175 (q.v.), and there is an undated inscription of his reign
from Karanbel. — EI. ii, 17, and IA. xviii, 214.
Y. Sam. 1235, 1236, Piplianagar grant. Harischandra, Para-
mara of Malava, son and successor of Lakshmivarman. — JBA. vii,
736. See a.d. 1138.
Y. Sam. 1235. Bhimadeva, Chaulukya, defeats Mu'izzu-d-Dln
of Ghazni who had invaded Anhilvad by way of Uchh and Multan,
and succeeds his brother Mularaja II in Gujarat: till a.d. 1241.
Merutuhga mentions an attempted invasion of Gujarat by Subhata-
varman of Malava and the destruction of Giirjaradesa by Subhata's
son Arjunadeva during Burma's reign. His throne seems to have,
been usurped for a short time by Jayantasimha who issued a grant
from Anhilvad, Y. Sam. 1280, and some of his dominions were lost
before his death to the Yaghelas. — I A. vi, 187 ff. Inscriptions:
Y. Sam. 1256-1296.— IA. vi, 194 ff. ; xi, 71. AR. xvi, 288, 289,
and 299-301, No. xvi. Forbes, Has Mala, i, 65. RT. 451.
PK. 11. EHI. ii, 294. BG. 34.
13th September, &. 1100. Sankama, Nissahkamalla II, Kala-
churi, brother and successor of Somesvara or Sovideva, with
whom he seems to have been associated in the government from
some time in a.d. 1176. Ruled apparently also in conjunction
with his brother Ahavamalla, their combined inscriptional dates
ranging from &. 1100-1106. Sahkama's latest date, 6. 1103,
corresponds approximately to the 24th December, 1180. — Inscrip-
tions: PSOCL, Nos. 122, 183, 189-193, and 230. BD. 95. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 486, 488.
Lakhmidevayya, feudatory of Sankama. — Ibid. 487.
S. 1101, Balagamve inscription. Sampakarasa, Gupta or Gutta,
feudatory of Sankama, Kalachuri. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 487, 581.
PSOCL, No. 183.
September-October, & 1102, Yikrama, Sinda of Yelburga, son
of Chavunda II, ruling the Kisukad district under the Kalachuri
a.d. 1179—1181. 163
A.D.
1179
1180
1181
Sankama. This is the latest extant notice of this branch of the
Sinda family.
&. 1102, Balagamve inscription, in which are mentioned Lakhmi-
deva, Chandugideva, Eechanayya, Sovanayya, and Kavanayya,
ministers of Sankama, the Kalachuri. Kesiraja ruling as feudatory
of the same king. Mentioned elsewhere as governing the Banavasi
district in conjunction with Kavana and Somana. — IA. v, 45.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 487.
V. Sam. 1236. Eise of the Sardhapaurnamiyaka sect of the
Jains.— BR. 1883-4, 153.
Friday, 11th April, Y. Sam. 1236, Beng. As. Society's copper-
plate of Jayachchandra, Eathor of Kanauj. — I A. xviii, 139 ff.
Chedi Sam. 932, KumbhT copper-plate of Vijayasimhadeva,
Kalachuri of Chedi, son and successor of Jayasimha. Was reigning
in a.d. 1195 (q.v.).— JBA. xxxi, 111 ff.
5. 1103 current, Balagamve inscription. Ahavamalla, Kala-
churi, brother of Sankama with whom he seems to have been
associated in sovereignty. Ahavamalla' s latest known date is
S. 1106 = a.d. 1183. See under Sankama, a.d. 1178.— PSOCL,
Nos. 190-2. EMI. 115, 184. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 488.
Mallidevarasa, son of Hariharadevarasa, and Yira-Gonkarasa,
feudatories of Sankama, Kalachuri. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 488.
H. 577. Mu'izzu-d-Dm takes Lahor from Khusru Malik, last
of the Ghaznivides. Other authorities give H. 575 and 576. To
this same year (H. 577) many authors ascribe Mu'izzu-d -Din's
conquest of Dibal ; but others vary the date between 575, 578,
and even 581.— ET. 452.
Chedi Sam. 933, Kharod inscription. Eatnadeva III, Kala-
churi of Eatnapura, son and successor of Jajalladeva II. — IA.
xxii, 82.
6. 1103. Inscription at Haralahalli, Maisur. Joyideva, son of
Yira-Yikramaditya I, and grandson of Malla, Gutta feudatory
of the Kalachuri Ahavamalla. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 581.
S. 1103-1126. Kamadeva or Kavadeva, Tailamana-Ankakara,
Kadamba feudatory of the Banavasi, Haiigal, and Puligere districts
under Somesvara IY, Chalukya. Married Ketaladevi. After S. 1126,
his latest date, Kamadeva is lost sight of. — Inscriptions of S. 1119,
his sixteenth year, and of 6. 1126, etc. PSOCL, Nos. 106, 107.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 563.
164 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1181
1182
1183
1184
Chandugideva, feudatory of the Kalachuri Ahavamalla. Said
to have burned the territory of Vijayaditya (II) of the family of
the Kadambas of Goa, and to have taken the kingdoms of the
Chola and Hoysala.
Kesimayya, feudatory ruler of Banavasi under the same king.
He ruled also the Hayve, Santalige, and Ededore districts. — EKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 489.
V. Sam. 1239. PrithvTraja, the Chahamana, conquers the
Chandella king Paramardideva (Parmal) of Jejakabhukti, according
to inscriptions from Madanpiir. The Prithviruj Rdsau places this
event inV. Sam. 1241 =a.d. 1184.— ASM. ii, 124. CASK, x, 98.
V. Sam. 1239. The Mauhar Thakurs, according to local records,
conquer the BhTis in the Banda district. — JBA. xlvi, 230.
&. 1104-1136. Vlra-Yikramaditya II, Gutta, ruler of the
Banavasi province. He seems to have been at first a fendatory of
Ahavamalla, the Kalachuri. Later he may have become inde-
pendent or have acknowledged the supremacy of the Yadavas or
Hoysalas.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 581-2.
V. Sam. 1238. Batnaprabhasuri writes a commentary on Dharma-
dasagani's Upadesamala. — PR. iv, Ind. cii.
&. 1105, copper-plate from Behatti, Dharvad. Sihghana, Kala-
churi, succeeds his brother Ahavamalla. He was the last of his
line, succumbing probably to Somesvara IV, Chalukya, son of
Tailapa III, who, in the same year, taking advantage of the
weakened power of the Kalachuris, regained, through his feudatory,
Brahma or Bomma, part of his dominions and established himself
at Annlgeri. Bomma succumbing subsequently to an attack by
Yira-Ballala, the Chalukya power came to an end, and after
&. 1111, the date of his latest inscription, Somesvara IY is lost
sight of.— BD. 91. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 463, 489. PSOCL, Nos.
233, 234.
&. 1106 (Lonad inscription), &. 1109 (Parel inscription). Apara-
ditya II, ^ilahara of the Northern Kohkan, possibly the successor
of Mallikarjuna (q.v., a.d. 1156). Bhagwanlal Indraji inclined to
identify him or Aparaditya I with the &ilahara Apararka who wrote
a commentary on Yajnavalky a' s Mttdkshara. — Bom. Gaz. xiii, pt. 2,
427. JBRAS. xii, 332 ff. JRAS., o.s., ii, 386 ; v, 176.
a.d. 1184—1187. 165
A.D.
1184
1185
1186
1187
Tejiraja, Tejimayya, or Tejugi, governing the Masavadi district
with his assistants Chakana and Revana or Revarasa under the
Western Chalukya Somesvara IV.
Ballayyasahani, with his Senapati, the Sumanta Kama and his
Dandanayaka Kesirajayya or Kesavabhattaya, feudatories of the
same king. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 465.
Gadada-Singayya, feudatory of the Hoysala Yira-Ballala II. —
Ibid. 505.
H. 581. Mu'izzu-d-Din advances a second time to Lahor and
pillages the surrounding districts. He retires by the northern part
of the Pan jab, and on his way repairs anew the fort of Sialkot,
leaving there a garrison under the command of Husain-i-Khar-nill.
On his departure Khusru Malik invests it, with the aid of the
Khokar tribe, but unsuccessfully. — RT. 453, 454.
Y. Sam. 1243, Eaizabad copper-plate of Jayachchandra of Kanauj.
— IA. xv, 10.
H. 582. Mu'izzu-d-Din takes Lahor, and dethroning Khusru
Malik sends him to his brother Ghiyasu-d-Dln, who imprisons him
in a fortress in Gharjistan. 'All-i-Kar-makh, governor of Multan,
placed in charge of Lahor. — PK. 10, 11. RT. 112, n. 5; 114-5;
379. EHI. ii, 281 ; iv, 211. BMC, Sultans of Delhi, In trod. xi.
p. 1108, Pithapuram inscription. Prithvlsvara, chief of Vela-
nandu, son and successor of Gohka III, whose wife Jayambika, the
mother of Prithvlsvara, incised the above inscription. — EI. iv, 32 fl'.
V. Sam. 1242. Siddhasenasuri writes a commentary on the
Pravachanasaroddhdra. — PR. iv, Ind. cxxx.
S. 1 109. Bhillama, fifth of the Early, first of the Later Yadava
dynasty, succeeds his father Karnadeva: till a.d. 1191. Said to
have captured the town of Srivardhana from Antala; defeated
the king of Pratyandaka ; slain Yillana, ruler of Mangalaveshtaka,
and, having captured Kalyana, to have slain the lord of Hoysala,
probably Narasimha, father of Yira-Ballala ; after which he
founded Devagiri as his capital (Hemadri's Vratahhanda). Jalhana's
Suktimuhtavali describes him as warring against the Gurjara king
and defeating Muiija and Anna. Jaitrasimha, son or minister of
Bhillama, was defeated about &. 1113, and apparently during the
latter's lifetime, by the Hoysala Yira-Ballala (q.v.) at Lokkigundi,
Lakkundi, in the Dharvad district, in which battle Bhillama
166 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1187
1189
1190
himself seems to have been killed. — EI. iii, 217 (Gadag inscrip-
tion, 6. 1113). EKD., Bom. Gaz., 518. BD. 103, n. 8; 106.
5. 1110. Jayakesin III, Kadamba of Goa, succeeds his father
Yijayaditya II. It was probably during this reign that the
Kadambas of Goa lost the district round Belgaum to the Rattas
of Saundatti. — JBRAS. ix, 241 (Halsi copper-plate, &. 1122);
ib. 304 (Kittur inscription, 6. 1124). A gold coin dated S. 1120
is referable to this reign. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 570-1.
Bhayideva, son of Tejiraja or Tejugi, governing the Kiindi
district, and Barma, son of Bhuta or Ahavamalla-Bhutiga, ruling
the Lokapura, Holalugunda, Koleniiru, and Navilugunda districts,
and the town of Doddavada. — EKD., Bom. Gaz., 465.
$. 1111, inscriptions from Muttagi, Bijapur district, and from
Annigere, Dharvad. Peyiya-Sahani, Mahapradhana and Senapati
of Bhillama of Devagiri, and Bachiraja or Bachana, governor of the
Belvola district.— EKD., Bom. Gaz., 518.
Dec. Kollam era 365. Aditya Rama Yarman ruling in Yenad. —
Refs. a.d. 1125.
6. 1111. Govinda, the mathematician, writes his Bdlabodha,
a treatise on a logical work by Sandilya of &urasena. Govinda was
the son of Ladama, and wrote under a king Mukutesvara. —
F. E. Hall's Phil. Index, 28.
Y. Sam. 1245, Jinesvarasuri born. He was consecrated Y. Sam.
1255 and died Y. Sam. 1331. Author of a Chandraprabhasvami-
charitra. His pupil Abhayatilakagani composed, Y. Sam. 1312,
a commentary on the Dvasrayakosa. — PR. iv, Ind. xlv.
Y. Sam. 1247 (?), inscription from Ratnapura. Prithvideva III,
Kalachuri or Haihaya of Ratnapura, son and successor apparently
of Ratnadeva III. — EI. i, 45.
&. 1112-1127. Bhoja or Yira-Bhojadeva, &ilahara of Kolhapur,
son and successor of Yij ay aditya and apparently the last of this
branch of the Silaharas. Was probably overthrown by Singhana II
of Devagiri in, or soon after, 6. 1131, the beginning of the latter's
reign.— EI. iii, 213. PKD., Bom. Gaz., 549. BD. 107, 108.
The poet Chand nourished about this date, being contemporary
with Prithviraja the Chahamana. The authorship of the Prithviraj
Basau has been attributed to him, but by some authorities this
poem is now regarded as a forgery of a much later date. — YOJ.
vii, 189. JBRAS. xi, 283.
a.d. 1190—1192. 167
A.D.
1190
1191
1192
Moggallana (Sangharakkhita Thera), Pali grammarian and lexico-
grapher, flourished in Ceylon : author of the Subodhalanhlra, the
JUiuddasikkhdtikd, the Vuttodaya, and the Sambandhachinta. —
JBA. xliv, pt. 1, p. 90.
H. 587. Mu'izzu-d-Dln takes the fortress of Tabarhindah, and
being himself about to return to GhaznT places Ziyau-d-Dln
Muhammad in charge, with instructions to hold it until his return
after the hot season. In the meantime Pithora Rai (Prithvlraja,
Chahamana of Ajniir), advances with other allied Hindu princes
and defeats Mu'izzu-d-Dln at Tara'In, near Thanesar. The latter,
badly wounded, retires to Labor, whence, on recovering, he returns
to GhaznT. Here Ghiyasu-d-Din summons him to join him along
with Shamsu-d-Dln of Bamian and Taju-d-Din-i-Harab of
Sijistan against Sultan Shah Khwarizmi, who had seized Merv
and plundered the frontiers of Ghur. Previous to these proceedings
against Sultan Shah, Ghiyasu-d-Pm had ordered the murder of
Khusru Malik and his son Bahrain Shah, thus putting an end to
the MahmudI dynasty of GhaznL— RT. 248, 379 ; 456, n. 2 ; 457 ff.
&. 1113, Gopesvar Trident inscriptions of Raja Anekamalla.
The older of the two inscriptions describes Anekamalla' s victories
in Kedarabhumi or Garhwal; the other (dated &. 1113) records
his erection of a palace. — ASNL ii, 44. JBA. v, 347, 485.
6.1113. Jaitugi I, Jaitrasimha or Jaitrapala, Yadava of Devagiri,
succeeds his father Bhillama apparently just after the latter' s defeat
at Lakkundi by the Hoysala Vlra-Ballala, and reigns till a.d. 1210.
Said to have overcome Rudra, lord of the Tailangas ( Vratahhanda),
and to have released Ganapati from prison and made him lord
of the Andhra country (Paithan grant of Ramachandra and Bahal
inscription of Singhana). Inscriptions from Bijapur of 6. 1118,
sixth year of reign, and two undated from Managoli and from
Deur.— YKD., Bom. Gaz., 521. BD.106ff. IA.xiv,316. El.iii, 113.
V. Sam. 1248. Asada, a son of Raja Katuka of the race of
Bhillamala (Bhinmal, Marwar), writes the Vivekamanjari. — PR.
i, 68.
Lakshmidhara, son of the mathematician and astronomer Bhas-
karacharya, flourished, being Chief Pandit to Jaitrapala. — BD. 107.
EI. i, 340.
H. 588. Sultan Shah, Khwarizmi, defeated on the Murgh-ab
by Ghiyasu-d-Din and his allies, retires to Merv. Qutbu-d-Dln
168 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1192
1193
I-bak, the Turk, who had previously fallen into the hands of the
Khwarizmi, is recaptured by the Ghuris. — RT. 248; 378-9; 456,
n. 2; 515. JBA. xlv, 326, 327 ff.
H. 588, Y. Sam. 1249. Prithviraja besieges Tabarhindah, and
Ziyau-d-Dln, after holding it successfully for over thirteen months, is
forced to capitulate, when Mu'izzu-d-Dln, returning to Hindustan,
again encounters Prithviraja and his allies near Thanesar and
totally defeats them, thus becoming virtually master of the country.
Prithviraja, being captured, is put to death and his son appointed
governor of Ajmir. Mu'izzu-d-Dln, according to the Tdju-l-3faldsir,
immediately proceeds to Delhi, then held by a kinsman of Gobind
Rai, but, on the Raja's agreeing to submit and pay a heavy
tribute, he leaves him unmolested and, placing Qutbu-d-Din in
charge of the fort of Kuhram, prepares to return to Ghazni.
Towards the end of the year Qutbu-d-Din defeats the Jats
who, under a leader named Jatwan, had besieged Hansi; after
which he takes Mirat.— RT. 457 ff., 464 ff. ; 466, n. 1 ; 469 ; 516 ff.
EHI. ii, 216. PK. 33.
5. 1113, 1114, Gonamarasa, feudatory governor of the Tarda vadi
country, probably under Jaitugi of Devagiri. — FKD., Bom.
Ga%., 521.
6. 1114. Ereyanna or Eraga governing the Banavasi and San-
talige districts under the Hoysala Yira-Ballala II.— EKD., Bom.
Gaz., 505.
H. 589. Qutbu-d-Din captures Delhi. Mu'izzu-d-Din makes
it the capital of the Muhammadan power in Hindustan and
becomes the founder of the First or Turkish dynasty of the Delhi
Sultans.— RT. 469. JBA. xliv, pt. 1, 275; xlv, 325 ff. BMC,
Sultans of Delhi, xii, xxxiii. PK. 23.
Qutbu-d-Din takes Kalinjar (Kalanjara) and Mahoba, returning
to Delhi by way of Budaun. It was while Qutbu-d-Din was at
Mahoba on this occasion that, according to some authorities,
Muhammad-i-Bakht-yar, Khalji, having conquered Bihar, presented
himself before Qutbu - d - Dm. Later in the same year he left
Bihar and proceeded against Rai Lakhmaniah of Lakhnauti. — RT.
523 ff.; 553. EHI. ii, 231.
In this year fell Chandrasena, last of the Dor Rajas of Baran.
Before his death he killed Khwajah Lai 'All, one of the principal
officers of Qutbu d- Din's invading force. — Growse's Bulandshahr,
42-3. ASKL ii, 5. JBA. xliv, pt. 1, 275.
a.d. 1193—1194. 169
A.D.
1193
1194
May, Kollam era 368, Idavam, inscription near Arringal of
Kerala Varman Tiruvadi, possibly a king of Venad . — Refs. a.d. 1 125.
H. 589. Birth of Minhaju-d-Din the Persian historian. In
H. 624 or 625 he went to Uchh, where the governor Nasiru-d-
Din Qabachah placed him in charge of the Elruzl College
and made him Q,azi of the forces of his son 'Alau-d-Din Bahrain
Shah. He subsequently ingratiated himself with Altamsh,
accompanying him to Delhi, and in H. 630 the latter made him
Qiizi Qhatib and Imam of Gwaliar under the governor Rashidu-d-
Dln-'Ali. In H. 635 he was made superintendent of the JNasiriah
College at Delhi, to which appointment was added that of the
Qaziship of the kingdom in the year H. 639. The latter post he
resigned in H. 640 and went on a visit to Lakhnauti, where
he remained two years. On his return to Delhi in H. 643 the
influence of Ghiyasu-d-Dln Balban (afterwards Ulugh Khan-i-
A'zam and subsequently Sultan of Delhi) obtained for him his
reappointment to the Nasirlah College, the lectureship of the Jami'
Masjid, and the Qazlship of Gwaliar. In H. 649 Minhaju-d-Din
was again made Qazi of the Delhi kingdom and the capital, but
was deprived of that office in H. 651 on the successful issue' of
'Imadu-d-Dln Rayhan's conspiracy against Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam.
On the latter' s return to power Minhaju-d-Din was for the third
time made Qazi of the Delhi kingdom. He died during the reign
of Sultan Ghiyasu-d-Dln Balban, but in what year is unknown. —
Raverty, Memoir of the Author of the Tabaqat-i-Nasirl, JBA. li,
pt. 1, 76 ff.
Y. Sam. 1250. &Uagana and Devabhadra fonnd the Agamika or
Tristutika sect of the Jains.— BR. 1883-4, 153.
Thursday, 1 9th May, Laksh. Sam. 74, Gaya inscription of Asoka-
valla of Sapadalaksha. — IA. x, 346; xix, 7.
H. 590. Qutbu-d-Dln, leaving Delhi, crosses the Jun and takes
the fort of Kol after an obstinate resistance. Later in the same
year he aids Mu'izzu-d-Dln in defeating Jayachchandra of Benares
and Kanauj and capturing his fortress of AsnI. — RT. 470, 518.
H. 590. Muhammad-i-Bakht-yar takes Nadiya,1 Rai Lakhmanlah
fleeing at his approach. Having destroyed the town, Muhammad-i-
Bakht-yar establishes himself at Lakhnauti as governor. — RT. 557 ff.
1 Blochmann assigns the conquest of Bengal to the Hijra year 59-1 or 595.
See JBA. xliv, 275 ff. ; xlv, 330 ft.
170 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1195 Sunday, 10th September, Y. Saih. 1252, Bagrari or Batesvar
stone inscription of the Chandella Paramardideva. — EI. i, 207.
Friday, 27th October, Y. Sam. 1253, Rewa copper-plate of Yijaya-
simhadeva, Kalachnri of Chedi, son and successor of Jayasimhadeva ;
and of his feudatory Salakhanavarmadeva, Maharanaka of Kakaredi,
son of Yatsaraja and brother and successor of Kirtivarman. —
IA. xvii, 227.
H. 591. Qutbu-d-Din having quelled a rising in Ajmir headed
by Bhiraj (or Hamir) a brother of the late Prithviraja, invades
Gujarat, and defeating Bhimadeva's general near Anhilvad, sacks
the town and returns by Hansi to Delhi. — ET. 519, note.
EI. i, 22.
Armativala, feudatory governor of the Taranad, Hadinad, and
Kunad districts under Yira-Ballala II, Hoysala. — FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 505.
S. 1117. Pithapuram inscription of the Konamandala chiefs
Mallideva and Manma-Satya II. — EI. iv, 83.
1196 H. 592. Qutbu-d-Din advances against the Mairs who had
combined with the army of Gujarat to attack the Musalmans.
They, however, force him to retreat to Ajmir and shut him up
there for several months. On Mu'izzu-d-Dm's sending to relieve
him they retire. According to the Tdju-l-Ma'asir Qutbu-d-Din
about this time, having sent an account of his doings to Ghazni,
was summoned thither by Mu'izzu-d-Dln. He returned by way
of Gardaiz and Karman and married at the latter place a daughter
of Taju-d-Din Ilduz (I-yal-duz).
In the same year, according to the same authority, he joined
Mu'izzu-d-Din in an attack on Thangir (Biyana) which, when
captured, was made over to Bahau-d-Dm Tughril. From Thangir
Mu'izzu-d-DIn proceeded to Gwaliar and, leaving its reduction
to Bahau-d-Dm Tughril, returned to Ghazni. Gwaliar held out
about a year and was eventually surrendered to Q,utbu-d-Din,
whereupon Tughril, to whom it had been promised by Mu'izzu-d-
Din, prepared to proceed against him but died suddenly before
he could accomplish it. Shamsu-d-Dln Altamsh was appointed
governor of Gwaliar by Qutbu-d-Din. — ET. 470 and note 3; 517,
note; 518, 520, 546, 604. "Em. ii, 226, 228.
Y. Sam. 1253, Belkhara inscription of Raja Lakhanadeva of
Kanauj . It is noteworthy that this inscription makes no mention of
the Musalman conquest of Kanauj, consummated three years before
a.d. 1196—1200. 171
by the defeat and death of Jayachchandra, last of the Rathor
dynasty.— ASNI. ii, 252-3.
&. 1118. Ylra-Ballala, Hoysa]a, besieges Hangal but is tempo-
rarily repulsed by Sohani, general of Kamadeva the Kadamba.
Eventually Ballala takes Hangal, and Kamadeva, though actively
opposing him up to S. 1125, is lost sight of after that date. —
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 563.
&ankara, feudatory ruler of the Tardavadi district under Jaitugi I
of Devagiri — EKD., Bom. Gaz., 521.
May, Kollam era 371, Medam 25. Ylra Rama Varman Tiruvadi
ruling in Yenad. — Refs. a.d. 1125.
H. 592. The Jami' Masjid (now known as the Qutbi Masjid)
at Delhi said to have been completed. — RT. 520, notes.
H. 593. Q,utbu-d-Din, in the middle of Safar (January), invades
Gujarat to avenge his reverse of the previous year, and on the
13th Rabr I (3rd February) wins a victory over Bhimadeva's forces
which gives him temporary possession of Anhilvad, after which he
returns to Delhi.— RT. 521. EHI. ii, 229.
Lakshma, Lakshmidhara, or Lakhmideva, feudatory of the Hoysala
Yira-Bailala II.— FED., Bom. Gaz., 506.
S. 1121. Rayadeva or Rayadevarasa governing the Belvola
country under the Hoysala Yira-BaUala II. — IA. ii, 298. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 506.
S. 1121-1141. Kartavirya IY, Ratta, ruling at Belgaum; his
younger brother, Mallikarjuna, being associated with him during
part of his reign. Kartavirya' s wives were Echaladevi and Madevi.
JBRAS. x, 220 ff. (Kalholi inscription) ; ih. 240 ff. (Nesargi inscrip-
tion). IA. xix, 242 (Bhoj copper-plate). EKD., Bom. Gaz., 556-7.
Sunday, 30th April, Y. Sam. 1256, copper-plate from Bhopal.
Udayavarmadeva, Paramara of Malava, son of Harischandra, and
successor of Lakshmivarmadeva. — IA. xvi, 252.
Jayaratha, Sringara or ^rihgararatha, Kashmirian philosopher,
flourished : author of the Tantralokaviveka, a commentary on
Abhinavagupta's Tantrdloka. His brother Jayadratha wrote the
Alahharavimarsinl, a commentary on Ruyyaka's Alahhurasarvasva,
also the Haracharitachintamani. — BKR. 61, 81, 82. PR. ii, p. 18.
AC. 200.
172 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1200
1201
1202
1203
The Marathi poet Mukundraj flourished, having been, according
to tradition, the guru of Jaitrapala or Jaitugi, Yadava of Devagiri.
Author of the Vivek Sindhu. — Trans. Ninth Oriental Congress,
i, 283-4.
April-May, H. 597, Rajab. Ghiyasu-d-Din and his brother
Mu'izzu-d-Dln, on the death of Takish of Khwarizm, despatch
Muhammad-i-Kharnak to Merv, and follow themselves with a large
army. After plundering the country about Tus they advance to
Shad-yakh, a part of the city of Nlshapur, where they force 'All
Shah, the Sultan's brother, to capitulate, thus obtaining temporary
possession of the country as far as Bustam and Jurjan. Leaving
a strong force at Nishapiir under Malik Ziyau-d-DIn, Ghiyasu-d-Din
returns to Hirat, while Mu'izzu-d-Dln proceeds to Quhistan against
the Mulahidah heretics with whom he comes to terms, and having
occupied Junabad leaves the Qazi of Tiilak in charge.
Muhammad-i-Takish, setting out in Zi'1-hijjah of the same year,
reaches Shad-yakh early in H. 598 and forces Malik Ziyau-d-Din
to surrender, treating him and his troops with honour. He then
proceeds by way of Merv towards Khwarizm to prepare for
advancing on Hirat. — RT. 255, n. 7 ; 393, n. 8.
Baijnath copper-plate of the Rajbar Indradeva of the Katyuri
line of Kumaun. — NWP. Gazetteer, xi, 519, 520.
S. 1124. Jagadala-Bhattamadeva and Amritesvara, feudatories of
Yira-Ballala II, Hoysala, the first governing the Kuntala country.
— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 506; also 1st ed., p. 68.
Sunday, 16th June, S. 1124, Pithapuram inscription. Coronation
of Mallapadeva III, Eastern Chalukya of Pithapuram, son and
successor of Yijayaditya III. The Chalukyas of Pithapuram
claimed descent from Beta or Yijayaditya I of the Eastern Chalukyas
of Yehgl.— EI. iv, 226 ff.
H. 599. The KhwarizmTs invest Hirat and Ghiyasu-d-Din and
Mu'izzu-d-Dln advance to its relief, the latter by way of Tal-qan.
Sultan Muhammad retreats to Merv, and halting at Sarakhs opens
negotiations with the Ghuris. On the 27th Jumada' I (11th Feb.)
Ghiyasu-d-Din dies at Hirat, and Mu'izzu-d-Dm, leaving a large
force at Tus under Muhammad-i-Kharnak, withdraws from
Khurasan and goes to Badghais, where he assumes the supreme
power, appointing his nephew Mahmud ibn Ghiyasu-d-Din to the
a.d. 1203—1204. 173
charge of Bust, Isfirar, and Farah ; his cousin Ziyau-d-Din
Muhammad to Flruz-koh and Ghur with the title of 'Alau-d-DIn ;
and his sister's son Nasiru-d-Dm Alb (Arslan-)i-Ghazi, Saljuqi,
to Hirat and its dependencies. Mubammad-i-Kharnak, in the mean-
time, being overthrown by a body of Khwarizmi troops is captured
and executed. The Khwarizmi nobles urge Sultan Muhammad
to march again against Hirat, and in Jumada' I, H. 600, he appears
before it for the second time, and Alp-i-Ghazi, the governor,
stipulating for the safety of life and property, surrenders it. —
ET. 257, n. 2; 383, 393, 397, 471, 472. PK. 31.
H. 600. Nasiru-d-Dm-i-Aetamur, governor of Uchh, having
been slain in the engagement at Andkhud of the previous year,
Mu'izzu-d-Dm appoints Nasiru-d-Dm Qabachah (Qaba-jah) to
succeed him in that office.— ET. 531-2. BMC, MS. xlv.
&. 1125. Kamathada-Mallisetti governing the Santalige and
Nagarakhanda districts in the Banavasi country under the Hoysala
Yira-Ballala II. Mallana acting as Mahapradhdna and Dandanayaka
of the same king. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 506.
8. 1125, 1161. Mandvi and Lonad inscriptions of Kesideva,
son of Apararka (possibly Aparaditya II, Silahara of the Northern
Kohkan). — Bom. Ga%. xiii, pt. 2, 427.
H. 601. Mu'izzu-d-Dm invades Khwarizm to avenge the
death of Muhammad-i-Kharnak ; but is forced to retreat before
Muhammad-i- Khwarizm Shah to Hazar-Asp, where the Ghuris are
defeated, and in their retreat towards Andkhud encounter the
troops of Gur Khan of Qara khita and sustain heavy loss, Mu'izzu-
d-Din, himself, being only saved from capture by intervention of
Sultan 'Usnian of Samrqand. On his return to Ghazni he makes
a treaty of peace with Muhammad Khwarizmi. — ET. 473-481.
H. 601. Muhammad-i-Bakht-yar starts on an expedition into
Tibet and Turkistan, his route lying along the bank of the river
Tlsta through Sikkim to Burdhan-kot. On reaching the table-
land of Tibet, he encounters the Turks and, after a hard-won
victory, Muhammad-i-Bakht-yar retreats. On the return march
the greater part of his troops are drowned in fording a river, and
he returns to Dlb-kot heart-broken at his disaster. — RT. 560-573.
&. 1126-1131, Kalholi inscription and Bhoj copper-plate. Malli-
karjuna, Ratta, governing at Belgaum with his brother Kartavlrya IV
(q.v., a.d. 1199).
174 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1204 V. Sam. 1261-1296. Tilakacharya, author of an Avasyalala-
ghuvritti (Y. Sam. 1296); of the Pratyelcabuddhacharitra; and of
a commentary on the DasavaikaliJcasutra (Y. Sam. 1261), etc. —
PR. i, 60 ; iv, Ind. xlviii.
Conquest of Constantinople by the Crusaders. This event is of
some importance in the history of the development of trade
relations between Europe and the East. The Yenetians receiving
from the Crusaders a part of the Peloponnesos, began about this
time to secure a monopoly of the trade with the East, or at least
of that portion of it carried on by the Black Sea. Fifty-seven
years later the Greeks rose in rebellion and, with the aid of the
Genoese, expelled the Latin emperor from Constantinople. As
a reward for their services the Genoese received the suburb of
Pera at Constantinople. The Yenetians, thus deprived of their
monopoly of the overland trade, were forced to revisit Alexandria
and procure Indian articles by the Eed Sea. — Gleig's History of
the British Empire in India, vol. i, 312 5.
1205
1206
H. 602. The Khokar tribe rebel and devastate the country
round Lahor. Mu'izzu-d-Din proceeds against them from GhaznT,
5th Rabi' I (20th October) and on the 25th defeats them on the
JhHam aided by Qutbu-d-Dm I-bak and Shamsu-d-Dm Altamsh,
the latter of whom greatly distinguishes himself and is commended
by the Sultan.— RT. 481-4, 604.
H. 602. Khwajah Hasan Sadr Nizami nourished, having in this
year begun his Taju-l-Ma'asir. — EHI. ii, 209.
&. 1 127. In the reign of Bhojadeva II, &ilahara of Kolhapur, the
Sahddrnavachandrikd composed by Somadeva. — IA. x, 75 ; 76, n. 2.
The SaduJctikarndmrita, an anthology, compiled by ^rldharadasa,
son of Yatudasa the friend and general of Lakshmanasena of
Bengal. — Rajendralal Mitra's Notices of Sanskrit MSS., iii, 134.
EI. ii, 332. PR. ii, 69.
H. 602, 2nd Sha'ban (14th March). Mu'izzu-d-Din, on his
return from Lahor, is assassinated on the Indus by a Mulahidah
heretic or, as some writers say, by a band of Khokars. His nephew
Ghiyasu-d-Dm Mahmud, son of Ghiyasu-d-Din Muhammad, secures
the throne of Ghur and gains possession of Firuzkoh. Qutbu-d-Dm
I-bak establishes himself in Hindustan, being crowned at Lahor
18th Zilq'adah (26th June), and Taju-d-Dm llduz takes possession
of Ghazni.— RT. 398 ; 484-493 ; 522-3, note.
a.d. 1206—1209. 175
H. 603. Qutbu-d-Din I-bak advances into the Panjab against
Taju-d-Dln llduz, who had sent the wazlr of Ghazni against
QabFichah and driven him from Labor, which he was holding for
Qutbu-d-Din. Taju-d-Din being defeated retires to Kirman and
Shaluzan, and Qutbu-d-Din takes possession of Ghazni which he
holds forty days when, llduz advancing, he retreats to Lahor.
Izzu-d-Dm 'Ali-i-Mardan is said to have accompanied Qutbu-d-Din
on this expedition and to have been captured by the partizans
of llduz, though other writers represent him as having fallen into
the hands of Turks who carried him off to Kashgar. — RT. 503 ;
526, n. 8 ; 576, n. 6.
H. 602. Izzu-d-Dln Muhammad Shiran succeeds to the govern-
ment of Lakhnauti in Bengal on the assassination of Muhammad-i-
Bakht-yar by Ali-i-Mardan. The latter being imprisoned by
Muhammad Shiran escapes and takes refuge with Q,utbu-d-Din
I-bak at Delhi. — RT. 575, n. 9 ; 576. BMC, Muhammadan States,
p. 3.
V. Sam. 1263. The Satapadiku composed by Dharmaghosha.
A commentary on it was written in V. Sam. 1294 by Mahendrasimha.
—PR. i, 63 ; iv, Ind. lxv.
August 9th, &. 1129, inscription at Patna, Khandesh. Soideva,
Mkumbha, ruling as feudatory of Jaitugi I, Yadava of Devagiri.
He was succeeded by his brother Hemadideva, who ruled under
Jaitugi' s successor, Singhana. — EI. i, 338.
Madhavayya, feudatory of the Hoysala Yira-Ballala II. — FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 506.
Ballayya governing Annigere under the Hoysala Vira-Ballala II.
—FKD., Bom. Gaz., 506.'
Y. Sam. 1265-85. Jinadattasiiri of the Yayada gachchha
flourished. Author of the Vivekavildsa. — PR. iv, Ind. xxxvi.
B. 1130, inscription from Hannikeri, near Sampgaon. Lakshmi-
deva, Lakshmana, or LakshmTdhara, Ratta of Saundatti, son of
Kartavlrya III, apparently reigning ; though this date is not easily
reconcilable with those of his sons Kartavlrya IY and Malli-
karjuna which fall earlier. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 556.
Y. Sam. 1265, Abu inscription. Dharavarsha, Mundaliha of
Chandra vatT, ruling as feudatory of Bhimadeva II of Gujarat. —
IA. xi, 220.
176 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1209
1210
Kollam era 384, Idavam or Mithunam, and Thursday, 18th
Mmam, 389. Yira Iranian Kerala Yarman reigning in Yenad. —
P. S. Pillai, Early Sovereigns of Travancore, p. 42 ff.
H. 607. Qutbu-d-Dm 1-bak dies at Lahor and is succeeded by
Aram Shah, probably his adopted son. Altamsh, governor of
Budaun, a former slave and the son-in-law of Qutbu-d-Dm, seizes
Delhi, and Aram Shah, advancing against him, is defeated in the
plain of Jud and probably put to death by Altamsh, who becomes
ruler of Delhi.— RT. 528-9.
Nasiru-d-Din Qabachah takes possession of Sindh, Multan,
Bhakar, and Siwastan, to which he afterwards adds the territory
extending to the Sarasvati and Kuhram. He reigned independently
and until H. 625 = ad. 1227.— RT. 529. JBA. lxi, pt. 1, 168.
BMC, Muhammadan States, xlv.
Ali-i-Mardan assumes independence at Lakhnauti with the title .
of 'Alau-d-Din.— RT. 577 ff. JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 349.
S. 1132. Singhana, Simha, Simhala, Tribhuvanamalla, Yaclava
of Devagiri, succeeds his father Jaitugi. Singhana was one of the
most powerful of the Yadava sovereigns. Inscriptions state that
he defeated Jajalladeva; Ballala the Hoysala; Bhoja of Kolhapur,
whose kingdom he annexed, and that he humbled the sovereign of
Malava, these and other victories being also mentioned in the
Vratahhanda. An inscription from Ambem describes the exploits
against the Gurjara, Malava, and Abhira princes of the Brahman
chief Kholesvara, Singhana' s general, and relates how his son aDd
successor in command, Rama, led an unsuccessful expedition into
Gujarat, losing his life after a hard-fought battle on the banks of
the N armada. Two invasions of Gujarat in the time of Lavana-
prasada and Yiradhavala by " Simhana, king of the south" are
mentioned by Somesvara in his Kirtikaumudi, and after one of these
a peace seems to have been concluded between Singhana and
Lavanaprasada. Rama's expedition probably took place shortly
before &. 1160, when Ylsaladeva was reigning at Dholka. The
post of chief astrologer was held under Singhana by Chahgadeva,
grandson of the astronomer Bhaskaracharya and by Anantadeva,
grandson of Bhaskara's brother 6ripati. The former founded
a college at Patna, Khandesh, for the study of Bhaskara's Sidd-
hantasiromani, and Anantadeva built and consecrated a temple
to Bhavani in the same district, 6. 1144.
Sodhala, son of Bhaskara, a native of Kashmir who had settled
a.d. 1210—1215. 177
A.D.
1210
1211
1213
1215
in the Dekkan, was chief secretary or Srlkaranadhipa, which office
he held under Jaitrapala and Bhillama. His son 6arngadhara wrote
during this reign a treatise on music — the Sangltaratndkara — on
which King Singhana seems to have written a commentary. —
JBRAS. ix, 326 (inscription from Tilivalli of 6. 1160); xii, 1, 7 ff.
(inscriptions of 6. 1136 from Khedrapur) ; ib. 2, 11 ff., or ASWI.
ii, pi. lxxiv, p. 233, and ib. 3, 116 (from Munoli, £. 1145) ; xv, 383
(from Haralahalla, 6. 1160). ASWI. iii, 85 (Ambem inscription,
6.1162). EL iii, 110 (from Bahal, Khandesh, of 6.1144). PSOCL,
Nos. 87, 100, 112, 201. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 522. BD. 107 ff.
Narayana-Lakshmideva and Yira-Bijjarasa, son of Anegadeva,
ruling as feudatories of the Yadava, Singhana. — FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 523.
February 7th, 6. 1130 for 1131. Nagpur Museum inscription of
Jagadekabhushana-Maharaja or Somesvaradeva-Chakravartin, a king
apparently connected with some branch of the Sinda family. —
EI. iii, 314.
i
H. 608. Sultan ' Alau-d-Din 'Ali-i-Hardan of Lakhnauti murdered
by a party of Khaljl Amirs, who elect Husamu-d-Dln 'Iwaz his
successor. — RT. 580. JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 349. BMC, Muhammadan
States, p. 3.
Thursday, February 24th, V. Sam. 1267 exp., Piplianagar
copper-plate; Y. Sam 1270 and 1272 on copper-plates from
Bhopal. Arjunavarmadeva, Paramara of Malava, son and suc-
cessor of Subhatavarman, whose predecessors were : his father,
Vindhyavarman, and grandfather Ajayavarman, the latter being
probably a son of Yasovarman and brother of Jayavarman whom
he apparently deposed. Arjunavarman was the author of the
Rasikasanjivinl, a commentary on the AmarusataTca. — See a.d. 1138.
JBA. v, 377 ff. JAOS. vii, 25, 32. IA. xix, 24. ZDMG. xlvii,
92 ff.
V. Sam. 1269-1298. Trailokyavarmadeva, Chandella, son and
successor of Paramardideva. Ajaygadh inscription. — CASR. xxi,
50, 147.
H. 612. Taju-d-Dm Ilduz driven into Hindustan by the
Khwarizmis who, under Muhammad Shah, had seized Ghaznl,
defeats Qabachah near Lahor and takes possession of the Panjab.
— RT. 505.
12
178 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
S. 1 137. Tribhuvanachakravartin Rajarajadeva II, Chola, begins
to reign. Poygai temple inscriptions of &. 1160, 1161, and 1165,
in his 22nd, 24th, and 28th years respectively. Tirumalai in-
scription of 20th year, and Ganganur inscription of 41st year. —
ASSI. iii, 86 ff. and 105, No. 74; 128, No. 106; 143, No. 150.
MGO., 6th August, 1892, No. 544, 10.
Ylra-Mallideva, or Mallikarjima, of the Kadamba lineage,
begins to govern the Banavasi and Hahgal districts. Inscriptions
of 8. 1 163 and 1 1 73 show him to have been apparently independent.
— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 564.
Hemmeyanayaka holding the office of SuhMdhikarin of the
Banavasi district under Mayidevapandita, a feudatory of the Yadava
Sihghana.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 523.
H. 612. Taju-d-Din Ildiiz, now master of the Panjab, advances
against Shamsu-d-Din Altamsh to enforce certain claims resisted by
the latter. Shamsu-d-Din encounters and defeats him near Tara'In
3rd Shauwal (25th January), and Taju-d-Din taken captive is
shortly afterwards put to death at Budaun. — RT. 505, 608.
H. 613. Altamsh proceeds in Jumada' I (August) from Delhi
to Lahor against Qabachah. — RT. 533.
Y. Sam. 1273. Ajitadevasuri writes a yogavidhi which is quoted
in the Vichararatnasahgraha. — PR. iv, Ind. 1.
H. 613, 24th January (14th Shauwal). Altamsh crosses the
Biyas, and Qabachah retreating to Lahor is pursued and routed.
He escapes to Uchh. Altamsh taking Lahor appoints his eldest
son, Nasiru-d-Din Mahmiid, governor of it early in H. 614. —
RT. 533^ PK. 42. EHI. ii, 240-1.
Saturday, 24th November, Y. Sam. 1275, Harsauda inscription.
Devapaladeva ruling at Dhara. Two inscriptions at Udepur give
him the dates Y. Sam. 1286 and 128[9]? The evidence of the
Harsauda inscription establishes his connection with the Paramara
rulers Lakshmivarman, Harischandra, and Udayavarmadeva. —
IA. xix, 24; xx, 83, 310 (Harsauda inscription).
Ballaladeva governing the Masavadi country under Sihghana of
Devagiri. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 523.
H. 616 (coin date). Husamu-d-Din 'Iwaz, who had succeeded
Alau-d-Dm as governor of Bengal in a.d. 1211, assumes inde-
a.d. 1219—1221. 179
A.D.
1219
1221
pendence1 under the title of Ghiyasu-d-Din. — JBA. xlii, pt. 1,
354.
Rise of the Yyaghrapalliya or Yaghela branch of the Anhilvad
Chaulukyas. The founders of this dynasty, Lavanaprasada and
his son Yiradhavala, having rebelled against Bhlmadeva II and
seized part of his dominions, establish their independence at Dholka,
about this date, appointing as their ministers the famous Jaina
brothers Yastupala and Tejahpala. — I A. vi, 190, 213. Kathvate's
Klrtikaumudl, xiv, xv.
V. Sam. 1276. &ravasti inscription recording the erection of
a convent for Buddhist ascetics at the town of Ajavrisha by
Yidyadhara. Yidyadhara' s father, Janaka, was counsellor to
Gopala, the ruler of Gadhipura or Kanauj, and Yidyadhara seems
to have held a similar position under Madana, probably a successor
of Gopala.— ASM. ii, 308.
Jinadatta, author of the Vivelcavilasa, flourishes under Udaya-
simha, Chahumana of Javalipura, a contemporary of Yiradhavala
of Dholka (a.d. 1219-1235).— BR. 1883-4, 156.
H. 618, August (Rajab). Jalalu-d-Din Mang-barni, Khwarizmi,
defeated on the Indus by the Mu glials under Chingiz Khan. He
then retires into Hindustan. The Mu glials sent under Turtae in
pursuit of him, invest Multan which holds out, and after ravaging
the provinces of Multan, Lahor, Peshawar, and Malikpiir retire
again to Ghazni. Jalalu-d-Din, meanwhile, retreating towards
the frontiers of Delhi, sends an envoy to Shamsu-d-Dm Altamsh
requesting shelter; but this being refused, he returns to Balalah
and Nikalah near Lahor, where he is joined by some of his old
soldiers. He sends a detachment against the Khokar chief in the
Hills of Jud which returns victorious with much booty, and then,
in alliance with the Khokar chief, proceeds against Qabachah whom
he totally routs near Uchh, after which he returns to the Salt Range
hills, taking on his way a fortress called Bisiram or Bisram. —
RT. 285 ff., notes; 293, n. 5; 609.
1 Raverty points out in his translation of the Tabaqat-i-Nasirl, notes p. 772,
that Ghiyasu-d-Dln 'Iwaz never acknowledged Altamsh as his suzerain until
H. 622. He accounts for the presence of coins of the latter in Bengal by
supposing them to have been struck in Bihar, whither Altamsh on several
occasions had sent forces, and where he had established feudatories of his own.
180 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1222
1223
1224
1225
S. 1145. Jogadeva, feudatory of Singhana of Devagiri, and
younger brother of Jagadala-Purushottama who apparently ruled
the Toragale district. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 523.
Y. Sam. 1278. The Jayantavijayakavya composed by Abhaya-
devasiiri (Yadisimha), pupil of Vijayachandrasuri and third in
succession to JinasekharasQri who nourished Y. Sam. 1204. — PR. iv,
Ind. vii.
H. 620. Chingiz Khan despatches another army against Jalalu-d-
Dln Mang-barni who moves to Lower Sindh. Qabachah remaining
hostile, Jalalu-d-Dm proceeds to Uchh which he fires, and thence
to Siwastan (now Sehwan) the governor of which, Fakhru-d-Dln
Salari, surrenders. Jalalu-d-Dm, leaving him in charge, marches
to Dlbal and Damrilah, whence he despatches a force under
Khas Khan towards Nahrwalah (Anhilvad) which returns with
great booty.— RT. 294, note.
H. 621. Jalalu-d-Dm Mang-barni, hearing of the establishment
of his brother Ghiyasu-d-Dln Pir Shah in 'Iraq and of the invest-
ment of Bardasir in Kirman by Buraq, the Hajib, sets out for
'Iraq by way of Makran and appoints Al-Hasan Qarlugh viceroy
of Ghur and Ghazni. — RT. 295. BMC, Muhammadan States, xlvi.
V. Sam. 1280-90 on coins. Malayavarmadeva of Narwar
reigning. — PK. 67, 74. JBA. xxxiv, 127.
Y. Sam. 1280, copper-plate issued from Anhilvad by Jayanta-
simha who seems to have usurped the throne for a short time from
Bhimadeva II.— IA. vi, 196 ff.
6. 1145-1157, inscriptions at Harihar, etc. Narasimha II,
Hoysala, son and successor of Yira-Ballala ; married Kalaledevi.
Retired, on the loss of his dominions to the Yadavas of Devagiri,
to his capital of Dvarasamudra. Said to have given the Pandya
king's dominions to the Chola king. During his reign his Mahu-
pradhdna, Polalva, built a temple at Harihar to the god Harihara. —
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 506. PSOCL, No. 123. RML, p. 30. REC,
pt. i, No. Md. 121, 14, iii, etc. Inscriptions at &ravana Belgola,
No. 81.
H. 622. Altamsh marches against Ghiyasu-d-DIn 'Iwaz of Bengal,
but a peace is arranged and 'Iwaz agrees to give Altamsh 38
elephants and 80 lakhs of tangahs. On withdrawing, Altamsh
appoints 'Izzu-d-Dm Jam to Bihar, but Ghiyasu-d-Dln subsequently
reannexes it.— RT. 593-4, 610.
a.d. 1225—1228. 181
A.D.
1225
1226
1227
1228
V. Sam. 1282, inscription from Palanpnr, N. Gujarat, recording
the death of Vanaraja of the Gedla family, possibly a local chief
of Gujarat.— EI. ii, 28.
H. 623. Altamsh takes the fort of Eantambhor. Nasiru-d-DIn
Mahmud, his eldest son, appointed governor of Oudh. — ET. 610.
EHI. ii, 328. JBA. 1873, pt. i, 361.
H. 623. Malik Khan, with a body of Khalj fugitives, attacks
Mansiirah and Sehwan but is defeated and slain by Qabachah.
His followers seek protection from Altamsh. — ET. 539 ff. ; 615,
notes. PK. 100.
Mayidevapandita governing the Halasige district under Singhana,
Yadava of Devagiri. See a.d. 1215 under Hemmeyanayaka.
H. 624. Altamsh takes Mandawar in the Siwalikh territory. —
ET. 611.
H. 624. JSasiru-d-Dm Mahmud, son of Altamsh and governor of
Oudh, seizes LakhnautI during the absence of Ghiyasu-d-Din 'Iwaz
on an expedition to Kamrup and Bang. The latter returning is
defeated and put to death by Nasiru-d-DIn Mahmud, who succeeds
him as governor of LakhnautI. — ET. 594-5. BMC, Ifuhammadan
States, 3.
H. 624. Minhaj-i-Saraj, the historian, arrives at Uchh, and in
Zi'1-hijjah of the same year (November-December) is appointed to
the charge of the Firuzi College and to the Qaziship of the forces
of 'Alau-d-Dln Bahrain Shah (son of !Nasiru-d-Din Qabachah).—
ET. 541-2.
Y. Sam. 1283. Birth of Ajitasimha, pupil of Simhaprabha and
guru of Devendrasimha in the Anchala gachchha. — PE. iv, Ind. i.
H. 625. Altamsh proceeds by way of Tabarhindah to Uchh
against Qabachah, while Ai-yitim, governor of Lahor, advances on
Multan. Altamsh reaches Uchh 1st Eabi' I (9th February), upon
which Qabachah flees to Bhakar. Ai-yitim meanwhile reduces
Multan. Altamsh sends his wazlr Muhammad ibn Abu Sa'id to
besiege Qabachah at Bhakar and himself invests Uchh, which
surrenders 28th Jumada' I (5th May). Qabachah attempting to
escape from Bhakar is drowned, 22nd Jumada' II (29th May), the
fort surrenders and Sindh is annexed to the Delhi empire, Uchh
and its dependencies being conferred on Taju-d-Din Sanjar-i-Gazj-
lak Khan.— ET. 542, n. 9; 611 ; 724. PK. 100.
182 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1228
1229
1230
H. 625. Altamsh appoints his son Ruknu-d-Dln Flruz Shah to
Budaun.— RT. 631.
H. 625. Altamsh assigns the Siwalikh country, Ajmir, Lawah,
Kasill, and Sanbhar JNamak to Nasiru-d-Dln Ai-yitim. — RT. 728.
S. 1151, inscription from Saundatti. Lakshmideva II, Ratta,
son of Kartavirya IY, ruling at Belgaum. With Lakshmideva the
power of the dynasty seems to have ended. He was probably
subdued soon after this date by the Yadavas of Devagiri, Yichana,
Sihghana's viceroy, claiming, in the Haralahalli grant, a.d. 1238, to
have subdued the Rattas.— JBRAS. x, 260 ff., and ASWI. ii, 223 ;
iii, 107.
Y. Sam. 1285. Jagachchandra founds the Tapagachchha of the
Jains. — I A. xi, 254-5.
H. 626, 19th February (23rd Rabi' I). Altamsh receives the
diploma of investiture from the 'Abbasi Khalifah of Baghdad,
Al-Mustansir B'illah, confirming him in the sovereignty of Hindu-
stan. In this year occurred the death of his eldest son, Nasiru-d-
Din Mahmud, governor of Oudh and Lakhnauti, and the birth
of another son whom Altamsh named after him. — RT. 616-7, 669.
The Sukritasankirtana written by Arisimha, son of Lavanyasimha
or Lavanasimha, in honour of his patron Yastupala, the Jaina
minister of the Dholka Rana Yiradhavala and his son Ylsaladeva.
Contemporary with Arisimha was Amarapandita, called also
Amarayati or Amarachandra, the pupil of Jinadattasuri and author
of the JBdlabhdrata, the Kavyalalpalata, the Kavyakalpalataparimala,
and the Padmananda. Arisimha wrote a manual of Poetics called
the Kavitarahasya and apparently assisted Amarachandra with the
Kavyakalpalata. — Biihler, Das SukritasamMrtana des Arisimha,
Sitzungsberichte der KAdW. in Wien, Phil. -hist. CL, Bd. cxix, 7.
PR. i, 58. BR. 1883-4, p. 6.
Y. Sam. 1285. Birth of Jinaprabodha, author of the Durga-
prabodhavyakhya. — I A. xi, 249.
H. 627. Altamsh invades Lakhnauti to suppress the rebellion
of Balka Malik (Ikhtiyaru-d-Dln Daulat Shah-i-Balka) son of
Ghiyasu-d-Dm 'Iwaz, who had assumed sovereignty on the death
of Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud.— RT. 617 ff. JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 364.
Yalabhl or Gupta Sam. 911. Mahgrol inscription of Ranaka,
son of Mulu.— BI. 161.
Udayaprabhasuri, author of the Dharmulhyudayamahukavya and
a.d. 1230—1232. 183
A.D.
1230
1231
1232
of an Arambhasiddhi, probably nourished about this date, being
mentioned in an inscription of Y. Sara. 1287= a.d. 1231, and
patronized by Yastupala, minister of Ylradhavala (d. a.d. 1241). —
Pit. iv, Ind. xiii. Weber, Catal. ii, 942, note.
Krishnabhatta's Ratnamdla composed about this date. — Biihler,
IA. vi, 180, n. 3.
Chandapala, the commentator on Trivikramabhatta's Damayantt-
katha, may have lived about this date. — Weber, Catal. ii, 1205.
(V. Sam. 1288-1311 on inscriptions.) The poet Somesvara
nourished. He was chaplain to Rhimadeva II of Gujarat and
to the Dholka Harms, Lavanaprasada and Ylradhavala. Somesvara's
chief work, the IClrtilcaumudl, was written in honour of the latter
and of his Jaina minister Yastupala. — Kathvate's Klrtihaumudl,
Introd. ix. EI. i, 20 ff.
H. 628. Altamsh, after defeating Balka Malik and appointing
'Izzu-1-Muluk 'Alau-d-Dm Jam to the government of Lakhnauti,
returns in Rajab (May) to Delhi. ;Alau-d-Din Jam being shortly
after deposed, Saif u-d-Dln I-bak-i- Yu ghan-Tat is appointed governor
from Delhi.— RT. 618; 774, notes.
H. 629. Altamsh besieges Gwaliar which, after being taken by
Q,utbu-d-Dln I-bak, had been lost to the Musalmans during the
disturbances that arose after the latter's death. — RT. 619.
Monday, 7th April, 6. 1153 and S. 1172, Ganapesvaram and
Ekamranatha inscriptions. Ganapati, Kakatlya of Orangal, son
and successor of Mahadeva. Claims to have defeated Simhana
(the Yadava Sihghana II, a.d. 1210-1247), the king of Kalinga,
and to have had the Lata and Gauda kings as vassals. Ganapati' s
dates are stated by Professor Wilson (Mackenzie Coll., I, cxxxi) to
range from a.d. 1223-1261. On the other hand, tradition alleges
that he died in a.d. 1257, when his widow Rudramma succeeded
him. The Ganapesvaram inscription mentions Ganapati's general,
Jaya or Jayana, who built at Dvipa a temple to &iva called Gana-
pesvara or Ganapatisvara in honour of his patron, King Ganapati. —
IA. xxi, 197. EI. iii, 82, and ASSI. i and ii.
H. 629. Death of Sanjar-i-Gajz-lak Khan, governor of Sindh.
Saifu-d-Din I-bak appointed to TJchh to succeed him. — RT. 724,
730. EHI. i, 340.
H. 630, 12th December (26th Safar). Altamsh takes the fort
of Gwaliar after eleven months' resistance. — RT. 620.
184
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
AD.
1232
1233
1234
1235
H. 630. Ruknu-d-Dm Firuz Shah appointed to Lahor. —
RT. 631.
H. 630. 'Izzu-d-Dm Tu ghril-i- Tu ghan Khan made governor of
Budaun.— RT. 736.
H. 631. Emissaries sent by Balka Khan, son of TushT, son
of Chingiz Khan, arrive at Delhi from Qifchaq (Kipchak) bringing
presents to Altamsh. — RT. 644, notes.
H. 631 . Nusratu-d-Dm, Tayasa'I, invades Kalinjar from Gwaliar.
The Raja retreating discomfited, he plunders the towns and takes
vast booty. On his return Chahadadeva or Chahardeva, Raja
of Narwar, intercepts him, but Nusratu-d-Dln defeats him and
returns to Gwaliar. In the same year he is appointed to Biyana
and Sultan-kot and to the superintendency of the Gwaliar territory.
— RT. 732-4. PK. 67.
H. 631. Death of Saifu-d-Din I-bak-i-Yughan-tat, governor
of Lakhnauti. Tughril-i-Tu ghan Khan succeeds him. — RT. 732,
736.
S. 1157. Yira-Somesvara, Soma, or Sovideva, Hoysala, succeeds
his father Narasimha II. His inscriptions range from S. 1151,
during his father's reign, to &. 1 177. His wives were : — SomaladevT,
daughter of Yittarasa; Yijjala, Bijjala, or Bijjalarani, mother of
Narasimha III ; and Devalamahadevi by whom he had a daughter,
Ponnambala, and a son, Yira-Ramanatha, who seems to have been
a feudatory of the Pandyas. The Pandya king Sundara-Pandya
or Jatavarman claims in his Ranganatha inscription to have taken
Srirangam from Somesvara, whom he seems to have slain. A ccording
to one of his own records, Somesvara was an enemy of the Yadava,
Krishna of Devagiri. — EKD., Bom. Ga%., 507 ff.
H. 632. Altamsh takes Bhilsa and TJjjain.— RT. 621.
H. 633, 24th Rabi' I (7th December). Death of Khwajah
Qutbu-d-Din, Bakht-yar, Kaki of Ush, near Baghdad, a famous
Muhammadan saint who came to Multan in the time of Nasiru-
d-Din Qabachah; he subsequently went to Delhi, where Altamsh
offered him the post of Shaikhu-1-Islam which he declined. The
Qutb-Minarah at Delhi was erected to his memory. — RT. 621-2,
notes.
Kollam era 410, 28th Medam, Yira Iravi Kerala Yarman Tiruvadi
ruling in Yenad. — Pillai, Early Sovereigns of Travancore, 49 ff.
a.d. 1235—1236. 185
A.D.
1235
1235
1236
Y. Sam. 1292, 1300. Asadhara, son of Sallakshana of the
Yyaghreravala family, flourishes. He was a native of Sapada-
laksha, who, on the Muhammadan conquest of his own country,
migrated to Malava, where he studied the Jain a doctrines and wrote
the Trishashtismriti (Y. Sam. 1292), the Bhavyakumudachandrikd
(Y. Sam. 1300), a commentary on his own Dharmdmrita, composed
in the reign of Jaitugideva son of Devapala, Paramara ; the
Jinayajnakalpa, and various other works. — BR. 1883-4, 103 ff.
Death of Yiradhavala, Yaghela of Dholka. It took place,
according to Rajasekhara and Harshagani, not long before that
of his minister Yastupala, which occurred Y. Sam. 1298. By the
influence of the latter Yiradhavala' s younger son, Yisaladeva,
succeeds his father. The elder Yirama fleeing to his father-in-law
Udayasimha, chief of Javalipura or Jabali, is subsequently murdered
at Yastupala's instigation. — BD. 110, 111. IA. vi, 190.
H. 633. Altamsh leads an expedition to Banian, possibly
directed against Uktae, the Mughal, who had sent an army under
Mukanu or Mukatu towards Hind and Kashmir to ravage the
country. On his return Altamsh is seized with illness, and
reaching Delhi in Sha'ban (April) dies there later in the same
month and is succeeded by his son Ruknu-d-DIn Firuz Shah I.
Rebellion breaks out in different parts of the empire : in Oudh
under Muhammad Shah, a younger brother of Ruknu-d-Din ; under
'Izzu-d-Din Salari, feudatory of Budaun, and under 'Izzu-d-Din
Kabir Khan-i-Ayaz, feudatory of Multan, Malik Saifu-d-Din Kuji
of Hansi, and Malik 'Alau-d-Dm Jam of Lahor.
H. 634. Ruknu-d-DIn deposed in Rabi' I (November) and
succeeded by his sister Raziyyat. 'Alau-d-Din Jam, Saifu-d-DIn
Kuji, 'Izzu-d-Din Kabir Khan-i-Ayaz, 'Izzu-d-Din Muhammad
Salari, and the Mzamu-1-Mulk, Muhammad Junaidi, assemble
before Delhi and oppose Raziyyat. Nusratu-d-Dm, Ta-yasa'i, who
had been appointed to Oudh on the rebellion of Muhammad Shah,
advances to her aid, but being surprised by the enemy before
Delhi, is taken captive and dies, Kamaru-d-Din Khan-i-Qiran
being appointed governor of Oudh in his place. — RT. 623 ; 632-6 ;
639; 742; 1126, n. 6.
H. 633. Malik Saifu-d-Din Hasan, the Qarlugh, now master of
Ghaznl, Kirman, and Banian, attacks Multan, but is defeated by
Saifu-d-DIn I-bak, then feudatory of Uchh.— RT. 633, n. 6 ; 730.
186 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
H. 634. 'Alau-d-Dm Jam killed at Nakawan in the district of
Payal.— RT. 640.
H. 634, Safar (October). Birth of Mzamu-d-Dm Aulia, the
saint, at Budaun. He died at Delhi, 18th Rabl' I, H. 725. Ainir
Ehusru, the poet, was one of his disciples. — BOD. 302.
H. 634, 6th Rajab (5th March). The Qiramitah and Mula-
hidah heretics, incited by the Turk Nuru-d-Dm, rise against the
Musalmans of Delhi, but are successfully crushed. — RT. 646.
V. Sam. 1294, Mahendrasuri, a follower of the Anchalika sect
of the Jains, writes the Satapadi, according to Dharmasagara's
Pravachanapariksha. — BR. 1883-4, 148.
H. 636. Eabir Khan-i-Ayaz of Lahor rebels, and Raziyyat
advances into the Panjab against him. He retires towards the
Indus, and on Raziyyat crossing the Ravi submits, and is made
to exchange fiefs with Qara-Qash Khan of Multan. — RT. 644.
&. 1 160. Yichana, son of Chikka, governs the southern dominions
of Sihghana, Yadava of Devagiri. Said to have humbled the
Rattas, the Kadambas (of Goa), the Guttas, Pandyas, and Hoysalas.
— JBRAS. xv, 383 ff.
&. 1160, Haralahalli copper-plate. Joyideva II, Gutta, son of
Yira-Yikramaditya II, and feudatory of the Yadava Sihghana. —
JBRAS. xv, 383. FED., Bom. Gaz., 583.
H. 636. Malik Saifu-d-Din Hasan, the Qarlugh, pressed by the
Mughals, abandons his territories and retires into Hindustan. His
son Nasiru-d-Dm Muhammad presents himself before Raziyyat in
the Panjab and is appointed by her to the fief of Baran. — RT. 644,
n. 7. See also PE. 92 ff.« BMC, MS., Int. xlvi.
Y. Sam. 1297, Rewa copper-plate of the Maharanaka Kumara-
pala, of Kakaredi, son of Hariraja, and feudatory of the Chandella
Trailokyavarman. — IA. xvii, 230.
Y. Sam. 1295. Kulachandra, pandita, flourished at Yijapura-
pattana in Gujarat. — PR. iv, Ind. xxi.
Y. Sam. 1296. Gunakara writes a commentary on Nagarjuna's
Togaratnamala. — PR. iv, Ind. xxvi. "Weber, Catal. ii, 317.
H. 637, Ramazan (March-April). Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Altuniah,
governor of Tabarhindah, having rebelled, Raziyyat proceeds
in person against him. On her reaching Tabarhindah the
a.d. 1240—1241. 187
A.D.
1240 Amirs of the Court, themselves in league with Altunlah, seize
and imprison her, and returning to Delhi, set up her brother
Mu'izzu-d-Dm Bahrain Shah as king on the 28th of the same
month. On account of Bahrain Shah's youth Ikhtiyaru-d-Dm
Aet-kin is appointed vicegerent for a year, on the 11th Shauwftl
(5th May).— RT. 645, 649.
H. 638. Ikhtiyaru-d-Dm Aet-kin murdered 8th Muharram
(30th July), at the instigation of Bahrain Shah. Badru-d-Din
Sunqar, the Rumi, assumes the direction of the government. —
RT. 651.
H. 638. Altuniah, having married Raziyyat, the two march
on Delhi to regain the kingdom. They are routed by Bahram
Shah on the 24th Rabi' I (13th October), and being captured near
Kaithal, are put to death.— RT. 647, 649, 749, 751.
Ramadeva or Ramaraja ruling as feudatory of the Yadava
Singhana, probably in the neighbourhood of Amba near Auran-
gabad.
Parisasetti governing the Hagarattage district in the same year
under the same king. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 524.
Y. Sam. 1296. Tilakacharya completes Bhadrabahu's com-
mentary on the Avasyakasutra. — PR. i, 60.
Devendrasuri, the Jaina writer, and author of the Laghunyasavritti
on Hemachandra's tfabdanusasana, nourished. — AC. 262.
1240 Arisimha and Amarachandra, joint authors of the Kdvyakalpala-
tika, nourished under Yisaladeva, Yaghela, before his accession
to the throne of Anhilvad. Arisimha wrote also the Sukritasan-
kirtana and Amarachandra the Chhandoratnavali, the Kalakalupa,
the Bulabhdrata, and the Jinendracharitram or Padmanabhakavyam.
—BR. 1883-4, 6. PR. i, 58, and App., p. 2. See a.d. 1229.
1241 H. 639. A plot formed against Bahram Shah by Badru-d-Din
Sunqar and a party of the Sadrs and chief men of the capital, is
discovered in Safar (August), and Badru-d-Din is sent to govern
Budaun. Returning four months later he is imprisoned by order
of Bahram Shah, and put to death along with Taju-d-Din 'All
Musawi.— RT. 652 ff.
H. 639 (638, Alfl). An army of Mughals from Khurasan and
Ghazni attack Lahor. The governor, Ikhtiyaru-d-Dm Qara-Qash,
evacuates the city and escapes to Delhi, and Lahor is taken by the
Mughals on the 16th Jumada' II (22nd December).— RT. 655.
188 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1241
1242
Kabir KMn-i-Ayaz, on hearing of the Mughal invasion, assumes
sovereignty in Sindh and takes possession of Uchh, but dies later
in the same year, being succeeded by his son Taju-d-Din Abu-
Bikr-i-Ayaz.— RT. 727.
V. Sam. 1298, Rewa copper-plate of the Maharanaka Hariraja
of Kakaredi, son of Salakhanavarman and father of Kumarapala,
whose copper-plate was however issued in Y. Sam. 1297. Was
feudatory of the Chandella Trailokyavarman (see a.d. 1213). —
IA. xvii, 234.
Y. Sam. 1298. Death of Yastupala, minister of Lavanaprasada
of Dholka.— BR. 1883-4, 14.
Lahshmipaladevarasa governing the Nagarakhanda district under
Singhana of Devagiri. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 524.
H. 639. Qntbu-d-Dm Husain, son of 'All, the Ghuri, accom-
panied by the wazir Muhazzabu-d-Dm and other amirs, is sent by
Bahram Shah with an army against the Mughals. On reaching the
Biyas the wazir incites the amirs to rebellion and they return with
the army in Sha'ban (February) and besiege Delhi.
Qara-Qash of Biyana and Ikhtiyaru-d-Dm Yiiz-Bak-i-Tu ghril
Khan support Bahram Shah, but are imprisoned on the 9th Ram.
(13th March) at the instigation of the Farrash, Fakhru-d-DIn
Mubarak Shah.
The confederate maliks take Delhi in Zi'1-qa'dah, Bahram Shah
being captured and slain and Q,ara-Q,ash and Yuz-Bak liberated.
On the capture of Bahram Shah 'Izzu-d-Dln Balban-i-Kashlu
Khan proclaims himself sovereign ; but the amirs repudiating him,
release the imprisoned sons and grandsons of Altamsh, and set up
'Alau-d-Din Mas'ud (son of Ruknu-d-Din Flruz Shah) as king.
Qutbu-d-Din Husain, son of 'All, becomes Deputy of the kingdom,
Qara-Qash Amlr-i-Hajib (Lord Chamberlain), Muhazzabu-d-Din
retains the wazirship, 'Izzu-d-Din Balban-i-Kashlu Khan is ap-
pointed to the provinces of Mandawar, Nagaur, and Ajmir, and
Taju-d-Dln Sanjar-i-Qiq-luq to Budaun.— RT. 657 ff., 762.
H. 640, 2nd Jumada' I (28th October). A body of Turk Amirs,
headed by Taju-d-Dln Sanjar-i-Kuret Khan, jealous of the
increasing power of the wazir Muhazzabu-d-DIn, assassinate him.
Najmu-d-Dm, Abu Bikr, succeeds to the wazirship. — RT. 662,
757.
H. 640. Taju-d-Dln Sanjar-i-Qiq-luq, feudatory of Budaun,
overthrows the Hindu tribes of Kathehr.
a.d. 1242—1244. 189
A.D.
1242
1243
1244
Sanjar-i-Gurait Khan gains some successes over the Hindus in
Oudh.
Malik Taju-d-Dm, Abu-Bikr, who had succeeded his father
Kabir Khan-i-Ayaz as feudatory of Multan, several times attacks
and defeats the Qarlughs who had now advanced to the gates
of Multan.
Saifu-d-DIn I-bak. the Sharusi, 'Ajami, made Amir-i-Dad of Delhi.
Ikhtiyaru-d-Dm Qara-Qash Khan-i-Aet-kin reappointed to Biyana.
— ET.663, n. 9; 747; 790.
V.Sam. 1299. Copper-plate issued at Anhilvad. Tribhuvanapala,
Chaulukya, who claims to be the lawful successor of Bhimadeva II.
A historical work calls him Tihunapala and says he succeeded
Bhimadeva II in V. Sam. 1298 and reigned four years, but
according to Merutuhga, Visaladeva, Vaghela, ascended the throne
in a.d. 1243.— IA. vi, 190, 210. BR. 1883-4, 11, 12; also
IA. xviii, 185 and xxi, 276.
Y. Sam. 1298. Birth of Narahari, son of Mallinatha and
commentator, under the name of Sarasvatitirtha, of the Kavya-
prakasa. — PE. i, 25.
H. 640. Malik Tughril-i-Tughan Khan attempts, at the insti-
gation of Bahau-d-Dm Hilal, to take possession of Oudh, Karra,
Manikpur, and Upper An-des.— ET. 663, n. 8 ; 737.
H. 641. Mas'ud Shah releases his uncles Jalalu-d-Dm and
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud, appointing the one to Kanauj and the
other to Bharaich and its dependencies. — BT. 665.
H. 641, 11th Rabi' II (28th September). Tughril-i-Tughan
Khan, governor of Lakhnauti, invested with the red umbrella
by Sultan Mas'ud Shah of Delhi.— ET. 664.
Y. Sam. 1300. Yisaladeva or Yisvamalla, Yaghela of Dholka,
usurps the throne of Anhilvad after deposing Tribhuvanapala:
reigns till a.d. 1263. Said to have defeated Singhana II of
Devagiri, the lord of Malava (Purnamalla), the king of Mevad,
possibly Tejahsimha the Guhila (a.d. 1267, q.v.), and to have
married a daughter of the King of Karnata. — Inscriptions : One
from Dabhoi of Y. Sam. 1311, EI. i, 20. Copper-plate of Y. Sam.
1317, IA. vi, 212 ff. BD. 111. BE. 1883-4, p. 12. IA. vi,
191 ; xxi, 276.
H. 641. The Eaja of Jajnagar having attacked Bengal, Tughril-
i-Tughan Khan marches against him in Shauwal (March), but in
190 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1244
1245
ms
1246
the following month, after a temporary victory, he is defeated
on the Jajnagar frontier at Katasan, and sends to Delhi for aid. —
RT. 666, notes; 739. JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 237.
H. 642. Mas'M gains some successes over the independent
Hindu tribes in the Do-ab of the Jamna and Ganges. — RT. 809.
H. 642. Malik Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban made Amir-i-Hajib of
Delhi and feudatory of Hansi.— RT. 664, 809.
H. 642. The Raja of Jajnagar having taken Lakhanor and
slain the feudatory Fakhru-1-Mulk Karmiu-d-Dm Laghri, advances
13th Shauwal (14th March) to the gates of Lakhnauti. Tamur
Khan-i-Qlran proceeds from Oudh against him by command of
Mas'ud. The Raja flees, and strife arising between Tamur Khan
and Tughril, the former treacherously seizes the city 5th Zi'1-hijjuh
(4th May). Tughril agreeing to relinquish it, proceeds to Delhi,
and Tamur Khan takes possession. — RT. 666-7, 740.
H. 643, Rabi' I. Tughril-i-Tughan Khan appointed to Oudh. —
RT. 741.
H. 643, Rajab (November-December). News reaches Delhi that
an army of Mu glials under Mangutah had advanced from Tae-qan
and Qunduz into Sindh and invested TJchh. Mas'ud proceeds against
them, accompanied by Ulugh. Khan. — RT. 809.
Ratnasimhasuri, author of the Pudgalashattrinsika, must have
flourished about this date if, as Klatt conjectures, he was the guru
of Yinayachandra whose commentary on the Kalpasutra is dated
Y. Sam. 1325. According to Weber, however, he was a pupil of
the Munichandra who died in Y. Sam. 1178 = a.d. 1122. — PR. iv,
Ind. xcv, ciii.
H. 643. On the approach of Mas'ud's army to the Biyas the
Mu glials take fright and raise the siege of TJchh. The news
reaches the royal camp 25th Sha'ban (15th January). The army
proceeds, on the advice of Ulugri Khan, to the river Sudhara, and
from thence on the 27th Shauwal (17th March) sets out for Delhi.
— RT. 811-14.
H. 644. Mas'ud Shah, having fallen under evil influences, the
nobles of Delhi invite his uncle, Nasiru-d-Dln Mahmud Shah, to
occupy the throne and imprison Mas'ud on the 23rd Muharram
(10th June).— RT. 669.
a.d. 1246—1247. 191
A.D.
1246
1247
H. 644. The Mughals, after extorting 100,000 dirams from
Multan, move on to Lahor where they extort 30,000 dirams,
30 kharwars of soft goods, and 100 head of captives. Mahmud
Shah marches 1st Rajab (12th November) to the Indus against
them.— RT. 677, 814.
H. 644. Ikhtiyaru-d-Dm Yuz-Bak-i-Tu ghril Khan succeeds
Tamur Khan-i-Q,Tran at Lakhnauti. — RT. 778, notes.
H. 644. Death of Ikhtiyaru-d-DIn Qara-Q,ash Khan-i-Aet-kin,
feudatory of Karra.— RT. 679, n. 5.
H. 644. Tughril-i-Tughan Khan proceeds to Oudh, to which
he had been nominated the previous year. — RT. 741.
&. 1168. Shashthadeva II, Kadamba of Goa, succeeds his father
Tribhuvanamalla. Shashthadeva was apparently the last of his
dynasty, enjoying very limited power under the encroachments of
the Rattas and &laharas. He reigned as late as a.d. 1257. — Goa
copper-plate, Kali. 4348 for 4351 (S. 1172) of his 5th year. IA.
xiv, 288. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 571-2.
Y. Sam. 1302. Devendrasuri, pupil of Jagachchandra, said to
have converted in this year Yirahavala and Bhimasimha, sons of
the Mahebhya Jinachandra at Ujjayim. Author of the Srdddha-
dinakrityasutravritti, etc. Died in Malava, Y. Sam. 1327 = ad. 1271.
—PR. iv, Ind. lvii.
H. 644. 1st ZI'1-qa'dah (10th March). Mahmud Shah crosses
the Ravi, and Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban, separating from the royal
army, leads an expedition into the Jud Hills against the Rana who
had guided the Mughal army in the previous year. After ravaging
this district and that round Nandana he rejoins Mahmud on the
Siidharah or Chenab and the army returns 25th Zi'1-qa'dah (3rd
April) to Delhi.— RT. 677-8, 81.4-16.
H. 644, Shauwal (February). Tughril-i-Tughan Khan dies at
Oudh, and Tamur Khan-i-Q,iran at Lakhnauti on the same day. —
RT. 741.
H. 645. Mahmud Shah I arrives at Delhi 2nd Muharram
(9th May), and in Jumada' II (October) marches to Panipat. He
returns to Delhi in Sha'ban (December) and proceeds with his
army to the Do-ab. — RT. 679.
Y. Sam. 1303-11 on coins. Chahadadeva of Narwar, successor
of Malayavarmadeva. — PK. 75. JBA. xxxiv, 127.
&. 1169. Krishna, Kanhara, or Kandhara, Yadava of Devagiri,
succeeds his grandfather Singhana, his father Jaitugi II having
192 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1247
1248
1249
died without reigning. Said to have been the terror of the kings
of Malava, Gujarat, and the Kohkan, to have established the king
of Telahga, to have been sovereign of the country of the Chola king.
According to the Vratahhanda, Krishna destroyed the army of
Yisaladeva of Gujarat. Lakshmideva, son of Janardana, one
of Krishna's ministers, was in turn succeeded by his son Jahlana,
author of a Sanskrit anthology called the SuMimuktavali. — JBEAS.
xii, 3, 25, or IA. vii, 303 (inscription from Chikka-Bagivadi of
5. 1171). JBRAS. xii, 4, 34 (from Manoli, g. 1174) ; ib. 4, 42
(from Behatti, Dharvad, &. 1175). IA. xiv, 68 (from Bendigere,
6. 1171). FKD., Bom. Gaz., 526. BD. 112.
Bachiraja governing the Karnataka provinces under Sihghana of
Devagiri.— FKD., Bom. Gaz., 524.
H. 645, 24th Shauwal (21st February). Mahmud Shah I takes
the fort of Talsandah in the Kanauj territory. Ghiyasu-d-D n
Balban having in the meantime completely routed Dalaki of
Malaki, a Kana in the neighbourhood of the river Jamna, rejoins
the Sultan on the 29th Shauwal, and on the 12th Zi'1-qa'dah they
reach Karra. Here Jalalu-d-Dm Mas'iid Shah, the Sultan's
brother, presents himself, and receives the fiefs of Sanbhal and
Budaun. On the 12th Zi'1-hijjah the royal forces set out for
the capital, where they arrive 24th Muharram, 646 (19th May).
In Sha'ban (November-December) Mahmud Shah leads an army
to the Biyas, possibly in connection with the flight of his brother,
Jalalu-d-DIn Mas'iid, who had in the meantime fled to Lahor,
probably to join the Mughals.
H. 646. Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban proceeds to Eantambhor and
ravages the Koh-payah of Mewat and the territory of Nahar Deva.
— RT. 681-4, 816 fi\, 1224.
Death of Akshobhyatirtha, successor of Madhavatirtha. — AC. i.
H. 646, 9th Zi'1-hijjah (25th March). Return of Mahmud Shah
to Delhi after ordering expeditions to be undertaken against the
Hindus in various quarters.
H. 646, Zi'1-hijjah. The Khwajah, Malik Bahau-d-Din I-bak,
slain by the Hindus near Rantambhor.
H. 646, Zi'1-hijjah (March). Jamalu-d-Dm, the Shaburgham,
deprived of the Qaziship and put to death at the instigation of
'Imadu-d-Dm-i-Rayhan.
H. 647. Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban returns with the royal forces
a.d. 1249—1250. 193
A.D.
1249
to Delhi, 3rd Safar (18th May). On the 20th Rab? II his
daughter is married to Mahmud Shah, and on the 3rd Rajab
(12th Oct.) he is made Deputy of the Kingdom and leader of the
forces with the title of Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam. His brother Saifu-
d-Din I-bak-i-Kashli Khan becomes Amir-i-Hajib, Taju-d-Din
Sanjar-i-Tez Khan, Deputy Amir-i-Hajib and governor of Jhanj-
hanah, 'Alau-d-Din Ayaz, the Zinjani, Deputy Wakil-i-Dar and
Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Aet-kin, Amir-i-Akhur. — RT. 684-6, 759, 820-21.
H. 647. Malik Saifu-d-Dln Hasan, the Qarlugh, attacks Multan,
but is slain in an engagement with the governor Izzu-d-D"in
Balban-i-Kashlu Khan, who advances against him from Uchh.
Balban enters Multan but is forced to surrender it, probably to
Nasiru-d-Din Muhammad, eldest son of Saifu-d-Din Hasan.
H. 647. Somewhat later Sher Khan-i-Sunqar wrested Multan
from the Qarlughs and appointed Malik Ikhtiyaru-d-Din-i-Kurez
to the charge of it.— RT. 689, note ; 783 ; 792.
H. 647. Ulugh Khan leaves Delhi in Sha'ban (November) on
an expedition against the Hindus. — RT. 821.
Qazi Jalalu-d-Dm Kasani arrives from Oudh 10th Jumada' II
(20th September) and is made Qaz! of the realm. — RT. 686.
5. 1 171, Chikka-Bagivadi and Bendigere copper-plates. Mallisetti
or Malla, elder brother of Vichana or Bichana and governor of the
Kuhundi province under the Yadava Krishna. The same inscrip-
tions mention his son Chaundisetti. — JBRAS. xii, 3, 25.
6. 1171, 1182, inscriptions near Urana. Somesvara, Silahara
of the Northern Kohkan, perhaps the successor of Kesideva. — Bom.
Gaz., xiii, pt. 2, 427.
H. 647, 4th Shauwal (10th January). Ulugh Khan having
encamped on the left bank of the Jim, begins hostilities against
the Hindus. He returns to Delhi in Zi'1-hijjah — RT. 686-7, 821.
H. 648, 6th Rabr I (8th June). 'Izzu-d-Dln Balban-i-Kashlu
Khan invests Multan, then held by Malik Kurez for Sher Khan-i-
Sunqar, but retires to Uchh after two months' unsuccessful siege. —
RT. 688, 783. JBA. 1892, 172.
Kanda-Gopala, Madhurantaka-Pottappi-Chola begins to reign. —
IA. xxi, 122 (Kafichi inscription of £. 1187). MGO., 6th August,
1892, No. 544, p. 12.
S. 1172. Yenamadala inscription of the princess Ganapamba,
daughter of Ganapati, Kakatiya of Orahgal, and widow of Beta,
a local chief ruling the district of Konnatavadi. — EI. iii, 94 fi\
13
194 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1250
1251
&. 1172. Sundara-Pandya Jatavarman, Pandya king, begins to
reign. Claims to have conquered amongst other kings Kanda-
Gopala, perhaps of the Chola dynasty, and Ganapati, Kakatiya
(d. a.d. 1258). Identical perhaps with Marco Polo's " Sender
Bandi" and with the " Sundar Bandi " represented by Mu-
hammadan historians as dying a.d. 1293. He seems, from the
Ranganatha temple inscriptions, to have defeated and slain Yira-
Somesvara, Hoysala, between a.d. 1253 and 1254, and another
inscription represents him as defeating Simhana and Rama, the
latter probably Ramanatha the Hoysala. — I A. xxi, 121 (Jambu-
kesvara temple inscription, &rirangam, 10th year); ib. 343
(Tirukkalukkunram temple inscription, Chingleput, 9th year) ;
ib. xxii, 219 ff. B.ASSI. iv, 18, No. 22 (Yikiramangalam
inscription). MGO., 6th August, 1892, No. 544, p. 12, and 14th
August, 1893, No. 642 (Chidambaram temple inscription). EI. iii,
7 ff. (Ranganatha temple inscription). EHI. i, 69, 70.
Yidyapati, author of the Danavaky avail, nourishes under Nara-
simhadeva of Mithila, at the request of whose queen, Dhiramati,
he wrote the above work. — BR. 1883-4, 52.
Amalananda nourished under the Yadava Krishna : author of
the Vedantakalpataru, a commentary on Yachaspatimisra's Bhamatl.
— Trans. Ninth Cong. Orientalists, i, 423. JBRAS. xviii, 89.
The Sara Sangaha composed in the Dakkhina Arama in the
Chola country by Siddhattha, a pupil of Buddhapiya, author of
the Hupasiddhi.— JRAS. 1891, 350.
H. 649. 'Izzu-d-Din Balban revolts at Nagaur, but, on Mahmud
Shah I advancing against him, he submits.
H. 649. Sher Khan-i-Sunqar advancing from Lahor and Tabar-
hindah invests Uchh, and on Balban appearing in his camp, detains
him until the surrender of the fortress. On being liberated Balban
returns to Delhi 17th Rabi' II (9th July) and is made governor
of Budaun.— RT. 689-90, 783.
H. 649, 25th Sha'ban (12th November). Ulugh Khan proceeds
with the royal troops against Gwaliar, Chandiri, Narwar, and
Malava. Defeats Chahardeva and captures Narwar. — RT. 690,
824. PK. 67, 125.
H. 648, 1 7th Zi'1-qa'dah ( 1 0th February ) . Death of Qazi Jalalu-
d-Din Kasani.— RT. 689.
Y. Sam. 1308. Death of Tejahpala, brother of Yastupala, the
a.d. 1251—1253. 195
Jaina minister of Yiradhavala and of his son Yisaladeva of Gujarat.
—BR. 1883-4, 14.
Somesvaradeva, royal preceptor to Krishna of Devagiri. — FKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 527.
H. 650. TJlugh Khan returns to Delhi after his Malava
campaign, 23rd Rab? I (3rd June). Mahmiid Shah proceeds 22nd
Shauwal (26th December) towards Uchh and Multan to oust Sher
Khan and restore these dependencies to Balban-i-Kashlu Khan. —
RT. 692. PK. 125. EHI. ii, 352. JBA. 1892, 173.
H. 650. 'Imadu-d-Dm-i-Rayhan intrigues against Ulugh Khan.
— RT. 693.
Kollam era 427, 21st Idavam. Yira Padmanabha Martanda
Varma Tiruvadi ruling in Yenad. — Early Sovereigns of Travan-
core, 56.
&. 1174. The Ny ay asaravichdra, a commentary on Bhasarvajna's
JYydyasdra, written by Bhatta Raghava, son of Sarahga and pupil
of Mahadeva Sarvajiia Vadindra. Mention is made in it of Udayana,
Prasastapada, Yachaspatimisra, Ramabhatta, and of Bhasarvajna's
Bhushana. — Hall, Phil. Ind., p. 26. Raj. Mitra, Yoga Aphorisms,
pref., lxxvii.
H. 651, Muharram (March). TJlugh Khan ordered to his fiefs
Siwalikh and HansT. Mahmiid Shah I returns to Delhi in Rabi' I
(May). Appoints Muhammad Junaidi wazlr. Deprives Saifu-d-
Din I-bak-i-Kashli Khan, brother of TJlugh Khan, of the offices
of Amir-i-Hajib and TJlugh. Bar-bak and appoints him to Karra.
Makes 'Imadu-d-Dm-i-Rayhan "Wakil-i-Dar, and in Jumada* I
proceeds to Hansi against TJlugh Khan, who retires to Nagaur.
The fief of Hansi and the office of Amir-i-Hajib are conferred on
Prince Ruknu-d-Din Piruz Shah. The Sultan returns to Delhi
17th Sha'ban (12th October). In Shauwal (November) he marches
to TJchh and Multan, and on reaching the Biyas sends a force
towards Tabarhindah.— RT. 693-5.
H. 651. TJlugh Khan invades the territory of Rantambhor,
Bhundi, and Chitrur, and defeats Nahar Deva of Rantambhor. —
RT. 828.
$. 1175. Chavunda or Chaundaraja, son of Yichana, governing
the southern dominions of the Yadava Krishna. — JBRAS. xii, 4, 42.
H. 651. Yamlnu-d-Din Muhammad Hasan Amir Khusru, the
poet, born. Amongst his most admired works are the Tuhfatu-s-
196 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1253
1254
Saghir, the Shattu-l-Haydt, the Ghurratu-l-Kamdl, the Baqia
Naqia, etc., the Nuh Sipehr, completed 30th Jumada' II, H. 718,
Qirdnu-s-Sd'dain, written Ram. H. 688, in praise of Sultan
Mu'izzu-d-Din Kai-Qubad, king of Delhi, and his father Nasiru-d-
Din Bughra Khan of Bengal; the Ifaqdla, written a.d. 1324,
the Ishqia, the Ifatla'u-l- Anwar, etc. Amir Khusru died in Ram.,
H. 725 = September, 1325.— BD. 219. EHI. iii, 523-36, 566.
PK. 140, 177.
Newar (?) era 373. The Kriydsangrahapdnjikd composed by
Kuladatta.— JRAS. 1891, 688.
H. 651, 26th ZI'1-hijjah (16th February). Mahmiid Shah I
obtains possession of Uchh and Multan and confers them on
Arsalan Khan Sanjar-i-Chast, after which he returns to Delhi. —
RT. 695, 767.
H. 652, Muharram (February). Mahmiid gains many successes
and much booty in the neighbourhood of Bardar and Bijnor, and
crossing the Ganges at Miapur, he advances as far as the river
Rahab. On the 15th Safar (6th April) Malik Raziu-1-Mulk
'Izzu-d-Dm Durmashl is slain and Mahmiid avenges his death
on the people of Kathehr, after which he proceeds to Budaun,
whence, after a nine days' halt, he returns to Delhi, arriving there
26th Rabl< I (16th May).— RT. 697-9. PK. 126.
H. 652. A confederacy of nobles, disgusted at the supremacy
of 'Imadu-d-Dm-i-Rayhan, negotiate for the return of TJlugh.
Khan, and joining their forces, march on the capital. Mahmud
Shah marches towards Sunam against them. A skirmish takes
place in Ramazan between the two armies, great confusion arising
among the Sultan's forces, which retreat 8th Shauwal (21st
November) towards Hansi, Ulugh Khan and the allied Maliks
marching towards Kaithal. A peace is arranged, the condition
being the banishment of 'Imadu-d-Dm-i-Rayhan, who is forthwith
deprived of the office of Wakil-i-Dar and sent to Budaun, 22nd
Shauwal (5th December).— RT. 699, 700, 829 ff. EHI. ii, 354.
PK. 126.
H. 652. Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Yuz-bak, governor of Bengal, assumes
independence probably about this date, with the title of Mughisu-d-
DIn.__JBA. l, 65, 69.
&. 1177-1212. Narasimha III, Hoysala, succeeds his father
Yira-Somesvara at Dvarasamudra. Narasimha's inscriptional dates
range from &. 1177-1213, and an inscription at the Ranganatha
a.d. 1254—1256. 197
temple, of the cyclic year Vijaya, perhaps corresponds to a.d. 1293.
During his reign Perumaledeva Raiittaraya or Javanike-Narayana,
his mahdpradhdna, defeated and slew a king Ratnapala. — PSOCI.,
Nos. 18, 19, 20, 124, 148, and 200. RMI. 323. FED., Bom. Gaz.,
509. MGO., 6th Aug. 1892, No. 544, p. 12. EI. iii, 11. For
list of inscriptions see EEC. p. iv ( Classified List of Inscriptions).
20th January, H. 652, 9th Zi'1-hijjah. Mahmud Shah returns to
Delhi accompanied by Ulugh Khan. On the 6th Muharram (15th
February), 653, he banishes his mother, the Malikah-i-Jahan, with
her husband Qutlugh Khan to the fief of Oudh.— RT. 701, 834.
1st June, 23rd RabP II, H. 653. The Nayab of Delhi, Malik
Qutbu-d-Dm Husain, son of 'All, the Ghuri, arrested, imprisoned,
and subsequently put to death. His fief of Mirath conferred 7th
Juniada' I (14th June) on Malik Kashli Khan Saifu-d-dm I-bak,
on his return from Karra. — RT. 702.
H. 653, Rajab (August). Taju-d-Din-i-Sanjar-i-Mah-Peshani,
the Sihwastani, ousts 'Imadu-d-Din-i-Rayhan from Bharaich and
puts him to death.— RT. 703, 836.
Qutlugh. Khan being ordered to proceed to Bharaich, refuses, and
Malik Bak-Tamur, the Rukni, is sent from Dehli to expel him from
Oudh. An engagement takes place at Samra-mu, and Bak-Tamur
is slain.
18th August (13th Rajab). Jamalu-d-Din, the BustamI, made
Shaikhu-1-Islam (patriarch) of Delhi.— RT. 702.
November (Shauwal). Mahmud Shah leaves Delhi with his
forces, and Ulugh. Khan starts in Zi'1-qa'dah for HansI to organize
his Siwalikh troops. — RT. 703.
Uchh and Multan restored some time during the present year to
'Izzu-d-Dm Balban-i-Kashlu Khan— RT. 784, n. 3.
6. 1179-1194 on inscriptions. Ramanatha, son of Yira-Somesvara,
Hoysala, by the Chalukya princess Devalamahadevi, succeeds to the
southern dominions of his father between 16th June and 20th
July.— EI. iii, 9, 10.
Y. Sam. 1311-1330 odd (coins and inscriptions). Asaladeva
of Karwar, son of Nrivarman, according to Gopala's Narwar
inscription, successor apparently of Chahadadeva. — JBA. xxxiv, 127.
H. 653, 3rd Zl'1-hijjah. Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam returns to Delhi
with his Siwalikh forces, and on the 19th joins Mahmud Shah. —
RT. 703.
198 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1256
1257
H. 654, Muharram (February). Mahmud Shah I proceeds to
Oudh against Qutlugh Khan, but on the latter retiring, he moves
to Kalair. Ulugh Khan, after unsuccessfully pursuing Qutlugh
Khan, returns with great booty to the royal camp. Mahmud
returns with the army to Delhi 4th Rabi' II (1st May).— RT.
703-4; 836 ff.
H. 654. Qutlugh Khan attacks Karra and Manikpiir but is
defeated by Arsalan Khan, Sanjar-i-Chast. He moves towards the
Biyas and Lahor, and proceeding in the direction of Santiir, seeks
shelter among the independent Hindu tribes. — RT. 704-5, 839.
H. 654. Taju-d-Din Sanjar-i-Tez Khan made Wakil-i-Dar
and governor of Budaun. — RT. 759.
H. 654. 'Izzu-d-DIn Balban tenders allegiance to Hulaku Khan
who, at his request, sends Nu-yln Salln with a body of Mughal
troops to Uchh.— JBA. lxi, 174. RT. 711.
Monday, 28th August, Y. Sam. 1312. Jayasimhadeva ruling at
Dhara. An Udepur inscription of Y. Sam. 1311 (Friday, 8th.
January, 1255) is possibly to be referred also to this king. — IA.
xx, 84.
H. 655, Rabi' I (March- April). Mahmud Shah I proceeds to
Santiir against the Hindu tribes of the Sub-Himalaya, among whom
Qutlugh Khan had taken refuge. Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam devastates
the hill district of Sirmur, returning to Delhi 25th Rabi' II. —
RT. 705-6, 839.
H. 655. 'Izzu-d-Din Balban-i-Kashlii Khan advances with
the troops of Uchh and Multan along the Biyas, and, joining
Qutlugh Khan, proceeds to Mansur-pur and Samanah, whence
they march on Delhi. Ulugh Khan marches against them 15th
Jumada' I (31st May) with the royal troops, but the rebels elude
him, and following secret instructions from the Shaikhu-1-Islam,
JamaLu-d-Dm, the Sayyid Qutbu-d-Dm, and the Qazi Shamsu-d-
Dln, the Bharaichi, they reach Delhi by forced marches, only to
find it well defended, and the traitors already discovered. Ulugh
Khan arriving the following day the rebels retreat, and 'Izzu-d-DIn,
deserted by his troops, escapes and returns to Uchh. According
to some writers this took place in the previous year. — RT. 707 ff.
JBA. lxi, 174.
H. 655, 8th Ram. (19th September). Taju-d-Din made wazlr
with the title of Mzamu-1-Mulk. The Sadru-1-Mulk appointed
to the office of Ashraf-i-Mamalik.— RT. 710, 711.
a.d. 1257—1259. 199
A.D.
1257
1257
1258
1259
Death of Malik Saifu-d-Din Ban Khan I-bak, the Khita-i, 6th
Rabl< I (24th March) of this year.— RT. 706.
H. 655, ZH-hijjah (December). An army of Mughals from
Khurasan descend on Uchh and Multan under Nu-yin Salin and
are joined by 'Izzu-d-Dln Balban-i-Kashlu Khan who had previously
visited Hulaku at 'Iraq, and brought back a Mughal Shahnah or
Intendant to Multan.— RT. 711, 786, 844.
24th January, S. 1179, 2nd year, Ranganatha temple inscription
at Srirangam of Yira-Ramanatha, the Hoysala. — EI. iii, 9, 10.
RudramadevI, wife (or daughter) of Ganapati, Kakatiya of
Orahgal, succeeds to the throne on his death. Tradition says she
reigned thirty-eight years. Marco Polo mentions her as ruling at
the time of his visit to that part of the country. — For inscriptions
see ASSI. i and ii.
H. 656, 2nd or 6th Muharram (January). Mahmud Shah, with
the intention of advancing against the Mughals, concentrates his
forces outside Delhi, where they remain until Ramazan ; the un-
settled state of Mewat and the independent Hindu tribes apparently
hindering further operations against the Mughals, who ravage the
frontiers without advancing farther.
TJlugh Khan leads the main army towards the boundaries of
Karra and Manikpur with the intention of coercing Arsalan Khan-i-
Sanjar and Qutlugh (Qulich?) Khan Mas'ud-i-JanI, son of 'Alau-d-
Din, Jam, Shah-zadah of Turkistan. Having made peace with
them he returns 2nd Ram. (2nd September) to Delhi, and on the
27th Shauwal (27th October) they present themselves at court
and are restored to favour.— RT. 845-8. EHI. ii, 379.
H. 656, Zi'1-qa'dah or Zi'1-hijjah (October-November). Arsalan
Khan Sanjar-i-Chast appointed governor of Karra, and Qutlugh
(Qulich) Khan (also called Jalalu-d-Dln Mas'ud Shah), son of
'Alau-d-DIn J an!, appointed to Lakhnauti in succession to Ikhtiyaru-
d-Dln Yuz-bak.— RT. 769 ; 775, notes.
H. 657, 29th May (4th Jumada' II). Two elephants and some
treasure arrive at Delhi from Lakhnauti sent by Malik 'Izzu-d-
Dm Balban-i-Yuz-bakI,1 who forthwith receives the investiture
1 From this it would seem that Qutlugh Khan, who had been appointed to
Lakhnauti the previous year, had either died or been ousted by 'Izzu-d-Dln
Balban.
200 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1259
1260
of Lakhnauti through the influence of Ulugh Khan. Arsalan
Khan Sanjar-i-Chast invades Lakhnauti during the absence of
'Izzu-d-Dm Balban in the country of Bang. The latter returns,
and an engagement takes place in which he is defeated and slain.
— RT. 769; 775, notes.
H. 657, 13th Muharram (10th January). MahniM Shah moves
with the army out of Delhi, intending to proceed against the
Hindus. Appoints Nusratu-d-Dm, Sher Khan-i-Sunqar to Biyana,
Kol, Balaram, Jalisar, Baltarah, Mihir, Mahawan, and Gwaliar,
21st Safar (17th February). Sends the Maliku-n-Nawwab I-bak to
Rantambhor against the Mughals, but proceeds no farther himself.
— RT. 712-13 ; 788, n. 9 ; 794 ; 849.
H. 657. Badru-d-Dln Sunqar, the Rumi, placed in charge of
Sunam, Tabarhindah, Jhajhar, Lakhwal, and the frontiers as far as
the ferries over the Biyas, with the title of Nusrat Khan. — RT. 788.
H. 657, Rajab (June-July). Saifu-d-Dm I-bak, Kashli Khan-i-
A'zam the Bar-bak dies, and is succeeded as Amir-i-Hajib by his
son 'Alau-d-Din Muhammad.
1st Ram. (22nd August). Death of Hamidu-d-Dm Imam of
Mar-galah in the Panjab.
A son born to Mahmud Shah by his wife, the daughter of Ulugh
Khan.
H. 657, Jmnada' II (May-June). Death of Jamalu-d-Dm, the
Bustami, Shaikhu-1-Islam of Delhi, and of Qazi Kabiru-d-Din.
Malik Saifu-d-Dln I-bak, Kashli Khan-i-A'zam, dies in Rajab
and is succeeded as Amir-i-Hajib by his son Malik 'Alau-d-Din
Muhammad.— RT. 713.
H. 658, Safar (January). Ulugh Khan ravages the Koh-payah
of Mewat, probably the district of Bharatpur, Dholpur, and parts
of Jaipur and Alwar; returning 24th Rabi' I (9th March) to
Delhi. Taju-d-Dm Sanjar-i-Tez Khan of Oudh joins in the
expedition.— RT. 715, 760, 851 ff.
Nasiru-d-Dm Muhammad, son of Hasan the Qarlugh, having
requested to marry a daughter of his to a son of Ulugh Khan,
Jamalu-d-Dm 'All is despatched from Delhi with an answer. On
his arrival, Muhammad sends him to Hulaku who treats him
with favour and appoints the son of one of his nobles to
accompany him to Delhi. On reaching the capital they are
publicly received, 8th Rabi' II (23rd March), by Mahmud Shah.
The statements made PK. 126 and EHI. ii; 381, as to the arrival
a.d. 1260—1261. 201
A.D.
1260 of ambassadors from Hulaku Khan refer to these events. — RT. 851,
n. 7; 856 ff.
H. 658, Rajab (June). TJlugh Khan ravages the Koh-payah of
Mewat a second time. — RT. 864-5.
&. 1182. Mahadeva, Ugrasarvabhauma, Yadava of Devagiri,
succeeds his brother Krishna. Conquered and annexed the Kohkana
after totally defeating its king Somesvara ; was contemporary with
the Kakatiya queen of Telingana, Rudrama. Said to have warred
against the Karnata and Gurjara kings, the latter probably being
Yisaladeva whom the Paithan grant represents as being conquered
by Mahadeva — Inscriptions from 6. 1184-1192. PSOCL, JNos.
110, 111. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 527. BD. 114.
Hemadri, ISrikaranddhipa (chief secretary) and councillor to
Mahadeva, was a Brahman of the Vatsa gotra, a son of Kamadeva,
grandson of Yasudeva, and great-grandson of Yamana. His chief
work is the Chaturvdrga Chintdmani. The Agurvedarasdgana,
a commentary on a medical work by Yagbhata ; and a commentary
on Bopadeva's Muhtdphala, a work on Yaishnava doctrines, are also
ascribed to him.
Bopadeva, a protege of Hemadri and author of the Harilild and
Satasloki, was the son of a physician named Kesava and the pupil of
Dhanesa. He was a native of Berar, and seems to be identical with
the Bopadeva, author of the grammatical treatise Mugdhabodha. —
BD. 116-7. BR. 1882-3, p. 36. "Weber, Catal. ii, p. 324.
S. 1182, copper-plate from Teravan, Ratnagiri district, of the
Chief Kamvadeva of the Chalukya race and of his minister Kesava.
—FKD., Bom. Gaz., 466.
Approximate date of the composition of the Tamil grammar, the
Nannul. Inscriptions prove that the patron of its author, Siya-
Gahga Amarabharana, lived about the same time as Ganda-Gopala
(a.d. 1250-1265).— ^MGO., 14th August, 1893, Nos. 642, 643, p. 53.
1260 Muhammad Arsalan Tatar Khan governor of Bengal after
'Izzu-d-DIn Balban. The Barahdari inscription of Bihar of
H. 663 belongs to his time.— JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 247.
1261 Thursday, 14th April, Y. Sam. 1317. Ajaygadh inscription, Yira-
varman, Chandella, son and successor of Trailokyavarman : married
Kalyanadevi, granddaughter of a prince Govindaraja. Yiravarman's
dates range to Y. Sam. 1337.— EI. i, 325 ff. CASR. xxi, 38, 51,
52, 74.
202 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1261
1262
1264
1265
1266
V. Sam. 1318. Thohar Chand of the Chand dynasty of Kumaun
said to have begun to reign. — NWP. Gazetteer, xi, 500, 503.
14th December, i§. 1184, seventh year, Jambukesvar temple
inscription at &rlrangam of the Hoysala Yira-Ramanatha. — EI.
iii, 10.
V. Sam. 1318. Arjunadeva, Yaghela Chaulukya, succeeds his
uncle Yisaladeva at Anhilvad : until a.d. 1275. Inscriptions
Y. Sam. 1320, 1328. IA. vi, 191 ; xi, 241 ff . ; xvi, 147 ; xxi,
277. BR. 1883-4, 12.
6. 1185, 1 186, Chaudadampur inscriptions. Guttarasa or Gutta III,
son of Yikramaditya III, governing as feudatory of the Yadava
Mahadeva of Devagiri.— PSOCL, JNos. 110, 111. FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 583.
H. 663, 9th Rabi' I. Death of Hulaku Khan the Mughal in
Azarbaijan, at the age of 48. — RT. 717.
"Sunday, 25th May, H. 662, Y. Sam. 1320, Yalabhl Sam. 945,
Simha Sam. 151. Yerawal inscription of the Yaghela Chaulukya,
Arjunadeva. — IA. xi, 241 ff . ; xvi, 147-8.
Devaraja, feudatory of Mahadeva of Devagiri, probably identical
with Toragaleya-Devarasa with dates in this and the year following.
— EKD.'; Bom. Gaz., 528.
Singayya Devananayaka feudatory of the same king.
Ganapatidevarasa feudatory ruler of the Hagarattage district
under Mahadeva of Devagiri. — EKD., Bom. Gaz., 528.
2nd November, Y. Sam. 1322. Balachandra finishes his com-
mentary on Asada's Vivekamanjarl, in writing which he was assisted
by Yijayasenasuri of the Nagendragachchha, Padinasuri of the
Brihadgachchha, and Pradyumnasuri, pupil of Kanakaprabhasuri,
himself the pupil of Devananda. Pradyumnasuri corrected Dharma-
kumarasadhu's &alibhadracharitra (composed Y. Sam. 1334); Deva-
suri's Santindthacharitra (a Cambay MS. of which is dated (Y.)
Sam. 1338), and Prabhachandra's PrabTwLvalcacharitra. This last
work, our earliest source of information on the Jaina monk Hema-
chandra, must therefore be referred to about the middle of the
thirteenth century. — Biihler, Vher das Leben des Jaina Moriches
Hemachandra, Anmerkungen, S. 52, 53.
18th February, H. 664, 11th Juniada' I. Death of Mahmud
a.d. 1266—1270.
203
A.D.
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
Shah I. TJlugh Khan succeeds him as Ghiyasu-d-DIn Balban. —
PK. 131. BF. i, 246. EHI. i, 341 ; iii, 97.
Muhammad Arsalan Tatar Khan, governor of Lakhnauti, sends
a tribute of elephants to Delhi. — EHI. iii, 103.
Prince Nasratu-d-Dm Muhammad, eldest son of Ghiyasu-d-Din
Balban, appointed governor of Sindh, Lahor, and Multan. — EHI. i,
341; iii, 109, 110.
5. 1188. Birth of Ravivarman, Sahgramadhira, or Kulasekhara-
deva, son of Jayasimha, a ruler of the Yadu race in the Kerala
country. He married a Pandya princess and, at the age of 33
(a.d. 1299), took possession of Kerala. He defeated a certain
Yira-Pandya, made the Pandyas and Cholas subject to the Keralas,
and, at the age of 46 (a.d. 1312), was crowned on the banks
of the Yegavati.— EI. iv, 145, 148.
Y. Sam. 1322, Dharmatilaka or Lakshmitilaka, a pupil of
Jinesvara (q.v., a.d. 1189), writes a commentary on Jinavallabha's
Ullasikkama-stotram. — Weber, Catal. ii, 931.
7th November, H. 665, 7th Safar. Death of Shaikh Bahau-d-
Din Zakarla at Multan, at the age of 100 lunar years. — BOD. 97.
RT. 717, notes.
Y. Sam. 1324, Chitor inscription, Tejahsimha (Rawal Tej Singh)
of Mevad.— JBA. Iv, pt. 1, 17.
6. 1190. Death of Jayatlrtha, sixth pontiff of the Madhava
sect in succession to Anandatirtha. He was a native of Mangala-
vedhem, near Pandharpur, his pre-pontifical name being Dhondo
Raghunatha, and wrote numerous commentaries on the works of
Anandatirtha.— BR. 1882-3, pp. 18, 103.
6. 1 191, Tipparasa, feudatory of Mahadeva of Devagiri. — EKD.,
Bom. Gaz., 528.
Y. Sam. 1326. Jinachandra, pupil of Jinaprabodha in the
Kharataragachchha, born. Died Y. Sam. 1376.— PR. iv, Index,
XXXV.
24th March and 15th June, 6. 1192, 15th year. Ranganatha
temple inscriptions at £rirangam of the Hoysala, Yira-Ramanatha.
—EI. iii, 10.
Yittarasa, feudatory of Mahadeva of Devagiri. — EKD., Bom.
Gaz., 528.
204 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1271
1272
1274
1277
1278
6. 1193. Amana, apparently a son of Mahadeva, Yadava of
Devagiri, attempts to succeed his father, bnt is shortly afterwards
deposed by his cousin Ramachandra, a son of Krishna, who reigns
until a.d. 1309 or 1310. — IA. xiv, 314 (copper-plate from Paithan,
&. 1193). PSOCL, Nos. 202-5. (Inscriptions from Balagamve of
6. 1204, 12th or 13th year; of 6. 1206, 14th year; of 6. 1208,
16th year.) Rattehalli inscription of &. 1221 cur., latest known
record of the dynasty. A MS. of Amarasimha's Ndmalingd-
nusdsana dated K.Y. 4398 = a.d. 1297 is stated to have been
written during Ramachandra' s reign. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 529.
? &. 1193. Inscription at Davahgere of Kuchiraja, leader of the
forces to Mahadeva of Devagiri.— PSOCL, No. 142.
21st July, 6. 1194, 17th year, Poysalesvara temple inscription
at Kannanur of the Hoysala, Ylra-Ramanatha. — EI. iii, 10.
The Marathi poet, Jnanesvara, flourished under Ramadeva of
Devagiri. His Marathi commentary on the Bhagavadgita, the
Jndnesvarz, was finished S. 1212 = a.d. 1290.— BD. 118. Trans.
Ninth Orient. Congress, vol. i, 284 ff. IA. iv, 355.
&. 1194. Copper-plate from Thana. Achyutanayaka governing
the Sasati district, i.e. Salsette, in the Kohkan under Ramachandi'a
of Devagiri.— JRAS., o.s., ii, 388; v, 183.
Y. Sam. 1331, Sarangadeva, Yaghela Chaulukya, succeeds his
father Arjunadeva: till a.d. 1296. — Inscriptions, Cintra prasasti,
EL i, 271. Inscription on Yastupala's temple at Abu of Y. Sam.
1351, IA. vi, 191 ; ib. xviii, 185 ; xxi, 276.
8th June, Y. Sam. 1331. Chitor inscription of the Guhila family
of Medapata or Mevad composed by the poet Yedasarman, the
author of Samarasimha's Mount Abu inscription of Y. Sam. 1342.
— IA. xxii, 80.
&. 1199 (inscription from Harihar), and &. 1202. Saluva Tikka-
madeva, commander of the household troops to Ramachandra of
Devagiri. Claims, in the Harihar inscription, to have established
the Kadamba and plundered the Hoysala king, reducing Dvara-
samudra, the capital of the latter. — JBRAS. xii, 4. PSOCL,
No. 125. RMI. 44.
H. 677. Mughisu-d-Din Tughril made governor of Bengal. —
BMC, Muhammadan States, 4.
a.d. 1278—1285. 205
A.D.
1278
1280
1281
1282
1283
1285
V. Sam. 1335. Samara or Samarasimha, Guhila of Mevad, son
and successor of Tejahsimha. Said to have " lifted the deeply-
sunk Gurjara land high out of the Turushka sea," i.e., to have
defeated the Muhammadans (Abu inscription). — JBA. lv, pi. i, 18
(Chitorgadh inscriptions of Y. Sam. 1335 and 1344). IA. xvi, 345 ff.
(inscription of Y. Sam. 1342). A stone inscription from Chitor is
dated Y. Sam. 1331 (Friday, 8th June, 1274, q.v.) ; but no mention
is made of the prince under whom it was incised. Another from
Chitor, of Samara's reign, has lost the third figure, but may be
dated Y. Sam. 13(3)2. JBA., loc. cit. See also Tod's Annals of
Rdjasthdn, i, 200, etc. PUT. 257.
Namdev (Namadeva), the Marathi poet, said to have been born.
His death is placed in the year a.d. 1338. — Trans. Ninth Oriental
Congress, i, 295.
Y. Sam. 1337. Jinakusala born. Author of the Chatty avan-
danakulavritti. — PR. iv, Ind. xxxiii.
H. 680. Sultan Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban proceeds to Lakhnauti
against Mughisu-d-Dm Tughril the governor, who, after a suc-
cessful expedition against Jajnagar, had assumed independence
and already defeated two armies sent against him. On Balban's
approach Tughril retreats towards Jajnagar, but being overtaken
is totally defeated and slain near Sunargaon. — RT. 589-90, notes.
JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 238.
H. 681 . Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban appoints his younger son, Nasiru-d-
Din Bughra Khan, governor of Lakhnauti in place of Mughisu-d-
Dm Tughril. — EHI. iii, 120. BMC, Muhammadan States, 4.
Ziyau-d Din Barani, the historian, born. Author of the TariJch
Flruz ShdM, completed in a.d. 1356 when the author was seventy-
four years of age. — BD. 428. Growse's Bulandshahr, p. 45.
Y. Sam. 1338. The Sdntindthacharitram of Devasiiri, the guru
of Hemachandra, translated from Prakrit into Sanskrit and abridged
by a later writer of the same name. — PR. i, 59.
H. 682, 14th Muharram. Arrival in Egypt of an embassy sent
by Bhuvanekabahu I of Ceylon. — MaqrizT, ed. Quatremere, ii,
pt. 1, 59, 60. IA. xiv, 61. JRAS., n.s., 1891, 479.
H. 683. An army of Mughals invade the Panjab. Prince
206 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1285
1286
1287
1289
1290
Muhaminad hastens from Delhi to oppose them. After gaining
two victories, he is slain towards the close of the year by a body
of the enemy. The poet Amir Khusru was taken prisoner
in the same action. Balban appoints Muhammad's son Kai-
Khusrii as his father's successor in the Panjab. — EIH. 382.
EHI. iii, 122.
Y. Sam. 1342, Mount Abu inscription of Samarasimha, Guhila
Rana of Mevad, son and successor of Tejahsimha. — BI. 84. See
a.d. 1278.
H. 685. Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban summons Bughra Khan from
Lakhnautl, and appoints him his heir ; but on the latter returning
thither without his leave, he revokes the appointment and nominates
Kai-Khusrii, son of the deceased Prince Muhammad, as his successor.
—EHI. iii, 123 ff.
N. Sam. 406 ; 422 on MSS. Anandamalla, or Anantamalla, of the
2nd Thakuri dynasty of Nepal. Said to have reigned twenty-five
years at Bhatgaon, which he is said to have founded along with
other towns, while his elder brother, Jayadeva, ruled over Kantipura
and Lalitapattana. Kirkpatrick mentions an immigration into Nepal
during this reign in Nep. Sam 408=a.d. 1288. — Bendall, BSM. xiii.
IA. vii, 91 ; xiii, 414.
H. 686. Death of Ghiyasu-d-Dln Balban. The party in power
at Delhi raise his grandson, Mu'izzu-d-Dln Kai-Qubad, son of
Bughra Khan, to the throne instead of Kai-Khusrii, who retains
his government of the Panjab until his murder shortly afterwards
by Kai-Qubad' s wazir Nizamu-d-Dln, in furtherance of his own
designs on the throne.— PK. 138. EHI. iii, 125.
H. 686, Bab? I (April). Kai-Qubad leaves Delhi in state for
Oudh, where he is met by his father Bughra Khan of Bengal,
who renders him homage as his suzerain, an interview celebrated
by Amir Khusru in his Qircinu-s-Sd'dam. — EHI. iii, 130, 528.
PK. 140. JBA.
Y. Sam. 1345-1372. Bhojavarman, Chandella, son and successor
of Yiravarman.— JBA. vi, 882 ff. CASE, xxi, 52-54. EI. i, 330 ff.
H. 689, 19th Muharram (1st February). Kai-Qubad murdered
at the instigation of Jalalu-d-Dm the Khalj, who had succeeded to
the chief power on the assassination of the wazir Nizamu-d-Dln.
a.d. 1290—1292. 207
A.D.
1290
1291
1292
Jalalu-d-Dm places Shamsu-d-Din Kaiomurs, infant son of Kai-
Qubad, on the throne, but shortly afterwards murders him and
succeeds him as Firuz Shah II, first of the Khalj line of Sultans.1
— PK. 141.
6. 1212, copper-plate from Thana. Krishnadeva, feudatory ruler
of the Konkan under Ramachandra of Devagiri. — JRAS., o.s., ii,
388; v, 178. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 529.
H. 690. Revolt of Malik Chhaju, nephew of Ghiyasu-d-Dln
Balban. On the accession of Firuz he had been appointed governor
of Karra. He is defeated, and Karra bestowed on the Sultan's
nephew and son-in-law, 'Alau-d-Dln. — PK. 143. EHI. iii, 137.
H. 690 (689, Ziyau-d-Dln Barani). Firiiz Shah (II) advances
in person to take Rantambhor; but despairing of reducing it,
he proceeds to Ujjain, which he sacks. After plundering several
temples in Malava he returns, and invests Rantambhor, but sub-
sequently raises the siege and returns to Dehll. — EHI. iii, 146, 540.
PK. 144. BF. i, 301. EIH. 385.
H. 691. The Mu glials under 'Abdu-llah, a grandson of Hulaku,
invade Hindustan. Firuz Shah defeats them but allows them to
retire, and permits TTlghu Khan, a grandson of Chingiz Khan,
to settle with 3,000 Mu glials in Delhi. The latter embracing the
Muhammadan faith are known henceforth as New Musulmans. —
EHI. iii, 147. EIH. 386. BF. i, 302.
H. 691. Coin and inscription dates H. 691-697. Ruknu-d-Din
Kai-kaus Balbani, governor of Lakhnauti (Bengal), succeeds his
father, Bughra Khan. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 4, Int. xi, xlii.
Thursday, 27th March, V. Sam. 1348, and Y. Sam. 1355 (26th
September, a.d. 1298). Sarwaya and Narwar inscriptions of
Ganapati of Nalapura (Narwar), son and successor of Gopala. —
I A. xxii, 81-2.
&. 1213, Hemmaragal inscription. Ballala or Vira-Ballala III,
Hoysala, succeeds his father Narasimha III. Ballala's dates range
to &. 1260, but he probably exercised little real power after the
conquest of Dvarasamudra by 'Alau-d-Dln in a.d. 1310. On the
final annexation of the Hoysala kingdom to Delhi in a.d. 1327, he
seems to have retired to Tondanur, i.e. Tonnur, near Seringapatam,
1 Wassaf in the Tazjiyatu-l-Amsdr gives the date of Kai-Qubad's death
7th Shauwal, 689 (EHI. iii, 39), and that of Flriiz's accession, 25th Zl'1-hijjah,
689. Amir Khusru dates the latter event 3rd Jumada' II, 689.
208 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1292
1293
1294
1295
where lie and a successor kept up some semblance of power
for about fifty years longer. An inscription at Erode shows
a Ballala (probably Ballala III) to have been reigning in &. 1262 ;
while one at Whitefield, S. India, of Yira Yirupaksha Ballala,
dated &. 1265, may possibly belong to a Ballala IY. — FKD., Bom.
Gaz., 509. MGO., 6th August, 1892, No. 544, p. 12, and 14th
August, 1893, No. 642, p. 52. EEC, Int. 14, and Classified
List, 4, iv.
Y. Sam. 1349-1369. Jinaprabhasuri, the commentator, flourishes:
pupil of Jinasimhasuri and author of commentaries on the Bhaya-
harastotra (Y. 1365) and on the Ajitasdntistava of Nandishena
(Y. 1365), and of a work Surimantrapradesavivarana: assisted
Mallishenasuri with his commentary on Hemachandra's Syadvdda-
manjarl (&. 1214), etc., etc. — PR. iv, Ind. xxxvii.
H. 692. Firiiz Shah devastates the country about Mandawar, and
invades and plunders Malava a second time. His nephew 'Alau-d-
Din having taken Bhilsa, and reduced Eastern Malava, is rewarded
by Firiiz with the government of Oudh.
H. 692. FirGz appoints his son Arkali Khan governor of Uchh,
and Multan and Nasrat Khan governor of Sindh. — EHI. i, 341 ;
iii, 148. EIH. 386. BF. i, 303.
Y. Sam. 1350. Jayanta writes his Jayanti or Commentary on
the KuvyapraMsa during the reign of Sarangadeva, Vaghela of
Gujarat.— BR. 1883-4, p. 17. PR. ii, 20.
H. 693. 'Alau-d-Dm invades the Dekkan. He starts from
Karra and proceeds to Elichpur, whence he marches rapidly on
Devagiri, which he takes and pillages. The Raja, Ramadeva,
retiring to a fort close to the city is besieged by 'Alau-d-Dm, and
is on the point of surrendering when his eldest son, Sankara,
advances to his relief ; but being defeated, the fortress is surrendered,
and 'Alau-d-Dm, after stipulating for the payment of a large sum
of money as well as the cession of Elichpur and its dependencies,
withdraws through Khandesh to Malava. — EIH. 386 ff.
Prataparudradeva II, Ganapati of Orangal, succeeds his grand-
mother Eudrama, who, according to tradition, abdicates in his
favour. — Eor inscriptions see ASSI. i and ii.
19th September, &. 1217, 21st year. Katak inscriptions of
Nrisimhadeva II of Utkala (Orissa).— JBA. lxv, 229 ff.
a.d. 1295—1298. 209
A.D.
1295
1296
1297
1298
&. 1217. Mallidcva, feudatory governor of the Huligere district
under Raniachandra of Devagiri. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 530.
H. 695. Firiiz Shah, growing suspicious of 'Alau-d-Dm's pro-
longed absence, proceeds to Gwaliar, where he receives news of
his victory and intended return to Karra. Firuz, against the
advice of one of his nobles who urges his intercepting 'Alau-d-Din
with the army, returns to Delhi, and being inveigled by the latter
into meeting him near Karra, is assassinated in Ramazan (July),
when 'Alau-d-Dln seizes the insignia of royalty.
Ruknu-d-Dm Ibrahim Shah succeeds his father at Delhi in the
absence at Multan of the rightful heir Arkali Khan, but is deposed
two months later by 'Alau-d-Dm who assumes sovereignty 22nd
ZI'1-hijjah (21st October) as Muhammad Shah I.— PK. 144, 154.
EHL iii, 69, 150 ff. BF. i, 311 ff.
Y. Sam. 1353. Karnadeva II, Yaghela Chaulukya, succeeds his
father Sarahgadeva: till a.d. 1304.— BR. 1883-4, p. 12. IA.
vi, 191.
13th July, 1 1th Ram., H. 695. Death of Hamidu-d-Din Nagauri,
author of the Tawulau-s-Shamus. — BOD. 153.
H. 696. Sultan 'Alau-d-Dln sends his brother Ulugh Khan to
expel Arkali Khan from the government of Multan and Uchh.
According to the Tdrlldi-i- Firuz Shuhl Arkali Khan and his brother
Ruknu-d-Dln, who had fled to Multan on 'Alau-d-Din's accession,
gave themselves up under promise of safe conduct from Ulugh
Khan, but were subsequently blinded. — EHL i, 341; iii, 161.
BF. i, 325.
H. 696. The Mughals under Dua invade the Panjab, but are
defeated near Jalandhar by Ulugh Khan and Zafar Khan. — JRAS.
xx, 98. EHL iii, 71, 162. JBA. 1892, 180."
S. 12(19). Hemalambin inscription at Narasaravupeta of Manma-
Ganda-Gopala, eldest son of Nallesidhi and vassal of Pratapa-
rudradeva II, Kakatiya. — MGO., 14th August, 1893, No. 642, p. 56.
8. 1219, 1243. Chanayagaon copper-plates of Narachandra,
a member probably of the Chand dynasty of Kumaun. — ASNI,
ii, 48.
H. 697 ; 696 according to the Mirdt-i-Ahmadi and 698 according
to the Tazjyatu-l-Am&lr, the Tdri]ih-i-Ala% and the Tdrilch-i- Firuz
8hu.hu Ulugh Khan and Nasrat Khan Jalesari invade Gujarat,
14
210 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
1298
1299
1300
1300
sack the temple of Somnath, and capture Nahrwala (Anhilvad)
and Kambayat (Cambay). The Raja flees and takes refuge with
Ramadeva of Devagiri. On the return march the army mutinies
owing to TJIugh Khan and Nasrat Khan demanding from the
soldiers a fifth of the spoil. TJIugh Khan narrowly escapes assassi-
nation. Eventually the outbreak is quelled and the army returns
to Delhi.— EHI. iii, 43, 74, 163. BE. i, 327. BO. 37.
The eunuch Malik Kafiir captured by Nasrat Khan at Kambayat.
H. 697. The Mu glials under Saldi besiege Siwistan (Sehwan),
but are repulsed by Zafar Khan, Saldi being captured. The
Tuhfatu-l-Kiram attributes their defeat to JSasrat Khan. — EHI. i,
341; iii, 165.
H. 697. Towards the end of the year the Mughals under
Qutlugh Khwajah, son of Dua, advance as far as Delhi. 'Alau-d-
Dln moves against them and with the aid of Zafar Khan, totally
defeats them. The latter, abandoned during his pursuit of them
by 'Alau-d-Din and Alp Khan, is cut to pieces by the enemy. —
EHI. iii, 165 ff. JRAS., ir.s., xx, 98.
V. Sam. 1355. Somatilakasuri born. Died V. Sam. 1424=a.d.
1368. Author of a tiilatarabgini (Y. Sam. 1394), etc. — PR. iv,
Ind. cxxxiv.
H. 699. 'Alau-d-Din sends his brother TJIugh Khan with
Nasrat Khan against Rantambhor. They take Jhayin and invest
Rantambhor; but Nasrat Khan being slain, the garrison compel
the besiegers to withdraw to Jhayin. 'Alau-d-Din, starting from
Delhi to their relief, narrowly escapes assassination by his nephew
Sulaiman Shah (Akat Khan), who proclaims himself king, but is
shortly afterwards captured and beheaded. The Sultan proceeds
to Rantambhor. During his prosecution of the siege two of his
nephews, Mangii Khan and 'TJmar Khan, revolt at Budaun, but
are speedily captured and put to death, and an insurrection which
breaks out at Delhi under Haji Maula is also successfully quelled.
—EHI. iii, 171 ff. EIH. 392. BF. i, 337 ff.
'Alau-d-Din Sayyid of Oudh comes to India from Khurasan.
He became a pupil of Mzamu-d-Din Aulia. Wrote the Mamuqiman.
—BOD. 52.
Merutunga, the Jaina author, flourished, his Pralandha-
chintumani having been composed in Y. Sam. 1362 and his
a.d. 1300—1304.
211
A.D.
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
Vicharasreni about a.d. 1310. — PR. ii, 87; iv, Ind. xcviii.
180, n. 4, 5. Weber, Catal. ii, p. 1024.
IA.
10th July, H. 700, 3rd ZI'1-qa'dah. Fall of Rantambhor after
a protracted siege. 'Alau-d-Dm appoints Ulugh Khan governor;
but the latter dies some six months later, just before undertaking
an expedition to Telihgana and Ma'bar. — EHI. iii, 75, 179.
EIH. 393. BF. i, 342 ff.
H. 701. Dua, the Chagatai Mughal, makes a raid on Lahor. —
JRAS., n.s., xx, 98.
H. 702-722 on coins and inscriptions. Shamsu-d-Din FirGz
Shah Balbani succeeds his brother Kai-kaus as ruler of Bengal :
till a.d. 1318. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 4, and Int. xlii. JBA.
xlii, pt. 1, 249.
H. 702. 'Alau-d-DIn having sent an army against Telihgana
under Fakhru-d-Dm Junan and Malik Chhaju, of Karra, nephew
of Nasrat Khan, proceeds on the 8th Jumada' II (28th January)
to Chitor, which he takes 11th Muharram, 703 (25th August).
He imprisons the Raja, Ratnasimha, and, appointing his eldest son
Khizr Khan governor, returns to Delhi, which is besieged shortly
after his arrival by an army of Mughals under Turgai. 'Alau-d-
Dm, unable to meet them in the open field, entrenches his camp,
but, after remaining before Delhi two months, the Mughals retire. —
BF. i, 353. EHI. iii, 77, 189. EIH. 393-4. JRAS. xx, 99,
n. 1. JBA. Iv, pt. 1, 20.
H. 704. Ratnasimha of Chitor, who had been imprisoned the
previous year by 'Alau-d-Dm, escapes. Subsequently the Sultan
confers Chitor on Maldeo, a nephew of the Raja, and he remains
tributary to Delhi until the end of 'Alau-d-Din's reign. — EIH. 394.
BF. 363.
H. 704. (Firishtah) 'All Beg and Khwajah Tash, with an army
of Mughals, invade Hindustan and penetrate to Amroha, but are
defeated, captured, and put to death by GJiazi Beg Tughlaq Khan,
who is appointed governor of the Pan jab. Great discrepancies
exist among the different accounts of this event. — EHI. iii, 47, 72,
198. BF. i, 361. JRAS. xx, 99, n. 1.
H. 704. Alp Khan Sanjar founds the fort of Kareth.— BG. 105.
212 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1305
1307
1308
1309
1310
H. 705. Aibak Khan or Kabak, general of the Mughal Dua,
ravages Multan and Siwalikh to avenge the death of 'All Beg and
Khwajah Tash. Ghazi Beg Tughlaq falls on their rear as they
depart and routs them. — BF. i, 363-4. JRAS., N.8., xx, 99, n. 1.
H. 706. Ramadeva of Devagiri having withheld tribute, * Alau-d-
Dm sends Malik Kafur against him. The latter enters Devagiri
19th Ram. (24th March), and taking Ramadeva prisoner, carries
him to Delhi, where he is received favourably and reinstated,
remaining tributary to Delhi until his death. — EHI. iii, 77, 200.
EIH. 394.
3rd July, H. 708, 13th Muharram. 'Alau-d-Dln invests Siwana,
which surrenders 23rd Rabr I (10th September), the Raja being
slain. This same year 'Alau-d-Din reduces Jhalawar. — EHI. iii,
78. EIH. 396. BF. i, 370.
H. 709. His expedition to Telingana of H. 702 having failed,
'Alau-d-Dm sends a second under Malik KafQr, which starts 25th
Jumada' I (31st October) by way of Devagiri. — EHI. iii, 78, 79.
EIH. 396.
H. 709. Birth of Firuz Shah, son of Rajab the brother of
Ghiyasu-d-Din Tughlaq. He eventually succeeded Muhammad
ibn Tughlaq as Firuz Shah III.— EHI. iii, 271.
Y. Sam. 1366. Udepur temple inscription (Gwaliar) of the
Maharajadhiraja Jayasimhadeva, ruler of Udayapura and probably
Dhara. — IA. xx, 84.
Y. Sam. 1365, 7th Phalgun. vad. Dida, Rawal of Dungarpur,
takes Galiakot.
6. 1231. &ankara, Yadava of Devagiri, succeeds his father
Ramadeva: till a.d. 1312.— BD. 119.
H. 709. Shaikh Sadru-d-Dln, son of Shaikh Bahau-d-Dm, dies
at Multan.— BOD. 340.
Y. Sam. 1365. Yijayasimhasuri writes the Bhuvanasundarlkatha.
—PR. i, 67.
H. 709. Malik Kafur having left Devagiri 26th Rajab (30th
December, 1309), takes Sarbar, and proceeds 10th Sha'ban
(13th January) towards Orangal. He invests the town which
capitulates 16th Ram. (17th February). A treaty having been
concluded with the Raja Laddar Deo (Prataparudradeva II), Malik
a.d. 1310— .1311. 213
A.D.
1310
1310
1311
Kaffir leaves Orangal 1 6th Shauwal ( 1 9th March) with great booty,
and arrives at Delhi 11th Muharram (10th June), H. 710. He
leaves it again 24th Jumada' II (18th November) to reduce
Dvarasamudra, the capital of the Hoysala kingdom, and invade
Ma'bar1 (Maaber).— EHI. iii, 78, 83, 84, 86.
H. 709. Sundara Pandya of Ma'bar assassinates his father and
seizes the throne. His brother Yira Pandya opposes him but is
temporarily defeated. — EHI. iii, 53 (Tazjiyatu-l-Amsdr).
H. 710 (71 1-22 on coins). Ghiyasu-d-Dm Bahadur Shah, Balbani,
son of Firfiz Shah, governs Eastern Bengal till H. 719, when he
rules the whole country until H. 723. — BMC, Muhammadan States,
4, and Int. xlii.
H. 710. Yira Pandya attacks his brother Sundara. The latter
seeking refuge with 'Alau-d-Dm at Delhi, Yira Pandya 2 establishes
himself on the throne of Ma'bar. — EHI. iii, 54.
H. 710. Rashidu-d-Dm completes the JamVu-t-Tawarikh.
—EHI. iii, 5.
Tejahsimha, author of the Daivajnalahhriti, flourished. Was
a son of Yikrama, Mantrin to Sarahgadeva, Yaghela of Gujarat
(a.b. 1274-1296).— BR. 1882-3, 32.
Yidyanatha, author of the Prataparudrayasohhushana or Pratd-
parudriya, a work on Alahkara, probably flourished about this date,
having been contemporary with Prataparudra II, Kakatiya of
Orangal.— I A. xxi, 198 ff.
H. 710. Malik Kaffir's expedition to Ma'bar reaches Devagiri
13th Ram. (3rd February). It marches southward on the 17th
Ram., and reaches Dvarasamudra 5th Shauwal (25th February ).
The Raja Yira-Ballala submits and gives up his treasure. Malik
Kafur proceeds southwards, and after reducing Ma'bar returns
4th Zi'1-hijjah (April 24th) to Delhi.— EIH. 396. BF. i, 373.
EHL iii, 86 fl\, 203-4.
H. 711. 'Alau-d-Dm having dismissed from the army the whole
of the Mughal converts known as the "New Musulmans," a section
1 Usually, but wrongly, identified with Malabar. The name really applies to
the strip of country on the Madras Coast extending northward from Rameshwar.
—EIH. 396, n. 15.
2 According to the same authority he fled before Malik Kafur in a.d. 1311.
See EHI. iii, 86 ff.
214 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
of these conspire to assassinate him. On the plot being discovered
'Alau-d-Dln massacres the whole of them. — EHI. iii, 205.
EIH. 397. BF. i, 375.
January, H. 711, Ramazan. Khizr Khan, eldest son and heir
of 'Alau-d-Dln, marries his cousin, the daughter of his maternal
uncle Alp Khan Sanjar. — EHI. iii, 553.
H. 712. Ramadeva of Devagiri being dead and his successor,
Sahkara, having refused tribute, Malik Kafur marches against him
and having slain him, reduces the whole of Maharashtra. — BF. i,
379. EIH. 397.
V. Sarii. 1369. Traditional date for the destruction of Ghumli
or Bhumli, the capital of the Jethva, Rajputs. — ASWI. ii, 178.
&. 1236. Yira- Champa reigning. Mentioned as the son of
a Chola king in an inscription of the above date at Tiruvallam. —
MGO., 6th August, 1892, No. 544, p. 11. EI. iii, p. 70.
&. 1236. The Ratnakara composed in the reign of Harasimha
of Mithila, under the supervision of his minister Chandesvara.
— Hall's Sankhyapravachana, p. 36. BR. 1883-4, 48.
H. 715. 'Alau-d-Din imprisons his son Khizr Khan and puts his
brother-in-law Alp Khan, governor of Gujarat, to death at the
instigation of Malik Kafur. A revolt breaks out in Gujarat and
Kamalu-d-Din Garg, being sent to suppress it, is slain by the
adherents of the late Alp Khan.— EHI. iii, 207-8. BG. 39.
BF. i, 381.
January 5th, H. 715, 8th Shauwal. Death of 'Alau-d-Dm.
Malik Kafur, having blinded Khizr Khan and his brother, places
Shihabu-d-Dm 'Umar, a third son of the late king, on the throne.
Malik Kafur, being assassinated 35 or 37 days later by a body of
paiks, Qutbu-d-Din Mubarak Shah, another son of 'Alau-d-Dm,
assumes the regency. — PK. 176, 177. EHI. iii, 210.
14th April, H. 716, 20th Muharram. Mubarak Shah, having
deposed his brother Shihabu-d-Dm 'Umar, ascends the throne.
He sends 'Ainu-1-Mulk Multani to suppress the disorders in
Gujarat, which had arisen on the death of Alp Khan, and which
Kamalu-d-Din Garg had failed to crush. 'Ainu-1-Mulk restores
peace, and Malik Dinar, the Sultan's father-in-law, to whom he had
a.d. 1316—1320. 215
A.D.
316 given the title of Zafar Khan, is appointed governor of Gujarat. —
PK. 177-8. EHI. iii, 211, 214, 555, 557. BG. 40. E1H. 400.
March, Kollam era 491, 22nd Kumbham. Sri Vlra Udaiya
Martanda Varma II ruling in Yen ad. Apparently assumed the
title of Vlra Pandya. — Early Sovereigns of Travancore, P.S. Pillai,
59 ff.
&. 1238, Muppidi, officer of Prataparudra II, Kakatlya, conquers
Kanchl.— MGO., 14th August, 1893, No. 642.
25th May, H. 718, 23rd Kabr I. Birth of Prince Sultan
Muhammad, son of Mubarak Shah I.— EHI. iii, 565.
H. 718. Harapala, brother-in-law of &ahkara of Devagiri,
having revolted, Mubarak Shah defeats him in person and puts
him to death. With Harapala ends the dynasty of the Later Yadavas
of Devagiri. Mubarak Shah returns to Delhi in Jumada' II. On
the conclusion of his expedition against Devagiri he seems to have
sent part of his army under Malik Khusru to Ma 'bar. Khusru
reduced the country and returned the following year to Delhi. —
EHI. iii, 214, 215. EIH. 400. BD. 119.
H. 718 (coin). Shihabu-d-DIn Bughra Shah, Balbani, son of
Flruz Shah, governs Western Bengal: till H. 719. — BMC,
Muhammadan States, 4, Int. xlii.
H. 719. Malik Khusru having reduced Ma'bar, returns to
Delhi, where the administration of the government is conferred
on him. He gains complete ascendancy over the Sultan, and
inaugurates a reign of terror in Delhi. — EIH. 401.
H. 719. Ghiyasu-d-Din Bahadur Shah governs all Bengal: till
H. 723. See a.d. 1310.
H. 720. Mubarak Shah I assassinated in Kabi' I (April) by his
Hindu slave wazir (Nasiru-d-Din) Khusru who succeeds him after
exterminating all the descendants of 'Alau-d-Din, and reigns a little
over four months, when Ghazi Malik Tughlaq, governor of the
Panjab, advancing on Delhi, defeats and executes him, and succeeds
to the throne early in Sha'ban as Ghiyasu-d-DIn Tughlaq. — BMC,
Sultans of Delhi, p. 50. EHI. i, 344 ; iii, 220 ff. JBA. xlii, pt. 1,
311. EIH. 401.
1320 1 Lakha Phulani ruling at Khedakot. He subdued the KathTs and
I conquered part of Kathiavad. He is said by some accounts to have
216 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1321
1323
1324
been murdered by his son-in-law, by others he is represented as
having been slain at Adkot in Kathiavad, perhaps in conflict with
Muluji Yaghela aided by SiFihoji Eathod. Great discrepancies
exist as to his date. — ASWI. ii, 197, 199.
H. 72 1.1 Ghiyasu - d - Din Tughlaq appoints his eldest son
Fakhru-d-Dln Jiman governor of the Dekkan, with the title Ulugh
Khan, and sends him against Orangal. He invests it unsuccessfully
and is forced to retreat to Devagiri, but being reinforced from Delhi
four months later he takes Bidar, and capturing Orangal sends
Laddar Deo, Prataparudradeva II, a prisoner to Delhi. Telingana
is completely conquered and the name of Orangal changed to
Sultanpur.— EHI. iii, 231. PK. 187.
The Christian missionaries, Peter, James, Thomas, and Demetrius,
martyred by the Muhammadans at Thana. The authority for this
date is Odoricus of Friuli, who was in Thana in a.d. 1322, and
described the event as having taken place the preceding year. —
IA. x, 22, n. 3.
H. 723. Nasiru-d-Dm, Balbani, son of Firuz Shah, governor of
Lakbnauti : till H. 726. 'Izzu-d-Dm A'zamu-1-Mulk, governor
of Satgaon: till H. 740. — EMC, Muhammadan States, 4, and Int.
xi, xlii.
H. 724. Shihabu-d-Dm Bughra Shah of Western Bengal,
having been ousted by his brother Ghiyasu-d-Dln Bahadur Shah,
appeals to Delhi for aid, and Tughlaq Shah I, having appointed
Fakhru-d-Din Junan viceroy of Delhi in his absence, proceeds to
Bengal, and reinstating Shihabu-d-Dm, takes Bahadur captive.
On his return Harisimhadeva of Simraon opposes him, but is
driven from his capital by Tughlaq, who appoints Ahmad Khan
to the government of Tirhut. Harisimhadeva withdraws to Nepal
and establishes himself (&. 1245) at Bhatgaon.— PK. 8, 188, 194,
199. BMC, Muhammadan States, 4, differs. EIH. 403. BF. i,
406-7. [JBA. iv, 124. IA. xiii, 414. Pischel, Kat. d. Bill. d.
DMQ., ii, 8.
30th August, H. 724, 9th Ram. Death of Abu or Bu< All
Qalandar, Shaikh Sharafu-d-Din of Panipat, a native of 'Iraq. —
BOD. 17. "
1 H. 722 according to EIH. 402; BF. i, 403; BMC, Muhammadan
States, lxii.
a.d. 1325—1330. 217
A.D.
1325 February, H. 725, Rab? I. Tughlaq Shah I, returning from
Bengal, is met at Afghanpur near Tughlaqabad by his son
Fakhru-d-Din Junan, who builds a temporary pavilion for his
reception. This falling, by accident or design, kills the Sultan
and his favourite son, upon which Fakhru-d-Junan ascends the
throne as Muhammad ibn Tughlaq.— PK. 189. EHI. iii, 235.
BF. i, 406-7. Coins and inscriptions, BMC, Sultans of Delhi, 55 ;
IA. xix, 320; ASM. ii, 21.
H. 725 (728, 730 on coins). Bahadur Shah, Balbani, restored
(with Bahrain Khan) in Eastern Bengal by Muhammad ibn Tughlaq.
He was subsequently defeated and put to death, probably before
H. 733, in which year Muhammad ibn Tughlaq is found issuing
his own coin in Bengal. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 4, Int. xlii.
JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 250. PK. 200.
4th March, H. 725, 18th Rabi' I. Death of the saint Mzamu-d-
Din Aulia at Delhi.— BOD. 302.
1325 Yirabhadra, Kakatiya of Orangal, succeeds his father Prata-
parudradeva. He is said to have retired to Kondavidu, and with
him the family disappears from history.— NO. iii, pt. 2, 84.
1326 H. 726. Qadr Khan succeeds Nasiru-d-Din, Balbani, as governor
of Lakhnauti : till H. 740. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 4, Int. xi.
1327 H. 727. An army of Mu glials under Tamashirin, son of Dua,
having subdued Lamghan. and Multan, march on Delhi, but are
bought off by Muhammad ibn Tughlaq.— EIH. 404. BF. i, 413.
JRAS., n.s., xx, 99, n. 1 ; 111.
H. 727. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq introduces a forced copper
currency. — BF. i, 415.
1328 H. 728. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq crushes the revolt of Kashku.
Khan in Multan.— EHI. i, 341-2.
Friar Jordanus appointed Roman Catholic Bishop of Columbum,
or Quilon. — I A. iv, 8.
1330 H. 730. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq annexes Southern Bihar.-
JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 221.
H. 731. Bahram Shah governs Eastern Bengal alone: till
H. 739. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 4, and Int. xi.
218 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1331
1332
1333
1334
1336
1337
1338
H. 731. Death of Shaikh Burhanu-d-Din Gharib, a celebrated
Muhaminadan saint of the Dekkan, and a disciple of Nizatnu-d-Din
Aulia.— BOD. 111.
&. 1254. Death of Yidyadhiraja, seventh High Priest of the
Madhva sect. His former name was Krishnabhatta. Wrote a
commentary on the Bhagavadgita. — BR. 1882-3, 19, 203.
H. 734. 'Abu 'Abdu'llah Muhammad ibn Batuta, the historian,
visits India. He lived at the Court of Muhammad ibn Tughlaq
till about a.d. 1342. He was eventually sent by the Sultan on an
embassy to China, and wrote an account of his journey through
India to Malabar, where he embarked. — EHI. iii, 585. IA. iii,
114 ff. JEAS., sr.s., xix, 393.
Y. Sam. 1390. Prabhanandasuri writes theKshetrasahgrahanivritti
on Haribhadrasiiri's Jambudvipasahgrahanl. — Weber, Catal. ii, 593.
H. 737-740 on coins. Jalalu-d-Dm Ahsan Shah king of Ma'bar.
— JBA. lxiv, pt. 1, 51, 54.
Y. Sam. 1393. Eatnadeva writes a Clihdyd or Sanskrit translation
of a Prakrit Yajjalay a (Anthology) by Jayavallabha. — BE. 1883-4,
p. 17.
H. 738. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq sends an army under his
nephew Khusru Malik to invade China. After many hardships
it reaches the frontier, but is forced to retreat before the Chinese
army, and falling a prey to famine is almost completely destroyed.
— BF. i, 416.
H. 738. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq said to have taken Nagarkot
in this year. — EHI. iii, 570.
Sakalalokachakravartin Eajanarayana Sambuvarayar began to
reign, according to an inscription of S. 1268 quoted as the ninth
year of his reign. — ASSI. i, 180, No. 60 ; but see ib. iii, 77.
H. 739. A revolt breaks out, according to Eirishtah, under
Bahau-d-Dln the nephew of Muhammad ibn Tughlaq. After
being twice defeated by the royal forces, he takes refuge with
Ballaladeva (?) of Dvarasamudra, who delivers him over to
Muhammad ibn Tughlaq by whom he is put to death. — BF. i,
418. EIH. 406.
a.d. 1338—1340.
219
H. 739 (741 according to Firishtah). A revolt under Bahrain
or Bairam Abiya breaks out during Muhammad ibn Tu gulag's
absence at Devagiri. The latter hastens to Delhi, collects an army,
and marching to Multan defeats and slays Bahrain. — EHI. iii, 242.
EIH. 406.
H. 739-750 on coins. Fakhru-d-DIn Mubarak Shah proclaims
himself independent king of Eastern Bengal on the death of his
master Bahrain Shah, whom he killed according to Mzamu-d-DIn
Ahmad. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 5, Int. xi. JBA. xlii, pt. 1,
252. PK. 263.
H. 740. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq removes his capital from
Delhi to Devagiri, the name of which he changes to Daulatabad. —
BF. i, 419.
H. 740 ; 742-6 on coins. 'Alau-d-Din 'All Shah reigns as
independent king of Western Bengal, but is opposed by Shamsu-d-
Din Ilyas Shah, who succeeds him in H. 746 (a.d. 1345). — BMC,
Muhammadan States, 5, Int. xi. JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 252-3.
H. 740, coin date. 'Alau-d-Din Arohar or Aduji Shah succeeds
Ahsan Shah as king of Ma'bar. A few months later Qutbu-d-Din,
a nephew of the late king, ascends the throne, but is murdered
forty days later by his subjects when Ghiyasu-d-Din DamghanI
succeeds him. — Refs. a.d. 1336.
S. 1 261, inscription at Tattukoti Hamlet, near Badami. Harihara I,
of Vijayanagara, eldest son and successor of Sahgama I. Of his
four brothers, Kampa seems to have established an independent
rule over the JSellore and Chuddapah districts, his son Sahgama II
having granted two villages there in S. 1278 ; Bukka, associated
with Harihara I in his re-establishment of Yijayanagara (about
a.d. 1350), eventually succeeded him. Of the remaining brothers,
Marapa and Muddapa, we have as yet nothing but the names. —
IA. x, 62, No. lxxxvii. Sewell mentions a doubtful grant of
6. 1258 which Hultzsch considers a forgery. ASSI. ii, 11; ih. 243.
EI. iii, 23, n. 2.
S. 1261. Death of Yadiraja, said to be the same as Kavmdra,
eighth successor of Anandatirtha in the Madhva sect. — BR. 1882-3,
pp. 8, 203.
H. 741. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq solicits confirmation of his
sovereignty from the Khalifah of Egypt, as representative of the
race of 'Abbas.— PK. 256.
220 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1340
mo
1341
1342
1343
1344
Y. Sam. 1396. Devasundara of the Tapagachchha born. He had
five pupils — JFianasagara, Kulamandana, Gunaratna, Sadhuratna,
and Somasundara.— I A. xi, 255-6. PR. iv, Ind. lv.
Khwajah 'Ainu-1-Mulk, author of the Tarsil * Ainu-l-Mulkl and
probably of the Fath-Ndmd, flourished under Muhammad Shah
Tughlaq of Delhi (a.d. 1325-51) and his successor Firuz III
(a.l. 1351-88).— BOD. 45.
H. 742. An insurrection breaks out in Ma'bar (Coromandel
Coast) under Sayyid Hasan. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq marches to
suppress it, but his army being attacked by pestilence at Orahgal
he is forced to return to Daulatabad— BF. i, 423. EIH. 406.
Nem Shah, son of the Koli chieftain Jayappa Kayak Mukhne,
acknowledged independent ruler of Jawar, his territory extending
from the Damangahga to near the Ulas or Bor Ghat river, and
from the Sahyadri range to within a few miles of the sea. Jayappa
Nayak Mukhne is probably the Nag-ndk of the fort of Kondhana
whom Firishtah represents as being attacked and subdued by
Muhammad ibn Tughlaq in the previous year. — I A. iv, 65.
BF. i, 420.
H. 743. The Afghans cross the Indus and ravage the Panjab.
On their retirement the Gak'kars under Malik Haidar invade the
province and seize Labor.— BF. i, 425. EIH. 406. JBA. xl, 79.
30th June, H. 743, 25th Muharram. Birth at Delhi of Muzaffar
Khan, afterwards Muzaffar Shah I of Gujarat.— BOD. 286.
H. 743. Death of Fakhru-d-Dm Abu Muhammad ibn 'All
Zailai, author of the Ta'ba'inu-l-Haqdeq, a commentary on the
Kanzu-l-Daqdeq. — BOD. 127.
H. 744. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq receives the diploma of
investiture from the Khallfah of Egypt.— PK. 256. EHI. iii, 249 ;
but see ib. 568, n. 1.
Y. Sam. 1400. Jinaprabha of the Rudrapalliya gachchha flourished,
wrote a Shaddarsanl. — PR. iv, Ind. xxxvii-viii.
&. 1265. Death of Yagisatirtha, ninth High Priest of the
Madhva sect.— BR. 1882-3, 203.
8th December, 1st Sha'ban, H. 745. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq
sends Badru-d-Dln, or Badr-i-Chach, author of the Kasdid, to
a.d. 1344—1346. 221
A.D.
1344
1345
1346
Daulatabad to recall the governor Qutlugh Khan, and about the same
time appoints 'Aziz Himar to Malava. — EHI. iii, 570-1. BG. 43.
H. 744. Revolt of the kingdom of Telingana under Krishna
(Krishn Naig), a son of Prataparudra II, Kakatiya of Orangal. —
BF. i, 427.
H. 745, coin date. ISasiru-d-Din Muhammad or Mahmiid Shah,
nephew and successor of Ghiyasu-d-Din Damghan Shah in Ma'bar.
— Refs. under a.d. 1336.
A famine breaks out and rages for years in and around Delhi,
caused mainly by the enormous exactions of Muhammad ibn
Tughlaq which completely paralyzed cultivation and ruined
thousands.— EHI. iii, 238 ff. JBA. Iii, 284.
The governor of Sambhal revolts but is defeated and slain by
'Ainu-1-Mulk, subadar of Oudh. Nasrat Khan of Bldar revolts
the same year, but is also subdued.— BF. 428-9. EIH. 407.
H. 745. A revolt breaks out in Gujarat, and Muhammad ibn
Tughlaq starts in person towards the end of Ramazan (February)
to suppress it. While halting at Sultanpur he receives news of
the defeat and death of 'Aziz Himar, who had engaged the rebels.
He himself proceeds to Gujarat, where he eventually quells the
disturbance.— EHI. iii, 253 ff. IA. iii, 281.
H. 746. 'Alau-d-Dm 'All Shah assassinated at the instigation
of Shamsu-d-Din Ilyas Shah, who succeeds him in Western Bengal.
— BMC, Muhammadan States, 5. JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 254.
H. 746. The defeated nobles of Gujarat having taken refuge
in the Dekkan, Muhammad ibn Tughlaq summons the Dekkan
officers to Gujarat. The latter revolt under the leadership of
'Isma'il Khan Afghan, who assumes sovereignty as jSasiru-d-Dm.
Muhammad ibn Tughlaq advancing from Gujarat, is joined by
'Imadu-1-Mulk Tabriz! and Malik Mugh governor of Malava.
They engage the rebels who, at first successful, are forced
eventually, through panic, to retire. 'Isnia'il retreats to Daula-
tabad which Muhammad ibn Tughlaq invests. The garrison is
about to surrender when news of a rebellion in Gujarat under
a slave named Taghi forces the Sultan to return thither, and the
Dekkan officers, encouraged by his absence, compel the Royalists
to raise the siege. Taghi having killed Muzaffar, the assistant
governor of Nahrwala (Anhilvad) plunders Cambay and attacks
Bharoch. He retreats before the Sultan's advance and takes
222 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
1346
1347
1348
1349
refuge in Damrila.— BF. ii, 286. EHI. iii, 257 ff. BG. 50 ff.
JBA. lxiv, pt. 1, 52-3.
In this same year Amir 'All, the nephew of Zafar Khan, one
of the Amir Jadlda (New Nobility), revolts at Kulbarga, whither
he had been sent to collect the revenue. He occupies Kulbarga
and Bidar, but is eventually defeated by and surrenders to Qutlugh.
Khan.— BF. i, 429.
H. 748. Zafar Khan (Hasan Gangu), reinforced by the Raja of
Telingana and Nasiru-d-Dm Isma'il, defeats and slays 'Imadu-1-
Mulk at Bidar. Nasiru-d-Dm 'Isma'il retiring, Hasan Gangu is
unanimously elected king, and on the 24th Rabi' II (3rd August),
assumes royalty as 'Alau-d-Dm, first of the Bahmani dynasty of
Kulbarga. The Bahmani dynasty held the Dekkan for about two
centuries. The kingdom of its founder, Hasan Gangu, stretched
from Berar to the Kistna, and from the sea on the west to Telingana
on the east. Under 'Alau-d-Dln Ahmad II, fresh conquests were
made, the Bahmani sovereignty being extended to the Konkan,
Khandesh, and Gujarat. Muhammad Shah II gained further
victories, the kingdom in his reign including the whole of the
Dekkan north of Maistir. The downfall of the dynasty occurred
shortly afterwards, through the different provincial governors
assuming independence. On its ruins sprang up five new dynasties
representing the new states into which the Bahmani kingdom had
been redivided. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 146, Int. Ixii, lxvi.
EHI. iii, 261. BOD. 50. BF. ii, 283. Hist, of the Mahraitas,
by Grant Duff, i, 50 ff. PUT. 314. EIH., App. 755.
Y. Sam. 1404. Inscription from the fort of Marpha (Madharpa)
near Kalanjara, of a king or prince Siddhitunga. — ASNI. ii, 155.
Y. Sam. 1403. Merutunga of the Anchalagachchha born. Author
of the Surimantrakalpasaroddhara, and possibly identical with the
author of the Srikankalayarasadhyayavritti. — Weber, Catal. i, 297.
PI. xcviii. BD. 1883-4, 130.
H. 749. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq, hearing that Hasan Gangu
had assembled a large force at Daulatabad, gives up the idea of
opposing him, and passes the rainy season at Mandal and Tiri,
settling the affairs of Gujarat. — BG. 55.
H. 750. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq passes the rainy season near
Girnar, at the close of which he is said to have taken Junagadh,
the fort commanding the pass. — BG. 55, notes.
a.d. 1349—1350. 223
A.D
1349
1350
1350
H. 750 (753 on coin). Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Ghazi Shah succeeds
Mubarak Shah in Eastern Bengal, being in all probability his
son. His place among the kings of Eastern Bengal rests on
numismatic evidence only. — JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 254. BMC,
Muhammadan States, 5.
Y. Sam. 1405. B,ajasekarasuri composes his Prdbandhakoia at
Delhi. Weber identifies him with the author of the panjika on
&Y\<\heLr2L%Nyayakandall. — PR. iv, Ind. cv. JBRAS. x, 31.
V. Sam. 1405. Jnanasagara born. Died Y. Sam. 1460 = a.d.
1404. Was a pupil of Devasundara and author of avachurnis on
the Avasyaka and Oghaniryukti (Y. Sam. 1439), etc. — PB. iv,
Ind. xlvi.
H. 751. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq on his way to Gondal hears
of the death of Malik Kabir, who had been left as one of his
vicegerents at Delhi. He sends Ahmad Ayaz and Malik Makbul
to the capital to carry on the government, and proceeds himself to
Gondal, where he spends the rainy season. — EHI. iii, 264. BG. 56.
Lakha Jam, son of Yirji, and adopted son of Jam Jada of Thatta,
comes to Kachh at the invitation of Baji, widow of Puvara Gahani
the late ruler. Jada, from whom the Jadejas take their name, was
the son of Sandha, a son or descendant of Tamachi Samma, the
son of Jam Unad, the elder brother of Muda. See Appendix. —
ASWI. ii, 199.
The poet Amritadatta flourished, according to the SubhashitdvaM,
under Sultan Shihabu-d-DIn of Kashmir (a.d. 1352-70). — Sbhv.,
ed. Peterson, 3, 4.
'Ainu-d-Dln of Bijapur, author of the Mulhaqdt and of the
Kitalu-l- Anwar t flourished under 'Alau-d-Din Hasan Bahmani. —
BOD. 45.
Sayanacharya, the commentator, author of the Ifddhavzyci
Dhdtuvritti, flourished, having been minister to &angama II of
Yijayanagara and his cousin Harihara II. Between a.d. 1331 and
1386 Sayana was abbot of the monastery of &rihgeri. He died
in a.d. 1387. His brother Madhava, to whom many of Sayana's
works are attributed (amongst others the Sarvadarsanasangraha
and the Nydyamdld), was prime minister to Bukka I and Harihara I,
of the same dynasty. — AC. 711. WL. 42, note. Colebrooke's
Misc. Assays, i, 301. Hall's Phil. Ind., 161. EI. iii, 23. JBRAS.
xii, 340. Sarvadarsanasangraha, ed. Cowell, pref. vii, viii.
224 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1351
1352
1353
1354
H. 752. The rebel Taghi having taken refuge with the Jam
Khairu-d-Dln of Thatta, Muhammad ibn Tnghlaq advances against
the latter with a numerous army in Muharram (March) ; but
being seized with fever he dies near Thatta on the 21st of the
month (20th March). His cousin Firuz Shah III succeeds him
three days later and repulses the Mu glials and the rebels of Thatta
who had seized the opportunity of harassing and plnndering the
army. The Khwajah-i-Jahan Ahmad Ayaz now in charge at
Delhi, crediting a rnmour of Flruz's death, places a supposed
son of the late Sultan on the throne. On Flruz's approach to
Delhi he meets him and craves pardon, but the former, yielding
to the pressure of the nobles, has him executed. — EHI. i, 225 ff. ;
iii, 263, 267, 278 ff. PK. 269. BMC, Sultans of Delhi, 4,
xxxv. IA. xx, 312 ff.
H. 753. Birth of Prince Muhammad Khan, 3rd Jumada1 I
(17th June). Kiwamu-1-Mulk Makbul made wazir with the title
of Khan-i-Jahan. Makbul, whose original name was Kattu, was
by birth a Hindu and a native of Telihgana. Muhammad ibn
Tughlaq named him Makbul and gave him the title Kiwamu-1-
Mulk with the fief of Multan.— EHI. iii, 367 ff. ; iv, 7.
H. 753 (753-8 on coins). Shamsu-d-Dln Ilyas Shah succeeds
Ikhtiyaru-d-Dln Ghazi Shah of Eastern Bengal and rules the whole
of Bengal: till a.d. 1358. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 5. JBA.
xlii, pt. 1, 254.
H. 754. Firuz Shah III proceeds to Lakhnauti against Shamsu-d-
Dm Ilyas Shah. The latter flees to Ikdala and the Sultan following,
besieges him there. Eventually Ilyas Shah takes refuge in the
islands of Ikdala. Firuz feigns retreat to Delhi, whereupon Ilyas
Shah pursues him, but an engagement taking place he is forced
to retreat. Firuz returns to Delhi without annexing Bengal. —
EHI. iv, 7. JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 254. PK. 268.
Y. Sam. 1409. Kulamandana born, according to the Tapd-
gachchhapattavali. Said to have been one of the five pupils of
Devasundara. Author of the Siddhdntdldpakoddhdra, etc. — I A.
xi, 255. PR. iv, Ind. xxi.
&. 1276-1293. Bukka I, Bukkana, or Bukkaraya of Yijaya-
nagara, son of Sangama I and brother and successor of Harihara I ;
married Gauri or Gaurambika.— JBRAS. xii, 336 fl\, and RM1. 234,
a.d. 1354—1358. 225
A.D.
1354
1355
1356
1358
No. 131 (copper-plate of 6. 1276 from Harihar). PSOCL, Nos. 149,
150 (inscriptions from Chiltaldurg, &. 1277 and 1278). IA. iv, 206
(inscription of &. 1290 from Madhukesvara temple, Banavasi). EI.
iii, 36, n. 1 (copper-plate of S. 1291 and inscription of 6. 1293
from Bhatkal).
H. 756. Firuz Shah III cuts a canal from the Satlaj to Jhajhar.
— EHI. iv, 8.
H. 757, Zi'1-hijjah. Firuz Shah III receives a robe of honour
and diploma of investiture from the Khalifah of Egypt, Abu-1-Fath
al-Mutazid billah Abu Bakr ibn Mustakafi billah. — EHI. iv, 9.
PK. 258.
H. 757. This same year Firuz cuts a canal from the river Jamna
in the hills of Sirmur, and turning seven other streams into it,
brings it to HansT, and thence to Abasin where he builds the
fort of Hisar Firuzah.— EHI. iii, 298 ; iv, 8. PK. 294.
S. 1278, copper-plate from Bitragunta. Sangama II, son and
successor of Kampa, or Kampana, a brother of Harihara I of
Yijayanagara. Sangama ruled the Nellore and Chuddapah
districts apparently independently of Bukka I. — EI. iii, 21.
The Ganitapatikaumudi composed by Narayana. — AC. 143.
H. 759. A Mughal force invades the neighbourhood of Dibalpur,
but is defeated and forced to retreat by Malik Kabul. — EHI. iv, 9.
H. 759 (759-92 on coins). Sikandar Shah succeeds his father
Ilyas Shah in Bengal: till a.d. 1389. — BMC, Muhammadan States,
5, Int. xii. JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 256.
Ajayapala of the Chand dynasty of Kumaun builds a palace at
&rmagar.— ASKE. ii, 46.
Y. Sam. 1415, 7th Phalgun vad. Vlrasimha, Rawal, takes
Dungarpur and makes it his capital.
11th February, H. 759, 1st Rabi' I. 'Alau-d-Din Hasan Gangii,
Bahmani of Kulbarga, dies and is succeeded by his son Muhammad
Shah I: till a.d. 1375.— BF. ii, 297.
H. 759, coin date. 'Adil Shah, the Meek, successor of Nasiru-d-
Din Muhammad Shah in Ma'bar. — Refs. a.d. 1336.
H. 758. The city of Mu'azamabad, in Bengal, said to have been
founded by Sikandar ibn Ilyas. — PK. 153.
15
226 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1359
1360
1360
1361
1363
1366
H. 760. Firuz Shah III sets out to invade Lakhnauti, but
spends the rainy season at Zafarabad, after which he proceeds to
Panduah. On the way he confers the insignia of royalty on his
son Path Khan.— EHI. iv, 9, 10. JBA. lviii, 33.
H. 761. Sikandar Shah having, on the approach of Firuz Shah,
retired to Ikdala, the latter besieges it 16th Jumada' I (4th April)
and it surrenders. Firuz marches to Jaunpur, where he halts
during the rains.
Sanmisra Misarii writes his Vivudachandra at the order of Lakkhi-
madevi queen of Chandrasimha of Mithila. — BR. 1883-4, 48.
May, H. 762, Rajab. Firuz Shah III returns to Delhi from his
Lakhnauti campaign, and shortly afterwards takes Kot Kahgra or
Nagarkot. He then proceeds to Thatta in Sindh and defeats the
Jam — Babiniya — in a pitched battle. But being unable to take
the fort he retires to Gujarat for reinforcements. He is misled
on the way by his guides into the Rann of Kachh, and with his
army suffers great privations for six months, during which time
no news of him reach Delhi. On reaching Gujarat he dismisses
the governor Amir Husain for not having sent him aid, and
appoints Zafar Khan governor. He marches a second time on
Thatta. Babiniya submits, and Flruz returns to Delhi. Elliot
(vol. i, 494) fixes H. 762 as the date of this expedition to Sindh,
probably because Firishtah and the Tarikh-i- Mubarak ShuM repre-
sent it as taking place just after the capture of Nagarkot. According
to the Tarikh-i- Flruz ShuM, however, it occurred at least four
years after the Sultan's return from the Lakhnauti campaign,
while the Tuhfatu-l-Kiram places it in H. 772.— EHI. i, 342, 494 ;
iii, 319; iv, 12. BF. i, 455. EIH. i, 411.
H. 765, coin date. Mubarak Shah successor of 'Adil Shah in
Ma 'bar.— Refs. a.d. 1336.
&arhgadhara, son of Damodara, writes his Paddhati. — See Int.
to Hall's Vdsavadatta. ZDMG. xxvii, 1 ff.
H. 767, Jumada' I. Krishnaraja of Vijayanagara having taken
the fortress of Mudkul, Muhammad Shah BahmanI marches against
him. Krishna retreats precipitately to Adoni (Adhwani), and
Muhammad, crossing the Tungabhadra, invades Vijayanagara. He
a.d. 1366—1372. 227
A.D.
1366
1367
1368
1370
1371
1372
defeats the enemy on the 14th Zi'1-qa'dah (23rd July), after which
he advances against Krishnaraja who had taken refuge in his
capital. The latter, sallying forth from Vijayanagara, is surprised
by the enemy, and flees. Muhammad plunders his camp and
devastates the district, but is at length prevailed upon to desist,
and returns to Kulbarga. — BF. ii, 310 iff.
&. 1288, 1291, Kanchipuram inscriptions. Kambana-udaiyar, son
of Yira-Kambana-udaiyar, reigning.— A SSI. iii, 117 ff.
Y. Sam. 1422. Sahghatilakacharya writes his commentary on
the Samyaktvasaptatlkd. — PR. i, 53.
Y. Sam. 1422. Jayasimha writes the Kumdrapdlacharita, a life
of Kumarapala, Chaulukya of Anhilvad. — BR. 1883-4, p. 6.
&. 1289-1341 on inscriptions. Jnanachandra (Garur Gyan Chand)
of the Chand dynasty of Kumaun. Local tradition dates his reign
in Kumaun from V. Sam. 1431 =a.d. 1375. — NWP. Gazetteer, xi,
500, 503. ASKE. ii, 48, 49.
Da'iid Bidaii acts as page and seal-bearer to Sultan Muhammad
Shah I, Bahmanl. He afterwards wrote the Tuhfatu-s-Saldtln
Bahmanl.—BOD. 118.
H. 772 (770 according to Shams-i-Siraj <Afif). Death of Khan-
i-Jahan, Kiwamu-1-Mulk Makbul. His son Junan Shah succeeds
him as wazir with the title Khan-i-Jahan. — EHI. iii, 371 ; iv, 12.
PK. 272.
H. 772. Malik Raja made governor of Khandesh by Firuz
Shah III: till H. 801 = a.d. 1399. — Lane Poole, Mohammadan
Dynasties, 315.
H. 772. Ghiyasu-d-DIn A'zam Shah of Bengal rebels against
his father Sikandar I. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 5.
y. Sam. 1426. Gunakarasuri writes the BhaHdmarastotratika.
—AC. 155. Weber, Catal. 1261.
H. 773. Death of Zafar Khan, governor of Gujarat. His eldest
son Darya Khan succeeds him. — BG. 58. EHI. iv, 12.
H. 774, coin date. 'Alau-d-Din Sikandar Shah successor of
Mubarak Shah in Ma'bar. — Refs. a.d. 1336.
y. Sam. 1428. Ratnasekharasuri, pupil of Hematilaka, composes
his Snpdlacharitra. Harshakirti represents him as belonging to the
228 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
Nagpuriya branch of the Tapagachchha, and as a contemporary of
FirQz Shah Tughlaq III (a.d. 1351-88). — PR. iv, Ind. ciii.
Y. Sam. 1429, Gaya, inscription of Kulachandra, son of Hemaraja
and grandson of Dalaraja of the Yyaghra family. — I A. xx, 312.
V. Sam. 1429. Devendra Munis vara writes a commentary on
Yimalaehmdrasuri' s Prasnottararatnamdld. — Weber, Catal. ii, 1118.
PR. iv, Ind. lviii.
H. 776. Firiiz Shah III makes a pilgrimage to the tomb of
Salar Mas'ud Ghazi at Bahraich.— EHI. iii, 362.
H. 776, 12th Safar (23rd July). Death of Path Khan, the heir-
apparent, at Kanthur.— PK. 298. EHI. iv, 12.
Nep. Sam. 494 ; 504 on MSS. Jayarjunamalla reigning in
Nepal. — Bendall, BSM. xiii.
Y. Sam. 1430. Somas undarasuri born. Died Y. Sam. 1499 = a.d.
1443. Wrote balavabodhas on Yogasdstra, Upadesamdld, Shadd-
vasi/aka, JVavatattva, etc. — PR. iv, Ind. cxxxvi.
6. 1296, 1300. Nadupuru and Yanapalli copper-plates. Ana-
Yema, Jaganobbaganda, etc., Reddi chief of Kondavldu, son of
Yema and grandson of Prola. — EL iii, 59 (Yanapalli copper-plate,
Monday, 6th February, 1380) ; ih. 286 (Nadupuru copper- plate).
&. 1296. Trivandrum inscription of a prince Sarvahganatha ;
possibly referable to the year 1375. — EL iv, 203.
H. 777. Firiiz Shah III abolishes the mustaghall, or ground
rent ; the jazdri, or tax levied on butchers ; and the rozt, or tax
levied on traders.— EHI. iii, 363, 364.
Y. Sam. 1431. Madanapala of the Taka race reigning at
Kashtha, or Kadha, on the Jamna, north of Delhi. His date is
furnished by a work called the Madanavinodanighantu. He also
patronized Yisvesvarabhatta, author of the Madanapdrijdta. — BR.
1883-4, p. 47. See Appendix.
21st April, H. 776, 19th Zi'1-qa'dah (Firishtah). Muhammad
Shah Bahmani of Kulbarga dies, and is succeeded by his son
Mujahid Shah: till a.d. 1378.
6. 1297, inscription at Tirumalai. Ommana-udaiyar, son of
Kambana-udaiyar and grandson of Yira-Kambana-udaiyar, reigning.
— ASSL iii, 102.
H. 778. Shams Damaghani, offering an increased revenue from
a.d. 1376—1379.
229
A.D.
1376
1378
1379
Gujarat, is made deputy governor of that province by Firuz
Shak III. Being unable to raise the promised tribute, he rebels
but is defeated and slain, when Firuz appoints Farhatu-1-Mulk
(Muffarrah Sultan!) to Gujarat.— EHI. iv, 12-14. PK. 850.
Y. Sam. 1433. Jayakirti born. Pupil of Merutuhga and guru
of Jayakesarin. Died Y. Sam. 1500 = a.d. 1443.— PR. iv, Ind.
xxix, xxx.
&. 1298. Death of Ramachandratirtha, tenth High Priest of
the Madhva sect.— BR. 1882-3, 204.
16th April, H. 779, 17th Zi'1-hijjah. Da'ud Shah, Bahmani
of Kulbarga, son of Hasan Gangii, assassinates his nephew Mujahid
and succeeds him, but is himself murdered 21st Muh,arram, 780
(20th May), and succeeded by his brother Muhammad Shah II
or Mahmud Shah I, who reigns till H. 799 = a.d. 1397.— BF. ii,
340 ff.
H. 781. Firuz Shah III makes a progress to Samana. Going
thence by Ambala and Shahabad to the hills of Saharanpur, he
takes tribute from the kings of Sirmur and returns to Delhi. —
EHI. iv, 14.
H. 781, Muharram (April). Amir Timur makes himself master
of Hirat by a treaty of peace, and sends Ghiyasu-d-Dm Pir 'All
a prisoner to Samarqand. EHI. iv, 216.
&. 1301-1321. Harihara II of Vijayanagara, son and successor
of Bukkal; married Malambika. — JBRAS. xii, 338 (Dambal copper-
plate of &. 1301). RMI. 55, No. 29 (Harihar inscription, S. 1301) ;
ib. 267, No. 146 (Belur copper-plate, S. 1304); ib. 222, No. 125;
226, No. 128 (Belur undated inscriptions) ; 277, No. 149 (inscription
at Hassan). ASSI. iii, 155, No. 152 (Yijayanagar inscription,
6. 1307). Colebrooke's Misc. Essays, Madras, 1872, ii, 254 ff.
(Chitaldurg copper-plate of S. 1317). EI. iii, 113 (Nallur copper-
plate of &. 1321); ib. 229 (Kamakshi temple inscription, Kanchi-
puram, &. 1315). JBRAS. xii, 340 ff. (Makaravalli inscription,
Hahgal, Dharvad district).
V. Sam. 1436, Jayasekharasiiri writes the Upadesachintdmani. —
BR. 1883-4, 130.
H. 781. Death of Shaikh Sharafu-d-DIn Ahmad Ahia Maniri,
a celebrated saint of Bihar, and a contemporary of Shaikh Nizamu-
d-DIn Aulia. Wrote the Madanu-l-JSdadnl and Mukdtibdt Ahia
Matilrh— BOB. 378.
230 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1380
1382
1383
1384
1385
H. 782. Khargu, Hindu chief of Kathehr, having murdered
Sayyid Muhammad of Budaun and his brother 'Alau-d-Dln, Firuz
Shah III ravages Kathehr. Khargu takes refuge in the mountains
of Kumaun.— EHI. iv, 14.
Chinnabhatta, author of a commentary on Kesavamisra's Tarka-
bhdsto, nourished under Harihara II of Yijayanagara. — BR. 1882-3,
p. 26.
Y. Sam. 1436. Munisundara born. Died Y. Sam. 1503 = a.d.
1447. Author of the Upadesaratndkara, etc. — IA. xi, 256. PR. iv,
Ind. xcvii.
H. 784. Firuz Shah III builds the fortress of Firuzpur near
Budaun.— EHI. iv, 14.
H. 785. Ghiyasu-d-Din Pir 'AH of Hirat put to death by
Timur.— EHI. iv, 216.
5. 1305 for 1307. Alampundi copper-plate of Yiriipaksha who
calls himself a son of Harihara II of Yijayanagara by his wife
Malladevi; and claims to have conquered for his father the Tundira,
Chola, and Pandya kings and the Simhalas. — EI. iii, 224.
6. 1306. Death of Yidyanidhitirtha, eleventh High Priest of
the Madhva sect.— BR. 1882-3, 204.
Nep. Sam. 505-515. Jayastithimalla of the 3rdThakuri dynasty
of Nepal, son of Asokamalla : married Rajalladevi. Made laws
for castes and families, built temples, and dedicated many images.
— Bendall, BSM. xiii. IA. vii, 91 ; ix, 184; xiii, 414. Wright's
Hist, of Nepal, 182 ff.
5. 1307. Ganganau copper-plate of Narachandra of the Chand
dynasty of Kumaun. — ASNI. ii, 48.
6. 1307. Yijayanagara inscription of Iruga, or Irugapa, a Jaina
general of Harihara II of Yijayanagara, and author of the Nandrtha-
ratnamala. — ASSI. iii, 156.
Dinakaramisra, son of Dharmangada, writes the Subodhini Haghu-
vamsatlkd and the Sisupdlavadhatihd. — AC. 252. Raghuvamsa, Bom.
Sans. Series, pref. 5.
Y. Sam. 1442. Sanghatilakasuri of the Rudrapalliyagachchha
writes a commentary on the Samyahtvasaptatikd of an unknown
author.— PR. i, 53, 92.
a.d. 1387—1389. 231
A.D.
1387
1388
1389
H. 789. Hostilities break out between Prince Muhammad
Khan, son of Firuz Shah III, and the wazir Khan-i-Jahan the
younger, owing to the latter's usurpation of power in the State.
Being defeated by the prince in Rajab (July), Khan-i-Jahan flees
to Mewat, and Firuz in Sha'ban appoints Muhammad his co-regent
with the title Nasiru-d-Din. Khan-i-Jahan, falling later into the
hands of Malik Ya'qub Sikandar Khan, is put to death. — EHI. iv, 15.
&. 1309. Mallana-Udaiyar living at Honnavura (Honavar)
and ruling the principality of Hayve as feudatory of Harihara II
of Yijayanagara. — EI. iii, 117.
H. 790. The slaves of Firuz Shah III stir up strife between
him and Prince Muhammad. Some skirmishing takes place, and
the latter being defeated, retires to Sirmur. The Sultan appoints
Prince Tughlaq Shah, son of the deceased Fath Khan, his heir,
and invests him with the government. Death of Firuz, 18th Ram.
(20th September), when Tughlaq Shah succeeds with the title
of Ghiyasu-d-Din. In the month of Shauwal an army under
Malik Firuz 'All and Bahadur Nahir enters the hills of Sirmur in
pursuit of Prince Muhammad Khan, but being unsuccessful it
retreats and the prince retires to Nagarkot. — EHI. iv, 18.
H. 790. Birth of Shaikh Burhan, surnamed Qutbu-l-'Alim,
a Bukhari Sayyid. He settled in Gujarat, and eventually founded
a religious establishment at Batok. He died probably in H. 856 =
a.d. 1452.— BG. 128.
H. 791. Owing to the misgovernment of Tughlaq Shah II,
a party of the amirs and slaves of the late Sultan, headed by the
deputy wazir, Rukn Chand, conspire to raise Abu-Bakr Shah,
another grandson (son of Zafar Khan) of Firuz III, to the throne.
Tughlaq Shah attempting to escape, is killed 21st Safar (19th
February), when Abu-Bakr succeeds. Rukn Chand, conspiring
against Abu-Bakr, is slain. A revolt having meanwhile occurred
at Samana, resulting in the death of the governor Sultan Shah,
Prince Muhammad Khan marches thither, and proclaims himself
king 6th Rabi' II (4th April), after which he proceeds to Delhi.
Having unsuccessfully attacked Abu-Bakr 2nd Jumada' I (30th
April) at Firuzabad, and again at Kandali in Sha'ban, he retires
to Jalesar and on the 19th Ram. (11th September) instigates a
general massacre of the slaves of the late Sultan Firuz throughout
the different districts and cities. — EHI. iv, 20 ff.
232 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
(H. 790-799 on coins.) Ghiyasu-d-Dm A'zam Shah of Bengal
succeeds his father, Sikandarl : till a.d. 1396. — BMC, Ifuhammadan
States, 5, Int. xii, xiv, xliii.
H. 792. Abu-Bakr having defeated Prince Humayun Khan,
son of Muhammad ibn Firuz, at Panipat, in Muharram (January),
marches in Jumada' I to Jalesar. During his absence Muhammad
Shah enters Delhi, hut on Abu-Bakr' s return he escapes to Jalesar.
In Ramazan (August) some of the inhabitants of Delhi open
negotiations with Muhammad who, on the flight of Abu-Bakr,
returns and reascends the throne 19th Ram. (31st August). In
Muharram, H. 793 (December), Abu-Bakr attacks the royal forces
at Mahindwari, but being defeated he surrenders and is imprisoned
at Mirath.-EHI. iv, 23 ff.
H. 793. A revolt having broken out in Gujarat under Farhatu-1-
Mulk Rasti Khan, Muhammad Shah III appoints Zafar Khan, son
of Wajiu-1-Mulk, to suppress it 2nd Rabi' II (9th March).— BG.
58, 73.
H. 793, 19th Zi'1-hijjah (17th November). Birth of Ahmad,
afterwards Ahmad I of Gujarat.— BG. 125.
S. 1313. Banavasi copper-plate of Harihara II of Yijayanagara,
in which mention is made of the capture of Goa from the Muham-
madans by Madhavanka (Madhavacharya). — JBRAS. iv, 107 ff.
H. 794. Harsing (Narsingh), Raja of Etawah, and other Hindu
Zamindars rebel, but are defeated by Islam Khan and Muhammad
Shah III. The latter destroys the fort of Etawah. In this same
year he builds the fortress of Muhammadabad at Jalesar. In Rajab
(May-June) Islam Khan, being falsely accused of desiring to stir
up rebellion in Multan, is put to death, and the Khwajah-i-Jahan
who had intrigued against him is made wazir. — EHI. iv, 26.
BF. i, 475.
H. 794, 7th Safar (4th January). Zafar Khan defeats and slays
Farhatu-1-Mulk of Gujarat at Kambhu, near Nahrwala, and founds
the village of Jltpiir on the site of the victory. — BG. 75.
Nep. Sam. 512 on MS. Ratnajyotirmalla reigning in Nepal:
perhaps a petty chieftain. — Bendall, BSM. xiii.
H. 795. Sarvadharan, Jit Singh, Rathor, Bir Bahan, Mukaddam
of Bhanugaon, and Abhai Chand, Mukaddam of Chandu, revolt.
a.d. 1393—1394. 233
Muqarrabu-1-Mulk advancing against them induces them to submit,
and afterwards treacherously murders all bnt Sarvadharan who
escapes to Etawah. In Shauwal (August) Muhammad Shah III
ravages Mewat. Bahadur jSahir having plundered several villages
in the vicinity of Delhi, the Sultan proceeds to Kutila and defeats
him, whereupon he flees to Jhar.— EHI. iv, 27. BF. i, 475, 476.
H. 796. Shaikha Khan, the Gakk'har, having seized Labor, Prince
Humayun is sent against him. The prince prepares to start, but is
prevented by his father's death, on the 17th Rabi' I (20th January).
Accession of Humayun two days later as Sikandar Shah I. He
dies forty-five days later, and is succeeded by his brother Nasiru-
d-Dln Mahmud Shah II. According to numismatic evidence
Sikandar's accession took place in H. 795= a.d. 1393. See
Appendix.— EHI. iv, 27, 28. PK. 311, note.
H. 796. Mahmud Shah II, leaving Delhi in charge of Muqarrab
Khan, departs in Sha'ban (June) with Sa'dat Khan ( ' Abdu-r-Rashid
Sultani) for Gwaliar. The Sultan, discovering a plot against his
own life, seizes the ringleaders, with the exception of Mallu
Khan, who escapes and joins Muqarrab Khan at Delhi, where he
is subsequently put in charge of the fortress of Sir! with the title
of Iqbal Khan. Sa'dat Khan, with the Sultan, besieges Delhi.
In Muharram 797 (November) Mahmud Sbah takes refuge in
Delhi, and Muqarrab, making a sortie, is defeated by Sa'dat Khan.
The latter, not being strong enough to take the city, retreats to
FlrQzabad.— EHI. iv, 30.
H. 796. Malik Sarwar, Khwaj ah-i-Jahan, appointed governor
of Kanauj, Oudh, Karra, and Jaunpiir, with the title of Maliku-s-
Sharq, assumes independence and founds the Sharqi dynasty of
Jaunpur.— EHI. iv, 29. BOD. 221.
H. 796. Zafar Khan of Gujarat subdues Idar and plans the
destruction of Somnath, but news reaching him of the invasion
of Sultanpiir and Nandarbar by Malik Raja of Khandesh he
abandons the design and proceeds against the latter, who retreats.
— BG. 76.
The Mirat-i- Sikandarl calls the ruler of Khandesh Malik jNasir
alias Raja 'Adil Khan, but Firish tab's acconnt makes him out to
be Malik Raja, father of Naslr Faruqi, and says he invaded
Gujarat, relying on the promised assistance of Dilawar Khan of
Malava.— BG. 76. BF. iv, 5.
H. 796. Sarang Khan, appointed to Dibalpur and sent to
234
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
1394
1395
1396
1396
1397
suppress Shaikha Khan, takes possession of Dlbalpur in Sha'ban
(June). He defeats Shaikha Khan near Lahor in Zl'1-qa'dah.
(September), and appoints his own brother Malik Khandu governor
with the title 'Adil Khan.— EHI. iv, 29.
H. 797, Rabi' I. Sa'dat Khan sets up a rival king at Flruzabad
in the person of Nasrat Shah, grandson (son of Fath Khan) of Firiiz
Shah III, but shortly afterwards, finding his position untenable,
he takes refuge in Delhi, where he is said to have been slain1 by
Muqarrab Khan. — EHI. iv, 31.
H. 797. Zafar Khan of Gujarat captures Jharand and destroys
the temple of Somnath. — BG. 76.
H. 798. Khizr Khan, governor of Multan, besieged and captured
by Sarang Khan. He flies to Biyana and eventually joins Timur
when the latter invades Delhi.— PK. 326. EHI. iv, 32.
Y. Sam. 1451. Abhayadevasiiri, a contemporary of Gunakara-
suri, composes a Tijayapahuttastotra. — PH., Ind. vii.
H. 799. Zafar Khan of Gujarat assumes independence as
Muzaffar Shah I.— PMD. 312.
(H. 799, (80)4 on coins.) Saifu-d-Dm Hamzah Shah of Bengal
succeeds his father A'zam Shah : till a.d. Ilf06. — BMC, Muhammadan
States, 5, Int. xii, xliii.
H. 799. Ghalib Khan having been ousted from Samana in Earn.
(June) by Sarang Khan, joins Tatar Khan at Panipat. The latter,
reinforced by Sultan Nasrat Shah, defeats Sarang Khan at Kiitila
15th Muharram, 800 (8th October), and pursues him as far as
Talwandi, when he sends Pal Kamalu-d-Dm after him. — EHI. iv, 32.
H. 799. Muzaffar Shah I of Gujarat proceeds against the Raja
of Mandu (Mandal-garh Tab. Akbari) and besieges his fortress. —
BG. 77.
H. 800, Rab? I (November-December). Pir Muhammad, grand-
son of Amir Timur, besieges Uchh.— JBA. lxi, 181. EHI. i, 343 ;
iii, 410; iv, 32.
1 This could scarcely have been the case, seeing he is represented (EHI. iv, 32)
as aiding Tatar Khan two years later against Sarang Khan.
a.d. 1397—1398. 235
Sam. 1454. Mokalasimha, first Rana of Mevad of the younger
branch, said to have supplanted his brother Chonda and to have
usurped the throne.— PK. 356. IA. iv, 349. See a.d. 1428.
&. 1319. Asargaon copper-plate of Bharata Chandra of the
Chand dynasty of Kumaun. — ASNI. ii, 49.
20th April, H. 799, 21st Rajab. Death of Mahmud I or
Muhammad Shah II, Bahmani of Kulbarga. His son Ghiyasu-d-Dln
succeeds him, but is blinded and imprisoned by Lalchin, a Turkish
slave, who places his younger brother, Shamsu-d-Din, on the
throne 17th Ram. (14th June). Shamsu-d-Din, after little more
than a five months' reign, is deposed and succeeded by Taju-d-Dm
Firuz Shah, 23rd Safar, H. 800 (15th November), who reigns till
H. 825 = a.d. 1422. Coin dates of FlrQz H. 804-823.— BMC,
Muhammadan States, 146, Int. lxvi. BF. ii, 352 ff.
H. 800. Iqbal Khan allies himself with Nasrat Shah in
Shauwal (June), but shortly afterwards attacks him. Nasrat
Shah escapes and joins Tatar Khan. Iqbal Khan captures
Flruzabad, slays Muqarrab Khan, and takes possession of Mahmud
Shah II. In Zi'1-qa'dah he marches to Panipat against Tatar
Khan. The latter, hearing of his approach, marches on Delhi,
but is unable to take it, and hearing of the fall of Panipat, which
Iqbal had captured in three days, he escapes to Gujarat, whereupon
Iqbal returns to Delhi. — EHI. iv, 33-4.
H. 800. Sarang Khan sends Taju-d-Din to relieve Malik 'All in
Uchh, upon which Pir Muhammad raises the siege, and marching
against Taju-d-Dm, defeats him on the Biyas. The latter retreats
to Multan, which the Mughals invest. After a six months' siege
it surrenders in Ram. (May-June). — EHI. iv, 32-3.
H. 800. Timur having appointed 'Umar, son of Prince Mirza
Shah, his viceroy in Samarqand, starts to invade Hindustan. He
subdues the territory of Kator (lying between the mountains of
Kabul and the confines of Kashmir) in Ram. (May). — EHI. iii, 400 ff.
On the 8th Muharram, H. 801 (20th September), Timur encamps
on the Indus, and having received ambassadors from various rulers,
amongst others from Sikandar Shah of Kashmir, he crosses the
river on the 12th Muharram. Shihabu-d-Dm, described as the
ruler of an island in the Jhilam, having entrenched himself, is
besieged by the Mughals. He escapes towards Uchh, but is pursued
and defeated by Shaikh Nuru-d-Dln. Eventually he drowns himself.
Timiir reaches the confluence of the Jhilam and the Chenab 21st
236 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1398
1399
Muharram (3rd October); crosses and halts 1st Safar at Talamba
about seventy miles from Multan. After punishing some of the
inhabitants for having refused submission to Pir Muhammad he
leaves Talamba 7th Safar, and proceeds to Jal, whence he marches
against Jasrat Khan, the Gakk'har. After totally routing him,
Timur returns to the Biyas 13th Safar.— EHI. iii, 409-16.
He crosses the Biyas 15th Safar and halts at Janjan: marches
to Sahwal, which he leaves 21st Safar (Friday, 2nd November),
and proceeds to Aswan, thence to Jahwal and Ajodhan: leaves
Ajodhan 26th Safar, and pushes on to Bhatnair. — EHI. iii, 419 ff.
H. 801. Timur captures Bhatnair: surrender of the Raja (Dul
Chain) on Friday, 28th Safar (9th November). Timur destroys the
town 1st Rabi' I (11th November). Proceeds 3rd Rabi' I to
Sarsuti, and from there to Fathabad, which he reaches the 6th of
the same month. Continues his march to Ahruni, and thence
on the 8th to Tohana. Defeats the Jats in the neighbourhood of
Tohana on the following day. Proceeds to the river Khagar and
then to Kiitila, where he is joined by Sultan Mahmud Khan and
Prince Rustam. Leaves Kiitila 18th Rabi I and proceeds to
Kaithal.— EHI. iii, 424-30.
Timur encamps at Aspandi 22nd Rabi I (2nd December), proceeds
the following day to Tughlaqpur and thence to Panipat, which he
reaches on the 24th of the same month. Raid on the palace of
Jahan-numa 28th Rabi' I. Capture of the fort of Loni. — EHI. iii,
430 ff.
Timur continues his march to Delhi. Leaves Loni 3rd Rabi' II
(13th December). Encamps at Jahan-numa. Crosses the Jamna
on the 5th and captures Delhi on the 8th Rabi' II (18th December).
Escape of Mahmud. Delhi sacked on the 16th Rabi' II (26th
December).— EHI. iii, 433 ff. BF. i, 490 ff. PMH. iii, 262.
H. 800. Muzaffar Shah I of Gujarat and his son Tatar Khan
march against Idar and exact tribute. In the same year they crush
a revolt in Somnath. Mahmud Shah II arrives in Gujarat to enlist
Muzaffar's aid in regaining the Delhi throne. On Muzaffar' s
refusal he applies to Dilawar Khan of Malava. — BG. 79.
The Paniniyasikshapanjika composed by Dharanidhara, pupil of
Mahadeva.— AC. 268.
H. 801. Timur proceeds on the 22nd Rabi' II (1st January) to
Flruzabad, thence to Baghpat, and on the 29th Rabi' II to Mirath,
which he captures 1st Jumada' I (9th January). — EHI. iii, 448 ff.
a.d. 1399—1400. 237
Amir Jahan Shah ordered by Tlmur to march up the Jamna
1st Jumada' I. TTmur proceeds to the Ganges, defeats a Hindu
force near Tughlaqpur, another under Mubarak Khan, and a third
under Malik Shaikha at Kutila (Hardwar). Tlmur starts 6th
Jumada' I (14th January) for Samarqand, marches to the Siwalikh
Hills, where he gains a victory on the 10th; continues his march
through Miyapiir, and crosses the Jamna on the 14th; defeats
Ratan Sen (Ratnasimha) in the Siwalikh Hills on the 15th;
captures Nagarkot (Kahgra).
801 (or 802). Tlmur proceeds to the conquest of Jammu 16th
Jumada' II (23rd February) ; gains a victory at Baila the day
following; Jammu taken on the 21st; crosses the Chenab on the
24th, arrives in Kashmir on the 26th ; continues his homeward
march, crosses the Indus 3rd Rajab (11th March), and encamps at
Banu.— EHI. iii, 460-77.
H. 801. INasrat Shah, who had fled into the Do-ab from Iqbal
Khan, advances to Mirath, and being joined by 'Adil Khan, captures
Delhi in Rajab (March), but is forced to retire to Mewat before the
advance of Iqbal Khan in Rab? I, H. 802 (November-December),
who takes Delhi and the surrounding territories and subdues Biyana
and Kathehr.— EHI. iv, 36-7.
H. 802. Mubarak Shah, adopted son of Malik Sarwar, Khwajah-
i-Jahan, succeeds on the latter' s death to the kingdom of Jaunpiir.
— EHI. iv, 37. BMC, Muhammadan States, 88.
H. 801. Death of Malik Raja Earuqi of Khandesh 22nd
Sha'ban (29th April). His son Nasir Khan Fariiqi succeeds him.
— PMD. 315. BOD. 239.
Thursday, 10th July, V. Sam. 1455, 6. Sam. 1321. An in-
scription of 6ivasimha, a king of Mithila, granting the village of
Bisapi to the poet Vidyapati, author of the Purushaparlhhd,
written under 6ivasimha's father, Devasimha; and of the Durga-
bhaktitarahgini and the Ddnavaky avail, written under Sivasimha's
cousin, King Narasimha, the latter work being composed at the
request of his queen Dhlramati ; author also of the Vivadasdra,
the Gaydpattana, etc. Ayodhya, Prasada gives Sivasimha the
initial date of a.d. 1446, assigning him a three years' reign,
while to his father Devasimha he gives one of 61 years (a.d.
1385-1446).— Grierson, IA. xiv, 182 ff. ; xix, 1. BR. 1883-4, 52.
December, H. 803, Jumada' I. Iqbal Khan again marches to
Hindustan, and is joined by Shams Khan, governor of Biyana and
238 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1400
1401
1402
1403
by Bahadur Nahir. He gains a victory at the village of Patiala
on the Ganges, his opponents being, according to Firishtah, the
Raja of Bilgram and some zamindars of the district. — BF. i, 499.
EHI. iv, 37-8.
Y. Sam. 1456. Sadhuratna writes the Yatifitahalpavritti. — Weber,
Catal ii, 1210.
23rd February, H. 803, 9th Rajab. Khizr Khan defeats Taghi
Khan, son-in-law of Ghalib Khan governor of Sarnana, at Ajodhan.
Taghi Khan flees, and is subsequently killed by Ghalib Khan. —
EHI. iv, 38.
H. 803 (803-843 on coins). Shamsu-d-Din Ibrahim Shah,
Sharqi, succeeds his father Mubarak Shah at Jaunpur. — BMC,
Muhammadan States, Int. xlix.
H. 804. Mahmud Shah returns to Delhi and joins Iqbal
Khan in an expedition against Ibrahim Shah, Sharqi of Jaunpiir.
Mahmud deserts to the side of Ibrahim, but being ignored by the
latter, he retires to Kanauj. Iqbal Khan returns to Delhi and
Ibrahim to Jaunpur.— EHI. iv, 38-9. PK. 315.
H. 804. Dilawar Khan, Ghuri, governor of Malava, assumes
independence, and founds the Ghuri dynasty of Malava : till H. 808
=a.d. 1405. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 114, Int. lii.
Y. Sam. 1457. Ratnasekharasuri born. Died Y. Sam. 1517 =
= a.d. 1461. "Wrote the Sraddhapratikramanavritti (Y. Sam. 1496).
—BR. 1883-4, 156. IA. xi, 256. PR. iv, lad. cii.
December, H. 805, Jumada' I. Iqbal Khan marches against
Gwaliar, which had been wrested from the Muhammadans during
Timur's invasion by Nar Singh (Narasimha). JNarasimha's son
having succeeded him, defends the fort successfully against Iqbal,
who returns, after plundering the country, to Delhi. — EHI. iv, 39.
Friday, 10th February, Y. Sam. 1458, stone inscription from
Raypur; and Y. Sam. 1470, wrongly for 1471 (Saturday, 19th
January, 1415), on Temple inscription from Khalari, Raypur.
Haribrahmadeva, of the Kalachuri branch of the Haihaya family,
son and successor of Ramadeva the son of Simhana. — CASR. xvii,
77. EI. ii, 228, or IA. xxii, 83.
H. 806. Tatar Khan deposes and imprisons his father Zafar
Khan of Gujarat and assumes sovereignty as Nasiru-d-Din
Muhammad Shah. He raises an army to march against Delhi,
a.d. 1403—1406. 239
A.D.
1403
1404
1405
1406
but is poisoned on the way thither by his uncle Shams Khan.
Submission of the army to Zafar Khan ( Tdrlkh-i-Mubdrak Shdkl).
— EM. iv, 39. BG. 81.
H. 807. Iqbal Khan besieges Etawah where the Raja of Sirinagar
or Bilgram and the Rajas of Gwaliar and Jalhar (Jhalawar?) had
entrenched themselves. After a four months' siege they pay tribute
and make peace. — EI. iv, 39. BF. i, 501.
April, H. 807, Shauwal. Iqbal Khan leaving Etawah besieges
Mahmud Shah II in Kanauj, but failing to take the city he returns
to Delhi.— EI. iv, 40.
July, H. 808, Muharram. Iqbal Khan marches against Bahrain
Khan of Samana who flees to the mountains, whither Iqbal follows
him. Shaikh 'Alamu-d-Dm having effected a reconciliation between
the two, Iqbal marches to Multan. The Tdrlkh-i-Muldrah Shdhl
represents him as putting Bahrain to death on the way. At Ajodhan
he is met by Khizr Khan, governor of Multan. A battle takes
place between them on the 19th Jumada' I (12th November), in
which Iqbal is defeated and slain. Restoration of Mahmud to the
throne of Delhi in Jumada' II.— EM. iv, 40, 41.
20th February, H. 807, 19th Sha'ban. News of the death of
Tlmur reaches Gujarat. — BG. 83.
H. 808. Muzaffar Shah I of Gujarat prepares to march on
Delhi in support of Mahmud Shah II, but desists on hearing of
the death of Iqbal Khan.— BG. 83.
H. 808. Hushang (Alp Khan), Ghuri of Malava, succeeds his
father Dilawar Khan: till H. 838=a.d. 1434.— BMC, Muhammadan
States, 114, Int. liii.
V. Sam. 1461. Jinavardhanasuri succeeds Jinaraja as High
Priest of the Kharataragachchha : till Y. Sam. 1475. — BR. 1882-3,
p. 25.
October, H. 809, Jumada' I. Mahmud Shah II sends Daulat
Khan LudI against Samana where, according to the Tdrikh-i-
Mubarak SMhl, he defeated Bairam Khan, the successor of Bahram,
on the 11th Rajab of this same year, though Firishtah says the year
following. Khizr Khan of Multan, hearing of Bairam's defeat,
marched against Daulat Khan who fled across the Jamna, his
amirs and maliks deserting him to join Khizr Khan. Mahmud
returns meanwhile to Kanauj, where he is attacked by Ibrahim
240 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.T).
1406 Shah Sharqi of Jaunpur, and forced to retreat to Delhi. Ibrahim
besieges Kanauj which surrenders after a four months' siege. —
EHI. iv, 41. BF. i, 502.
&. 1328. Yirapratapa, Bukka II of Yijayanagara, son and suc-
cessor of Harihara II. — ASSI. iii, 80, No. 55 (Temple inscription
atYeppambattanearYeliir, &. 1 328), Ekamranatha temple inscription
(Kanchi) of same date quoted EI. iii, 36, n. 3.
H. 809. Death of Shaikh 'Abdu-llah Shattarl in Malava.—
BOD. 9.
H. 809. The Jami' Masjid of Kanauj built by Ibrahim Shah,
Sharqi, by rearrangement of a Jaina temple. — JBA. xxxiv, pt. 1,
2r10; xlii, pt. 1, 163.
1^06 H. 809. Shamsu-d-Dm, Ilyas ShahT, of Bengal succeeds his
father Hamzah : till a.d. 1409. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 5,
Int. xliii.
1407 October, H. 810, Jumada' I. Ibrahim Shah, Sharqi, hearing
that Mahmud Shah had been deserted by his troops on retreating
from Kanauj, marches on Delhi. On reaching the Jamna he learns
that Muzaffar Shah, of Gujarat, having defeated Hiishang Ghuri
of Malava (Alp Khan), is marching on Jaunpur. He accordingly
proceeds thither to defend it.— EHI. iv, 41. BF. i, 502.
H. 810. Muzaffar Shah I of Gujarat conquers Malava. Alp
Khan besieged in Dhara, surrenders and is taken captive by Muzaffar
who places Nasrat Khan on the throne. — BG. 84.
H. 810. Meng-tsau-mwun, king of Arakan, flees to Bengal,
where he witnesses the war between Raja Kans and Jaunpur.
He was ultimately restored to his throne with the help of Bengal
troops, and became tributary to Bengal. — JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 234.
H. 810. 'Abdu-llah of Kulbarga writes the Fars-nama. —
BOD. 7.
H. 810. Firiiz Shah, Bahmani, builds an Observatory near
Daulatabad.— BF. ii, 388.
1408 April, H. 810, Zi'1-qa'dah. Mahmud Shah II marches against
Baran and defeats and slays the governor on the part of Ibrahim
Shah, Sharqi,1 after which he marches to Sambhal against Tatar
1 Firishtah calls him Malik Mir Zia ; the Tarlkh-i- Mubarak Shahi, Marhaba
Khan.
a.d. 1408—1411. 241
A.D.
1408
1409
1410
1411
Khan who evacuates the fort and retires to Kanauj. Mahmud
returns to Delhi, and in Rajab of the year 811 (November-
December) marches against Kiwam Khan, governor of Hisar
FlrQzah, on the part of Khizr Khan. Kiwam Khan making
proposals of peace, Mahmud withdraws towards Delhi — EHI. iv,
42. BF. i, 503.
H. 811. Khizr Khan advances by way of Rohtak to Delhi and
besieges it, but is eventually compelled by scarcity of food to
withdraw to Fathpur.— EHI. iv, 43. BF. i, 503.
S. 1330 to 1334. Devaraya I of Vijayanagara, son of
Harihara II, and brother and successor of Bukka II : married
Hemambika. — EI. iii, 36. For list of inscriptions see JBRAS.
xii, 341.
V. Sam. 1464. Lakshmisagarasuri born. — IA. xi, 256a.
H. 812. Bairam Khan deserts Khizr Khan, but while pro-
ceeding to join Daulat Khan he is overtaken by Khizr Khan and
submitting to him is pardoned. — EHI. iv, 43.
H. 812 (812-16 on coins). Raja Kans, Zamindar of Bhaturiah,
dethrones and kills Shamsu-d-Dm, Ilyas Shahl, and places Shihabu-
d-Dm Bayazid on the throne of Bengal. Bayazid reigns until
H. 817. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 5, Int. xii, xvi, xliii.
H. 813. Khizr Khan besieges Idris Khan in the fort of Rohtak.
The latter surrenders after a six months' siege and Khizr Khan
returns to Fathpur. — EHI. iv, 43.
V. Sam. 1467, inscription from Suhaniya of Bilahgadeva, Tomara
prince of Gwaliar.— JBA. xxxi, 404, 422 ff. CASR. ii, 401.
H. 814. Khizr Khan, after plundering several towns in Mevad,
proceeds a second time to Delhi, and besieges Mahmud in the fort
of Shi. Through the defection of Ikhtiyar Khan he gains possession
of the fort of Firuzabad, and so becomes master of the fiefs of the
Do-ab and of the neighbourhood of the capital. — EHI. iv, 44.
BF. i, 504.
January 10th, H. 813, Ram. 14th. Muzaffar Shah I of Gujarat
abdicates in favour of his grandson Nasiru-d-Din Ahmad I. Death
of Muzaffar five months and sixteen days later, therefore in Safar
814 (TariJchi-Alfi).—m. 87.
H. 814. Maudiid, son of Firuz Khan, governor of Baroda, and
others rebel against Ahmad I of Gujarat, but submit and are pardoned.
16
242 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1411
1412
1413
1414
Later on they conspire with Ran Mai, Raja of Idar, and entrench
themselves in the fort of Morasah. They are besieged by Ahmad
and forced to capitulate 5th Jumada' I (25th August). Maudud
and the Raja of Idar escape. — BG. 89, 93-5.
Nep. Sam. 532, 533, MS. and inscription. Jyotirmalla, or Java-
jyotirmalla, of the 3rd Thakuri dynasty of Nepal, and son of
Jayastithinialla. Mentioned in MSS. dated a.d. 1396 and 1400 as
reigning in conjunction with his brothers (Yayadharmamalla and
Kirtinialla). — Bendall, BSM. xiii, and JRAS., N.S., xx, 551. IA.
ix, 183.
April, H. 815, Muharram. • Khizr Khan proceeds by Panipat to
Firuzpur. — EHI. iv, 44.
October, H. 815, Rajab. Death of Sultan Mahmud II of Delhi.
The nobles elect Daulat Khan Ludi as their leader, but he does
not assume royalty : rules till H. 817=a.d. 1414. Mubarak Khan
and Idris Khan desert Khizr Khan and join Daulat Khan Ludi. —
EHI. iv, 44. BMC, Sultans of Delhi, 4. PK. 325.
April, H. 816, Muharram. Daulat Khan Ludi proceeds to
Kathehr, where he is joined by Harsingh (Harasimha) and other
rajas who acknowledge his supremacy. Ibrahim Shah, Sharqi,
besieges Kalpi, and Daulat Khan, unable to relieve it, marches to
Delhi. Khizr Khan leaves Delhi in Jumada' I (August) with
his forces, and besieges Rohtak. — EHI. iv, 45. BF. i, 505.
PK. 325.
H. 816. 'Usman Ahmad Sarkheji, Sher Malik, and others
invite Hushang of Malava to attack Gujarat. Ahmad I sends
'Imadu-1-Mulk Khasah-Khel to attack Hushang, who retreats
without fighting.— BG. 95-7.
&. 1(33)5 and 1338. Yira-Yijaya, Yijayabhupala, son and suc-
cessor of Devaraya I of Yijayanagara : married Narayanambika. —
MJLS. 1881, 249 ff. (Yandavasi copper-plate of S. 1338)'. MCCM.,
March, 1892. See EL iii, 36.
February, H. 816, Zi'1-hijjah. Khizr Khan proceeds to Delhi
and posts himself in front of the gate of Siri.
28th May, H. 817, 8th Rabi' I. Daulat Khan Ludi surrenders
after a four months' siege and Khizr Khan establishes himself at
Delhi as the first of the Sayyid line of Sultans : reigns till H. 824
= a.d. 1421.— BMC, Sultans of Delhi, 4 and Int. xxxvi. EHI.
iv, 45.
a.d. 1414—1416. 243
A.D.
1414
1415
U15
1416
H. 817. Khizr Khan sends his wazlr Maliku-s-Sharq Taju-1-
Mulk to Kathehr which he reduces. Muhabat Khan, governor of
Budaun, tenders his allegiance. The wazir continues his march,
and having taken Jalesar marches to Etawah which he subdues. —
BF. i, 508. EHL iv, 47-8.
H. 817. Jalalu-d-Din Muhammad Shah, son of Raja Kans,
succeeds Bayazid Shah as king of Bengal: till H. 835, a.d. 1431.
— BMC, Muhammadan States, pp. 5, 31, Int. xii, xliii.
H. 817. Ahmad I of Gujarat marches against Girnar; defeats
Raja Kenghan (Khangara V) and captures his fort. — BG. 98.
H. 818. Khizr Khan appoints his son Maliku-s-Sharq Malik
Mubarak governor of Flruzpiir and Sirhind with Malik Sadhu
Nadira as his deputy. — EHL iv, 48.
July, H. 818, Jumada' I. Ahmad I of Gujarat destroys the
temple of Sidhpur.— BG. 98.
The poet Baka flourished under Zainu-l-'Abidln of Kashmir
(a.d. 1417).— Sbhv. 61-2.
H. 819. Khizr Khan sends Maliku-s-Sharq Taju-1-Mulk with
an army to Biyana and Gwaliar. He plunders Gwaliar and, after
exacting tribute from Harasimha of Kathehr, returns to Delhi. —
EHI. iv, 48.
July, H. 819, Jumada' I (817, Eirishtah). Malik Sadhu Nadira,
deputy governor of Sirhind, slain by Turk! adherents of the late
Bairam Khan who seize Sirhind. Khizr Khan sends Malik Da'ud
and Zlrak Khan against them. Da'ud, after pursuing them into
the mountains, is eventually forced to return without subduing
them.— EHI. iv, 48. BF. i, 509.
H. 819. Ahmad I of Gujarat besieges Nagaur, but on the
approach of Khizr Khan of Delhi he raises the siege and returns
to Ahmadabad. He then marches against Nasir Khan of Khandesh
who had invaded Sultanpiir and Nandarbar. Nasir Khan retreats
to Asir, and Ahmad reduces the hill fort of Batnol (Tambol).
He then proceeds to Morasah against Hushang of Malava, who
at the instigation of the zamindars had invaded Gujarat in his
absence. He arrives at Morasah 16th Rajah (9th September),
but Hushang flees without fighting.— BG. 99, n. 100-1. EHI.
iv, 49. BF. i, 509 ff.
244 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA,
A.D.
1417
1418
1419
1420
H. 820. Zirak Khan, governor of Samana, suppresses the
rebellion of Tughan Eais, who with other Turk-bachas had
murdered Sadhu, the deputy governor of Sirhind in the previous
year.— EHI. iv, 49.
H. 820. The fortifications of the city of Ahmadabad said to
have been finished in this year. The building of the city was
apparently begun in H. 813. — BG. 90.
S. 1339, epoch year of Damodara's Aryabliatatulya Karanagrantha,
a work based on the astronomical data given by Aryabhata. —
EE. 1882-3, 28.
Shaikh Mali writes a history of the Yusufzai in Pushto, the
earliest known work in that language. — JEAS. 1885, p. 389.
H. 821. Maliku-s-Sharq, Taju-1-Mulk sent by Khizr Khan
to suppress a revolt of Harasimha of Kathehr, defeats the latter,
and pursues him to the mountains of Kumaun. After ravaging
Etawah, Taju-1-Mulk returns in Eabi' II (May) to Delhi. — EHI.
iv, 49, 50. BF. i, 510.
December, H. 821, Zi'1-qa'dah. Ahmad I of Gujarat besieges
Champanir, but is bought off by the Eaja.
H. 822. Khizr Khan marches against Kathehr. After scouring
Kol and the jungles of the Eahib and of Sambhal, he proceeds in
Zi'1-qa'dah (November-December) towards Budaun. — EHI. iv, 50.
17th March, H. 822, 19th Safar. Ahmad I of Gujarat marches
to Sonkherah, and after capturing it proceeds to Mandu. On
arriving at Dhara, Hushang of Malava sues for peace. Ahmad
grants it, and withdraws through Champanir, which, he lays waste,
to Ahmadabad, where he arrives in Eabi' IE. — BG. 104-5.
H. 822. The Persian Dictionary called the Adubu-l-Fuzalu,
written by Badr Muhammad of Delhi, and dedicated to Qadr Khan
ibnDilawar Khan.— BOD. 93.
H. 822. Khizr Khan invests Budaun in ZPl-hijjah (December,
1419, or January, 1420). Six months later, in consequence of
a conspiracy formed against him by Kiwam Khan and Ikhtiyar
Khan, he raises the siege and repairs to Delhi. On his way thither
he captures Kiwam Khan and Ikhtiyar Khan, and puts them to
death, 20th Jumada' I, H. 823 (2nd June).— EHI. iv, 50, 51.
H. 823. A rebellion breaks out, headed by an impostor who
calls himself Sarang Khan. Malik Sultan Shah Ludi of Sirhind,
being deputed by Khizr Khan to suppress him, starts in Eajab with
a.d. 1420—1421. 245
A.D.
1420
im
1421
his own forces for Sirhind, where in Sha'ban he defeats and puts
to flight the pretender who is joined by Khwajah 'All Indarabi,
while Zlrak Khan, governor of Saniana, and Tughan, chief of the
Turk-bachas of Jalandhara, join Sultan Shah. The latter, reinforced
by Malik Khairu-d-DIn Khani in Ramazan (September), pursues the
pretender into the mountains ; but he escapes, and Sultan Shah is
forced to retreat. Sarang Khan was eventually captured by
Tughan, chief of the Turk-bachas, who put him to death. It was
apparently during this year that Malik Taju-1-Mulk marched to
Etawah, subduing Baran and Kol on his way. After collecting
tribute from the Rajas of Etawah and Kathehr, he plundered and
laid waste the district of Chandawar, and returned to Delhi. —
EHI. iv, 51 ft. BE. i, 511.
H. 823. Ahmad I of Gujarat establishes order in the kingdom,
erecting forts and military posts in various quarters. — BG. 105.
The Assamese, under Chu-dangpha, conquer North-Eastern Bengal
as far as the Karataya. — JBA. xlii, pt. 1, 235.
12th January, H. 824, 7th Muharram. Death of Taju-1-Mulk,
wazir of Khizr Khan. His son Maliku-s-Sharq Sikandar succeeds
him as wazir.
Khizr Khan captures and destroys Kutila, after which he invests
Gwaliar, and having overrun the country and levied contributions,
he takes tribute from Etawah and returns to Delhi. Dies 17th
Jumada' I (20th May), and is succeeded two days later by his
son Mubarak Shah II.— EHI. iv, 53.
H. 824. Jasrat, the Gakk'har, having defeated and captured
Sultan 'All of Kashmir, proceeds, on hearing of Khizr Khan's death,
to Talwandl where he attacks Kamalu-d-Din. After plundering the
country between Ludhiana and RGpar, he proceeds to Jalandhara
and takes Zlrak Khan prisoner 2nd Jumada' II (June 4th). On the
20th of the same month he marches to Sirhind where he besieges
Sultan Shah Ludi. Mubarak Shah II marching to the aid of
the latter, Jasrat raises the siege 27th Rajab (28th July) and
retreats to Ludhiana. The royal army pursues him as far as
Jammu, the Raja of which — Bhima — guides Mubarak Shah to
the chief stronghold ' of the Gakk'hars. The latter destroys it and
returns to Lahor.— EHI. iv, 54 if. JBA. xl, pt. 1, 80.
1 Called variously " Tekhar," " Thankar," " Talhar," "Blsal." See
EHI. iv, n. 2.
246 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1421
1422
1423
H. 824. Ahmad I of Gujarat leads his army towards ChampanTr
and from thence to Sonkherah. — BG. 105.
January, H. 825, Muharram. Mubarak Shah II begins the
restoration of Lahor.
Jumada' II. Jasrat, the Gakk'har, advances to Lahor, but is
repulsed on the 1 1th of the month (2nd June). He attacks the fort
again, but is again defeated. Retreats to Kalanor where he engages
in desultory hostilities with Raja Bhima of Jammu. Ultimately
he flees before the united forces of Sikandar Tuhfah and Malik
Mahmud Hasan. The latter, after defeating a body of Gakk'hars
on the confines of Jammu, returns to Lahor. Maliku-s-Sharq
Mahmud Hasan appointed to Jalandhara and Malik Sikandar, the
wazir, placed in charge of Lahor, and his office given to Maliku-s-
Sharq Sarwar.— EHI. iv, 56 ff.
February-March, H. 825, Rabi' I. Ahmad I of Gujarat invests
Mahesvar and captures it in the absence of Sultan Hushang of
Malava. He invests Mandu 12th Rabi II (5th April), but retires
at the end of seven weeks to Ujjain. After the rainy season he
renews the siege of Mandu, but Hushang having in the meantime
entered the fort, defends it so vigorously that Ahmad retires to
Sarangpur. In response to a message from Hushang, Ahmad
agrees to leave the country. The former, however, treacherously
attacks him by night, 12th Muharram, 826 (26th December),
but is repulsed and retires to Sarangpur. — BG. 106 ff.
H. 825. Flruz Shah, BahmanI, invades Vijayanagara, but is
unsuccessful, and appeals to Gujarat for help. Ahmad sends an
army to his aid. In Shauwal (September) of the same year Flruz
Shah abdicates in favour of his brother Ahmad Shah, and dies
himself ten days later, upon which his brother sends the army
back to Gujarat. — BG. 114. BF. ii, 389 ff. BMC, Muhammadan
States, 146, 149.
H. 826. Mubarak Shah II, after levying contributions in the
territory of Kathehr, and waging war upon the Rathors, subdues the
Raja of Etawah and returns Jumada' II (May) to Delhi. Confers
the office of ' Ariz-i-Mamalik on Malik Mahmud Hasan.
Death of Malik 'Alau-1-Mulk, Amir of Multan.
Raja Bhima of Jammu defeated and slain by Jasrat, the Gakk'har,
in Jumada' I (April). Jasrat attacks Dibalpur and Lahor, but
retreats before the advance of Malik Sikandar.
a.d. 1423—1425. 247
A.D.
1423
1424
1425
Shaikh 'All, according to Firishtah one of the nobles of Mirza
Shah Rukh, then established at Kabul, advances from Kabul to
attack Bhakkar and Siwastan. Mubarak Shah appoints Malik
Mahmud Hasan governor of Multan and sends him against him. —
EHI. iv, 58, 59.
March-April, H. 826, Rabi' II. Ahmad I of Gujarat defeats
Hushang of Malava and returns 4th Juniada' II (15th May) to
Ahmadabad.— BG. 110.
H. 827. Hushang of Malava having attacked the Raja of
Gwaliar, Mubarak Shah proceeds against him. On arriving at
Blyana he is opposed by Auhad Khan who eventually submits.
Mubarak Shah continues his march to Gwaliar. His troops plunder
Hushang's army and take some of his men prisoners. Hushang
sues for peace, which Mubarak grants on condition that he leaves
the country and sends tribute to Delhi. Mubarak Shah returns in
Rajab (June) to the capital. — EHI. iv, 60.
November-December, H. 828, Muharram. Mubarak Shah II
starts for Kathehr. After receiving tribute from Raja Harasimha
he crosses the Ganges and proceeds to the hills of Kumaun. He
then marches homewards by the banks of the Rahib, but, owing
to the presence of famine, gives up his intention of marching on
Kanauj. A rebellion breaks out in Mevad and the Sultan,
marching thither, ravages the district. Unable to cope with the
inhabitants who had fled to their mountain stronghold, Mubarak
Shah returns to Delhi.— EHI. iv, 61.
S. 1346-1371. Devaraya II, Abhinava-Devaraya or Vira-
Devaraya of Vijayanagara, son and successor of Vira-Vijaya. —
EI. iii, 35 (Satyamahgalam copper-plate, S. 1346). ASSI. iii, 79,
No. 54 (Isvara temple inscription at Tellur near Yelur, &. 1353);
ih. 82, No. 56 (Viriiichipuram temple inscription, &. 1347 exp.);
ib. 109, Nos. 79, 80 (Ammaiappesvara temple inscriptions, Pada-
vedu, S. 1356 and 1357); ih. 110, No. 81 (Somanathesvara temple
inscription, &. 1371); ib. 160, No. 153 (Jaina temple inscription
from Vijayanagara, & 1349).
The Jam'! Masjid of Ahmadabad finished. — BG. 92.
H. 829. Mubarak Shah II starts for Mevad, and attacks Jallu
and KaddQ, grandsons of Bahadur Nahir, who had fortified
themselves in Andwar. The Sultan destroys the fort, and pursues
them to Alwar where they eventually surrender. — EI. iv, 61.
248 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.I).
1426 H. 829. Ahmad I of Gujarat marches against Idar, drives
the Raja into the hill country, and lays waste his territory. — BG.
110, 111.
12th November, H. 830, 11th Muharram. Mubarak Shall II
reduces Mevad, after which he marches to Biyana. — EI. iv, 62.
1427 February, H. 830, Rabl' II. Muhammad Khan of Biyana
surrenders to Mubarak Shah II who appoints Mukbil Khan to
the fief, and bestows Slkri (Fatehpur Sikri) on Malik Khairu-
d-Din Tuhfah. Mubarak returns to Delhi in Jumada' I, when
he confers Hisar Flruzah on Mahmud Hasan and Multan on
Malik Rajab Nadira.— EI. iv, 62.
H. 831. Muhammad Khan, son of Auhad Khan, taking advantage
of the absence of Mukbil Khan seizes Biyana, and Malik Khairu-d-
Din, unable to defend it, surrenders. Mubarak Shah appoints
Malik Mubariz to Biyana and sends him against Muhammad Khan.
The latter escaping from Biyana, joins Ibrahim Shah Shan p.
Mubarak starts in person for Biyana, but is withheld by news
that Ibrahim was then marching on Kalpi. He sends Malik u-s-
Sharq Mahmud Hasan against Mukhtass Khan, Ibrahim's brother,
who had entered Etawah. The latter, hearing of his approach,
retreats and joins his brother while Mahmud Hasan joins the
royal army.
H. 830. Ahmad I of Gujarat founds the city of Ahmadnagai
on the Hatmati.— BG. 111.
The Reddi dynasty of KondavTdu overthrown by the Muham-
madans.— ASS I. ii, 187.
V. Sam. 1484. The Mitrachatashkakatha composed by Muni-
sundara, the disciple of Devasundara and Jnanasagara. The
Sahasranurnafsmriti is by the same author. — BR. 1883-4, p. 155.
1428
H. 831. Ibrahim Shah retreats before Mubarak to Raprl in
Jumada' I (February-March). They fight near Ohandawar 17th
Jumada* II (April 3rd). Ibrahim returns to Jaunpur. The Sultan
marches to Biyana and besieges Muhammad Khan. Capitulation oi
the latter in Rajab. Mubarak appoints Malik Mahmud Haflan
governor of Biyana and returns to Delhi 15th Sha'ban (30th May).
Kaddu of Mevad seized by Mubarak Shah in Shauwal (July)
and afterwards put to death.
Sarwaru-1-Mulk, sent to Mevad against Jalal Khan and other
chiefs, captures the fort of Alvvar.
a. p. 142S— 1430. 249
A T>.
1428 lik Sikandar Tuhfah having been defeated near Kalanor by-
rat, the Gakkhar. defeats the latter at Kangra, after which he
return* to Labor. — EHL i
H. 831. Pfinja, Raja of Idar, pursued by a party of foragers
belonging to the army of Gujarat, whom he had attacked, falls
a precipice and is killed. — BG. 111.
13th November. II. 832, 4th Safar. Ahmad I of Gujarat
marches against Idar: flight of BIr RSI. Ahmad garrisons the
and returns to Ahmadabad. — BG. 112, note.
^-574 on MSS. and 573 on inscription. Yakshamalla.
of the 3rd Thakuri dynasty of Xepal, son and successor of Jyotir-
malla. Said to have died x.s. 592 = a. t>. 1472. Left three sons,
the eldest and youngest of whom founded two separate dynasties
atgaon and Katmandu, while the second, Ranamala, held
Banepa. — Bendall, BSM. xiii. IA. vii, 91; ix, 184; xiii, 414.
it, Hit*, of XepSl, 189.
Y. Bub. 1485, Udepur inscription. Mokalasimha or Mokalji of
L son and successor of Lakshasiihha. Represented as having
supplanted his brother Chonda in a.d. 1898. — BI. 96.
Citadel of Ahmadabad BTdar founded.— AS WI. iii, 42.
H. 832. Mubarak Shah II makes a progress through Meva$.
Death of Malik Rajah Xadira, amir of Multau. Maliku-s-Sharq
reappointed to the fief with the title of *Iniadu-l-Mulk.
H . $33. Mubarak Shah subdues Gwaliar, after which he defeats
the Raja of Hathkant— EHI. iv, 67 ff.
K. 833. Mubarak Shah takes Rapri and returns in Rajab
April) to Delhi.
Ndim, one of the nobles of the late Khizr Khan.
and governor of Sirhind. Pulad, a Turk-bacha and one of his
g, rebels in Shauwal (June) and fortifies himself in Sirhind.
Mubarak Shah II proceeds thither and summons *Imadu-l-Mulk
( Mahmud Hasan) from Multan. Arrival of the latter in ZH-hij jah.
gotiates with Pulad, but unsuccessfully. The Sultan orders
him in Safar 834 (October-Xovember) to return to Multan and
proceeds himself to Delhi, leaviug Islam Khan, Kamal Khan, and
n to carry on the siege. — EHL iv, 68-70.
H. 833. Muhammad . of Ahmad I of Gujarat, defeats
the combined forces of Kanha, Raja of Jhalawar. and Sultan A^mad
Bahmani near Daulataba ;— ; 1 15, 116.
250 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1430
1431
1432
L.K. 5. Samsarachandra of Kot Kangra succeeds his father
Kannachandra, according to the Kangra Jvalamukhi prasasti. —
EI. i, 191.
January, H. 834, Jumada' I. Shaikh 'All Beg, governor of
Kabul under Shah Rukh Mirza, relieves Pulad at Tabarhindah and
returns through Jalandhara to Lahor. He proceeds to Talwara,
but retreats before the advance of 'Iniadu-1-Mulk. The latter
proceeds 24th Sha'ban (7th May) to Muitan and sends Shah
Liidi against Shaikh 'All, who had in the meantime advanced
thither. Defeat and death of Shah Ludi and occupation of
Khairabad near Muitan by Shaikh 'All 3rd Ram. (15th May).
'All Beg, advancing on Muitan on the 25th of the same month
and again on the 27th, is on both occasions successfully repulsed
by 'Imadu-1-Mulk. The latter, reinforced by Mubarak Shah II,
eventually defeats Shaikh 'All, who flees to Kabul (3rd Zi'1-qa-dah,
13th July).— EHI. iv, 70, 71.
H. 835. Malik Khairu-d-Dm Khan! appointed to Muitan in
place of 'Imadu-1-Mulk (Maliku-s-Sharq Mahmud Hasan). — EHI.
iv, 72.
H. 835. Jasrat, the Gakk'har, defeats and takes prisoner Malik
Sikandar Tuhfah near Jalandhara, after which he lays siege to
Lahor. — 11. 73.
Shaikh 'All meanwhile attacks the frontiers of Muitan and on
the 17th Rabi' I, H. 835 (23rd November), he takes and destroys
the fort of Talamba.
H. 834. Khalf Hasan, Maliku-t-Tajjar, seizes the island of
Mahaim (Bombay) on behalf of Ahmad Shah Bahmanl. Zafar
Khan, son of Ahmad I of Gujarat, sent by his father against him,
defeats him near Thana and recaptures Mahaim.' — BG. 116-118.
H. 835 (836 on coin). Shamsu-d-Din Ahmad Shah, of the
house of Raja Kans, succeeds his father Muhammad Shah as king
of Bengal: till a.d. 1442. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 5, and
Int. xii, xliii.
S. 1353. Rayamukuta writes the Padachandrikd, a commentary
on the Amarakosa. — BR. 1883-4, 61.
H. 835. Rai Eiruz defeated and slain by Pulad, Turk-bacha.
Malik Sarwar sent by Mubarak Shah II against him.
Khan-i-'Azam Nasrat Kb an appointed to Lahor in place of
Maliku-s-Sharq, Shamsu-1-Mulk.
a.d. 1432—1433. 251
Maliku-s-Sharq 'Imadu-1-Mulk sent in Rajab (March) to punish
the rebels in Biyana and Gwaliar.
Jasrat, the Gakk'har, attacks Nasrat Khan in Zi'1-hijjah (August)
at Labor, but is defeated.
September, H. 836, Muharram. Mubarak Shah II marching
from Delhi to Samana is recalled to the capital by the illness of his
mother, Makhduma-i-Jahan, who dies a few days after his arrival.
On rejoining his army he sends Malik Sarwar to besiege Pulad in
the fort of Tabarhindah. At the same time he takes Lahor and
Jalandhara from Nasrat Khan and gives them to Malik Allah-dad,
who no sooner reaches Jalandhara than he is attacked and defeated
by Jasrat, the Gakk'har.
Mubarak Shah proceeds, Rabi' I (October-November), to Mevad,
and prepares to attack Jalal Khan in the fort of Andaru (Andwar ?).
The latter retreats to Kutila. The Sultan devastates Mevad;
submission of Jalal Khan. — EHL iv, 73-5.
H. 835. Ahmad Shah, Bahmani, in revenge for his defeat of
the previous year, ravages Baglanah, near Surat. Ahmad I of
Gujarat leaves Champanir for Nadot and joins Prince Muhammad
Khan at Nandarbar. The Bahmani king, hearing of his approach,
retreats to Kulbarga, leaving an army on the frontier. The King
of Gujarat returns to Ahmadabad. On his way he hears that
Ahmad had attacked Tambol. He proceeds against him and, after
an engagement, the Bahmani king retreats, leaving the Gujaratis
in possession of the fort. — BG. 118-9.
H. 836. The citadel and fort of Ahmadabad Bidar completed. —
BOD. 44. ASWI. iii, 42. See a.d. 1428.
H. 835. Shaikh Azuri (Jalalu-d-Din Hamzah of Khurasan)
visits the Dekkan in the reign of Ahmad Shah I, Bahmani.
Author of the Jawdhiru-l-Asrdr, etc. — BOD. 57, 90.
H. 836. Mubarak Shah II sends Malik Kamalu-1-Mulk to
coerce the rebels in Gwaliar and Etawah and returns himself to
Delhi in Jumada' I (January). News reaching him in the
following month of the capture of Lahor by Shaikh 'All, he
proceeds against him, being joined by 'Imadu-1-Mulk Mahmud
Hasan and other chiefs. He advances to the Ravi and Shaikh 'All
retreats. The royal forces march to Shor, which surrenders in
Ram. (April) after a month's siege.
Surrender of Lahor to Maliku-s-Sharq Sikandar Tuhfah in
Shauwal (May). The latter had shortly before received the fiefs
252 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1433
1434
of Dlbalpur and Jalandhara from the Sultan with the title of
Sbamsu-1-Mulk, but these were subsequently taken from him and
given to 'Imadu-1-Mulk.
The Sultan transfers the office of Diwan-i- Ashraf from Sarwaru-1-
Mulk to Kamalu-1-Mulk, thereby rousing the hostility of the former.
17th Rabi' I, 1st November, H. 837. Mubarak Shah founds the
city of Mubarakabad or Mubarakpur. News reaching him of the
fall of Tabarhindah and death of Pulad, he sets out to restore order
in that district.— E HI. iv, 75-9. BF. i, 527 ff. PK. 332.
March, H. 836, Rajab. Ahmad I of Gujarat sets out on a campaign
against Mevad, Nagaur, and Koliwarah. Reaching Sidhpur he lays
waste towns and villages in all directions and proceeds to Dungarpur,
the Raja of which (Ganesa) submits. Subsequently Ahmad invades
the Rathor country and receives the submission of the Rathor chiefs
of Bind! and Nowlat (Firishtah).— BG. 120-1.
H. 836 or 837. Mirkhond Mir Khawand or Muhammad ibn
Khawand Shah ibn Mahmud, the Persian historian, born. Author
of the Rauzatu-s-Safa. Died 2nd Zi'1-qa'dah, H. 903 = 22nd June,
1498.— BOD. 216. EHI. iv, 127.
January, H. 837, Jumada' II. Mubarak Shah II proceeds with
an army against Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur and Alp Khan Hushang
of Malava, who had broken into hostilities over Kalpi. He reaches
Mubarakabad, where he is murdered 9th Rajab (19th February) at
the instigation of his wazir Sarwaru-1-Mulk. The latter places
Mubarak's nephew, Muhammad Shah IY, on the throne, and the
following day puts to death Malik Su, Amir of Koh, and imprisons
Malik Makhdum, Malik Mukbil, Malik Kanauj, and Malik Blra.
Ranii, slave of Sidhi Pal, sent by Sarwaru-1-Mulk to take possession
of Biyana, is defeated and slain by Yiisuf Khan Auhadl in Sha'ban
(March-April).
Malik Allah-dad Kala (or Kaka), Amir of Sambhal, Ahar Miyan
of Budaun, 'All Gujarat!, and Amir Kambal Turk-bacha form
a league against Sarwaru-1-Mulk, who in Ram. (April) sends
Kamalu-d-Din and Khan-i-'Azam Sayyid Khan against them.
Kamalu-d-Din being secretly hostile to Sarwaru-1-Mulk is joined
by Allah-dad and the other amirs, and together they march on
Delhi. They besiege the fort of Siri, which holds out for three
months.
July, Zi'1-hijjah. Death of Zirak Khan, Amir of Samana. His
fief conferred on his eldest son Muhammad Khan.
a.d. 1434—1437.
253
14th August, H. 838, 8th Muharram. Sarwaru-1-Mulk intending
to assassinate Muhammad Shah IV, is himself slain, and Kamalu-
d-Din, at the invitation of Muhammad, enters the city. The Sultan
appoints him wazir ; bestows the fiefs of Amroha and Budaun
on Malik Jiman, with the title of Ghaziu-1-Mulk ; confers the fief
of Hisar FirQzah, with the title of Iqbal Khan, on Malik Khunraj
Mubarak Khani ; and makes Maliku-s-Sharq Haji Shudani governor
of the capital. He then sets out for Multan, reaching Mubara-
kabad, on his way thither, in Rabi' II (November). — EM. iv,
79-84. BF. i, 532 ff. PK. 334 ff.
H. 838. Muhammad Ghazni Khan, Ghiiri, of Malava, succeeds
his father Hushang : till a.d. 1436. — BMC, Muhammadan States,
p. 114, Int. liii. BF. iv, 189 ff.
Y. Sam. 1490. The Panchadanddtapachattrabandha composed by
Ramachandra. — Weber, Catal. ii, 166.
&. 1356. The astronomer Gahgadhara flourished. — Ganakata-
rahgini, ed. Sudhakara. The Pandit, ir.s., xiv, p. 170.
February, H. 838, Rajab. 'Alau-d-Dm Ahmad Shah II, Bahmani
of Kulbarga, succeeds his father Ahmad I: till H. 862 = a.d. 1458.
— BMC, Muhammadan States, 146, Int. lxvi. PK. 345. BF.
ii, 417.
V. Sam. 1491. Silaratnasuri, pupil of Jayakirti, writes a com-
mentary on Merutuhga's Meghaduta, at Anhilvad. — PR. iv, Ind. cxx.
H. 840. Muhammad Shah IY sends an army against Jasrat,
the Gakk'har, and ravages his country. — EM. iv, 85.
16th May, H. 839, 29th Shauwal. Muhammad Ghazni Khan,
of Malava, murdered by his wazir, Mahmud Khalji, who succeeds
him as first of the Khalji dynasty of Malava. Flight of Prince
Ma'sud Khan of Malava to Gujarat. — BMC, Muhammadan States,
114, Int. lxvi. BF. iv, 193 ff.
Y. Sam. 1492. Jinamandanasuri completes the Kumurapdlaeharita,
a life of Kumarapala of Gujarat. — BR. 1883-4, 17.
IA.vi, 180.
H. 841. Ahmad Shah I of Gujarat besieges Mahmud Khalji
of Malava in Manclu. His son Muhammad Khan gains possession
of Sarangpur. 'IJmar Khan, son of Hushang Shah, raises a revolt
in ChanderL— BG. 123.
21st September, H. 841, 20th Rabi' I. Death of ]STasir Khan
of Khandesh. His son MTran 'Adil Khan I succeeds him: till
H. 844=a.d. 1441.—PMD. 315.
254 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1438
1440
H. 842. Mahmud Khalji of Malava leaving Mandu marches to
Sarangpur; defeats Malik Haji of Gujarat. 'Umar Khan, marching
from Chanderi, is defeated and slain by Mabmud at Sarangpur.
A pestilence, possibly cholera, breaks out in Ahmad Shah's army
and compels him to return to Gujarat. — BG. 123-5.
H. 842. Restoration of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty in Bengal by
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud Shah I. The date hitherto accepted for
this event is H. 846, but Dr. Hoernle has discovered a coin of
Mahmud bearing the date H. 842 which proves that H. 846
is too late for his initial date. His reign may have begun even
earlier, since native historians say it lasted twenty-seven or
thirty-two years.— IB A. xlii, pt. 1, 269 ; lxii, pt. 1, 232 ff. BMC,
Muhammadan States, p. 6.
V. Sam. 1494, 1496, Nagada and Ranapura inscriptions. Kumbha-
karna of Mevad son and successor of Mokalji. — BI. 112, 113.
Mandana, an architect and author of the Rdjavallabhamandana
and the Vdstumandana, nourished under Kumbha. — BR. 1882-3, 37.
H. 842. Death of Shaikh Ruknu-d-DIn, according to the
Mirat-i-Ahmadi, which mentions him as one of the holy men
buried at Nahrwalah (Anhilvad), and says he was fifth in descent
from Shaikh Farid Ganj-i-Shakar. — BG. 126 and note.
Y. Sam. 1494. Jinakirti, pupil of Somasundara, composes the
commentary on his Namashdrastava. Author also of the Ddna-
kalpadruma, the &ripdlagopdlakatte, and the Dhanyasdlicharitra
(composed probably Y. Sam. 1497). — PR. iv, Ind. xxxiii.
&. 1360. Makaranda (Marakanda?), the astronomer, flourished.
— Ganahatarahgim, ed. Sudhakara, The Pandit, n.s., xiv, 172.
H. 844. Mahmud Khalji of Malava marches against Delhi.
Buhlul Ludi sent against him by Muhammad Shah IY. A battle
takes place, after which Muhammad makes proposals of peace.
Mahmud Khalji, hearing that Ahmad Gujarat! was marching on
Mandu, accepts these and returns home. — EHI. iv, 85.
H. 844 (844-63 on coins and inscriptions). Mahmud Shah,
Sharqi, succeeds his father Ibrahim Shah as king of Jaunpur. —
BMC, Muhammadan States, 88, 95 ff., Int. xlix ff. JBA. xlii,
pt. 1, 305 ff.
&. 1362, 1383. Dadagaon copper-plates of Kalyanachandra,
probably a member of the Chand dynasty of Kumaun. — A.SNI.
ii, 48.
a.d. 1440—1443.
255
1443
V. Saih. 1497, 1510, inscriptions from Suhaniya, Gwaliar.
Duhgarendradeva, Tomara of Gwaliar. — JBA. xxxi, 404, 422 ff.
CASH, ii, 400. JBA. viii, 693 ff.
H. 845. Buhlul Ludi appointed to Dibalpiir and Lahor by
Muhammad Shah 1Y and sent against Jasrat, the Gakk'har. The
latter makes peace with Buhlul, who, aspiring to the throne,
marches against Delhi, which he besieges though unsuccessfully. —
EI. iv, 85-6.
H. 845. Mahmud Khan of Malava, intending to march against
Chitor, turns aside and proceeds to Kalpi against Nasir Khan, who
had assumed independence. jSasir Khan submits, and Mahmud
continuing his march, reduces a strong fort belonging to Kumbha-
karna of Mevad, after which he proceeds to Chitor. — BF. iv, 207 ff.
30th April, H. 844, 8th Zi'1-hijjah. Murder of Miran 'Adil
Khan I, of Khandesh, at Burhanpur. His son Miran Mubarak
Khan I succeeds him : till a.d. 1457.— BF. iv, 296.
12th August, H. 846, 4th Babi< II. Ahmad Shah I of Gujarat
dies, and is succeeded by his son Muhammad Karim Shah: till
a.d. 1451. — BG. 125. BMC, Muhammadan States, 132, Int.
lviii, lxi.
$. 1364. Death of Raghunathatlrtha, twelfth High Priest of
the Madhva sect.— BE,. 1882-3, 204.
H. 847. Muhammad Shah IV of Delhi dies, and is succeeded
by his son 'Alau-d-Din ibn Muhammad 'Alim Shah : till a.d. 1451.
—BMC, Sultans of Delhi, 4, 96. PK. 336. EHI. iv, 86.
26th April, H. 846, 25th Zi'1-hijjah. Kumbhakarna of Mevad
attacks Mahmud Shah of Malava and, according to Firishtah, is
defeated with great loss. According to Thomas, Kumbha won
a great victory over the combined armies of Malava and Gujarat
in a.d. 1440, in honour of which he erected his pillar of victory
at Chitor.— BF. iv, 210. PK. 354.
H. 847. Shaikh Yusuf establishes himself as king in Multan.
—BOD. 422-3.
H. 847. Devaraya II of Vijayanagara invades the Bahmani
kingdom. He besieges Mudkul and plunders the country as far as
Sagur and Bljapur. 'Alau-d-Din Ahmad Shah, Bahmani, marches
against him. Several engagements take place and Devaraya, at
first successful, is eventually forced to conclude a treaty with the
256 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
Bahmani king, by the terms of which he agrees to pay him an
annual tribute. — BF. ii, 432 ff.
April, H. 846, Zi'1-hijjah. 'Abdu-r-Razzaq arrives at Yijaya-
nagara on an embassy to Devaraya II from Sultan Shah Rukh of
Samarqand. He remains until 5th December (12th Kha'ban, 847).
— EHI. iv, 95, etc. IA. xx, 301. ASSI. iii, 161.
Y. Sam. 1500, inscription in the reign of Guhila Sarahgaji at
Mahowa.— BI. 162.
H. 849. Qutbu-d-Din Mahnmd Langah deposes and succeeds
Shaikh Yusuf as king of Multan.— BOD. 321.
H. 849. Muhammad Karim of Gujarat subdues Idar and Bagar.
Birth of his son Fath Khan, afterwards Mahmud Baiqarah, on the
20th Ramazan (20th December).— BG. 129.
H. 849. 'Abdu-l-'AzIz writes and dedicates to Ahmad Shah II,
Bahmani, the Tarikh-i-IIusaini, containing the life of the famous
Sadru-d-Din Muhammad Husaini Gesu-Daraz who is buried at
Kulbarga.— BOD. 3.
H. 850. 'Alim Shah of Delhi sets out for Samana, but hearing
that Mahmud Shah of Jaunpiir was marching to Delhi he returns
to the capital.— EHI. iv, 86. BF. i, 540.
H. 850. Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud Shah I, Ilyas Shahl of Bengal,
removes his capital to Gaur. Later on, owing to the unhealthy
site of the latter, Tandah is made the capital. — JBA. xlii, pt. 1,213.
7th January, H. 849, 8th Shauwal. Death of Shaikh Ahmad
Khattu of Gujarat. His Memoir, the Malfuzat Shaikh Ahmad
Magkrabi, was written by Muhammad Ansar. — BOD. 41, 261.
BG. 90.
H. 851. Buhlul Ludl invades Delhi a second time, but again
unsuccessfully.— BF. i, 541. PK. 338.
H. 852. Sultan 'Alim Shah removes his capital to Budaun
against the advice of his ministers. He disgraces his wazir Hamid
Khan who conspires with Buhlul Ludl for the Sultan's deposition.
—EHI. iv, 87.
Y. Sam. 1505. Chachikadeva, of the Bhatti dynasty of Jesalmir,
reigning. A Khar atarapattuv all in the temple at Jesalmir is dated
in this year during his reign. — BR. 1883-4, 152.
a.d. 1448—1451
257
A.D.
1448
1449
1450
U50
1451
&. 1370. Jonaraja of Kashmir writes his commentary on the
Kir&tarjunlya, in the reign of Zainu-l-'Abidln of Kashmir.
Author also of commentaries on the Prithvirajavijaya and &rikan-
thacharita and of a Pajatarahgini, written in continuation of
Kalhana's and brought down to a.d. 1412.
&iivara, a pupil of Jonaraja and author of the KatMkautuka,
the Jainatarangm?, and of a Subhdshitdvali, belongs to the same
period. He continued the Rdjatarahgini of his master, bringing
it down to the year a.d. 1477.— BR. 1883-4, 54. Sbhv. 43.
AC. 107, 674. BKR. 61.
Y. Sam. 1504. Somachandra, pupil of Ratnasekhara (q.v., a.d.
1401), writes the KatMmahodadhi. — PR. iv, Ind. cxxxiv.
H. 853. Muhammad Karim of Gujarat besieges Champanir.
Mahmud Khalji of Malava marches to the relief of the Raja
(Gangadasa). Muhammad Karim raises the siege and retreats
towards Ahmadabad— BG. 130. IA. i, 1 ff.
A Mughal invasion of Orissa said to have occurred in this year.
— JBA. lii, pt. 1, 233.
Y.jSam. 1506. Jayachandrasuri, a pupil of Somasundara, writes the
Pratikramanavidhi. — PR. iv, Ind. xxx. Weber, Catal. ii, No. 1955.
V. Sam. 1506. Ramachandracharya composes the Kundamanda-
._Weber, Catal. i, pp. 319, 320. AC. 513.
V. Sarii. 1507. Junagadh inscription of Mandalika Y, Chudasama
of Girnar.— AS. Reps., jSTo. 2, p. 14.
Maulana 'All flourished. Author of the Ma'asir Mahmvdl,
dedicated to Sultan Mahmud Shah Khalji of Malava.— BOD. 248.
Ramachandra, author of the Prakriyakaumudi and the Kula-
nirnayadipika, flourished. — BR. 1883-4, 59, 60.
19th April, H. 855, 17th Rabi' I. Buhlul LudI deposes and
succeeds 'Alim Shah of Delhi as first of the Path an or Afghrn
line of Sultans: tillH. 894 = a.d. 1489.— BMC, Sultans of Delhi, 4,
and Int. xxxvi. PK. 357.
H. 855. Mahmud Khalji of Malava invades Gujarat. Mu-
hammad Karim attempting to flee is poisoned 10th Muharram
(12th February). His son Qutb Shah or Qutbu-d-Dln succeeds
him on the 11th of the same month, and in Safar (March) of the
same year defeats Mahmud Khalji at Kapadvanaj. — BG. 133-146.
BF. iv, 36. IA. viii, 183.
17
258 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.D.
1451
1453
1455
1456
V. Sam. 1508. The scribe Lumpaka founds the Luinpakaruata
sect of the Jains.— BR. 1883-4, 145.
H. 857. Mahmud Khalji of Malava sets out to attack Nagaur,
but retreats.— BG. 148.
5. 1375, 1387. Mallikarjuna of Vijayanagara, son and successor
of Devaraya II.— IA. xxi, 321 ff. MGO. 1892, 544, 13.
The Turks conquer Constantinople ; and by the expulsion of the
Genoese from Pera, the Venetians enjoy the whole trade with the
East : Constantinople being no longer a mart for produce, nor open
to the countries of the West. — Gleig, History of the British Empire
in India.
6. 1377. Ganganaii copper-plate of Narachandra of the Chand
dynasty of Kumaun.' — ASNI. ii, 48.
5. 1377. Tanjavur temple inscription of Tirumalaideva, possibly
to be identified with Timma, the founder of the Second Dynasty
of Yijayanagara.— ASSI. iv, 117. MGO. 1892, 13 (inscription of
&. 1385).
6. 1377, copper-plate of Ganadeva of Kondavidu, son of Guhi-
devapatra and grandson of Chandradeva. Possibly a descendant
of Kapila Gajapati of Orissa, though Hultzsch inclines to make
the latter his contemporary. — I A. xx, 390.
H. 860. Kumbhakarna having attacked Nagaur, Qutbu-d-Dm
of Gujarat invades Mevad and defeats Kumbha at Kumbhalmir.
He invests the fort, and Kumbha eventually submitting, Qutbu-d-
Dm returns to his capital. Malik Sha'ban 'Imadu-1-Mulk having
been sent meanwhile to recover the fort of Abu in the interest
of the Raja of Sirohi, is defeated with great loss and forced to
retreat.— BG. 149. BP. iv, 40.
H. 860. Death at Saharanpur of Is-haq Maulana, a learned
Musalman. He was a native of Uchh and a pupil of his uncle
Sayyid Sadru-d-DIn Raju Qattal.— BOD. 181.
H. 860. Death of Shaikh Piruz. He wrote a poem on the
war between Buhlul Ludi of Delhi and Husain Sharql of Jaunpur,
and was the grandfather of Shaikh Rizqu-llah Mushtaqi (q.v.,
a.d. 1492).— EHI. iv, 535.
Chandupandita, son of Aliga and pupil of Yaidyanatha and
Narasimha, writes the Naishadhlyadlpaka, under Sahga, chief of
Dholka.— AC. 177.
a.d. 1457—1459. 259
A.D.
1457
1458
1459
H. 861. Qutbu-d-DIn of Gujarat and Mahmud Khalji of
Malava attack Kumbha of Mevad. According to his own state-
ment on the Pillar of Victory the Rana gained the day and took
Mahmud prisoner. The 3£irat-i-Sikandarl, however, states that
Qutbu-d-Din first reduced Abu and then captured Chitor. — BG.
150-1. PK. 354.
H. 861 (861-3 on coins). Muhammad Shah, Sharqi, becomes
joint king of Jaunpiir with his father Mahmud. — BMC, Muham-
madan States, 88, 102 ff., Int. xlix ff.
5th June, H. 861, 12th Rajab. Death of Miran Mubarak I of
Khandesh. His son 'Adil Khan II succeeds him: till a.d. 1503.
— PMD. 315. BF. iv, 297.
The Kumasamuha composed by Ananta, son of Mandana. — AC.
14. AOC. 218, n. 2.
H. 862. Kumbha of Mevad, having broken the peace of the
previous year and invaded JNTigaur, Qutbu-d-Dm of Gujarat marches
to Sirohi, and thence to Mevad which he ravages. According to
the Tab. Ahbarl, the Raja of Sirohi fled at his approach and, after
destroying the town, Qutbu-d-Din invaded Mevad and besieged
Kumbha in Kumbhalmir. Finding the fort impossible to take,
he afterwards raised the siege and marched to Chitor where, after
ravaging the neighbouring districts, he returned to Ahmadabad. —
BG. 151-2. BF. iv, 43.
H. 862 (863, 865 on coins). 'Alau-d-Dm Humayun Shah,
BahmanI, succeeds his father Ahmad Shah II: till a.d. 1461. —
BMC, Muhammadan States, 146, 153, Int. lxvi. BF. ii, 452.
V. Sam. 1514. Lakshmmivasa, son of Sriranga and pupil of
Ratnaprabhasuri, writes his Sishyahitaishini Meghadutatiha. — AC
539. Weber, Catal. ii, 144.
Y. Sam. 1514. Hemahamsa, pupil of Ratnasekhara, writes
a commentary on Udayaprabhadeva's Arambhasiddhi. — Weber,
Catal. ii, No. 1741.
H. 863, Rajab. Death of Qutbu-d-Din of Gujarat. His uncle
Da'ud Shah succeeds but, after reigning seven days, is deposed and
succeeded 1st Sha'ban (3rd June) by Mahmud Shah I, Baiqarah,
who reigns till a.d. 1511.— BMC. 132, 135. JBA. 1889, pp. 5, 6.
BG. 153. BF. iv, 43.
H. 863. Husain Shah ibn Mahmud succeeds his brother Mu-
hammad Shah of Jaunpur: till a.d. 1476. — BMC, Muhammadan
States, pp. 88, 104 ff. ; Int. Ii, lii. BF. iv, 375.
260 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
im
1465
H. 864 (860-878 on inscriptions and coins). Ruknu-d-Din
Baxbak Shah, Ilyas Shahi, succeeds his father Mahmud Shah I of
Bengal: till a.d. 879 =a.d. 1474. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 6,
Int. xii, xliii.
28th December, H. 866, 25th Rabi' I. Jam Nizamu-d-Dm or
Nanda, of the Samma dynasty of Sindh, succeeds Jam San jar. He
was contemporary with Sultan Husain Langah of Multan (a.d.
1469). Towards the end of his reign he defeated an army sent
against him by Shah Beg from Qandahar. — EHI. i, 233.
5. 1383, Dadagaon copper-plates of Harischandra and Pratapa-
chandra, members of the Chand dynasty of Kumaun. — ASNI. ii, 48.
September, H. 865, Zi'1-qa'dah. Humayun Shah, Bahmani,
assassinated by his servants. His son Nizam Shah succeeds : till
a.d. 1463. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 146. BF. ii, 464.
H. 866. Mahmud Baiqarah marches to the relief of Nizam
Shah, Bahmani, against Mahmud Khalji of Malava. In the mean-
time Mahmud defeats Nizam Shah near Bidar, but hearing of
Mahmud Baiqarah' s approach, he retreats to his own country. —
BG. 175-7. BF. ii, 468.
H. 867. Mahmud Khalji of Malava again invades the Dekkan,
ravaging the country as far as Daulatabad, but retires on the
advance of Mahmud Baiqarah to Nandarbar. — BG. 178.
July 30th, H. 867, 13th Zrl-qa'dah. Death of Nizam Shah,
Bahmani. His brother Muhammad Shah II (or III) succeeds him :
till a.d. 1482.— BF. ii, 476. BMC, Muhammadan States, 146.
H. 869. Mahmud Baiqarah reduces Bawar and receives the
submission of the Raja. — BG. 178.
V. Sam. 1520. Birth of Aniruddha,. son of Bhavasarman and
author of a commentary on Satananda's Bhasvatikarana (&. 1417).
—BR. 1883-4, 82.
Sakalakirti, author of the Tattvarthamradipaka, probably
flourished, since a pupil of his successor, Bhuvanakirti, wrote in
V. Sam. 1560, and &ubhachandra, fourth High Priest of the sect
after Sakalakirti, wrote in V. Sam. 1608 and 1613.— BR. 1883-4, 106.
6. 1387, inscription from Little Kaiichi of Mallikarjuna, son
and successor of Devaraya II of Vijayanagara.— I A. xxi, 321-2.
a.d. 1465—1472. 261
A.D.
1465
1466
1468
1469
1470
U70
1471
1472
Y. Sam. 1521. 6ubasilagani, pupil of Munisundara and of
LakshmTsagara, writes the Panchasatlprabodhammlandha. Author
also of the SnutripancMsika. — PR. iv, Ind. cxxi.
H. 871. Mahmiid Baiqarah besieges Junagadh (Girnar), but
does not take the fort.— BG. 181-6.
6. 1390. Dadagaon copper-plate of Sutiranamalla, Raja of
Kumaun.— ASM. ii, 48.
H. 874. Husain Langah of Multan succeeds his father
Qutbu-d-Dln Mahmud Langah. — BOD. 165.
Nanak, founder of the Sikhs, born at Talwandi near Lahor.
He died in a.d. 1538. No trustworthy account of his life exists. —
JBA. 1(1881), p. 72.
&. 1391. Tyarsau copper-plate of Bharatachandra of the Chand
dynasty of Kumaun. — ASNI. ii, 49.
&. 1392. Yirupaksha I of Vijayanagara, son of Devaraya II and
brother and successor of Mallikarjuna. — IA. xx, 321 ff.
Kshemahkara, a contemporary of Jayachandra or Jayasundara,
and perhaps the author of the Jaina version of the Simhasanadca-
tririisikd, flourished. — IA. xi, 256, n. 65.
H. 876. Mahmud Baiqarah captures the fort of Junagadh
(Girnar), and confers on the Raja Mandalika the title of Khan-i-
Jahan. Firishtah represents him as invading Kachh in the same
year and reducing the inhabitants to submission. — BG. 193. BF.
iv, 57-8.
H. 876. Malik Suhrab Hot, coming from Kachh Makran, enters
the service of Husain Langah of Multan, who gives him land on
both sides of the Indus nearly corresponding with the present
district of Dera Ismail Khan. — JBA. xl, 11.
H. 876. Muhammad Shah III, BahmanI, subdues Orissa. —
BF. ii, 487.
H. 877. Mahmud Baiqarah invades Sindh a second time and
defeats an army of Hindu zammdars. — BG. 195.
H. 877. The Hindu governors of Belgaum and Bankapur march
to retake the island of Goa at the instigation of the Kaja of
Vijayanagara. Muhammad Shah BahmanI III proceeds to Belgaum
which surrenders after a short siege. — BF. ii, 491 if.
262 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A D.
1472
1473
1474
1475
Nep. Sam. 592. Jayarayamalla, eldest son of Yakshamalla of
Nepal, establishes himself, on his father's death, at Bhatgaon, his
immediate successors being : Suvarnamalla, Pranamalla, Visva-
malla, Trailokyamalla, and Jagajjyotirmalla or Jayajyotirnialla.
Ratnamalla, youngest son of Yakshamalla, founds a separate
dynasty at Katmandu. He is said to have defeated in
N. Sam. 611=a.d. 1491, the Thakuris of Navakot and later, with
the aid of Sina, king of Palpa, the Bhotiyas (Tibetans). His
immediate successors were : Amaramalla, Suryamalla, Narendra-
malla, Mahindramalla, Sadasivanialla, and &vasimhamalla. — IA.
xiii, 415.
H. 878. Mahmud Baiqarah takes Jagat (Dwarka) and Sankhodar
and destroys Bhima, the Raja of Jagat. — BG. 195 ff.
S. 1395-1418, Yirinchipuram inscriptions. Immadi-Narasimha-
raya Maharayar (of Vijayanagara) reigning. Son of Isvara. —
ASSI. iii, 131, Nos. 115, 116; ib. 132, No. 119.
January-February, H. 878, Ram. Mahmud Baiqarah ravages
Champanir.— BG. 200.
H. 879 (879 ?-885 on coins and inscriptions). Shamsu-d-Dln
Yusuf Shah, Ilyas Shahi, succeeds his father Barbak as king of
Bengal: till a.d. 1481. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 6, Int. xii,
xliii.
5th December, H. 880, 6th Sha'Mn. Birth of Khalll Khan,
fourth son of Mahmud Baiqarah, and his eventual successor as
Muzaffar Shah II. Firishtah gives the date of his birth as 20th
Sha'ban, H. 875.— BG. 239. BF. iv, 79.
H. 880 (880-905 on coins). Ghiyas Shah, Khalji of Malava,
succeeds his father Mahmud Shah I : till a.d. 1500. — BMC,
Muhammadan States, Int. liii.
H. 880. Khondamir, the historian, born at Hirat. He was the
son of Amir Khawand Shah (Mirkhond) and author of the
Khulasatu-l-AHibar (H. 904), the Hablbu-s-siyar, etc. Compelled
in H. 933 = a.d. 1526-7 to quit Hirat, he visited Hindustan with
Maulana Shihabu-d-Din and Mirza Ibrahim Qanuni, arriving at
Agra 4th Muharram, H. 935 (18th September, 1528). He remained
at Babar's court and died in H. 942 (a.d. 1535) on an expedition
to Mandu on which he had accompanied the Emperor. — BOD. 217.
H. 880. Death of Shaikh Shah 'Alini of Gujarat, son of the
Sayyid Burhanu-d-Dm Bukhari.— BG. 198.
a.d. 1477—1481. 263
A.D.
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
V. Sam. 1533 (or 1531 according to others). Rise of the Vesha-
dhara sect of the Jains (a branch of the Lumpakas) under Bhanaka.
—BR. 1883-4, 145, 153-4.
H. 883. 'Alau-d-Din ibn Muhammad 'Alim Shah, ex-Sultan of
Delhi, dies at Budaun whither he had retired on Buhlul's accession
to the throne.— BF. i, 543. PK. 339.
H. 884. Amir Zu'n-Nun, governor of Ghiir, Zamin-i-Dawar, and
Qandahar under Sultan Husain Mirza of Khurasan, subdues the
warlike tribes of Hazara and Takdari. Being made absolute ruler
of Ghur and the other provinces by the Sultan, he later on estab-
lishes his independence there. — EHI. i, 303.
&. 1401-8. Rajasekhara of Vijayanagara, son of Mallikarjuna.
—EI. iii, 36.
V. Sam. 1535. Vallabha, the Yaishnava reformer, said to have
been born.— BR. 1883-4, 76.
H. 885. Khudawand Khan forms a plot to place Prince Ahmad,
son of Mahmud Baiqarah of Gujarat, on the throne, but it fails. —
BG. 201 ff. For a somewhat different version of the same event,
see BF. iv, 62 ff.
11th May, Kollam era 655. Yarkkalai inscription of King
Martanda— EI. iv, 203.
H. 886. Sikandar Shah II, Ilyas Shahi, succeeds his father
Yusuf Shah of Bengal. Reigns two days and a half, when he
is succeeded by his grand-uncle Jalalu-d-Din Fath Shah, who
reigns till a.d. 1487 (coin and inscriptional dates H. 886-92). —
BMC, Muhammadan States, 6, Int. xii, xliii.
5th April, H. 886, 5th Safar. Mahmud Gawan, Maliku-t-Tajjar,
Kbwajah Jahan, falsely accused of a plot against his master, the
Bahmani Sultan Muhammad Shah II, is executed by the latter.
Mahmud Gawan had been wazlr to Nizam Shah, Bahmani, and
under Muhammad held the office of Wakilu-s-Sultdnat. He was
the author of the Rauzatu-l-Insha and other poems. — BF. ii, 505 ff.
BOD. 231. BG. 217.
H. 886. 'Abdu-1-Karirn, Sindhl, flourished. He served under
Mahmud Gawan and wrote the Tdnkh-i-Mahtnud-ShuM, a history
of Mahmud Shah II, Bahmani. — BOD. 5.
264 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
A.I).
1482 H. 887. A Gujarat! expedition to Champanir under Malik Sida.
having failed, Mahmud Baiqarah determines in Zi'1-qa'dah to invade
the district.— BG. 207.
Birth of Zahiru-d-Dm Muhammad Babar, founder of the
Mughal Empire in India: died a.d. 1530. — EHI. iv, 219.
22nd March, H. 887, 1st Safar. Death of Muhammad Shah II
(or III), BahmanI ; his son Mahmud Shah II succeeds him : till
a.d. 1518.— BF. ii, 518.
3rd February, &. 1403. Jambukesvara inscription of the chieftain
Yalaka-Kamaya or Akkalaraja, probably a feudatory of one of the
later kings of the First Yijayanagara dynasty. Though claiming
to be the rightful successor of the Cholas, his real connection with
the dynasty is doubtful. — EI. iii, 72.
1483
1484
1485
1487
17th March, II. 888, 7th Safar. Mahmud Baiqarah invests
Champanir.— BG. 208-210.
&. 1405. Viriipaksha II of Yijayanagara, son of Mallikarjuna.
— MGO. 1892, No. 544, p. 13. EI. iii, 36, 72, note.
24th November, H. 889, 5th Zi'1-qa'dah. Mahmud Baiqarah
captures Champanir. — BG. 210. IA. vi, 4.
Y. Sam. 1540. The Hammirakavya composed. — JBA. 1886, 24.
H. 890. Mahmud Baiqarah puts to death the Raja of ChampanTr.
In the same year he founds the city of Muhammadabad on the site
of Champanir. — BG. 211, 212. IA. vi, 4.
H. 890. Fath- Allah, governor of Berar, assumes independence
of the kingdom of Kulbarga — BOD. 132.
S. 1407. Chaitanya, the Yaishnava reformer, born at Nadiya
in Bengal. Died a.d. 1527. — BR. 1883-4, 76. JRAS., n.s.,
xiv, 305.
H. 892. Barbak murders and succeeds Fath Shah of Bengal,
assuming the title of Shahzadah. He is slain shortly afterwards and
succeeded by Saifu-d-Dm Firuz Shah II, who reigns till a.d. 1489.
Coins of the latter are dated H. 893 and 895. — BMC, Ifuhammadan
States, 6, Int. xiii.
H. 892. Barbak Shah ibn Buhlul of Delhi appointed governor
of Jaunpur on its reannexation to the Empire : removed H. 899
= a.d. 1493. Coin dates H. 892 and 898.— BMC, Muhammadan
States, 88, 112.
a.d. 1487—1490. 265
A.D.
1487
1488
1489
1490
U90
Ahmad NizFim. Shah Bahri, while hesieging the fort of
Dundrajpur, receives news of his father's death, when he returns
and assumes the titles of the deceased. He subsequently became
independent and founded the Mzam Shahi dynasty of the Dekkan.
—BOD. 41.
H. 892. Mahmud Baiqarah appoints his son Prince Khalil Khan
(afterwards Muzaffar II) governor of Sorath and Junagadh. —
BG. 216.
H. 892. The Raja of Sirohi plunders a party of Gujarati
merchants. They appeal to Mahmiid, who proceeding against the
Raja, forces him to give them redress. — BG. 217.
Bikaji or Bhlkaji, son of Jodha, begins to rule at Bikanir as
first of the Bikanir Raj. See Appendix.
1st July, H. 894, 2nd Sha'ban. Death of Buhlul Ludi of Delhi.
His son Sikandar II succeeds him: till a.d. 1517. — BMC,
Sultans of Delhi, 4. EHI, iv, 444.
H. 895. Nasiru-d-Dm Mahmud Shah II, Ilyas Shahi, succeeds
Flriiz Shah, HabshI, as king of Bengal: till H. 896 = a.d. 1490.—
BMC, Muhammadan States, p. 6.
V. Sam. 1545. Udepur inscription. Rajamalla of Mevad, son
and successor of Kumbhakarna, whom he is said to have succeeded
in a.d. 1474.— BI. 117.
H. 895. Yusuf 'Ada Shah founds the 'Adil Shahi dynasty of
Bljapur.— JBA. 1883, 40. PMD. 321.
23rd May, H. 895, 3rd Rajab. Ahmad Mzam Shah Bahri defeats
Sultan Mahmud Shah II, Bahmani, assumes independence, and
founds the Nizam Shahi dynasty of the Dekkan: till a.d. 1508.
—BOD. 41.
H. 896. Shamsu-d-Dm Abu-n-Nasr Muzaffar Shah succeeds
Nasiru-d-Dln Mahmud Shah II in Bengal. — BMC, Muhammadan
States, p. 6.
The Hindi poet Kablr flourished about this date, being con-
temporary with Sikandar Shah Ludi of Delhi. — BOD. 204.
The Oriya poet, Din Krishna Das, author of the Rasakallola,
probably flourished, being a contemporary of Purushottamadeva
of Orissa (said to have reigned a.d. 1478-1503). — I A. i, 215 ff.
266 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D
1492
1493
1494
UH
1495
1496
1497
H. 897. Sikandar II of Delhi conquers Bihar and dispossesses
Husain Sharqi of Jaunpur. — PK. 365.
H. 897. Q,asim Band Shah rebels against Mahmud Shah II,
Bahmanl, and founds the Band Shah! dynasty of the Dekkan : till
a.d. 1504.— PMD. 321.
H. 897. Shaikh Rizqu-llah MushtaqI born: author of the
WaWat-i-Mush-taql. — EHI. iv, 534.
H. 899. Bahadur Gilani defeated and slain by the troops of
Mahmud Bahnianl.— BG. 218-20.
H. 899 (899-925 on coins and inscriptions). 'Alau-d-Dm Husain
Shah defeats Muzaffar Shah, Habshl, of Bengal, at Gaur and
succeeds him. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 6, Int. p. xiii.
H. 899. Alaf Khan, ruler of Morasah, having rebelled, Mahmud
Baiqarah proceeds to Morasah against him. On the Sultan's ap-
proach Alaf Khan flees to Ghiyasu-d-Din Khalji, but is refused
shelter. Subsequently Mahmud pardons him. — BG. 220.
Srutasagara, the Jain, flourishes : author of the Tattvdrthadtpikd.
—BR. 1883-4, 117.
H. 900. Ahmad Nizam Shah Bahri founds the city of Ahmad-
nagar.— BOD. 41-2.
8. 1417. Aniruddha, son of Bhavasarman, writes a commentary
on &atananda's Bhasvatlkarana. — BR. 1883-4, p. 82.
"Wednesday, 13th January, Laksh. Sam. 376. The Ganga-
krityaviveka composed in the reign of Ramabhadra, son of Hari
Narayana or Bhairavasimha of Mithila. — JRAS., n.s., xx, 554.
H. 901. Mahmud Baiqarah marches against Idar and Bagar,
and after exacting tribute returns to Delhi. In the same year
he pardons Alaf Khan.— BF. iv, 72. BG. 220.
V. Sam. 1553. Padmamandiragani writes his vritti on the Rishi-
mandalaprakarana. — BR. 1883-4, 138.
20th November. The Portuguese navigator Yasco da Gama
doubles the Cape of Good Hope, arriving on the 22nd May, 1499,
at Calicut on the Malabar Coast and returning by the Cape to
Lisbon in September of the same year. — Gleig's History of the
British Empire in India. JBRAS. xii, 68. JBA. 1873, 193.
a.d. 1497—1503.
267
A.D.
1497
1498
1499
1500
1502
1503
S. 1419. Death of Raghuvaryatirtha,
of the Madhva sect.— BR. 1882-3, 204.
thirteenth High Priest
H. 904. Husain Shah of Bengal having reduced the rajas of the
districts as far as Orissa, invades Assam, subduing it as far as
KarnarQpa, Kamtah, and other districts. The Raja of the country
retreats to the mountains and Husain, leaving his son Prince
Danyal with a large army to settle the country, returns to Bengal.
The following rainy season the Raja issues from the hills and
Danyal and his forces are cut to pieces. — JBA. xli, pt. 1, 79, 335 ;
ib. xlii, pt. 1, 240. BMC, Muhammadan States, xxix.
H. 904. Mahmud Baiqarah invades Aslr to enforce tribute from
'Adil Khan Faruqi, who sends tribute.
H. 905. Husain Shah ibn Mahmud, king of Jaunpur, dies in
Bengal, whither he had fled in a.d. 1476. — BMC, Muhammadan
States, 88. PMD. 309.
H. 906 (906-15 on coins). Nasir Shah, Khaljl of Malava,
succeeds his father Ghiyas Shah. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 114,
Int. liii. BG. 221.
S. 1422, copper-plate from Paii near Champavat of Klrtichandra
of Kumaun. — ASNI. ii, 48.
13th September. In consequence of Yasco da Gama's success,
a Portuguese expedition under Pedro Alvarez Cabral arrives at
Calicut; formed the first European factory in India at that place
and returned to Lisbon July 1st, 1501, discovering on its homeward
voyage the island of St. Helena. — Gleig, Picture of India. Bruce's
Annals of the East India Company.
August, H. 908, Safar. Mahmud Khan, Langah, succeeds his
grandfather Husain Langah as king of Multan. — BOD. 231.
V. Sam. 1559. Hari Vans Hit Ji, founder of the Radha Yallabhis,
born. Author of the Hindi poem Chaurdsi Pada and the Radha
SudhaMdhi'm Sanskrit.— JBA. 1878, pp. 98, 102.
H. 909. Sikandar II of Delhi fixes his residence at Agra, which
henceforth supersedes Delhi as the capital of the Empire. — PK. 365.
6th September, H. 909, 14th Rabr I. 'Adil Khan of Khandesh
dies, and is succeeded by his brother Da'ud Khan: till H. 916 =
a.d. 1510.— PMD. 315.
268 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
Alphonso de Albuquerque erects the first European fortress in
India at Cochin, and re-establishes the factory at Calicut. He
settled a trade at Kulam and a factory at St. Thome.
H. 910. Amir Barld I succeeds his father Qasini I as ruler of
Bldar: till H. 945 = a.d. 1538.— PMD. 321.
H. 910. 'Alau-d-Dm, 'Imad Shahi, succeeds his father Fath-
Allah of Berar.— PMD. 320.
Naroji of Bikanir succeeds his uncle Bhlkhaji; but dying the
same year is in turn succeeded by his brother Lahkharanji.
6th July, H. 911, 3rd Safar. A terrible earthquake occurs at
Agra.— EHI. iv, 465.
H. 911. Death of Sayyid Muhammad, Jaunpurl, a son of Mir
Sayyid Khan of Jaunpur. He claimed to be the Imam Mahdi or
"Restorer of Islam." His disciples still exist in India under
the name of Ghair-Mahdvis. — BG. 240.
H. 912. Dilshad, wazlr of Jam JNanda of Sindh, conquers TJchh.
—EHI. i, 275.
H. 912. Death of 'Abdu-1-Ghafur of Lahor, pupil of <Abdu-r-
Rahman Jam!. — BOD. 3.
Alphonso de Albuquerque, the founder of the Portuguese Eastern
Empire, now commences a career on a larger scale, with a squadron
of sixteen ships, having troops on board. He defeated the Zamorin
of Calicut, formed a settlement at Goa, which he fortified, sailed
to the Straits of Malacca, and took the place of that name in
February, 1510, reduced the Molucca and Banda islands, at that
time the gardens of the East for cloves, nutmegs, etc., and at last, in
1514, finally reduced Ormus, the chief seat of Persian commerce.
In twelve years he raised the Portuguese Empire in India to the
greatest height it has ever attained; all the principal emporia
from the Cape to the China frontier, an extent of 12,000 miles
of coast, being in his possession.
H. 913. Sikandar II of Delhi, aided by Jalal Khan, governor
of Kalpi, invests the fort of Narwar. — EHI. iv, 466-7.
May, H. 913, Muharram. Muhammad Khan Shaibani Uzbak
invades Khurasan. Amir Zu-n-Nun marches against him in
support of Sultan Badi'u-z-Zaman Mirza, but is defeated and
slain, his son Shah Beg Arghun succeeding him as ruler of
Qandahar.— EHI. i, 304.
a.d. 1507—1511. 269
A.D.
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
H. 913. Malik Ayaz, governor of Dm, defeats the Portuguese
at Chaul.— BG. 222.
V. Sam 1564. Rise of the Katuka sect of the Jains. — BR.
1883-4, 154.
H. 914. 'Alim Khan, claimant for the throne of Khandesh,
appeals for aid to Mahrnud Baiqarah. The latter proceeds in
Rajab (October) to Nandarbar, spending the month of Ramazan
at SambalT on the Narmada. — BG. 222-3.
H. 914. Burhan I Nizam Shahi of Ahmadnagar succeeds his
father Ahmad tfizam Shah I : till H. 961 = a.d. 1554.— PMD. 320.
$. 1430-1449. Krishnaraya of the Second Vijayanagara dynasty,
reigning, son of Nrisimha, and brother and successor of Vlra-
Nrisimha or Vlra-Narasimha. — EI. i, 361 (Hanipe inscription of
6. 1430). BR. 1883-4, 55. JBRAS. xii, 343.
H. 915. Shah 'Isma'il Safwi having defeated and slain Shaibani
Khan (Shahi Beg Uzbak), takes Khurasan. Warash Khan marches
upon Kara.— E HI. i, 306.
Sahgrarnasiriiha I (Singram Singh) of Mevad succeeds his father
Rajamalla.— PK. 356.
H. 916. Sikandar II of Delhi acknowledges the independence
of Gujarat.— BG. 226.
6th August, H. 916, 1st Jumada' I. Da'ud Khan of Khandesh
dies and is succeeded by 'Adil Khan III. — PMD. 315. BF. iv,
302 ff.
H. 916. Mahmud II, Khalji of Malava, succeeds his father
Nasir Shah: till H. 937 = a.d. 1530.— PMD. 311.
H. 916. Isma'il 'Adil Shah of Bijapiir succeeds his father
Yusuf 'Adil Shah: till H. 941 = a.d. 1534.— PMD. 321.
II. 917. Shah Beg Arghun, in alarm at the threatened invasion
of Shah 'Isma'il, Warash Khan, and Babar, prepares to seize Slwi.
He subsequently takes the fort, and appointing Mirza 'Isa Tarkhan
governor, returns to Qandahar. — EH I. i, 306.
March, H. 916, Zl'l-hijjah. Mahmud Baiqarah visits Maulana
Mu'inu-d-Dm KazerunT and Maulana Taju-d-Dm Slwi at Pattan
(Anhilvad).— BG. 226.
23rd November, H. 917, 2nd Ram. Mahmud Shah I Baiqarah,
of Gujarat, dies and is succeeded by his son Muzaffar Shah II :
till H. 932 = a.d. 1526.— PMD. 313. BG. 227.
270 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
&. 1433, 1434, 1441, 1455, copper-plates from Champavat of
Yishnuchandra of Kumaun. — ASNI. ii, 48.
H.917. Birth of Abii-1-Fath Shaikh Kamal, Qazi of Bilgram
under Akbar. He died in H. 1001 =a.d. 1592.— BOD. 23.
V. Sam. 1568. The Nagapuriya branch of the Lumpaka sect
of the Jains formed by Ruparshi of the Malasavada Gotra. His
followers took the name of Nagapuriya to distinguish them from
those of a rival Ruparshi of the Indra Gotra. — BR. 1883-4, 154.
15th January, H. 917, 25th Shauwal. Muzaffar II of Gujarat
receives an embassy from Isma'il Shah of 'Iraq. Founds the city of
Daulatabad, and in Shauwal 918 (December) invades Malava, but
turns aside to assist 'Ainu-1-Mulk, governor of Nahrwalah, against
Bhlniaraja of Iclar.— BG. 244, 248.
H. 918. Sultan Quli assumes independence of the Bahmani
kingdom and founds the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda. —
PMD. 321.
H. 919. Muzaffar II of Gujarat ravages Idar and, after making
peace with the Raja, continues his march to Malava. — BG. 250.
H. 919. The emperor Babar marches on Qandahar, but negotiates
a peace with Shah Beg Arghun and returns to Kabul. Shah Beg
prepares to retreat to Sindh. — EHI. i, 307.
Y. Sam. 1570. Rise of the Bljamata sect of the Jains.— BR.
1883-4, 154.
H. 920. Death of Bhlmaraja of Idar. His son Bihar Mai
succeeds him, but is deposed by his cousin Raja Mai, aided by
Rana Sangha of Chitor. Muzaffar II of Gujarat sends Mzamu-1-
Mulk, governor of Ahmadnagar, against Raja Mai. — BG. 252.
24th December, H. 920, 7th Zi'1-qa'dah. Shah Beg Arghun
sends a force from Siwi to Sindh which takes the villages of Kakan
and Baghban.— EHI. i, 307.
H. 921. Babar again besieges Qandahar, but, his army being
weakened by fever, he again makes peace and returns to Kabul. —
EHI. i, 308.
H. 921. Bihar Mai reinstated in Idar.— BG. 253.
6. 1437. Kondavidu captured by Salva-Timma, minister of
Krishnaraya of Yijayanagara. — MGO., 14th August, 1893, p. 53.
Y. Sam. 1572. Rise of the Pasachandra sect of the Jains. —
BR. 1883-4, 155.
a.d. 1516—1520. 271
A.D.
1516
H. 922. Babar besieges Qandahar a third time. Shah Beg sues
for peace through Shaikh Abu Sayyid Purani and agrees to surrender
Qandahar in the following year to the officers of the emperor.
Babar returns to Kabul.— EHI. i, 308.
H. 923. Shah Beg surrenders Qandahar to the Emperor Babar
in accordance with the treaty of the previous year. — EHI. i, 308.
21st November, H. 923, 7th Zi'1-qa'dah. Death of Sikandar II,
Ludi. His son Ibrahim II succeeds him : till a.d. 1526. — EHI. iv,
471. BMC. 4, 104, Int. xxxvi. PK. 375.
H. 923. Nasratu-1-Mulk sent' by Muzaffar ll of Gujarat against
Raja Mai of Idar instead of Nizamu-1-Mulk. Raja Mai attacks
Idar and slays the governor Zahiru-1-Mulk. Nasratu-1-Mulk
attacks Bijanagar. — BG. 253.
18th November, 4th Zi'-l-qa'dah. Muzafrar II of Gujarat
proceeds to Mandii which he reaches and invests on the 23rd of
the month.— BG. 256.
H. 923. Mahmud II of Malava flees to Gujarat.— BG. 256.
H. 923. Death of 'Abdullah Maulana of Delhi, author of the
Shark Mizani-l-Mantiq. — BOD. 7.
The Portuguese take possession of Point de Galle and Colombo.
H. 924. Muzaffar II of Gujarat captures Mandii.— BG. 258.
H. 924. Death of Man Singh, Raja of Gwaliar.— BOD. 242.
H. 924. Shah Beg Arghiin prepares for the conquest of Sindh.
—EHI. i, 308.
H. 924. Birth of Handal Mirza, son of Babar and brother of
Humayun.— BOD. 154.
H. 924. Death of Mahmud Shah II, Bahmanl. His minister
Amir Band places Mahmud' s son Ahmad Shah III on the throne.
He reigns until H. 927 = a.d. 1521.— PMD. 318.
Albuquerque recalled. The decline of the Portuguese Empire
may be dated from this event.
H. 925. Nasiru-d-Dm Nasrat Shah ibn Husain succeeds 'Alau-d-
Din Husain as king of Bengal : till H. 939 = a.d. 1532.— PMD. 308.
H. 925. Mahmud Khalji of Malava defeats and slays Bhim
Karan at Gagrun. The Rana of Chitor proceeds against Mahmud
and takes him prisoner, but afterwards releases him. — BG. 263.
26th December, H. 927, 15th Muharram. Shah Beg Arghiin
marches on Thatta where he defeats and slays Darya Khan, the
272 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
15%
1525
adopted son of Jam Nanda. Jam Firuz flees, but submitting later,
is pardoned, and has conferred on him the government of the half
of Sindh. Shah Beg then takes Sistan and proceeds to Bhakkar.
— EHI. i, 309-11.
September, H. 926, Shauwal. Muzaffar II of Gujarat proceeds
against the Rana of Chitor; encamps at HarsTl Muharram, H. 927
(December) ; appoints Malik Ayaz to the command. He and
Kiwamu-1-Mulk proceed to Dhamolah and defeat the Rana. —
BG. 271-3.
H. 926. Miran Muhammad Shah I of Khandesh succeeds 'Adil
Khan III.— PMD. 315.'
H. 927. Malik Ayaz and Kiwamu-1-Mulk besiege Mandasor on
behalf of Muzaffar II of Gujarat.- BG. 273.
H. 927. Death of Ahmad Shah III, Bahmani. Amir Barid
raises his brother 'Alau-d-Din Shah to the throne : he reigns until
H. 929= a.d. 1523.— PMD. 318. BMC, Muhammadan States, 146.
H. 928. Shah Beg Arghiin leaving Payinda Muhammad Tarkhan
in charge of Bhakkar, invades Gujarat. Falling ill on the way
he dies 23rd Sha'ban (18th July) and is succeeded by his eldest
son Shah Husain. Shah Beg's death being hailed with joy
by the people of Thatta, Husain sends an army thither which
completely defeats Jam Firiiz who flees to Gujarat. — EHI. i,
311, 502.
H. 929. Amir Band deposes 'Alau-d-Dm Shah, Bahmani, and
places his brother Wall-Allah Shah on the throne. He reigns till
H. 932 = a.d. 1525.— Refs. a.d. 1521.
H. 929. Muzaffar II of Gujarat proceeds against Chitor. —
BG. 275.
H. 930. Muzaffar II of Gujarat rebuilds and refortifies Morasah.
— BG. 276.
H. 930. 'Alim Khan Ludi seeks refuge in Gujarat. — BG. 276.
H. 931. Babar Shah entrusts Husain Arghiin, governor of
Thatta, with the affairs of Multan. The latter proceeds against
Mahmud Khan, who dies before his arrival, and is succeeded by
his son Husain Langah II. — BOD. 165.
a.d. 1525—1529. 273
A.D.
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
H. 931. Shah Husain Arghun invades Multan and captures
Uchh. Mahmud Langah, while marching against him, is assassi-
nated, his son Husain Langah II succeeding him. A temporary
peace is arranged by the Shaikh Bahau-d-Dm, but in the following
year Shah Husain takes Multan after a fifteen months' siege. —
EHI. i, 314ff.
H. 931. Prince Bahadur Khan, son of Muzaffar II of Gujarat,
visits Dungarpur, Chitor, Mevad, and Delhi.
H. 932. Amir Band poisons Wall-Allah Shah and places his
nephew Kalim-Allah Shah on the throne, the last of the Bahmanis
of Kulbarga.
H. 931. Death of Shaikh Jm of Gujarat.— BG. 305, note.
19th April, H. 932, 7th Rajab. Babar defeats and slays
Ibrahim II of Delhi at Panipat and founds the Mughal Empire
in Hindustan.— PMD. 322. PK. 376.
H. 932. Multan taken after a fifteen months' siege by Husain
Arghun of Thatta, acting under Babar. — BOD. 165.
March, H. 932, Jumada' II. Death of Muzaffar Shah II of
Gujarat. His son Sikandar Shah succeeds him, but is assassinated
in Sha'ban, when his youngest brother Nasir Khan ascends the
throne as Mahmud Shah II. He is in turn deposed and succeeded
14th Zl'1-qa'dah (22nd August) of the same year by his elder
brother Bahadur Shah, who reigns till H. 943. — BG. 281, Si 7,
318, 334.
Jaytsiji of Bikanlr succeeds his father Lankaranji.
Y. Sam. 1582, S. 1449. Harishena writes the Jagatsundari-
yogamala. — PR. i, 52, 91.
An English merchant, Robert Thome, long resident in Spain,
asserts the practicability of a north-west passage to India. His
attempt and six others in the succeeding reigns failed.
Y. Sam. 1585. Neniidatta writes the Srlpalacharita : author
also of the Sudarsanacharita. — BR. 1883-4, 117.
H. 936. Darya succeeds his father 'Alau-d-Din as independent
ruler of Berar.— PMD. 320.
H. 936. Fazlu-llah Khan, an amir at the court of Babar, builds
a mosque at Delhi. — BOD. 134.
18
274 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1529
1530
Krishnadeva of Yijayanagara endows the statue of Narasimha.
— ASSI.'ii, 249.
26th December, H. 937, 6th Jumada' I. The Emperor Babar
dies and is succeeded by his eldest son Humayfm. — BOD. 92.
H. 937. Bahadur Shah of Gujarat annexes Malava.
Y. Sam. 1587. Ratnasimha of Mevad, successor of Sahgrama-
simha.— BI. 134.
Bakshu, a singer at the court of Bahadur Shah of Gujarat,
flourished.— BOD. 101.
The Portuguese driven by the natives from Ternate.
275
APPENDIX.
DYNASTIC LISTS.
The object of the Dynastic Lists contained in this Appendix is to
supplement the Chronology by supplying links necessarily omitted
there, and to give what recent research has made imperative —
a revised list of Indian dynasties. The arrangement chosen is as. brief
as possible. The dates given are as a general rule to be found in the
Tables and serve thus as an index to these. All merely approximate
dates arrived at by calculation are avoided.
The Rajas of Assam.1— TUT. 273.
Indrayansa Dynasty.
A.D.
1230 ? Chu-kapha, became independent and spread conquests.
1268 Chu-toupha, son, defeated the Raja of Kachar.
1281 Chu-benpha.
1293 Chu-kangpha.
1332 Chu-khampha ; valley invaded by Muhammad Shah, 1337.
1364-9 Interregnum of five years when the ministers installed
1369 Chu-taopha, a relation.
1372 Chu-khamethepa, a tyrant, killed by his ministers.,
1406—14 Interregnum of nine years.
1414 Chu-dangpha.
1425 Chu-jangpha, his son.
1440 Chu-phukpha, his son.
1 158 Chu-singpha, his son.
1485 Chu-hangpha, his son.
1491 Chu-simpha, a tyrant, put to death.
1497 Interregnum/Husain Shah's invasion, 1498.
1506 Chu-humpha, a brother, various conquests.
1549 Chu-klunpha, his son, built Gurgram.
1563 Chu-khrunpha.
1615 Chu-chainpha, introduced reforms ; protected Dharmanarain.
1640 Chu-rumpha, a tyrant, dethroned.
1643 Chu-chinpha.2
1 Given in the Appendix only.
2 A.S. 1570, a.d. 1648. — Svarganfirayan, also called Pratapasimba, the Hindu name
of Chusihgpha (Jenkins) ; he was of the Dehingia family, who took tbe name of iNaraiu ;
the other branch, Toughonent, took the title of Simha.— JP.
276 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1647 Kuku-raikhoya Gohani, dethroned for his brother.
1665 ? Chukum or Jayadhvajasimha, adopted Hindu faith; defeated Aurangzib's
general ?
1621 l Chakradhvaja (or Brija) Siiiiha; built fort of Gohati.
1665 K oday adity asimha .
1677 Parbattia Kunria.
1681 Loraraja, for some reigns confusion prevailed until
1683 l Gadadharasimha ; his son Kana set aside.
1689—1713 x Rudrasiriiha, built Rangpur and Jorhat; his coins first bear Bengali
inscriptions.
1715-21 * S'ivasimha, established Hindu festivals.
1723-26 l PhuleSvari, his wife, acquires sovereign rule.
1729-30 l Pramathesvaridevi acquires sovereign rule.
17^2-36 l Ambikadevi acquires sovereign rule.
1738-43 l Sarvesvaridevi acquires sovereign rule.
1744 l Pramathasiriiha, made equitable land settlement.
1751 x Rajesvarasimha, embellished Rangpur, allied with Manipur.
1771 a Lakshmisiriiha Narendra, younger son, raised and deposed by minister.
1779 l Gaurinathasimha, his son.
1792 l Bharatasimha Mahamari, conquers Rangpur.
1793 l Sarvanandasimha, usurps power at Baingmara.
1796 l Bharatasimha attempts to regain poAver, but is killed.
Gaurinathasimha, restored by British ; died at Jorhat.
1808 l Kamalesvarasimha or Kinnaram, not crowned.
Raja Chandrakantasimha Narendra, fled to Ava.
Purandharasimha, great - grandson of Rajesvarasimha, expelled by
Burmese, and
Chandrakanta restored, but deposed again, and
Yogesvarasimha, raised by Assamese wife of an Ava monarch under
Menghi Maha Theluah, the Burmese general and real governor.
1824 Burmese expelled by the English.
List of the Bana Kings, from the Udayendiram Plates'1 of Vijayabahu
Vihramuditya II. — EI. iii, 75. IA. xv, 172 ff.
A.D.
( 1 ) Jay anandi var man .
(2) Vijayaditya I, son of 1.
(3) Malladeva, son of 2.
(4) Banavidhyadhara, son of 3, married a granddaughter of the Gahga king
S'ivamaharaja, who reigned between a.d. 1000 and 1016.
(5) Prabhumerudeva, son of 4.
(6) "Vikramaditya I, son of 5.
(7) Vijayaditya II, or Pugalvippavar-Ganda, son of 6.
(8) Vijayabahu Vikramaditya II, son of 7.
1 These dates are confirmed by coins in Marsden's Numismata Orientalia and others
in Captain Jenkins' collection.
2 The Udayendiram plates are undated, but may be assigned to about the middle
of the twelfth century a.d.
APPENDIX. 277
A.D.
1488
(1)
1504
(2)
1504
(3)
1526
(4)
1545
(5)
1573
(6)
1611
(7)
1613
(8)
1631
(9)
1669
(10)
1698
(11)
1700
(12)
1735
(13)
1746
(14)
1787
(15)
1787
(16)
1828
(17)
1851
(18)
1872
(19)
1887
(20)
The Bihanlr Ruj\ a scion of Jodhpur.
Bikaji Bhlkhaji, son of Jodha.
Naroji, nephew of 1.
Larikaranji, brother of 2.
Jaytsiji, son of 3.
Kalyanasimha, son of 4.
Rayasimha, son of 5.
Dalpatsimha, son of 6.
Surasimha, brother of 7.
Karnsimha, son of 8.
Anupasimha, son of 9.
Sarupsimha, son of 10.
Sajjansiriiha, brother of 11.
Jorawarsimha, son of 12.
Gajasimha, cousin of 13.
Rajasimha, son of 13, poisoned in 13 days by
Suratsimha, regent, who usurped the throne.
Ratnasimha, son of 16.
Sardarsimha, son of 17.
Maharaja Dungasimha, descendant of Jorawarsimha.
Maharaja Gahgasimha.
The Chahamanas or Chohans of Ajmlr. — YOJ. vii, 191. EI. ii, 116 ff.
A.D.
(1) Samantaraja.
(2) Jayaraja, son of 1.
(3) Vigraharaja I, son of 2.
(4) Chandraraja I, son of 3.
(5) Gopendraraja, son of 3.
(6) Durlabha I, son of 4.
(7) Chandraraja II, son of 6.
(8) Govaka or Guvaka, son of 7.
(9) Chandana, son of 8.
(10) Vakpati I, son of 9.
950 (11) Simharaja, son of 10.
974 (12) Vigraharaja II, son of 11.
(13) Durlabha II, son of 11.
(14) Govinda, son of 13.
(15) Vakpati II, son of 14.
1030 (16) Viryarama, son of 15.
1085 (17) Durlabha III, son of 16.
(18) Vigraharaja III, son of 16.
(19) Prithviraja I, son of 18.
1180 (20) Ajayaraja or Salhana, son of 19.
1150 (21) Arnoraja, son of 20, not of Prithviraja I, as in the Tables.
(22) Vigraharaja IV, son of 21.
1166 (23) Prithivibhata, son of an unnamed son of 21.
(24) Somegvara, son of 21 by Kafichanadevi of Gujarat.
1170 (25) Prithviraja II, son of 24.
278 THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
Chuhamdnas or Chohans of JVadole, from the Inscription of Alhanadeva.
JBRAS. xix, 34.
AD.
968 (1) S'ri Lakshmana.
(2) Sohiya or Lohiya, son of 1.
(3) Baliraja, son of 2.
(4) Vigrahapala, son of 1.
(5) Mahendra, son of 4.
(6) Anahila, son of 5.
(7) Balaprasada, son of 6.
(8) Jendraraja, son of 6.
(9) Prithivipala, son of 7.
(10) Jojjalla, son of 7.
(11) Asaraja, son of 7.
1162 (12) Alhanadeva, son of 11.
The Early and Western Chdlukyas of Bdddmi. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 336.
BD. 61.
A.D.
Jayasimha.
Eanaraga, son of 1.
Pulikesin I, son of 2.
Kirtivarman I, son of 3.
Mangalisa, son of 3.
Pulikesin II, Western Clialukya, son of 4.
Vikramaditya I, Western Clialukya, son of 6.
Vinayaditya, Western Chalukya, son of 7.
Vijayaditya, Western Chalukya, son of 8.
Vikramaditya II, Western Chalukya, son of 9.
Kirtivarman II, Western Chalukya, son of 10.
Traditional connection hetiveen the Chdlukyas of Bdddmi and Kalydna.
Vijayaditya.
a.d. 696.
I
(1)
525
(2)
550
(3)
567
(4)
597
(5)
609
(6)
655
w
680
is)
696
(9)
733
(10)
747
(11)
Vikramaditya II, a.d. 733. Bhlma.
Kirtivarman II, a.d. 746. Kirtivarman III.
Taila I.
Vikramaditya III.
Bhlma II.
Ayyana I.
Vikramaditya IV.
Ahavamalla Nurmadi-Taila II.
a.d. 973.
APPENDIX. 279
The Western Chdluhyas of Kalydna. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 428.
Ahavamalla Nurmadi-Taila II.
SatyaSraya, son of 1.
Vikramaditya V, grandson of 1.
Jayasimha II, grandson of 1.
Somes vara I, son of 4.
SomeSvara II, son of 5.
Vikramaditya VI, son of 5.
Somesvara III, son of 7.
Jagadekamalla II, son of 8.
Nurmadi-Taila III, son of 8.
Somesvara IV, son of 10.
973
(1)
997
(2)
1009
(3)
1018
(4)
1040
(5)
1069
(6)
1078
(7)
1127
(8)
1138
(9)
1150
(10)
1183
(11)
A.D.
Chdluhyas of Gujarat. — EI. iii, 2.
Eirst Branch.
(1) Jayasimharaja.
(2) Buddhavarmaraja, son of 1.
643 (3) Vijayavarmaraja, son of 2.
Second Branch (doubtful).
(1) Dharairaya Jayasimhavarman, son of Kirtivarman I.
(2) Jayasraya, Nagavardhana, son of 1.
Third Branch.
Dharasraya Jayasimhavarman, son of Pulikesin II.
S'lladitya S'ryasraya, Son of 1.
Yuddhamalla Jayasraya Mangalaraja Vinayaditya, son of 1.
(4) Janasraya Pulikesin, son of 1.
The Eastern Chdluhyas. — IA. xx, 12.
Vishnuvardhana I, brother of Pulikesin II.
Jayasimha I, son of 1.
Indra-Bhattaraka, brother of 2.
Vishnuvardhana II, son of 3.
Mangi-Yuvaraja, son of 4.
Jayasimha II, son of 5.
Kokkili, brother of 6.
Vishnuvardhana III, brother of 7.
Vijayaditya I, Bhattaraka, son of 8.
Vishnuvardhana IV, son of 9.
Vijayaditya II, son of 10.
Vishnuvardhana V, son of 11.
Vijayaditya III, son of 12.
Chalukya-Bhlma I, son of the Yuvaraj a Vikramaditya I, a younger brother
of Tnto. 13.
Vijayaditya IV, son of 14.
Amma I, son of 15.
671
fl)
671
(2)
731
(^
739
14)
A.D.
615
(I)
633
(2)
663
(3)
663
(4)
672
(5)
(6)
696
709
(7)
709
(8)
746
(9)
764
(10)
799
(11)
843
(12)
844
(13)
888
(14)
918
(15)
918
(16)
A.D.
925
(17)
925
(18)
925
(19)
926
(20)
927
(21)
934
(22)
945
(23)
970
(24)
1003
(25)
1015
(26)
1022
(27)
1070
(28)
1108
(29)
1127
(30)
280 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Vijayaditya V, son of 16.
Tadapa, son of Yuddhamalla I, younger brother of Vikramaditya I
(Yuvaraja).
Vikramaditya II, brother of 15.
Bhima III, brother of 17.
Yuddhamalla II, son of 18.
Chalukya-Bhima II, brother of 16.
Amma II, son of 22.
Danarnava, brother of 23.
Unexplained interval ; according to the records of 27, but in reality of
about 30 years.
S'aktivarman, son of 24.
Vimaladitya, brother of 25.
Eajaraja I, son of 26.
Kulottunga Chodadeva, son of 27 ; see under Chola kings.
Vikrama Choda, son of 28 ; see under Chola kings.
Kulottunga Chodadeva II, son of 29 ; see under Chola kings.
The Eastern Chdlukyas of Pithdpuram : a line of Princes descended from
the Eastern Chdlukya Beta or Vijayaditya I. — EI. iv, 229.
A.D.
(1) Beta, Kanthika-Beta or Vijayaditya I.
(2) Satyasraya, Uttama-Chalukya, son of 1.
(3) Vijayaditya II, son of 2.
(4) Vimaladitya, son of 2.
(5) Vikramaditya, son of 2.
(6) Vishnuvardhana I, son of 2.
(7) Mallapa I, son of 2.
(8) Kama, son of 2.
(9) Bajamartanda, son of 2.
(10) Vishnuvardhana II, son of 3.
(11) Mallapa II, son of 3.
(12) Samideva, son of 3.
1158 (13) Vijayaditya III, son of 11. coronation date, Saturday, 11th January, 1158.
1202 (14) Malla, Mallapa III, or Vishnuvardhana III, son of 13.
Chdlukya Feudatories of the Rdshtrakutas, as given in Tampa's Bhurata.
BR. 1883-4. JRAS., ir.s., xiv, 19.
A.D.
(1) Yuddhamalla.
(2) Arikesarin, son of 1.
(3) Narasimha, son of 2.
(4) Dugdhamalla, son of 3.
(5) Baddiga, son of 4.
(6) Yuddhamalla II, son of 5.
(7) JSTarasiniha II, son of 6.
941 (8) Arikesarin II, son of 7.
APPENDIX. 281
The Chand Dynasty of Kumaun, from a list compiled by Rudradatta Pant of
Almora.—NWP. Gazetteer, xi, 500. ASNI. ii, 48, 49.
A.D.
1261 » Thohar Chand.
1276 Kalyan Chand.
1297 Triloki Chand.
1304 Damara Chand.
1322 Dharma Chand.
1345 Abhaya Chand.
1367 l Garur Gyan (Jnana) Chand, inscr. dates S'. 1289, 1320, 1334, 1341, 1356.
1420 Harihar Chand.
1421 Udhyan Chand.
1422 Atma Chand.
1423 Hari Chand.
1424 Vikrama Chand.
1438 Bharati Chand, inscr. date S'. 1391 = a.d. 1469. l
1462 Ratana Chand.
1488 Kirati Chand, inscr. date S'. 1422 =a.d. 1500.1
1504 Partab Chand.
1518 Tara Chand.
1534 Manik Chand.
1543 Kali Kalyan Chand.
1552 Puni or Puran Chand.
1556 Bhikhma or Bhishma Chand.
1561 Balo Kalyan Chand.
1569 Budra Chand, inscr. date S'. 1519.
1597 Lakshmi Chand.
1621 Dhalip Chand.
1624 Bijaya Chand.
1625 Trimal Chand.
1638 Baz Bahadur Chand, inscr. dates S\ 1566, 1586.
1678 Udyot Chand, inscr. dates S'. 1609, 1613.
1698 Gyan Chand.
1708 Jagat Chand.
1720 Debi Chand.
1726 A jit Chand.
1730 Kalyan Chand, inscr. date S'. 1655.
1748 Dip Chand.
1777 Mohan Chand.
1779 Pradhaman Chand.
1786 Mohan Chand restored.
1788 Sib Singh (Chand).
1788-90 Mahendra Singh (Chand).
1790 Kumaun conquered by the Ghorkhalis ; extinction of the Chands.
The Chandellas.—CASR. ii, 451. JBA. l {Hist, of Bundelkhand by
a.d. Y. A. Smith), p. 7 ff.
(1) Nanika.
(2) Vakpati.
(3) Vijaya.
(4) Rahila.
900 (o) Harsha, son of 4.
See Tables.
282 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Yasovarman, son of 5.
Dhanga, son of 6.
Ganda, son of 7.
Vidhyadharadeva, son of 8.
Vijayapaladeva.
Devavarraadeva, son of 10.
Kirtivarmadeva, brother of 1 1 .
Sallakshanavarmadeva, son of 12.
Jayavarmadeva or Klrtivarman II, son of 13.
Prithivivarmadeva .
Madanavarmadeva, son of 15.
Paramardideva, son of 16.
Trailokyavarmadeva, son of 17.
Viravarinan, son of 18.
Bhojavarman, son of 19.
A.D.
925
(6)
955
(7)
1000
(8)
(9)
1025
1037
(10)
1050
(11)
1098
(12)
1100
(13)
1117
(14)
(15)
1129
(16)
1167
(17)
1213
(18)
1261
(19)
1289
(20)
Chapotkata or CMvadd Dynasty of Anhilvad.
BR. 1883-4, pp. 10, 150.
A.D.
746 (1) Vanaraja.
806 (2) Yogaraja, son of 1.
841 (3) Kshemaraja.
867 (4) Bhuyada.
895 (5) Virasimha.
920 (6) ' Ratnaditya.
935 (7) Samantasimha.
A.D.
941
(1)
996
8
1009
(3)
1009
(4)
1022
(5)
1063
(6)
1093
(7)
1143
(8)
1172
(9)
1176
(10)
1178
(11)
1242
(12)
(1)
(2)
(3)
1219
(4)
1235
(5)
1261
(6)
1274
(7)
1296
(8)
The Chauluhyas of Anhilvad. — I A. vi, 213.
Miilaraja I, son of King Raji of Kalyana.
Chamundaraja, son of 1.
Vallabharaja, son of 2.
Durlabharaja, son of 2.
Bhlmadeva I, grandson of 2, son of Nagadeva.
Karnadeva I, son of 5.
Jayasiriiha Siddharaja, son of 6.
Kumarapala, great-grandson of 5.
Ajayapala, nephew of 8.
Mularaja II, son of 9.
Bhlmadeva II, son of 9.
Tribhuvanapala, son of 11.
Chauluhyas of Anhilvad : Vy&ghrapalli or Vagheld Branch.
Dhavala, married to Kumarapala's mother's sister.
Arnoraja, son of 1.
Lavanaprasada, Chief of Dholka, son of 2.
Viradhavala, independent Rana of Dholka.
Visaladeva, son of 4, usurps the throne of Anhilvad, a.d. 1243.
Arjunadeva, nephew of 5.
Sarahgadeva, son of 6.
Karnadeva II, son of 7.
APPENDIX. 283
Cliola Kings. — ASSI. iii, 112, and MGO. as quoted below.
A.D.
(1) Vijayalaya of the StiryavariiSa.
(2) Aditya I.
900 (3) Parantaka I, Viranarayana, Madirai-konda Ko- Parakesarivarman, son
of 2.
9IfO (4) Raj aditya, eldest son of 3.
(5) Gandaraditya, son of 2.
(6) Arifijaya, son of 2.
(7) Parantaka II, or Rajendra, son of 6.
(8) Aditya II or Karikala, son of 7.
(9) Madhurantaka I, son of 5.
085 (10) Rajaraja, the Great, Rajasraya or Rajakesarivarman, son of 7.
1002 (11) Parakesarivarman, RSjendra-Chola I, son of 10.
(12) Rajakesarivarman, Jayaiikonda-Chola, son of 11, according to the
Kalingattu-Parani. Reigned at least 32 years. Among his enemies
were the Pandya kings Manabharana, Vira-Kerala, and Sundara-
Pandya ; the Western Chalukya Ahavamalla (Somesvara I, a.d.
1040-69) ; Vikrama-Pandya, who had undertaken an expedition
against Vikramabahu of Ceylon; and the Singhalese kings Vlra-
S'ilamega and S'rlvallabha-Madanaraja. — MGO., 6th Aug., 1892,
No. 544, 9.
(13) Parakesarivarman Rajendradeva, probably identical with the Rajendra of
the Solar race whose daughter Madhurantaki married Kulottunga I
(Chellur Grant). Contemporary with Vira-S'ilamega of Ceylon and
Ahavamalla Somesvara I. Inscriptions dated between 3rd and 9th
years.— MGO., 6th Aug., 1892, No. 544, 9; ib., 14th Aug., 1893,
No. 642, 56. IA. xxiii, 296.
(14) Rajakesarivarman V Ira -Rajendradeva I. Contemporary Ahavamalla
Somesvara I, each claiming to have defeated the other. Claims
to have defeated the Dandanmjakas Chamundaraya and KeSava and
the Pandya king Vira-Kesarin. A daughter of Vira-Rajendra
married Vikramaditya VI, Western Chalukya, who, on her father's
death, was instrumental in placing her brother Parakesarivarman
Adhirajendradeva on the Chola throne. — MGO., 6th Aug., 1892,
No. 544, 9.
(15) Parakesarivarman, Adhirajendradeva.
1070 (16) Rajendra-Chola II, Rajakesarivarman, or Kulottunga Chodadeva I ; see
under Eastern Chalukyas.
1108 or 1111 (17) Vikraina Choda or Parakesarivarman.
1127 (18) Kulottunga Chodadeva II, see under Eastern Chalukyas.
1215 Tribhuvanachakravartin Rajarajadeva II.
Tribhuvanachakravartin Rajendra Choladeva III.
1250 Kanda-Gopaladeva.
The Chuddsamd Princes of Girnar (Junugadh).1 — ASWI. ii, 164.
MS. dates Probable
Sariivat. date a.d.
904? Ra Dyas or Dyachh, third in descent from Ra Gariyo, the
grandson of Ra Chudachand, and first of the Chudasamas
of Junagadh. Ra Dyas was defeated and slain by the
King of Pattan, S. 874 (? 917 a.d.).
1 Given in the Appendix only.
284 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
MS. dates Probable
Sariivat. date a.d.
894 937? Navaghana or Naughan, bis son, reared by Devait Bodar, tbe
Ahir ; during a severe famine be invaded Sindh and defeated
" Haniir," tbe Sumra prince.
916 959? Khangara, bis son, defeated " Graharipu the Ahir " of Vanthali,
and was killed at Bagasara by the Anhilvad Raja (possibly
by Mularaja, a.d. 941).
Mularaja, son of Khangara (perhaps of Anhilvad).
Navaghana II, bis son, " ruled for 38 (18 ?) years."
Mandalika, son of Navaghana, joined Bhlmadeva of Gujarat
in pursuit of Mabmud of Ghaznl, S. 1080, H. 414.
Hamiradeva, son of Mandalika, 13 years.
Vijayapala, son of Hamiradeva.
Navaghana III, subdued the Raja of Umeta.
Khangara II, slain by Jayasimha Siddharaja of Anhilvad
(omitted by Amarji) .
Mandalika II, 11 years.
Alansimha, 14 years.
Ganesa, 5 years.
Navaghana or Naughan IV, 9 years.
Kbangara III, 46 years.
Mandalika III, son of Khangara III (mentioned in a Girnar
inscription), 22 years.
Navaghana or Naughan V.
Mahipaladeva (Ra Kavat), 34 years, built a temple at Somnath
Pattan.
1336 1279 Khangara IV, his son, repaired the temple of Somnath,
conquered Dm, etc.
Shams Khan took Junagadh.
Jayasimhadeva, son of Khangara IV, llf years.
Mugatsiriiha or Mokalasimha, 14 years.
Melagadeva or Megaladeva.
Mahipaladeva II or Madhupat.
Mandalika IV (son of Mahipaladeva).
Jayasimhadeva II (apparently the Raja of Jehrend or Jiran
mentioned by Firishtah as defeated by Muzaffar Khan of
Gujarat in a.d. 1411).
Khangara V, war with Ahmad Shah.
Mandalika V ; x Junagadh inscription, V. Sam. 1507 ; subdued by
Mabmud Baiqarah in a.d. 1471.
After their subjugation by the Ahmadabad kings the Chudasamas seem to have
been preserved as tributary jaglrdars for another century. The list of these princes
stands thus : —
A.D.
1472 Bhapat, cousin of Mandalika V, 32 years.
1503 Khangara VI, son of Bhapat, 22 years.
1524 Naughana VI, son of Khangara, 25 years.
1551 S'rl Simha, 35 years, Gujarat subdued by Akbar.
1585 Khangara VII, till about 1609.
952
968?
1009
992?
1047
1011?
1095
1038
1108
1051
1162
1085?
1107?
1184
1127
1195
1138
1209
1152
1214
1157
1224
1167
1270
1213
1235?
1302
1245
1390
1333
1402
1345
1416
1359
1421
1371
1439
1376
1450
1393
1469
1412
1489
1432
1 See Tables, a d. 1450.
APPENDIX.
285
Gaharwdrs or Ruthors of Kanauj.
(1)
2
1097
(3)
1109
(4)
1115
(5)
1143
(6)
1168
(7)
1170
(8)
YaSovigraha.
Mahlchandra or Mahitala, sou of
Chandradeva, son of 2.
Madanapala, son of 3.
Govindachandra, son of 4.
Rajyapaladeva, son of 5.
Vijayachandra, son of 5.
Jayachchandra, son of 7.
The Gakk'hars or Khohars.
A few only of these are given in the Tables.
A.D
983
(1)
Zain Khan or Kabul Shah.
1005
(2)
Gakk'har Shah.
1031
(3)
Baj Khan.
1065
(4)
Mahpal Khan.
1101
(5)
Mu'azzam Khan.
1135
(6)
Ashi KMn.
1152
(7)
Rajar Khan.
1186
(8)
Sipehr Khan.
1199
(9)
Surkah Khan.
1206
(10)
Fida'i Khan.
1220
")
Mang Khan.
1267
12
Lahar Khan.
1330
(13)
Lakk'han Khan.
1341
:i4)
Haidar Khan.
1365
(15)
Kad Khan.
1380
16)
Shaikha Khan.
1399
17
Jasrat Khan.
1446
(18)
Malik Gullu.
1447
(19)
Sikandar Khan.
1466
[20)
Flruz Khau.
1472
(21)
Malik Eir.
1493
22)
Malik Pilu.
1523
,23)
Tatar Khan.
1524
(24)
Malik Hati.
1530
(25)
Sultan Sarang.
1542
,26)
Sultan Adam.
1562
(27)
Kamal Khan.
1581
,28)
29)
Mubarak Khan.
1599
Ajmir Khan.
1618
30)
Jalal Klian.
1653 (
31)
Akbar Quli Khan.
1676
32)
Murad Quli lvhan.
1681
33)
Allah Quli Khan.
1705
34)
Diilu Dilawar l\han.
1726
35)
Mu'azzam Khan.
1730 (
36)
Muqarrab Khan.
1761
37 and 38) Nadir 'AH Khan and Sa'du-llah Khan.
1817
39 and 40) Mansur 'All Khan and Shadtnan Khan.
1837
41)
Hayatu-llah Khan.
1865
(42)
Karamdad Khfin.
286 THE CHRONOLOGY 0-F INDIA.
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APPENDIX. 287
Guhila Princes of Mevad, from the Mount Abu Inscription of 'Samarasimha,
1A. xvi, 345. See also JBA. lv, 19 ff. BI. 67-143 ; Tod's Annals
of Rujasthun, i, 243.
Bappa or Bappaka.
Guhila, son of 1.
Bhoja, son of 2.
S'lla.
Kalabhoja, son of 4.
Bhartribliata.
Simha or Aghasimha, son of 6.
Mahayika, son of 7.
Shummana or Khumana.
Allata, son of 9.
Naravahana, son of 10.
S'aktikumara.
S'uchivarman, son of 12.
Naravarman.
Kirtivaruian.
Vairata or Hamsapala.
Vairisimha.
Vijayasimha, married S'yamaladevI, daughter of Udayaditya of Malava,
by whom he had a daughter, Alhanadevi, married to Gayakarna
of Chedi.
Arisimha.
Choda, son of 19.
Vikramasiriiha, son of 20.
Kshemasimha.
Samantasimha, son of 22, identified with the Samantasirhha described
in an Abu inscription of Tejahpala andSomesvara (V. Sam. 1287)
as being defeated by Prahladana, lord of Abu.
Kumarasimha.
Mathanasimha.
Padmasimha.
Jaitrasimha, said to have eradicated Nadula (probably Nadul or Nadole),
defeated a Turushka army, and engaged in battle with the Sindhuka
army.
Tejahsimha.
Samarasimha, son of 28.
Ratnasimha.
S'ri Jayasimha.
Lakshmasimha.
Ajayasimha.
Arisimha.
H ammira.
Khetsirhha Kshetrasimha.
Lakshasimha.
Mokala, said to have supplanted his brother Chonda in a.d. 1398.
Kumbha, son of 38.
Udaya, murdered his father Kumbha ; killed by lightning.
Rajamalla.
Sangramasimha Singram Singh I, son of Rajamalla.
Ratnasimha, son of Singram.
Vikramaditya, son of Singram.
Anarchy; Banbir, bastard brother of V, acknowledged by some of the
Rajputs.
A.D.
735
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(o)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
953
(10)
972
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
1267
(28)
1278
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
(33)
(34)
(35)
(36)
(37)
1428
(38)
1438
(39)
(40)
1489
(41)
1509
(42)
1527
(43)
1532
(44)
1535-
■7 (45)
288
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
1537 (46
1572 (47
1597 (48
1620 (49
1628 (50
1652 (51
1680 (52
1699 (53
1711 (54
1734 (55
1752 (56
1754 (57
1761 (58
1773 (59
1778 (60
1828 (61
1838 (62
1842 (63
1861 (64
1874 (65
Udayasimha II, son of Sihgram.
Pratapa, son of Udaya.
Amra, son of Pratapa.
Kama, son of Amra.
Jagatsimha, son of Karna.
Rajasimha, son of Jagatsimha.
Jayasimha, son of Rajasimha.
Amra II, son of Jayasimha.
Sahgramasimha II, son of Amra II.
Jagatsimha, son of Sahgramasimha II.
Pratapa II, son of Jagatsimha.
Rajasimha II, son of Pratapa II.
Arsi Rana, son of Rajasimha II.
Hamira, son of Arsi Rana.
Bhimasimha, brother of Hamira.
Javansiriiha, son of Bhimasimha.
Sirdarsimha, son of Javansimha.
Sarupsiniha, son of Sirdarsimha.
Sambhusimha, son of Sarupsiniha.
Sajjansimha, son of Sambhusimha.
A.D.
290
(1)
305
(2)
319
(3)
(4)
350
(5)
401
W
415
(7)
455
(8)
uso
(9)
490
(10)
520
(11)
484
(12)
510
(13)
The Gupta Dynasty.— CI. iii, Introd. 17. JRAS. 1893, 82.
Gupta or S'rigupta.
Ghatotkacha, son of 1.
Chandragupta I, son of 2.
Kacha or Kacha, son of 3.
Samudragupta, son of 3.
Chandragupta II, son of 5.
Kumaragupta I, son of 6.
Skandagupta, son of 7.
Sthiragupta or Puragupta, son of 7, md. Vatsadevi.
Narasimhagupta, son of 9.
Kumaragupta II, son of 10.
Budhagupta reigning in Eastern Malava.
Bhanugupta, his son and successor, possibly allied to the above dynasty.
Guptas of Magadha.—QI. iii, 200-220. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, chart, p. 100.
672
(1) Krishnagupta.
(2) Harshagupta, son of 1, contemp. Adityavarman, Maukhari.
(3) Jivitagupta I, son of 2.
(4) Kumaragupta, son of 3.
(5) Damodaragupta, son of 4. t
(6) Mahasenagupta, son of 5 ; said to have conquered Susthitavarman,
brother-in-law of Adityavardhana of Thanesar.
(7) Madhavagupta, son of 6, contemp. Harshavardhana : md. S'rimatidevi.
(8) Adityasena, son of 7.
(9) Devagupta, son of 8, md. Kamaladevi.
(10) Vishnugupta, son of 9, md. Ijjadevi.
(11) Jivitagupta II, son of 10.
APPENDIX. . 289
The Gurjaras of Bharoch. — IA, xvii, 191. FED., Bom. Gaz., 313.
A.D.
Dadda I.
Jayabhata I, Vltaraga.
478 Dadda II, Prasantaraga I, son of Jayabhata I.
580 (1) Dadda III.
(2) Javabbata II, Vltaraga II, son of 1.
629 (3) Dadda IV, Prasantaraga II, son of 2.
(4) Jayabhata III, son of 3.
(5) Dadda V, Bahusahaya, son of 4.
704 (6) Jayabhata IV, son of 5.
Fleet, who considers tbe plates upon which the above list is partly based as spurious
gives the following table of tbe Gurjaras : —
A.D.
(1) Dadda I.
(2) Vi tar a-ga- Jayabhata I, son of 1.
629 (3) Prasauraraga-Dadda II, son of 2.
(4) Jayabhata II, son of 3.
(5) Buhusahaya-Dadda III, son of 4.
706 (6) Jayabhata III, son of 5.
The Guttas of Guttal.—FKT)., Bom. Gaz., 579.
Magutta or Mahagutta.
Gutta I, son of 1 .
Malla or Mallideva, son of 2.
Vira-Vikramaditya I, son of 3.
Joma, Jomma, or Joyideva I, son of 4.
Gutta II, son of 4.
Ahavaditya, Vira-Vikramaditya II, son of 6.
Jovideva or Joyideva II, son of 7.
Vikramaditya III, son of 7.
Gutta III, son of 9.
Hiriyadeva, son of 9.
Joyideva III, son of 9.
The Hoxjsalas of Bourasamudra or Borasamudra. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 493.
A.D.
1048 (1) Vinayaditya.
(2) Erevahga, son of 1.
1103 (3) Ballala 1, son of 2.
1117 (4) Tribhuvanaraalla Vishnuvardhana, son of 2.
1159 (5) Tribhuvanamalla Narasiriiha I, son of 4.
1173 (6) Tribhuvanamalla Vira- Ballala II, son of 5.
1224 (7) Narasiriiha II, son of 6.
1234 (8) Vira-Somesvara, son of 7.
1254 (9) Vlra-Narasimha III, son of 8.
1292 (10) Vira-Ballala III, son of 9.
19
(1)
(2)
1115
(3)
(4)
1181
(5)
(6)
1182
(7)
1238
(8)
(9)
1262
(10)
(11)
(12)
290 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Jddejti or JTiudeju Princes of Kachh} — See ASWT. ii, 196 if.
A.D.
1250 Lakha, Ghurara, Gudara, or Dhodara. of the Sarama tribe, rules as Jam
of Nagar Thatta in Sindh. Of his eight sons, the eldest, Jam Unad
or 'Umar, succeeded his father, hut was afterwards put to death by
his brothers Moda or Muda and Manai, who, fleeing with Sandha
and Phula to Kachh, defeated the Chavadas of Patgadh and the
Vaghelas of Kanthkot and established themselves there as rulers.
1270 Jam Muda slays his maternal uncle Wagam Chavada and establishes him-
self at Gunthari.
1295 Sara, son and successor of Muda.
1300 Phula, son and successor of Sara.
1320 Lakha Phulani, see Tables.
1344 Pura or Puvara Gahani, nephew and successor of Lakha Phulani. Killed
after a short reign by the Yakshas. His widow Raj I invites Lakha
Jam to Kachh.
1350 Lakha Jam, see Tables.
1365 Rata Rayadhan, son and successor of Lakha. He had four sons, of whom
the third, Gajan, ruled at Bara near Thera in the west of Kachh ;
his son Hala gave to his son Rayadhan (a.d. 14-50) and descendants
the name of Hala. With the Jam of Navanagar they now possess
Halar in Kathiavad. Rayadhan's eldest son, Deda or Dadar, ruled
at Kanthkot.
1385 Athoji, second son of Rata Rayadhan, ruling at Ajapur to the north of
Bhuj.
1&05 Gahoji or Godaji, son of Atho.
1430 Vehafiji, son of Gaho.
1450 Mulvaji or Madvaji, son of Vehan.
1470 Kanyoji, son of Mulva.
1490 Amarji, son of Kanyoji.
1510 Bhimji, son of Amarji.
1525 Jam Hamirji, son of Bhimji, murdered in 1537 by Jam Raval Hala, who
was afterwards driven out of Kachh and founded Navanagar or
Jamnagar in Kathiavad.
Jesalmir Mahar meals.1
A.D.
Devaraj.
Munda.
Vachuji.
Dusaj . •
Vijayaraij.
* Bhojadeva, killed by his uncle.
1156 Jaisalji.
1168 Salivahan.
1200 Kailan, elder brother, repelled the Khan of Baloch.
1219 Chachikdeva.
1250 Karan.
1270 Lakharsena, insane, replaced by his son
1275 Punpal, dethroned by nobles.
1276 Jaitsi, recalled from Gujarat, defended the fort eight years.
1293 Mulraj III.
1306 Gharsi.
Kehar.
Given in the Appendix only.
APPENDIX. 291
Lakshman.
Bersi.
Chachuji.
Davedas.
Jaitsi.
Karansi.
Lankaru.
Baladeva.
Hararaj.
Bhiraa.
Manohardas.
Kamachandra.
Sabalsimha.
Amrasimha.
1 702 Jeswant.
Buddhasimha.
Tejabsimha.
1722 Akhayasimha.
1762 Mulraja.
1819 Gajasimha.
1846 Ranjitsimha.
1864 Bairlsal.
Kachchhapaghata Princes, from the Dublcund Inscription of Viler amasimha.
EL ii, 234.
AD.
(1) Yuvaraja.
(2) Arjuna, son of 1. Said to have slain Rajyapala of Kanauj (?) in the
interests of the Chandella Vidyadhara.
(3) Abhimanyu, son of 2 ; contemp. Bhoja of Malava.
(4) Vijayapala, son of 3.
1088 (5) Yikramasimha, son of 4 ; see Table's.
JCachchhapaghdta Princes, from Mahipdla's Sdsbdhu Inscription.
I A. xv, 35.
A.D.
(1) Lakshmana.
977 (2) Vajradaman, son of 1.
(3) Mangalaraja.
(4) Kirtiraja.
(5) Muladeva or Bhuvanapala, son of 4.
(6) Devapala, son of 5.
(7) Padmapala, son of 6.
1093 (8) Mahipala.
The Kddamlas of Goa. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 565.
A.D.
(1) Giihalla.
1007 (2) Chatta or Shashthadeva I, son of 1.
1052 (3) Jayakesin I, son of 2.
(4) Vijayaditya I, son of 3.
A.D.
1119
(5)
1147
(6)
1147
(7)
1187
(8)
(9)
1246
(10)
292 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Jayakes'in II, son of 4.
S'ivachitta Permadi, son of 5.
Vishnuchitta Vijayaditya II, son of 5.
Jayakes'in III, son of 7.
Tribhuvanamalla, son of 8.
Chattaya, S'ivachitta Shashthadeva II, son of 9.
The Kadambas of Hang al. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 559.
Mayuravarman I.
Krishnavarman.
Nagavarman I.
Vishnuvarman.
Mrigavarman.
Satyavarman.
Vijayavarman.
Jayavarman I.
Nagavarnian II.
S'antivarman I.
Kirtivarman I.
Adityavarman.
Chatta, Chattaya, or Chattuga.
Jayavarman II, or Jayasimha, son of 1.
Kirtivarman II, grandson of 2.
S'antivarman II, son of 2.
Taila or Tailapa II, son of 4.
Mayuravarman II, son of 5.
Mallikarjuna, son of 5.
Tailama, son of 5.
Kamadeva, son of 8.
The MaMranakas of Kakaredi, from the Rewa Copper-plates of Kumarapala
and ITarirdja. — I A. xvii, 235.
A.D.
Dhahilla.
Durjaya, son of 1.
Shojavarman, son of 2.
Jayavarman, son of 3.
Yatsaraja, son of 4.
Kirtivarman, son of 5.
Salashanavarman, son of 5.
(V)aha(da)varman, son of 7.
Hariraja, son of 7 ; see Tables.
Kumarapala, son of 9.
Kakatiyas of Orahgal.—TSO. iii, pt. 2, 84. ASSI*. ii, 172 ff.
Betmaraja, Tribhuvanamalla.
Prodaraja, son of 1.
Rudra or Prataparudradeva, son of 2.
Mahadeva.
Ganapati, son of 4.
Rudramadevi, wife or daughter of 5.
Prataparudradeva II, grandson of 6.
Krishna (Vlrabhadra in Sir W. Elliot's list, NO. loc. cit.).
(2)
1068
(3)
1075
(4)
1099
(5)
1131
(6)
1132
(7)
1147
(8)
1181
(9)
(1)
(^)
(3)
(4)
(5)
1175
fa
(7)
(8)
1241
(9)
1239
(10)
The I
A.D.
(1)
1150
m
1163
(3)
(4)
1231
(5)
1257
(6)
1294
(7)
1325
(8)
APPEKDIX. 293
The Kalachuris of Chedi.—CASR. ix, 112. EI. ii, 304.
Kakavarna.
Sankaragana.
Buddharaja, son of 2.
Kokkalla'l.
Mugdhatuuga Prasiddhadhavala, son of 4.
Balaharsha, son of 5.
Keyuravarsha Yuvarajadeva I, son of 5.
Lakshmanaraja, son of 7.
S'ankaraganadeva, son of 8.
Yuvarajadeva II, son of 8.
Kokkalladeva II, son of 10.
Gangeyadeva-Vikramaditya, son of 11.
Karnadeva, son of 12.
Yasahkarnadeva, son of 13.
Gayakarnadeva, son of 14.
Narasimhadeva, son of 15.
Jayasimhadeva, son of 15.
Vijayasimhadeva, son of 17.
The Kalachuris or Kalachuryas of Kalyuna. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 471.
Jogama.
Permadi, son of 1.
Tribhuvanamalla-Bijjala, son of 2.
Somesvara or Sovideva, son of 3.
Nissankamalla Sankama, son of 3.
Vlranarayana-Ahavamalla, son of 3.
Singhana, son of 3.
Kalachuri Rulers of Ratnapura. — EI. i, 46.
(1) Kalingaraja, claims descent from Kokkalla of Chedi, being called in one
place his son, in another the descendant of one of his sons. Said to
have settled at Tummana in Dakshinakosala.
Kamala, son of 1, described as lord of Tummana.
Ratnaraja Ratnadeva I or Ratnesa, son of 2, founded Ratnapura, married
Nonalla, daughter of Vajjuka, prince of the Komomandla.
Prithvideva I or Prithvisa, son of 3, married Rajalla.
Jiijalladeva I, son of 4.
Ratnadeva II, son of 5, claims to have defeated Chodagauga of Kalinga.
Prithvideva II, son of 6.
Jajalladeva II, son of 7.
Ratnadeva III, son of 8.
1190(F) (10) Prithvideva III, son of 9.
The Kings of Kashmir, from Kalhana's Rajatarahgim.
Karhota or Naga Dynasty of Kashmir. »
A.D.
(1) Durlabhavardhana, Prajnaditya.
(2) Durlabhaka, Pratapaditya.
713 (3) Chandrapida.
(4) Tarapida.
(1)
(2)
580
(3)
875
(4)
900
(5)
(6)
925
(7)
950
(8)
970
(9)
975
(10)
1000
(11)
1038
(12)
1042
(13)
1122
(14)
1151
(15)
1155
(16)
1177
(17)
1180
(18)
TheKa
A.D.
(1)
1128
(2)
1155
(3)
1168
(4)
1178
(5)
1180
(6)
1183
(7)
(2)
(3)
(4)
1114
(5)
(6)
1145
(7)
1168
(8)
1181
(9)
294 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
726
(5)
Lalitaditya I.
(6)
Kuvalayapida.
(7)
Lalitaditya II.
(8)
Prithivyapida I.
(9)
Sahgramapida II.
(10)
Jayapida.
813
(11)
Ajitapxda.
850
(12)
Anaiigaplda.
853
(13)
Utpalapida.
The Utpala Dynasty of Kashmir.
A.D.
855 (1) Ayantivarman.
883 (2) S'ahkaravarman.
902 (3) Gopalavarman.
904 (4) Sankata.
904 (5) Sugandha, mother of 3.
906 (6) Partha.
921 (7) Nirjitavarman, father of 6.
923 (8) Chakravarman.
933 (9) S'uravarman.
934 S'uravarman dethroned, Partha restored.
935 Partha again dethroned, Chakravarman restored.
936 (10) S'ambhuvardhana usurps the throne.
936 Chakravarman regains the throne.
937 (11) Unmattavanti.
939 (12) S'uravarman II, last of the Utpala Dynasty.
939 (1) Yas'askaradeva.
948 (2) Sangramadeva, son of 1 .
949 (3) Parvagupta.
950 (4) Kshemagupta, son of 3, married Didda.
958 (5) Ahhimanyu, son of 4.
972 (6) Nandigupta, son of 5.
973 (7) Tribhuvana, grandson of Didda.
975 (8) Bhimagupta, grandson of Didda.
980 (9) Didda.
1003 (10) Sangramaraja, adopted son of Didda.
1028 (11) Hariraja, son of 10.
1028 (12) Anantadeva, son of 10.
1063 Anantadeva abdicates in favour of Kalas'a.
1081 (13) Kalasa's actual reign begins on his father's death.
1089 (14) Utkarsha, son of 13.
1089 (15) Harshadeva, son of 13.
1101 (1) Uchchala, first of the younger branch of the Lohara family.
1111 (2) Radda, king for one night, succeeded by Salhana, a step-brother of Uchchala.
1112 (3) Sussala, brother of 1.
1120 Bhikshachara.
1127 Jayasimha, son of Sussala, crowned during his father's lifetime.
1128 Jayasimha succeeds his father.
APPENDIX. 295
List of the Tdka Princes of Kdshthd or Kddhd on the Jamnd, north of Delhi,
from the Madanavinodanighantu and Visvesvarabhatta' s Madanapurijdta:
see BR. 1883-4, p. 47.
A.D.
(1) Ratnapala.
(2) Bharahapala, son of 1 .
(3) Haris chandra, son of 2.
(4) Sadharana, son of 3.
(5) Sahajapala, son of 4.
1375 (6) Madanapala, brother of 5.
The Rdjdnakas of Ktragrdma from the Baijndth Prasasti. — EI. i. 101.
A.D.
(1) Kanda.
(2) Buddha, son of 1.
(3) Vigraha, son of 2.
(4) Brahman, son of 3.
(5) Dombaka, son of 4.
(6) Bhuvana, son of 5.
(7) Kalhana, son of 6.
(8) Bilhana, married to Lakshanika or Lakshana, daughter of Hridayachandra
of Trigarta.
(9) Eama, son of 8.
804 (10) Lakshmana, or Lakshmanachandra, son of 8, married Mayatalla.
The Chiefs of Konamandala, from the Pithdpuram Inscription of Mallideva
and Manma-Satya II. — EI. iv, 85.
A.D.
(1) Mummadi-Bhima I, tributary to Kulottunga-Choda I.
(2) Venna, son of 1.
(3) Rajaparendu I, son of 1.
(4) Mummadi-Bhima II, son of 3.
1128 (5) Rajendra-Choda I, Vikrama-Rudra, son of 3.
1135 (6) Satya I, Satyasraya or Kona-Satyaraja, son of 3.
(7) Beta, son of 5.
(8) Mallideva, son of 5. An inscription dated S'. 1077 probably refers to
this king.
(9) Manma-Choda II, son of 7.
XlO) Surya, son of 7.
(11) Lokabhixpalaka or Lokamahipala, son of 4.
(12) Rajaparendu II, son of 6.
1153 (13) Bhima III, son of 6.
(14) Vallabha, son of 12.
1195 (15) Manma Satya II or Manma-Satti, son of 14.
(16) Mahipalarendu, son of 14.
A.D.
1-2&2 S'. 118(4)-1222. Kona-Ganapatidevamaharaja.
1318 S'. 1240. Kona-Bhima-Vallabharaja.
Probably successors to the above chiefs.
296 THE CHKONOLOGY OF INDIA.
The Western Kshatrapas.—JHAS. 1890, 642 ff.
A.D.
119 (1) Nahapana.
126 (2) Chashtana.
(3) Jayadaman, son of 2.
150 (4) Budradainan, son of 3.
(5) Damazada, son of 4.
178 (6) Jivadaman, son of 5.
180 (7) Eudrasimha I, son of 4.
200 (8) Eudrasena I, son of 7.
222 (9) Sanghadaman, son of 7.
222 (10) Prithivisena,,son of 8.
226 (11) Damasena, son of 7.
232 (12) Damajadasrl I, son of 8.
236 (13) Viradaman, son of 11.
238 (14) YasodamanI, son of 11.
238 (15) Vijayasena, son of 11.
250 (16) Isvaradatta.
254 (17) Damajadasri II, son of 11.
258 (18) Eudrasena II, son of 13.
276 (19) Visvasimha, son of 18.
278 (20) Bhartridaman, son of 18.
(21) Simhasena, son of 18.
294 (22) Visvasena, son of 20.
3(»9 (23) Eudrasimha II, son of SvamI Jivadaman.
318 (24) Yasodaman II, son of 23.
(25) Simhasena, sister's son of Eudrasimha.
348 (26) Svami Eudrasena, son of !>vami Eudradaman.
388 (27) Eudrasimha, son of Satyasimha.
The Lichehhavh of Eastern Nepal. — CI. iii, App. iy, 1 89.
A.D.
635 S'ivadeva I.
654 Dhruvadeva.
(1) Vrishadeva, preceded by 11 unnamed ancestors and Jayadeva I.
(2) S'ankaradeya, son of 1.
(3) Dharmadeva, son of 2.
705 (4) Manadeva, son of 3.
733 (5) Mahideva, son of 4.
754 (6) Vasantasena, son of 5.
Kings of Mahodaya or Kanauj. — EI. i, 170.
A.D.
862 (1) Bhoja, son of Bamabhadra or Eamadeva of Kanauj.
903 (2) Mahendrapala, son of 1.
917 (3) Mahipula or Kshitipala, son of 2.
948 (4) Devapala.
APPENDIX. 297
AD.
1399
(1)
1423
(2)
1458
(3)
1478
(4)
1513
(5)
1552
(6)
1571
(7)
1676
(8)
1578
(9)
1617
(10)
1637
(11)
1638
(12)
1659
(13)
1672
(14)
1704
(15)
1714
(16)
1731
(17)
A.D.
1212
The Rajas of Maimr. a— ASSI. ii, 194.
Vijaya.
Hire Bettada Chama Raja, son of 1.
Timraa Raja, son of 2.
Arberal Chama Raja, son of 3.
Bettada Chama Raja, son of 4.
Appana Timma, son of 5.
Hire Chama Raja, son of 5.
Bettada Udaiyar, relationship not stated, called a cousin of Hire Chama
" Raja.'
Raja Udaiyar, brother of 8.
Chama Raja I, grandson of 9.
Immadi Raja, son of 9.
Kanthlrava Narasa Raja, son of 8.
Ketnpa Deva Raja, grandson of 7-
Chikka Deva, great-grandson of 7.
Kanthlrava Raja (Mukarasu), son of 14.
Dodda Krishna Raja, son of 15.
Chama Raja.
The Raos of Murvdd or Jodhpur.1
Sivaji
Ashtama.
Duhar or Dhaula Rai.
Rayapala.
Kanhal.
Jalhansi.
Chada.
Thida.
Salkha.
Viramdeva.
1381 Chonda.
1408 Rinmal.
1427 Rao Jodha.
1489 Rao Suja or Surajmal.
1516 Rao Gaiiga.
1532 Rao Maldeo, invaded by Akbar in a.d. 1551.
1584 Udayasimha: the Rathors acknowledge the supremacy of the Mughal
emperors, marriage alliance with Akbar.
1595 Surasimha, called Siwai Raja, a general in Mughal armies.
1620 Raja Gajasimha, slain in Gujarat.
1638 Jeswantsimha, died in Kabul.
1680 Ajitasimha, posthumous son of Jeswant. Rathor conflict at Delhi,
4th July, 1679 (7th S'ravana, V. Sam. 1716) ; 30 years' war against
the Empire. Murdered by his son.
1725 Abhayasimha ; entitled Maharaja Rajesvar, 1728.
1750 Ramasimha, son of Abhava, defeated by his uncle.
1751 Bakhtsimha, poisoned 1752 (V. Sam. 1809).
1752 Vijayasimha, disputed possession with Ramasimha.
1792 Bhlraasimha, usurps throne on his grandfather's death, by defeat of
Zalim Siiih.
1803 Manasiiiiha, feud for Krishna Kumari, the Udepur princess.
1843 Takhtsiniha, brought from Ahmadnagar. '
1873 Jeswantsimha.
Given in the Appendix only.
298 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
The Princes of Nalapura (JVarwar), from the Narwar Inscription of
Ganapati.—IA. xxii, 81. PK. 67 ff. CASE, ii, 314 ££.
A.D.
1224
1247
(1)
[ Malay avar made va . x ]
Chahadadeva.
(2)
Nrivarman, son of 1.
1255
(3)
Asaladeva, son of 2.
(4)
Gopala, son of 3.
1292
(5)
Ganapati, son of 4.
m
(3)
(4)
(5)
1153
(6)
1166
(7)
1207
(8)
(9)
The Nikumbhas of Kliandesh : a line of Chieftains the later members of ivhich
were feudatories of the Yadavas of Devagiri. — IA. viii, 39. EI. i, 339.
A.D.
Krishnaraja I.
Govana I, son of 1.
Govindaraja, son of 2.
Govana II, son of 3.
Krishnaraja II, son of 4, possibly the Kannaradeva whose name is inscribed
on the Kailasa temple at Elura. — ASWL, Beps., Elura Inscriptions,
p. 97.
Indraraja, son of 5.
Govana III, son of 6.
Soideva, son of 7.
Hemadideva, son of 7.
The Pula Dynasty of Bengal. — IA. xxi, 99. CASH, xi, 181, etc.
A.D.
(1) Gopala I.
8/j.O (2) Dharmapala, son of 1 .
(3) Devapala, nephew of 2, but represented as his son in the Muhgir copper-
plate, issued by him in the year 33. — CASK,, iii, 114, 120. JBA.
xvii, 492 (undated inscription from Ghosrawa). IA. xxi, 253.
(4) Vigrahapala I or Surapala, nephew of 3 : married Lajja, a Haihaya
princess. — IA. xxi, 99. El. ii, 161.
(5) Narayanapala, son of 4 : issued the Bhagalpur plate in the 1 7th vear
of his reign.— CASE, iii, 117, and EI. ii, 160 (Badal pillar
inscription) ; ib. 121 (Gaya inscription of 7th year). IA. xv, 304
(Bhagalpur plate).
(6) Eajyapala, son of 5 : married Bhagyadevi, a daughter of the Eashtrakiita
Tuiiga, possibly Jagattuhga. — IA. xxi, 99.
(7) Gopala II, son of 6.— IA. xxi, 99.
(8) Vigrahapala II, son of 7.
1026 (9) Mahipala, son of 8.
(10) Nayapala, son of 9. A Bengal MS. of the Paneharaksha is dated in hia
14th year and a Gaya inscription in his 15th year. — Bendall, BSM.,
Int. iii and p. 175. CASE, iii, 123 and pi. xxxvii.
(11) Vigrahapala III, son of 10.
(12) Eamapala, son of 11. — CASE, iii, 124 (inscriptions from Bihar of the
year 2) ; ib. xi, 169 (Chandi-mau inscription of the year 12).
1 Not mentioned in the above-named list. Numismatic evidence points to his having
been the predecessor of Chahadadeva, though possibly not of the same line.
APPENDIX. 299
A.D.
(13) Kurnarapala, son of 12, mentioned in the copper-plate of his minister
Yaidvadeva, King of Kamarupa, issued possibly a.d. 1142. —
EI. ii, 347.
Mahendrapala. — CASR. i, 4 (Ram-Gaya inscription of the year 8) ;
ib. iii, 123, 124; xi, 181; xv, 154. JBA. xvi, 278 (Gunariya
inscription of the year 9) ; xvii, pt. 1, 234 (inscription of 19th
year) .
Madanapala. — CASR. iii, 124 (Bihar Hill inscription of the year 3) ; ib. 125
(Jajnagar inscription of the year 19) ; xi, 181 ; ib. xix, 30 (Baijnath
inscription of the year 9). IA. xiv, 99.
1161 Govindapala.
Indradyumna, according to tradition the last Pala king of Bengal. —
CASR. xi, 181.
List of the Pala-Rdthor Dynasty of Budaun, as given in Lakhanapdla' 's
Inscription. — ASNI. ii, 20.
(1) Chandra.
(2) Vigrahapaladeva, son of 1.
(3) Bhuvanapala, son of 2.
(4) Gopaladeva, son of 3.
(5) Tribhuvana, son of 4.
(6) Madanapala, son of 4.
(7) Devapala, son of 4.
(8) Bhimapala, son of 7.
(9) Surapala, son of 8.
(10) Amritapala, son of 9.
(11) Lakhanapala, son of 9.
Genealogy of the Pallavas, according to the Kuram and Kasukudi Grants.
FKD., Bom. Gaz., 323. ASSI. iii, 144; iv, 342.
A.D.
Simhavishnu, son of an unnamed ancestor.
Mahendravarman I, son of 1.
Narasimhavarman I, son of 2.
Mahendravarman II, son of 3.
Paramesvaravarman I, son of 4.
Narasimhavarman II, son of 5.
Paramesvaravarman II, son of 6.
Mahendravarman III, son of 6.
Genealogy of the Pallava, Nandivarman, according to the Kasukudi Grant.
ASSI. iv, 344. FKD., Bom. Gaz., 323.
A.D.
Bhimavarman.
Buddhavarman.
Adityavarman.
Govindavarman.
735 Hiranyavarman.
Nandivarman.
(1)
(2)
642
(3)
(4)
660
(5)
680
(6)
695
(7)
(8)
300
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A.D.
825
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
950
(6)
974
(7)
995
(8)
1010
(9)
1055
(10)
1080
(11)
1085
(12)
1104
(13)
1133
(14)
1138
(15)
(16)
1160
(17)
(18)
1211
(19)
The Paramdras of Malava.—EI. i, 224. IA. xix, 345 ff.
Krishna- Upendra .
Vairisimha I, son of 1.
Slyaka I, son of 2.
Vakpati I, son of 3.
Vairisimha II, Vajratasvamin, son of 4.
Harshadeva, Slyaka II, son of 5.
Vakpati II, Munja, son of 6.
Sindhuraja, son of 6.
Bhoja, son of 8.
Jayasimha.
Udayaditya.
Lakshmadeva or Lakshmldeva, son of 11.
Naravarman, son of 11.
YaSovarman, son of 13.
Jayavarman, son of 14.
Ajayavarman, son of 14.
Vindhyavarman, son of 16.
Subhatavarman.
Arjunavarman, son of 18.
The Parivrajaha Maharajas. — CI. iii, 93-112. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, 100.
A.D.
(1) Devadhya.
(2) Prabhafijana, son of 1.
(3) Damodara, son of 2.
475 (4) Hastin, son of 3.
528 (5) Sahkshobha, son of 4.
The Pashtrakutas.—'BD. 78. EI. iii, 54.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
754
(6)
760
(7)
783
(8)
(9)
794
(10)
814
(11)
877
(12)
915
(13)
918
(14)
918
(15)
934
(16)
940
(17)
971
(18)
972
(19)
982
(d.)
Dantivarman.
Indra I, son of 1.
Govinda I, son of 2.
Karka I, son of 3.
Indra II, son of 4.
Dantidurga, son of 5.
Krishna I, son of 4.
Govinda II, son of 7.
Dhruva Nirupama, son of 7.
Govinda III, son of 9.
Amoghavarsha I, son of 10.
Krishna II, Akalavarsha, son of 11.
Indra III, grandson of 12.
Amoghavarsha II, son of 13.
Govinda IV, son of 13.
Baddiga or Amoghavarsha III, son of 12.
Krishna III, son of 16.
Khotika, son of 16.
Kakkala, Karka II or Amoghavarsha IV, grandson of 16 and nephew of 18.
Indra Batta-Kandarpa, grandson of 17.
APPENDIX. 301
Rdshtrakutas or Ruthors of Gujarat. — EI. iii, 54. JBRAS. xvi, 105.
First Branch.
A.D.
(1) Kakkaraja.
(2) Dhruvarajadeva, son of 1.
(3) Govindaraja, son of 2.
757 (4) Kakkaraja II, son of 3.
A.D.
807
(1)
812
(2)
812
(3)
835
(4)
850
(o)
867
(6)
867
(7)
888
(8)
Second Branch.
Indrariija.
Karkaraja Suvarnavarsha, son of 1.
Govindaraja Prablmtavarsha, son of 1.
Dhruvaraja Nirupama Dharavarsha I, son of 2.
Akalavarsha S'ubhatunga, son of 4.
Dhruvaraja Nirupama Dharavarsha II, son of 5.
? Dantivarman.
? Krishnaraja Akalavarsha, son of 7.
The Ratta Chieftains of Saundatti. — FED., Bom. Gaz., 551.
First Branch.
Merada.
Prithvlrama, son of 1.
Pittuga, son of 2.
S'antivarman, son of 3.
Second Branch.
Nanna.
Kartavirya I, son of 1.
Davari or Dayima, son of 2.
Kannakaira I, son of 2.
Erega, son of 4.
Anka, son of 4.
Sena I, son of 5.
Kannakaira II,1 son of 7.
Kartavirya II,1 son of 7.
Sena II, son of 9.
Kartavirya III, son of 10.
Lakshmldeva I, son of 11.
Kartavirya IV, son of 12.
Mallikarjuna, son of 12.
Lakshmldeva II, son of 13.
1 The dated inscriptions of Kannakaira II and Kartavirya II belong to the years 1082
and 1087 a.d. As, however, they are stated to have been feudatories of Sotnegvara II,
the Later Chalukya, their joint rule must have begun between a.d. 1069 and 1076, the
period of the latter' s reign.
(1)
875
2
(3)
980
(4)
A.D.
(1)
980
(2)
(3)
(4)
1040
(5)
1048
(6)
(7)
1069-
76 (8)
1069-
76 (9)
1096 '
M10)
1143
(11)
1209 ? (12)
1199
(13)
1204
(14)
1228
(15)
302 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
The Reddi Chiefs of Kondavidu}—k.SSI. ii, 187.
A.D.
1328 Poliya (Prole or Prolaya) Yema Reddi, said to have been a son of Donti
Alia Eeddi.
1339 Ana Vema Eeddi.
1369 Aliya Vema Eeddi.
1381 Komaragiri Vema Eeddi.
1395 Komati Venka Eeddi.
1423 Eacha Venka Eeddi'.
1427 Overthrow of the dynasty by the Muhammadans.
Sammas of Sindh.—kSWI. ii, 198. TdrlJch-i-M'asuml, EHI. i, 223 ff.
A.D.
Armil having usurped the throne of the Sumras in Sindh is slain towards
the end of the thirteenth or beginning of the fourteenth century by
Unar, a member of the Samma tribe, some of whom had come from
Kachh and settled in Sindh. Unar is slain after a short reign by
his own subjects.
Jam Juna, Samma, succeeds Unar.
Tamachi succeeds Jam Juna. One MS. of the Tdrikh-i-M'asumi calls
him son of Jam Unar.
Malik Khairu-d-Din succeeds Tamachi; was reigning during Muhammad
ibn Tughlaq's invasion of Thatta in a.d. 1351.
Jam Babiniya, son and successor of Malik Khairu-d-Din.
Jam Tamachi II, brother and successor of Babiniya.
Jam Salahu-d-Dln succeeds Tamachi II.
Jam Tamachi II, brother and successor of Babiniya.
Jam Salahu-d-Din succeeds Tamachi II.
Jam Nizamu-d-Din, son and successor of Salahu-d-Din.
Jam 'All Sber succeeds Nizamu-d-Din ; reigned 7 years.
Jam Karan succeeds 'All Sher.
Jam Fath Khan succeeds Karan.
Jam Tughlaq, brother and successor of Fath Khan ; reigned 28 years.
Jam Sikandar, son and successor of Tughlaq : reigned a year and a half.
Jam Eayadhan, from Kachh.
Jam Sanjar succeeds Eayadhan ; said to have reigned 8 years.
Jam Nizamu-d-Din succeeds Sanjar.
Jam Firuz, son and successor of jSTizamu-d-Dln.
The Sena Kings of Bengal,3 according to Abu-l-FazI. — PUT. 272.
A.D.
Sukh Sen, i.e. Sukhasena.
Belal Sen, i.e. Ballalasena.
Lakshman Sen Lakshmanasena.
Madhava Sen.
Kesava Sen.
Sura Sen.
JSTarayana, i.e. Noujeb, last raja of Abii-l-Fazl's list.
Lakshmana.
Lakshmaniya.
1 Given onlv in the Appendix.
2 See Tables.
3 The chronology of the Sena kings is at present so unsettled that no treatment of
it has been attempted.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
1367
(8)
1380
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
1397
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
1461 =
1 (1«)
1509
(19)
APPENDIX. 303
List derived from the Deopara Inscription of Vijayasena and the Tarpan-
diglu Inscription of Lakshmana. — EI. i, 306. JBA. xliv, 1 ff. ;
ib. lxv, 6 ff.
A.D.
(1) Samantasena.
(2) Heraantasena, son of 1.
(3) Vijayasena, son of 2.
(4) Ballalasena, son of 3.
1119 (5) Lakshmanasena, son of 4 ; see Tables.
(6) Visvariipasena (see JBA. lxv, 6 ff.).
Hindu Shahiya Kings of Kabul. — Sachau, Alberuni's India, ii, 13.
JRAS. ix, 177. NC., 3rd ser., vol. ii, 128 ; ix, 285 ff. IA. xv, 185.
A.D.
Kallar, a Brahman, deposed Laga Turman, last of the Turkish Shahiyas
of Kabul. He was succeeded by Samand (Samanta).
902 Kamalu.
950 Bhima (I).
Jaipal.
1001 Anandpal.
1013 Tarojanapala, i.e. Trilochanapala.
Bhimapala (II), died a.d. 1025 (H. 416 or 417).
The Sildhuras of the Northern Konkan. — J BRAS, xiii, 10 ff. IA. ix,
45, 46. EKD., Bom. Gaz., 539, and Bom. Gaz., xiii, pt. 2, 426-7.
A.D.
815 (1) Kapardin I.
843 (2) Pulasakti, son of 1.
851 (3) Kapardin II, son of 2.
(4) Vappuvanna, son of 3.
(5) Jhanjha, son of 4.
(6) Goggi, son of 4.
(7) Vajjada, son of 6.
997 (8) Aparajita, son of 7.
(9) Vajjada II, son' of 8.
1017 (10) Arikesarin or Ke^ideva, son of 8.
1026 (11) Chhittaraja, son of 9.
(12) Nagarjuna, son of 9.
1050 (13) Mummuni, son of 9.
1095 (14) Anantadeva, son of 12.
1138 (15) Aparaditya I.
1149 (16) Haripala.
1156 (17) Mallikarjuna.
1184 (18) Aparaditya II.
1203 (19) KeSideva.
1249 (20) Soraesvara.
304 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
The Sildras, Sildras, or Sildhdras of the Southern Koiihan, from the
Khdrepdtan Copper-plate of Rattardja. — EL iii, 294. FKD.,
Bom. Gaz.} 537.
A.D.
(1) Sanaphulla.
(2) Dhammiyara, son of 1.
(3) Aiyaparaja, son of 2.
(4) Avasara I, son of 3.
(5) Adityavarman, son of 4.
(6) Avasara II, son of 5.
(7) Indraraja, son of 6.
(8) Bhima, son of 7.
(9) Avasara III, son of 8.
1009 (10) Rattaraja, son of 9 ; see Tables.
Sildharas of Kolhdpur.— -FKD., Bom. Gaz., 104, 545. ED. 125.
A.D.
Jatiga I.
Nayimma or Nayivarman, son of 1 .
Chandraraja, son of 2.
Jatiga II, son of 3.
Gonka or Gohkala, son of 4.
Guvala I, son of 4.
Kirtiraja, son of 4.
Chandraditya, son of 4.
Marasimha, son of 5.
Guvala II, son of 9.
Bhoja I, son of 9.
Ballala, son of 9.
Gandaraditya, son of 9.
Vijayaditya or Vijayarka, son of 13.
Bhoja II, son of 14.
Note. — Vijayaditya's Kolhapur inscription of S'. 1065 inserts a Gangadeva, represented
as another son of Marasimha, between Guvala II and Bhoja I, but his name is omitted
in the grants of Gandaraditya and Bhoja II.
The Sindas of Yelburga.—TKD., Bom. Gaz., 573.
A.D.
(1) Unnamed ancestor.
(2) Achugi I, son of 1.
(3) Naka, son of 1.
(4) Sihga I, son of 1.
(5) Dasa, son of 1.
(6) Dama, son of 1.
(7) Chavunda I, son of 1.
(8) Chava, son of 1.
(9) Bamma, son of 2.
1076 (10) Sihga II, son of 2.
1122 (11) Achugi II, son of 10.
1144 (12) Permadil, son of 11.
1163 (13) Chavunda II, son of 11.
1163 (14) Achugi III, son of 13.
(15) Permadi II, son of 13.
1169 (16) Bijjala, son of 13.
1169 and 1179 "(17) Vikrama, son of 13.
(1)
2
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(«)
1058
(9)
(10)
1098
(11)
(12)
1110
(13)
1143
(14)
1190
(15)
APPENDIX. 305
Genealogical Table of the Family of Raja Sivasimha, compiled from the
Punjas of Mithild. See I A. xiv, 187, 196.
A.D.
(a) Adhirupa Thakur.
(b) Visvarupa Thilkur, son of a.
(c) Govinda Thakur, son of b.
(d) Lakshmana Thakur, son of c.
(1) Raja Pandita KameSvara Thakur, son of d (first king).
(2) Bhogesvara, son of 1 .
(3) Bhavasiriiha or Bhavesvara, son of 1.
(4) Devasimha, son of 3.
1399 (5) S'ivasiriiha, son of 4 ; see Tables.
(6) LakhimadevI, wife of 5.
(7) Visvasadevi, wife of 5.
(8) Narasimha or Darpa Narayana, cousin of 5 and grandson of 3.
(9) Dhirasimha or Hridaya Narayana, son of 8.
(10) Bhairavasimha or Hari Narayana, son of 8.
1495 (11) Ramabhadra or Rupa Narayana, son of 10.
(12) Lakshminatha or Kariisa Narayana, son of 11.
The Somavainsi Kings of Katak. — EI. iii, 327.
A.D.
(1) S'ivagupta.
(2) Janamejaya Maha-Bhavagupta I, son of 1.
(3) Yayati Maha- S'ivagupta, son of 2.
(4) Bhimaratha Maha-Bhavagupta II, son of 3.
Note. — The records of these kings are not dated in any era, but Fleet has assigned
them on palseographical grounds to some period between the eleventh and twelfth
centuries. For Stirling's list of the kings of Orissa, see AR. xv, 256, or ASSI. ii, 2U4 ff.
For Fleet's remarks on the sources from which it is compiled see EL, loc. cit.
The Sumras of Sindh, according to the Tuhfatu-l-Kirdm. — EHI. i, 344-5,
483 ff.
A.D.
Iu53 (1) Sumra, raised to the throne of Sindh ; see Tables.
(2) Bhungar I, son of 1, reigned 15 years.
1069 (3) Duda 1, son of 2, reigned 24 years.
1092 (4) Singhar, reigned 15 years.
(5) Khafif I, reigned 36 years.
(6) 'Dmar, reigned 40 years.
(7) Duda II, reigned 14 years.
(8) Phatu, reigned 33 years.
(9) Genhra I, reigned 16 years.
(10) Muhammad Tur, reigned 15 years.
(11) Genhra II.
(12) Duda III, reigned 14 years.
(13) Tai, reigned 24 years.
(14) Chanesar, reigned 18 years.
(15) Bhungar II, reigned 15 years.
(16) Khafif II, reigned 18 years.
(17) Duda IV, reigned 25 years.
(18) 'Umar Sumra, reigned 35 years.
(19) Bhungar III, reigned 1<) years.
(20) Hamir, overthrown by the Samma tribe.
20
306 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Thahurl Dynasty of Western Nepal. — CI. iii, App. iv, 189. JBA. lviii, 100.
A.D.
635 (1) Amsuvarman.
654 (2) Jishnugnpta.
(3) Udayadeva.
(4) Narendradeva, son of 3.
725 (5) S'ivadeva II, son of 4.
751 (?) (6) Jayadeva II, son of 5.
Kings of Thdnesar.—JBA. lviii, 100. EI. i, 68.
A.D.
(1) Naravardhana, married Vajrinidevi.
(2) Rajyavardhana I, son of 1, married Apsarodevl.
(3) Adityavardhana, son of 2, married Mahasenaguptadevi.
585 (4) Prabhakaravardhana, son of 3.
605 (5) Rajyavardhana II, son of 4.
606 (6) Harshavardhana, son of 4.
Tomara Princes of Gwaliar from the Rohtas Inscription, JBA. viii, 693 ;
xxxi, 404 ; and Narwar Pillar Inscription, CASH, ii, 324.
A.D.
(1) Virasimha.
(2) Uddharanadeva, son of 1.
(3) Virama, son of 2.
(4) Ganapatideva, son of 3.
1440-53 (5) Dungarendradeva, son of 4.
(6) Kirtisimha, son of 5.
(7) Kalyanamalla, son of 6.
(8) Mana Shahi, son of 7.
(9) Vikrama Shahi, son of 8.
(10) Rama Shahi, son of 9.
(11) Salivahana, son of 10.
(12) Syama Shahi, son of 11.
'(13) Viramitrasena, son of 12.
Sankarendra.
Nagasimha.
The Rajas of Triyarta1 or Kot Kahgra. — CASK, v, 152.
A.D.
1315
Jayasiniha.
1330
Prithvl.
1345
Purva.
1360
Riipa.
1375
Sriiigara.
1390
Megha.
1405
Hari.
1420
Karma.
1435
Samsara ; s
1450
Devanga.
1465
Narendra.
1480
Suvlra.
1495
Prayaga.
1510
Eama.
see Tables, a.d. 1430.
1 Given in the Appendix only.
APPENDIX. 307
A.D.
Ifi28
Dharma.
1563
1570
Manikya.
Java.
1585
Vriddhi.
1610
Triloka.
1630
Hari.
1650
Chandrabhan.
1670
1687
Vijaya Rama,
Bhima.
1697
Alama.
1700
Hamira.
1747
1761
Abbaya.
Ghamanda.
1773
1776
Tega.
Sansara.
1823
Aniruddha.
1829
Ranavira.
The Rajas of Kangra or Jalandhara ruled the district known as Trigarta lying
between the Ravi and the Satlaj and were probably feudatories of their more powerful
neighbours, the extent of their kingdom varying from time to time. They lost their fort
of Kangra to the Muhammadans in the reign of Muhammad ibn Tughlaq, but forty years
later, at the time of Timur's invasion, they regained their independence and kept it
until the time of Akbar, when they again became feudatories of the Delhi Empire. —
CASR. v, 145 ff.
Maharajas of Uchchhakalpa. — CI. iii, 117-135. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, 100.
A..D.
(1) Oghadeva, married Kumaradevi.
(2) Kumaradeva, son of 1, married Jayasvamini.
(3) Jayasvamin, son of 2, married Ramadevi.
(4) Vyaghra, son of 3, married Ajjhitadevl.
422 (5) Jayanatha, son of 4.
441 (6) S'arvanatha, son of 5.
The Vakdtaka Maharajas.— Buhler, IA. xii, 239 ff. CI. iii, 233-243 ;
Int., p. 15. JBA. lviii, 100. EI. iii, 258.
The Vakataka Maharajas seem from their grants to have ruled independently a tract
of country bounded by the Mahadeva and Ajanta Hills on the north and west, the
sources of the Mahanadi on the east and the Godavari on the south. The village of
Charmanka in the Bhojakata kingdom, mentioned in the grant of Pravarasena III,
is the modern Chammak in the Elichpur district. The dynasty belonged to the Vishnu
vridha gotra. Biihler placed Vindhyasakti about a.d. 275. Fleet fixes the dates of the
dynasty by the allusion to Devagupta as father-in-law of Rudrasena II, this Devagupta
being according to his view the king of Magadha who reigned about a.d. 675.
A.D.
(1) Vindhyasakti.
(2) Pravarasena I. His son Gautamlputra married a daughter of King
Bhavanaga Bharasiva, and apparently died before his father.
(3) Rudrasena I, son of Gautamlputra.
(4) Prithivishena, son of 3, mentioned in two inscriptions from Jsachne-kl-
talai with his feudatory Vyaghradeva.
308 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
(5) Rudrasena II, son of 4, married Prabhavatigupta, daughter of the King
of Kings Devagupta.
(6) Pravarasena II, son of 5. Copper-plates from Chammak and Seoni of his
eighteenth year, and a copper-plate from Dudia of his twenty-third
year. — Kieihorn, EI. iii, 258.
(7) Rudrasena III, son of 6.
(8) Unnamed son of 7.
(9) Devasena, son of 8.
(10) Harishena, son of 9.
The Valabhi Dynasty .—0,1. iii, Introd. 41. JBA. lviii, pt. 1, 100.
IA. y, 208.
Bhatarka.
Dharasena I, son of 1 .
Dronasimha, son of 1.
Dhruvasena I, son of 1.
Dharapatta, son of 1.
Guhasena, son of 5.
Dharasena II, son of 6.
S'iladitya I, son of 7.
Kharagraha I, son of 7.
Dharasena III, son of 9.
Dhruvasena II, son of 9.
Dharasena IV, son of 11.
Dhruvasena III, grandson of 8.
Kharagraha II, grandson of 8.
S'iladitya II, nephew of 14.
S'iladitya III, son of 15.
S'iladitya IV, son of 16.
S'iladitya V, son of 17.
S'iladitya VI, son of 18.
The Mau/chari Varmans.—CASR. ix, 27 ; xv, 164-166 ; xvi, 81 . IA. xiv,
68. CI. iii, 219-228. JRAS., n.s., xxi, 136. JBA. lviii, 100.
A.D.
(1) ,Harivarman, married Jayasvamini.
(2) Adityavarman, son of 1, married Harshagupta.
(3) Isvaravarman, son of 2, married Upagupta (undated inscription from
Jaunpur).
550 (4) Tsanavarman, son of 3.
(5) S'arvavarman, son of 4, contemp. Damodaragupta of Magadha (undated
seal from Asirgadh).
(6) Susthitavarman, contemp. Mahasenagupta of Magadha.
(7) Avantivarman.
600 (8) Grahavarman, son of 7.
(9) Bhogavarman.
(10) Yasovarman.
Varmans of Western Malava. — CI. iii, 79 ff.
A.D.
(1) Naravarman.
423 (2) Visvavarman, son or brother of 1 .
437 (3) Randhuvarman, son of 2.
A.D.
m
(1)
(2)
520
(3)
526
(4)
5W
(5)
559
(6)
571
(7)
605
(8)
(9)
615
620
(10)
629
(11)
641
(12)
(13)
651
656
(14)
667
(15)
691
(16)
722
(17)
760
(18)
766
(19)
APPENDIX. 309
The Chiefs of Velanundu, from the Pithdpuram Inscription of PrithvUvara.
EI. iv, 35.
A.D.
Malla I.
Eriyavarman, son of 1.
Kudiyavarman I, son of 2.
Malla II or Piduvaraditya, son of 3.
Kudiyavarman or Kudyavarman II, son of 4.
Erraya, son of 5.
Nanniraja, son of 6.
Vedura I, son of 7.
Ganda, son of 7.
Gonka I, son of 7.
Mallaya, son of 7.
Panda, son of 7-
Vedura II, son of 9.
Choda, son of 10.
Gonka II, son of 14.
Vira-Rajendra-Choda, son of 15.
Gonka III or Kulottunga-Manma-Gontaraja, son of 16.
Prithvisvara, son of 17.
The First Dynasty of Vijayanagara. — EI. iii, 36.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
1186
(18)
A.D.
(1)
1339
(2)
1354
(3)
1379
(4)
1406
[6
1408
(6)
1413
(7)
1424
(8)
1453
(9)
1470
(10)
1479
(11)
1483
(12)
I.
Harihara I, son of 1.
Pukka I, son of 1.
Harihara II, son of 3.
Bukka II, son of 4.
Devaraya I, son of 4.
Vira Vijaya, son of 6.
Devaraya II, son of 7.
Mallikarjuna, son of 8.
Virupaksha, son of 8.
Rajasekhara, son of 9.
Virupaksha II, son of 9.
The Second Dynasty of Vijayanagara. — EI. i, 362 ; iii, 147 ; iv, 3.
A.D.
1455 (?)(1) Timma.
(2) Isvara.
1473 (3) Narasa or Nrisiriiha, son of 2.
(4) Vira-Nrisimha.
1508 (5) Krishnaraya, son of 3.
1530 (6) Achyutaraya.
(7) Venkataraya.
1542 (8) SadaSivaraya.
The Early Yadavas or Yadavas of Seunadesa. — BD. 104. EI. iii, 217, 2 L8.
EKD., Pom. Gaz., 519.
A.D.
825 (1) Dridhaprahara.
(2) Seunachandra I, son of 1. x
(3) Dhadiyappa I, son of 2.
310 . THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
(4) Bhillama I, son of 3.
(5) Rajagi or S'riraja, son of 4.
(6) Vadugi or Vaddiga I, son of 5.
(7) Dhadiyappa II, son of 6.
1000 (8) Bhillama II, son of 6.
(9) Vesugi I, son of 8.
1025 (10) Bhillama III, son of 9.
(11) Vadugi II, son of 10.
(12) Vesugi II.
(13) Bhillama IV.
1069 (14) Seunachandra II or Sevanadeva.
(15) Mallugideva, son of 14.
(16) Amaraganga, son of 15.
(17) Karnadeva, son of 15.
(18) Bhillama V, son of 17, afterwards first of the Later Yadavas of Devagiri.
Hemadri's list of the Yadavas after Seunachandra II differs from the above and is
as follows : —
(14) Seunachandra II.
(15) Parammadeva, son of 14.
(16) Singhana, son of 14.
(17) Mallugi, son of 16.
(18) Amaragangeya, son of 17.
(19) Govindaraja, son of 18.
(20) Amaramallagi, son of 17.
(21) Ballala, son of 20.
(22) Bhillama V, son of 17.
See BD. 103, n. 8.
The Later Yadavas of Devagiri. — FKD., Bom. Gaz., 519. BD.
A.D.
1187 (1) Bhillama I.
1191 (2) Jaitugi or Jaitrapala I, son of 1.
1210 (3) Singhana, son of 2.
Jaitrapala or Jaitugi II, son of 3.
1247 (4) Krishna, scm of Jaitugi II.
1260 (5) Mahadeva, son of Jaitugi II.
1271 (6) B/tmachandra or Ramadeva, son of 4.
1309 (7) S'ankara, son of 6.
(8) Harapala, son-in-law of 6, put to death a.d. 1318.
List of Princes from the Dighwd-JDubaull Copper-plate of Mahendropula
and the Bengal Asiatic Society's Copper-plate of Vinayakapala. —
I A. xv, 105 ff.
A.D.
(1) Devasakti, married Bhuyika.
(2) Vatsaraja, son of 1, married Sundari.
(3) Nagabhata, son of 2, married Isata.
(4) Ramabhadra, son of 3, married Appa.
(5) Bhoja I, son of 4, married Chandrabhattarika.
761 (6) Mahendrapala, son of 5.
(7) Bhoja II, son of 6.
794 (8) Vinayakapala, brother of 7.
APPENDIX. 311
Rulers of Ghazni alone.
MUHAMMADAN DYNASTIES.1
Rulers of Ghazni. — Sec S. Lane-Poole, The Mohammadan Dynasties, p. 289.
Alp-Tigm.4^ ^
Is-haq, son of 1.
Balka-Tigln, slave of 1.
Piri or Pirey, slave of 1
Sabuk-Tigln, slave of 1
Isma'Il, son of 5.
Mahmud Yarainu-d-Daulah, son of 5.
Muhammad, son of 7.
Mas'ud 1, son of 7.
Muhammad restored.
Maudud, son of 9.
Mas'ud II, son of 10.
Bahau-d-Dln 'All, son of 9.
'Abdu r-Rashld Izzu-d-Daulah, son of 7.
Tughril (usurper).
Farrukh-zad, son of 9.
Zahiru-d-Paulah Ibrahim, son of 9.
'Alau-d-Daulah Mas'ud III, son of 15.
Kamalu-d-Daulah Shirzad, son of 16.
Malik Arsalan, son of 16.
Bahram Shah, son of 16.
Khusru Shah, son of 19.
Khusru Malik, son of 20.
AD.
962
;i)
963
(2)
966
(3)
973
(4)
977
(5)
997
(6)
999
(7)
1030
(8)
1031
(9)
1041
1042
(10)
1048
(11)
1048
(12)
1048
(13)
1053
1053
(14)
1059
(15)
1099
(16)
(17)
1114
1115
(18)
1117
(19)
1150
(20)
1160
(21)
(1)
1148
(2)
1149
(3)
1156
(4)
1163
(5)
1203
(6)
1206
(7)
1210
(8)
1210
(9)
1215
(10)
Rulers of Ghur. — See S. Lane-Poole, The Mohammadan Dynasties, p. 291 ff.
A.D.
'Izzu-d-Din Hasan.
Saifu-d-Dlu Suri.
'Alau-d-Din Husain Jahansoz.
Saifu-d-Dln Muhammad.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Muhammad.
Shihabu-d-Dln, Mu'izzu-d-Dln Muhammad ibn Sam (Sultan of Delhi).
Mahmud.
Bahau-d-Dln Sam.
'Alau-d-Dln Utsuz.
'Alau-d-Dln Muhammad.
The Sultans of Delhi. — BMC, Sultans of Delhi, xxxiii ff. and 3 ff., etc.
First Dynasty — Turks.
Mu'izzu-d-Dln, Muhammad ibn Sam.
Qutbu-d-Din I-bak, slave of 1.
Aram Shah, son of 2.
Shamsu-d-Dln Altamsh (I-yal-timish), slave of 2.
1 Some of the dates given here will be found to differ slightly from those in the BMC.
lists. For explanation or justification the reader is referred to the references in the
Chronological Tables.
A.D.
1193
(1)
1206
(2)
1210
(3)
1210
(4)
312 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA
Ruknu-d-Din Firuz Shah I, son of 4.
Raziyyat (Riziyah), daughter of 4.
Mu'izzu-d-Din Bahrain Shah, son of 4.
'Alau-d-Din Mas'ud Shah, son of 5.
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud Shah I, son of 4.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban, father-in-law of 9.
Mu'izzu-d-Din Kai-Qubad, grandson of 10.
Second Dynasty — Khaljis.
Jalalu-d-Din Firiiz Shah II.
Ruknu-d-Din Ibrahim Shah I, son of 1.
'Alau-d-Din Muhammad Shah I, nephew of 1.
Shihabu-d- L)in 'Umar Shah, son of 3.
Qutbu-d-Din Mubarak Shah I, son of 3.
Nasiru-d-Din Khusru Shah, slave of 5.
Third Dynasty — Tughlaq Shahis.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Tughlaq Shah I.
Muhammad II, ibn Tughlaq, son of 1.
Firuz Shah III, nephew of 1.
Tughlaq Shah II, grandson of 3.
Abu-Bakr Shah, grandson of 3.
Muhammad Shah III, son of 3.
Sikandar Shah I, son of 6. (Coin date H. 795.)
Mahmud Shah II, son of 6. (Coin date H. 795.)
Nasrat Shah (Interregnum), grandson of 3.
Mahmud restored.
Daulat Khan LudL
Fourth Dynasty — Sayyids.
Khizr Khan.
Mu'izzu-d-Din Mubarak Shah II, son of 1.
Muhammad Shah IY, grandson of 1.
4Alim Shah, son of 3.
A.D.
12;6
(5)
1236
(6)
1240
(7)
1242
(8)
1246
(9)
1-266
(1")
1287
(11)
A.D.
1290
(1)
1296
H
1296
(3)
1316
(4)
1316
(5)
1320
(6)
A.D.
13 0
0)
1325
(2)
1351
13)
1388
(4)
1389
*
1389
(6)
1394
(7)
1394
(8)
1395
(9)
1399
1412
(10)
A.D.
1414
(1)
1421
(2)
1434
(3)
1443
(4)
A.D.
1451
(1)
1489
(2)
1617
(3)
1526
A.D.
1539
(1)
1545
(2)
1552
(3)
1653
(4)
1564
W
1554
Fifth Dynasty — Afghans.
Buhlul Ludl.
Sikandar II, ibn Buhlul, son of I.
Ibrahim II, ibn Sikandar, son of 2.
Mughals : Babar and fluniayun.
Sixth Dynasty — Afghans.
Faridu-d-Din Sher Shah.
Islam Shah, son of 1.
Muhammad ' Adil Shah, nephew of 1 .
Ibrahim Sur, nephew of 1.
Sikandar Shah III, brother of 1.
Mughals :~Tlumayun, etc.
APPENDIX. 313
Muhammadan Riders of Bengal. — BMC, Muhammadan States, '6 ff.
Governors of Bengal.
A.D.
1194 Muhammad-i-Bakht-yar, the Khalj.
12u6 'Izzu-d-Din Muhammad Shiran.
1210 'Alau-d-Din 'Ali-i-Mardfin.
1211 Husaniu-d-Din 'I-waz (Gtfriyasu-d-Din).
1227 Nasiru-d-Din Mahmiid.
1231 'Izzu-1-Muluk 'Alau-d-Din Jani.
1231 Saifu-d-Din I-bak-i-Yughan-Tat.
1234 Tughril-i-Tughan Khan.
1245 Tamur Klian-i-Qiran.
1246 Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Yuz-Bak-i-Tughril Khan (Mughisu-d-Din).
1258 Qutlugh (Qulich) Khan (also called Jalalu-d-Din Mas'ud Shah).
1258 'Izzu-d-Din Balban-i-Yiiz-baki.
1260 Muhammad Arsalan Tatar Khan.
-T- e5 v^ \ doubtful, and dates uncertain.
Aram Khan, J '
1278 Mughi*u-d-Din Tughril.
House of Balban.
Nasiru-d-Din Bughra Khan, son of Ghiyasu-d-Dln Balban of Delhi.
Ruknu-d-Din Kai-Kaus, son of 1.
Shamsu-d-Din Firiiz Shah, son of 1.
Shihabu-d-Din Bughra Shah, son of 3 ("West Bengal).
Ghiyasu-d-Din Bahadur Shah, son of 3 (East Bengal).
Ghiyasu-d-Dln Bahadur Shah (all Bengal).
Nasiru-d-Din, son of 3, governor of Lakhnauti.
Bahadur Shah, son of 3, restored (with Bahrain Khan) in East Bengal.
Bahrain Shah alone (East Bengal).
Kadar Khan (Lakhnauti).
'Izzu-d-Din A'zamu-1-Mulk (Satgaon).
A.D.
1282
(1)
1292
(2)
1302
(3)
1318
(4)
(5)
1310
1319
1323
(6)
1325
(7)
1330
(8)
1325
(9)
1323
(10)
A.D.
1338
1349
A.D.
1339
(1)
1345
13-52
1358
(2)
1370
(3)
1389
1396
(4)
1406
(5)
Independent Kings of Bengal.
Fakhru-d-Din Mubarak Shah (East Bengal).
Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Ghazi Shah (East Bengal).
'Alau-d-Din 'Ali Shah (West Bengal).
House of Ilyas Shah.
Shamsu-d-Din Ilyas Shah contending in West Bengal.
Succeeds 'Ali Shah in West Bengal.
Rules all Bengal.
Sikandar Shah I, son of 1.
Ghiyasu-d-Din A'zam Shah, son of 2, rebels.
Ghiyasu-d-Din A'zam Shah reigns.
Saifu-d-Din, Hamzah Shah, son of 3.
Shamsu-d-Din, son of 4.
314 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
House of Ilyas Shah restored.
A.D.
1438 (6) Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud Shah I, slave of 3.
1460 (7) Ruknu-d-Din Barbak Shah, son of 6.
1474 (8) Shamsu-d-Din Yusuf Shah, son of 7.
1481 (9) Sikandar Shah II, son of 8.
1481 (10) Jalalu-d-Din Fath Shah, son of 6.
Muhammadan Kings of Bengal.
House of Raja Kans.
Shihabu-d-Din Bayazld Shah, son of Raja Kans (?) (with Raja Kans).
Jalalu-d-Dln Muhammad Shah, son of Raja Kans.
Shamsu-d-Din Ahmad Shah, son of 2.
Habshi Kings.
Sultan Shahzadah Barbak.
Saifu-u-Din Firiiz Shah.
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud Shah II (of the House of Ilyas).
Shamsu-d-Din Abu-n-Nasr Muzaffar Shah.
House of Husain Shah.
'Alau-d-Din Husain Shah.
Nasiru-d-Din Nasrat Shah, son of 1.
'Alau-d-Din Firiiz Shah, son of 2.
Ghiyasu-d-Dln Mahmud Shah III, son of 1 (partial rule H. 933).
Conquest by Sher Shah.
House of Muhammad Sur.
Shamsu-d-Dln Muhammad Sur Ghazi Shah.
Bahadur Shah (Khizr), son of 1.
Ghiyasu-d-Dln Jalal Shah, son of 1.
Ghiyasu-d-Dln Jalal Shah, son of 3.
House of Sulaiman Kararani.
Sulaiman Khan Kararani of Bihar and Bengal.
Bayazld Shah, son of 1.
Da'ud Shah, son of 1.
Final annexation by Akbar.
The Muhammadan Governors of Sindh. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 62.
Nasiru-d-Dln Qabachah (Q,aba-jah) : until a.d. 1228.
Saifu-d-DTn al-Hasan Qarlugh governs Ghur and GhaznI.
Governs Sindh.
Nasiru-d-Dln Muhammad ibn al-Hasan : until at least a.d. 1259.
A.D.
1409
(1)
1414
(2)
1431
A.D.
1487
1487
1489
1490
A.D.
1493
(1)
1519
«
1532
(3)
1532
(4)
1537
A.D.
1552
(1)
1554
(2)
1560
(3)
1563
(4)
A.D.
1563
(1)
1572
(2)
1572
(3)
1576
The!
Wuha
A.D.
1203
1224
1239
1239
APPENDIX. 315
Muhammadan Kings of Kashmir. — NC, 1st ser., vi, and BMC,
Muhammadan States, 68 f£.
A.D.
1334 Shams Shah Mir.
1337 Jamshid.
1339 'Alau-d-Dln 'Ali Sher.
1352 Shihabu-d-Din.
1370 Qutbu-d-Din.
1386 Sikandar Shah, H. 792, 810 on coins.
1410 Amir Khan 'All Shah.
1417 Zainu-l-'Abidln, H. 841-851 on coins.
1467 Haidar Shah Hajji Khan, H. 874 on coins.
1469 Hasan Shah, H. 876-87- on coins.
1481 Muhammad Shah, H. 895.
1483 Fath Shah, H. 896-89-.
1492 Muhammad (2nd reign), H. 898 (?).
1513 Fath Shah (2nd reign).
1514 Muhammad (3rd reign) .
1517 Fath Shah (3rd reign).
1520 Muhammad (4th reign).
1527 Nazak Shah.
1530 Muhammad (5th reign).
1537 Naz'ak Shah (2nd reign).
1541 Mirza Haidar Doghlat (Humayun's governor).
1552 Ibrahim.
1555 Isma'il.
1556 Habib.
1562 Husain Shah Chakk, H. 970, 972, on coins.
1578 Yusuf Shah Chakk, H. 987.
1586 Akbar annexes Kashmir, H. 987.
Owing to the great uncertainty of the Muhammadan chronology of Kashmir and
the absence of authentic material for testing the accuracy of the historical records, a list
of the kings is given in the Appendix only, no attempt being made to deal with the
history in the Tables.
The Sharqi Dynasty of Jaunpur. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 88.
A.D.
1394 (1) Khwajah-i-Jahan assumes independence.
1399 (2) Mubarak Shah, adopted son of 1.
1401 (3) Shamsu-d-Uin Ibrahim Shah Sharqi, son of 2.
1440 (4) Mahniud Shah ibn Ibrahim, son of 3.
1457 (5) Muhammad Shah ibn Ibrahim (joint king with preceding), son of 4.
1459 (6) Husain Shah ibn Mahmud, son of 4.
1476 Husain Shah ibn Mahmud fled to Bengal.
1500 Husaiu Shah ibn Mahmud died there.
1487 Barbak Shah ibn Buhlul of Delhi appointed Governor of Jaunpur.
1493 Removed.
Muhammadan Kings of Mulava. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 1 14, Int. lvi.
A. Ghuris.
A.D.
1401 (I) Dilawar Khan Ghuri assumes the title of Shah.
1405 (2) Hushang (Alp Khan), son of 1.
1434 (3) Muhammad (Ghazni Khan), son of 2.
316 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
B. Khaljis.
Mahmud Shah I Khalji.
Ghiyas Shah Khalji, son of 1.
Nasir Shah Khalji, son of 2.
Mahinud II, son of 3.
Malava annexed by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.
Malava annexed by Akbar.
Kings of Gujarat.— B^LC, Muhammadan States, 132, Int. lxi.
Muzaffar Shah I assumes independence.
Ahmad Shah I, grandson of 1, son of Tatar Khan.
Muhammad Karlm Shah, son of 2.
Qutbu-d-Dln, son of 3.
Da'ud Shah, son of 2.
Mahmud Shah I, Baiqarah, son of 3.
Muzaffar Shah II, son of 6.
Sikandar Shah, son of 7.
Nasir Khan Mahmud II, son of 7.
Bahadur Shah, son of 7.
Miran Muhammad Shah Fariiqi, of Khandesh, grandson of 7.
Mahmud Shah III, ibn Latif, grandson of 7.
Ahmad Shah II.
Muzaffar Shah III, Hablb, son of 12.
Submits to Akbar.
Gujarat a Mughal province.
The Kings of Khandesh. — S. Lane-Poole, The Mohammadan Dynasties,
p. 315.
A.D.
1370 (1) Malik Baja.
1399 (2) Nasir Khan.
1437 (3) Miran 'Adil Khan I.
1441 (4) Miran Mubarak I.
1457 (5) 'Adil Khan II.
1503 (6) Da'ud Khan.
1510 (7) 'Adil Khan III.
1520 (8) Miran Muhammad Shah I.
1535 (9) Miran Mubarak II,
1566 (10) Miran Muhammad II.
1576 (11) 'All Khan.
1596 (12) Bahadur Shah.
The Bahmanis of-KuTbarga. — BMC, Muhammadan States, 146.
A.D.
1347 (1) 'Alau-d-Dln Hasan Gangii.
1358 (2) Muhammad Shah I, son of 1.
1375 (3) Mujahid Shah, son of 2.
1378 (4) Da'ud Shah, son of 1.
1378 (6) Mahmud Shah I (or Muhammad Shah II), son of 1.
1397 (6) GJiiyasu-d-Dln, son of 5.
A.D.
1436
(1)
1475
(2)
1500
(3)
1510
(4)
1530
1569
Kin
A.D.
1396
(1)
1411
(2)
1442
(3)
1451
(4)
1459
(5)
1459
(6)
1511
(7)
1526
(8)
1526
(9)
1526
(10)
1536
(11)
1537
(12)
1553
(13)
1561
(14)
1572
1583
APPENDIX. . 317
A.D.
1397
(7)
1397
(8)
14-22
(9)
1435
(10)
1458
(11)
1461
(12)
1463
(13)
1482
(14)
1518
(15)
1521
(16)
1523
(17)
1525
(18)
Shamsu-d-Dra, son of 5.
Taju-d-Din Firuz Shah, son of 4.
Ahmad Shah I, son of 4.
'Alau-d-JJIn Ahmad Shah II, son of 9.
'Alau-d-Din Kumayun Shah, son of 10.
Nizam Shah, son of 1 1 .
Muhammad Shah II (or III), son of 11.
Mahmud Shah II, son of 13.
Ahmad Shah III, son of 14.
'Alau-d-DTn Shah, son of 14.
Wall- Allah Shah, son of 14.
Kallm-Allah Shah, son of 15, died a.d. 1526.
Muhammadan Kings of Ifa'bar. — JBA. lxiv, pt. 1, 49-54.
A.D.
1336
(1)
1339
(2)
1339
(3)
1339
(4)
1344
(5)
1358
(6)
1363-
•68 (7)
1372-
■77(8)
(9)
(10)
1346
(11)
Jalalu-d-Din Ahsan Shah.
'Alau-d-Din Arohar or Aduji Shah.
Qutbu-d-Din Firuz Shah.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Muhammad Damghan Shah.
Masiru-d-Din Muhammad Shah.
'Adil Shah, the Meek.
Mubarak Shah, King of the World, etc.
'Alau-d-Din Sikandar Shah.
Nasratu-d-Din (in Bidar?).
Shamsu-d-DTn.
Nasiru-d-Dln Isma'il Fath (in Kulbarga).
S. Lane- Poole, The Mbhammadan Dynasties, 320 ff.
* The 'Imad Shahis of Berar.
A.D.
1486 Fath-Allah.
1504 'Alau-d-Din.
1529 Darya.
1560 Burhan.
1568 Tufal (usurper),
Nizam Shahis of Ahmadnagar.
A.D.
1490
(1)
Ahmad ibn Nizam Shah.
15d8
(2)
Burhan I.
1554
(3)
Husain.
1565
(4)
Murtada.
1588
(5)
Miran Husain.
1589
(6)
Isma'il.
1590
(7)
Burhan II.
1594
(8)
Ibrahim.
1595
(9)
Ahmad II.
1595
(10)
Bahadur.
318 THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Band Shahis of Bidar.
A.D.
1492
(1)
Qasim I.
1504
(2)
Amir I.
1538
(3)
'AH. H. 945.
1582
(4)
Ibrahim. H. 990.
1589
(5)
Qasim II. H. 997.
1592
(6)
Mirza 'All. H. 1000.
1609
(7)
Amir II.
A.D.
'Adil
1490
0)
Yusuf 'Adil Shah.
1510
M
Isma'il.
1534
(3)
Mallu.
1535
(4)
Ibrahim I.
1557
(5)
'All I.
1579
(6)
Ibrahim II.
1626
(7)
Muhammad.
1660
(8)
'All II.
'Adil Shahis of Bijapur.
The Qutb Shahis of Golkonda.
A.D.
1512 Sultan Qull.
1533 H. 940 Jamshid.
1550 SubhanQulI.
1550 Ibrahim.
1581 Muhammad Quli.
1611 Abdu'llah.
1672 Abu-1-Hasan.
The Sovereigns of Ceylon, with approximate dates of their
See L. C. Wijesinha's Mahavamsa}
B.C.
543
(1)
Vijaya.
505
(2)
Upatissa (Regent).
504
(3)
Panduvasudeva.
474
W
Abhaya.
454
Interregnum.
437
(5)
Pandukabhaya.
367
(6)
Mutasiva.
307
(7)
Devanampiya Tissa.
267
(8)
Uttiya.
257
(9)
Mahasiva.
247
(10)
Sura Tissa.
237
(11)
Sena and Guttika (foreign usurpers),
215
(12)
Asela.
205
(13)
Elara (a Tamil usurper) .
161
(14)
Dutthagamani.
137
(15)
Saddha Tissa.
119
(16)
Thullatthana or Tuluna.
119
(17)
Lajji Tissa.
109
(18)
Khallata Naga.
Given in the Appendix only.
APPENDIX. 319
Vattagamani Abhaya or Vala-gam-bahu.
Pulahattha \
Bahiya /
Panayamara > Tamil usurpers.
Pilayamara i
Dathiya J
Vattagamani Abhaya or Vala-gam-bahu resumes sovereignty.
Mahachula or Mahatissa.
Choranaga.
Tissa or Kuda Tissa.
Ami] a.
Makalan Tissa or Kalakanni Tissa.
Bhatikabhaya.
Maha Dathiya or Mahanaga.
Amandagamani Abhaya.
Kanijanu Tissa.
Chulabhaya Tissa or Kuda Aba.
Sivall.
Interregnum of three years.
Ilanaga or Eluna.
Chandamukha Siva or Sandamuhunu.
Yasalalaka Tissa.
Subha Raja.
Vasabha or Vahap.
Vanka-nasika Tissa.
Gajabahu I.
Mahallaka Naga or Mahula Na.
Bhatiya or Bhatika II.
Kanittha Tissa or Kanitu Tis.
Chulanaga or Sulu Na.
Kudda Naga.
Siri Naga I.
Voharaka Tissa.
Abhaya Tissa.
Siri Naga II.
Vijaya II or Vijayindu.
Sangha Tissa I.
Siri Sanghabodhi I or Daham Siri Sangabo.
Gothabhaya or Meghavarnabhaya.
Jettha Tissa or Detu Tis.
Mahasena or Maha Sen.
Kittissiri Meghavanna or Kit Siri Mevan.
Jettha Tissa II or Detu Tis.
Buddhadasa or Bujas.
Upatissa II.
M ahanama.
Sotthisena.
Chatta-gahaka.
Mitta Sena.
Pandu \
Parinda J
Khudda /
Parinda > Tamil usurpers.
B.C.
104
19)
103
20)
100
98
91
90
88
'21)
76
22)
62
23)
50
24)
47
[25)
42
26)
20
,27)
A..D.
9
(28)
21
[29)
30
30)
33
31)
35
(32)
38
r33)
44
34)
52
35)
60
36)
66
[37)
110
38)
113 (
39)
135
40)
141
(41)
165
42)
193
43)
195
44)
196
45)
215
46)
237
47)
245
,48)
247
49)
248
r50)
252
[61)
254
52)
267
53)
277
[54)
304
(55)
332
(56)
341
(57)
370
58)
412
(59)
434
(60)
434
(61)
435
C;2)
436
(63)
441
444
460
460
463
468
(64)
Tiritara i
Dathiya 1
Pithiya /
Dhatusena or Dasenkeliya.
320
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA
The Sovereigns of Ceylon from Kasyapa I. — L. C. "Wijesinha's Mahdvamsa.
Kassapa I (Kasyapa), son of 64 (Dhatusena).
Moggallana I (Maudgalyayana), brother of 65.
Kumara Dhatusena, son of 66.
Kittisena (Kirtisena), son of 67.
S'iva, maternal uncle of 68.
Upatissa III (Upatishya), brother-in-law of 69.
Amba Samanera Silakala, son-in-law of 70.
Dathappabhuti, son of 71.
Moggallana II (Maudgalyayana), elder brother of 72.
Kittissiri Meghavanna (Kirtisri Meghavarna), son of 73.
Mahanaga, a descendant of the Okkaka race.
Aggabodhi I (Agrabodhi), maternal nephew of 75.
Aggabodhi II (Agrabodhi), son-in-law and nephew of 76.
Sapghatissa (Sahghatishya), brother of 77 (according to the Rajavali).
Dalla Moggallana (Maudgalyayana), general of 77.
Silameghavanna or Asiggahaka (Asiggrahaka S'ilamegha), son of Dalla
Moggallana' s general.
Aggabodhi III (Agrabodhi) or Sirisaijghabodhi II, son of 80.
Jetthatissa, son of 78.
Aggabodhi III restored.
Dathopatissa I, of the Lemeni family.
Kassapa II (Kasyapa), brother of 81.
Dappula I, brother-in-law of 84.
Hatthadatha or Dathopatissa II, nephew of 83.
Aggabodhi IV Sirisanghabodhi (Agrabodhi), younger brother of 86.
Datta. a member of the Koyal Family.
Unhanagara Hatthadatha.
Manavamma (Manavarman), son of 84.
Aggabodhi V (Agrabodhi), son (?) of 90.
Kassapa III (Kasyapa), brother of 91.
Mahinda I (Mahendra), son of 92.
Aggabodhi VI Silamegha (Agrabodhi), son of 93.
Aggabodhi VII (Agrabodhi), brother of 94.
Mahinda II Silamegha, nephew of 95.
Dappula II, son of 96.
Mahinda III or Dhammika Silamegha (Dharmika S'ilamegha), son of 97.
Aggabodhi VIII, cousin of 98.
Dappula III, younger brother of 99.
Aggabodhi IX, son of 100.
Sena I or Silamegha Sena (S'ilameghavarna), younger brother of 101.
Sena II, grandson of 102.
Udaya I, youngest brother of 103.
Kassapa IV (Kasyapa), nephew and son-in-law of 104.
Kassapa V (Kasyapa), son-in-law of 105.
Dappula IV, son of 106.
Dappula V, brother of 107.
Udaya II.
Sena III, brother of 109.
Udaya III.
Sena IV.
Mahinda IV.
Sena V, son of 113.
Mahinda V, brother of 114.
Interregnum ; while the heir to the throne, Prince Kasyapa or Vikramabahu,
was alive.
A.D.
479
(65)
497
(66)
515
(67)
524
(68)
524
(69)
525
(70)
526
(71)
539
(72)
540
(73)
560
(74)
561
(75)
564
(76)
598
(77)
608
(78)
608
(79)
614
(80)
623
(81)
623
(82)
624
(81)
640
(83)
652
(84)
661
(85)
664
(86)
673
(87)
689
(88)
691
(89)
691
(90)
726
(91)
732
(92)
738
(93)
741
(94)
781
(95)
787
(96)
807
(97)
812
(98)
816
(99)
827
100)
843
101)
846
102)
866
103)
"901
104)
912
105)
929
106)
939
107)
940
108)
952
109)
955
110)
964
111)
972
;ii2)
975
113)
991
114)
1001
115)
1037 (
116)
APPENDIX. 321
Kitti (Kirti), the general, usurper.
Mahalana Kitti (Mahaluna Kirti), usurper.
Vikkamu Pandu (Vikrania Pandu), usurper.
Jagatipala, usurper.
Parakkama (Parakrama), usurper.
Loka or Lokissara (Lokesvara), usurper.
Vijayabahu I Sirisaughabodhi, grandson of 115.
Jayabahu, brother of 123.
Vikkamabahu I (Vikramabahu), son of 123.
Gajabahu II, son of 125.
Parakkamabahu I Parakramabahu, cousin of 126.
Vijayabahu II, nephew of 127.
Mahinda VI, usurper.
Kitti Mssanka (Kirti Nis^anka Malla), a prince of the Kalinga
Chakravarti race.
Virabahu I, son of 130.
Vikkamabahu II (Vikramabahu), brother of 130.
Chodaganga, nephew of 130.
Lilavati, widow of 127.
Sahasamalla, half-brother of 130.
Kalyanavati, chief queen of, 130.
Dhammasoka (Dharmasoka).
Anikanga, chief governor.
Lilavati restored.
Lokissara (LokeSvara), usurper.
Lilavati restored.
Parakkama Pandu, usurper.
Magha or Kalinga Vijayabahu, usurper.
Vijayabahu III, descendant of the Sirisaughabodhi family.
Parakkamabahu II (Kalikala Sahitya Sarvajna Pandita Parakramabahu),
son of 142.
Vijayabahu IV, son of 143.
Bhuvanekabahu I, brother of 144.
Parakramabahu III, son of Bosat Vijayabahu.
Bhuvanekabahu II, son of 145.
Parakramabahu IV, son of 147.
Bhuvanekabahu III.
Jayabahu I.
Bhuvanekabahu IV.
Parakramabahu V.
Vikramabahu III.
Bhuvanekabahu V, a descendant of the Girivanisa family.
Virabahu JI, uterine brother of 154.
Parakramabahu VI.
Jayabahu II.
Bhuvanekabahu VI.
Parakramabahu VII.
Parakramabahu VIII.
Vijayabahu V.
Bhuvanekabahu VII.
Vira Vikkama (Vira Vikrama).
Mayadhanu.
Rajasiha (Rajasimha).
Vimala Dhamma Suriya I (Vimala Dharmasurya) .
1 The Sahasamalla inscription gives 1743 a.b. as his date of accession; error
11 years, adjusted accordingly.
21
A.D.
1049
(117)
1049
(118)
1052
(119)
1053
(120)
1057
(121)
1059
(122)
1065
(123)
1120
(124)
1121
(125)
1142
(126)
1164
(127)
1197
(128)
1198
(129)
1198
(130)
1207
(131)
1207
(132)
1207
(133)
1208
(134)
1200 ]
1 (135)
1202
(136)
1208
(137)
1209
(138)
1209
(W)
1210
(139)
1211
(W)
1212
(140)
1215
(141)
1236
(142)
1240
(143)
1275
(144)
1277
(145)
1288
(146)
1293
(147)
1295
(148)
(149)
(150)
1347
(151)
1351
(152)
(153)
(154)
(155)
1410
(156)
1462
(157)
1464
(158)
1471
(159)
(160)
(161)
(162)
1542
(163)
(164)
(165)
1592
(166)
322 THE CHRONOLOGY OE INDIA.
Senaratna, brother of 166.
Rajasiha II (Rajasiriiha), son of 167.
Vimala Dhammasuriya II (Vimala Dharmasurya), son of 168.
Siri Vira Parakkama Narinda Siha (S'ri Vira Parakrama Narendrasirhha) ,
son of 169.
Siri Vijaya Raja Siha (S'ri Vijaya Rajasiriiha'), brother-in-law of 170.
Kitti Siri Raja Siha (Kirti S'ri Rajasiriiha).
Siri RajadhiRaja Siha (S'ri Rajadhi Rajasiriiha), younger brother of 172.
Siri Vikkama Raja Siha (S'ri Vikrama Rajasiriiha), nephew of 173.
A.D.
1620
(167)
1627
(168)
1679
(169)
1701
(170)
1734
(171)
1747
(172)
1780
(173)
1798
(174)
S'ai^unagas
S'aisunagas
according to the according to the
Asoka avadana : Paris ishtaparvan
Burnouf, Introd. a This- of Hemachandra,
toire du Bouddhisme, p. 358. ed. by Jacobi.
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32
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20
after Mahavira's
18
nirvana
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323
INDEX
A.
A-li-ye-po-mouo visits India, 51.
Abastanoi, subjugated by Perdikkas, 9.
Abdagases, 19, 20.
'Abdu-l-'Aziz, author, 256.
'Abdu-l-'Aziz, governor of Sistan, defeats
king of Kabul, 58.
'Abdu-1-Ghafur of Lahor, 268.
'Abdu-1-Hirs, FarlghunI, 109.
'Abdu-1-Karim, Sindhi, 263.
'Abdu-1-Majid, 141.
'Abdu-1-Malik, governor of Hirat, 93.
'Abdu-1-Malik ibn Shihabu-1-Musamma'I,
expedition commanded by, 68.
'Abdu-1-Malik, Samani, captured by Abu-1-
Hasan, 104.
'Abdu-llah of Golkonda, Dynastic List, 318.
'Abdu-llah of Khurasan, subsequently ruler
of all Persia, 74.
'Abdu-llah of Kulbarga, author, 240.
'Abdu-llah of Sistan, invasion of Kabul, 59.
'Abdu-llah, son of Ashkan, rebellion against
Nuh, 90.
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Abdu-llah ibn 'TTnan, con-
quest of Makran ascribed to, 52.
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar defeats lasdijard III,
53.
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar ibn Rabi, conquests
of, 52.
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Umar Khattab, conquest of
Sistan ascribed to, 52.
'-Abdu-llah Maulana of Delhi, author, 271.
'Abdu-llah Shattari, 240.
'Abdu-r-Rahman, governor of Sindh, 65.
'Abdu-r-Rahman, governor of Sistan, re-
bellion and suicide, 59.
'Abdu-r-Rahman J ami, 268.
'Abdu-r-Rahman Samiri, king of Malabar,
74.
'Abdu-r-Rahman ibn Samrah, invades
Sist.iu, 54.
'Abdu-r-Rahman ibn Shimar, Kabul ex-
pedition, 56.
'Abdu-r-Rashld Izzu-d-Daulah, of Ghazni,
122, 1*23, 124.
Dynastic List, 311.
'Abdu-r-Razzaq, embassy to Devaraya II,
256.
'Abdu-r-Razzaq, father of Abu Mansur, 93.
'Abdu-r-Razzaq, governor of Peshawar, 1 18.
'Abdu-r-Razzaq, governor of Sindh, 113, 114.
Abhai Chand, revolt, 232.
Abhaya Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Abhaya of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Abhaya Vattagamini, 17.
Abhayadevasuri, author, founder of the
Brihat Kharatara Gachchha, 126.
Abhayadevasuri, author, 180.
Abhayadevasuri, author, 234.
Abhayasimha, 297.
Abhayatilaka, 152.
Abhayatilakagani, author, 166.
Abhichara kills Gopalavarman, 83.
" Abhidhanachintamani," 152.
" Abhidhanaratnamala," 7 k
"Abhidharmakosa," 35,49.
" Abhilashitfirtha-Chintamani," 145.
Abhimanyu, Kachchhapaghata prince,
Dynastic List, 291.
Abhimanyu of Kashmir, 93, 96.
Dynastic List, 294.
Abhinanda, 76.
Abhinava Pampa, 146, 154.
Abhinavagupta, S'aiva philosopher, 102.
Induraja, teacher of, 96.
Jayaratha's commentary on, 171.
Kshemaraja, a pupil of, 1 15.
Varaana quoted by, 68, 70.
Abhira princes, Kholesvara's exploits against,
176.
Abhiras, empire of Samudragupta, 28.
Abhyushakas, 72.
Abisares, 8,
324
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Abu, fort of, 258.
Abu inscriptions, 204, 205.
Abu 'Abdu'llah Muhammad ibn Batuta, 218.
Abu 'Ali-i-Lawik, 88.
Abu 'Ali-i-Simjur, attacked by Amir Nuh
and Sabuk-Tigin, 101, 102.
Abu (or Bii') Ali Qalandar Shaikh Sharafu-
d-Din, death, 216.
Abu-Bakr Shah, king of Delhi, 231, 232.
Dynastic List. 312.
Abu Hakim Shaibani, expedition against
Kanauj, 60.
Abu lbrakim-i-Isma'il, Samani, 104, 105,
106.
Abu Is-haq al Istakhri, 92.
Abu. Is-haq-i-Tahiri, 93.
Abu-1- Abbas, Al-Fazl-i- Ahmad, wazir, 98,
104.
Abu-1-Abbas-i-Mamun, Farighuni, 110.
Abu-1-Faraj Riini, poet, 125.
Abii-l-Fath-al-Mutazid billah Abu Bakr
ibn Mustakafi billah, Khalifah of Egypt,
225
Abu-l^Fath Busti, Shaikh, 119.
Abu-1-Fath Ludi, 107.
Abii-1-Fath Shaikh Kamal Q,azi of Bilgram,
270.
Abu-l-Fawaris-i-'Abdu-l-Malik, 92, 103.
Abu-1-Fazl, king of Bengal, Dynastic List,
302.
Abu-l-Fazl-i-'Aziz, sent as deputy to Hirat,
90.
Abu-1-Fazl-i-Muhammad, author, 130.
Abu-1-Hasan of Golkonda, Dynastic List,
318.
Abu-1-Hasan of Hirat, 94.
Abu-1-Hasan, 1-lak-i-Nasr, 104.
Abu-1-Hasan-i-Nasr, 86, 90.
Abu-1-Hasan-i-Simjur, governor of Hirat,
94.
Abu-1-Hirs-i-Mansiir II, 103.
Abu-1-K]iattab, governor of Sindh, 65.
Abu-1-Qasini Hasan Ahmad ibn 'Unsari,
123.
Abu-1-Qasim-i-Nuh II : see title Nuh II.
Abu-1-Qasim, defeat by Bak-Tiizun, 103.
Abu-1-Qasim-i-Simjur, 104, 105.
Abii-1-Qasim 'Ubaidu-llah ibn Ahmad ibn
Khurdadbhih, author, 84.
Abu-1-Ma'ali or Nasru-llah, author, 141.
Abii-Mansur, retires from Government of
Hirat, 93.
Abu-]Mubammad jSTasihl, author, 117.
Abu Muslim, governors of Sindh appointed
by. 65.
Abu Nasr-i-Ahmad, 84.
Abu Nasr Shar of Gbarjistan, 104.
Abu-Bihan Al-Biruni, 115.
Abu Sayyid Purani, Shaikh, 271.
Abu Salih-i-Mansur I, 93.
Abu Suhail Hamaduni, expulsion from Bai,
117.
Abu Suliman-i-Da'ud, father of Jaghar
Beg, 117.
Abu Turab, Governor of Sindh, 69.
Abu Zaidu-1-Hasan of Siraf, 85.
Abu Zakri'a-i-Yahya, expels Shabasi from
_ Hirat, 87.
Achagi : see title Achugi.
'_' Acharaiiga Sutra," commentary on, 79.
Acharasa, 160.
'_' Acharasara," 154.
Achugi, General under Vikramaditya VI,
repels Vishnuvardhana's invasion, 130.
Achugi I, Sinda of Yelburga, 130.
Dynastic List, 304.
Achugi II, Sinda of Erambarage, over-
throws Bhoja I, 135.
Achugi II, Sinda of Yelburga, 141, 143, 144.
Dynastic List, 304.
Achugi III, Sinda of Yelburga, 157.
Dynastic List, 304.
Achyuta, conquered by Samudragupta, 28.
Achyutanayaka, governor of the Sasati
district, 204.
Achyutapuram copper-plate of Indravarnian,
131.
Achutaraya, Dvnastic List, 309.
<_' Adabu-1-Fuzala," 244.
Adam, Sultan, Dynastic List, 285.
Adaragunchi inscriptions, 95, 96, 98.
Addaka of Vardhamana, 84.
Adhiraja Indra, 55.
Adhiriipa Thakur, 305.
Adigai Ojha, 75.
'Adil Khan, governor of Dibalpur, 234,
237.
'Adil Khan II of Khandesh, 259, 267.
Dynastic List, 316.
'Adil Khan III of Khandesh, 269.
Dvnastic List, 316.
'Adil Khan Fariiqi, 267.
'Adil Shah the Meek of Ma'bar, 225.
Dynastic List, 317.
'Adil Shahis of Bijapur :
Dynastic List, 318.
Founded bv Yiisuf 'Adil Shah, 265.
"Adipurana," 71, 90.
Aditya I, Chola, 89.
Dynastic List, 283.
Aditya II or Karikala, Chola, Dynastic List,
_ 283.
Aditya Rama Yarman, ruler in Yenad, 166.
Adityasena, Gupta of Magadha, 57, 62.
Aphsad, inscription of, 41.
Dynastic List, 288.
INDEX.
325
Adityavardhana of Thiinesar, 43.
Dynastic List, 306.
Adityavarman, Early Chulukya, 46.
Adityavarman of Hangal, Dynastic List, 292.
Adityavarman, Pallava, Dynastic List, 299.
Adityavarman (Maukhari Varmans), Dynastic
List, 308.
Adityavarman, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Adiyama or Idiyama, conquest by Gahga-
raja, 141.
Adiir inscriptions, 65, 80.
Aighanian, Mahmud's raids, 113.
Afghanistan, Parthian rulers in, 19.
Afghans :
Delhi, rulers, Dynastic List, 312.
Panjab raid, 220.
Agamika or- Tristutika sect of Jains,
foundation, 169.
Agashi inscription, 151.
Agathokleia, wife of Strato, 16.
Agathokles, 14.
Auhasimha or Siniha of Mevad, Dynastic
List, 287.
Agnamitra, 15.
Agra:
Earthquake at, 268.
Sikandar II fixes his capital at, 267.
Agrammes, troops of Alexander refused
entry to territory of, 8.
Ahadanakaram, grant from, 76.
Ahar Miyan of Budaun, 252.
Ahavaditya, feudatory ruler of Kuppeya-
Puligere province, 78.
Ahavaditya, Vira-Vikramaditya II, Drastic
_ List, 289.
Ahavamalla, ruler in conjunction with
Sankama, 162, 163, 164.
Feudatories under, 150, 163, 164.
Ahavamalla Nurmadi-Taila II : see title
Tailapa II, Chalukya.
Ahmad, murders Mas'ud, 121.
Ahmad, governor of Farghanah, 73, 79.
Ahmad, prince, plot to place on throne of
Gujarat, 263.
Ahmad, Shaikh, 137.
Ahrnad (II) of Ahmadnagar, Dynastic List,
317.
Ahmad, governor of Sijistan,86.
Ahmad Ayaz, governor of Delhi, 223.
Death, 224.
Ahmad ibn Hasan Maimandi, prime minister
to Mahmud, 104
Ahmad ibn Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar,
Dynastic List, 317.
Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Jabir Al-BiladurT,
death, 81.
Ahmad Khan, governor of Tirhut, 216.
Ahmad Khattu, Shaikh, death of, 256.
Ahmad Nizam Shah Bahri, 265, 266, 269.
Ahmad Nizam Shahis, Dynastic List, 317.
Ahmad Samani, 86.
Ahmad Shah, Bahmani, 246, 249, 251.
Dynastic List, 317.
Ahmad Shah III, Bahmani, 271, 272.
Dynastic List, 317.
Ahmad Shah I of Gujarat :
Ahmadnagar, founded by, 248.
Birth, 232.
Campaigns, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248,
249, 251, 252,253, 254.
Death, 255.
Dynastic List, 316.
Forts and military posts erected by,
245.
Maudud's rebellion, 241.
Temple of Sidhpur destroyed by, 243.
Ahmad Shah II of Gujarat, Dynastic List,316.
Ahmad-i-Nial Tigin, rebellion, 116.
Ahmad-i-Saffar, 90.
Ahmadabad :
Fortifications finished, 244.
Jam'i Masjid, completion, 247.
Karhavati founded on site of modern
city, 128.
Ahmadabad Bidar, citadel founded, 249, 251.
Ahmadnagar, city of, founded by Ahmad
Shah I, of Gujarat, 248.
Ahmadnagar, city of :
Ahmad Nizam Shah, founder of, 266.
Ahmad Nizam Shahis, Dynastic List,
317.
Ahsan Shah, succeeded by 'Alau-d-Din
Arohar, 219.
Ahwaz, Alexander the Great at, 10.
Ai-Yitim, reduces Multan, 181.
Aibak Khan, ravages Multan and Siwalikh,
212.
Aihole Inscriptions :
Bijjala and Vikrama, 159.
Durga Temple, 63.
Huchchimalli-gudi, 59.
Krishna, 80.
Mahgalisa, 44.
Pulikesin, 46.
Satyasraya, 41.
Aihole Meguti inscriptions, 46, 47.
Ainu-d-Din, 223.
Ainu-1-Mulk, governor of Nahrwalah, 270.
Aiuu-1-Mulk Multani, Gujarat expedition,
214.
Ainu-1-Mulk, subadar of Oudh, 221.
Aiyaparaja, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
" Ajadapramatrisiddhi," 87.
Ajanta Caves, portraits in, 48 (note).
Ajatasatru, murders his father and succeeds
to the throne, 5, 6.
326
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
A javrisha, Buddhist convent at, 179.
Ajayameru, founded by Ajayaraja, 146.
Ajayapala, temple erected in reign of, 153.
Ajayapala, Chaulukya, 159.
Copper-plates of, 159, 160, 161.
Dynastic List, 282.
Narapati flourishes under, 161.
Ajayapala of Kumaun, palace built by, 225.
Ajayaraja or Salhana, 146.
Dynastic List, 277.
Ajayasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Ajayavarman of Malava, 147, 177.
Dynastic List, 300.
Ajaygadh inscriptions, 177, 201.
A jit Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Ajitadevasuri, author, 178.
'• Ajitasantistava, " 208.
Ajitaplda of Kashmir, 72.
Ajitaplda of Kashmir :
Deposition, 76.
Dynastic List, 294.
Ajitasimha, guru of Devendrasimha, 181.
Ajitasimha of Marvad, Dynastic Lists, 297.
Ajmir :
Bhiraj's rebellion, 170.
Chahamanas of, Dynastic List, 277.
Inscription, 154.
Ajmir Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Ajodhan, battles fought at, 238, 239.
Akalanka or Akalanka- Chandra, 68, 72.
Akalavarsha S'ubhatunga, Eathor of
Gujarat, 76, 78, 301.
Akat Khan, attempt to assassinate 'Alau-d-
Din, 210.
Akbar, conquests of :
Bengal, 314.
Gujarat, 316.
Kashmir, 315.
Malava, 316.
Marvad, 297.
Akbar Quli Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Akesines, Alexander the Great crosses, 8.
" Akhyanakamanikosa," 129, 147.
Akhayasimha, Dynastic List, 291.
Akkadevi, governor of Kisukad district, 112.
Akkalaraja or Valaka-Kamaya, 264.
Akshobhyatlrtha, death of, 192.
Al -Hasan Qarlugh, viceroy of Ghur and
Ghazni, 180.
Al-Husain, 73.
Al-Mahdl, Khalifah, 68.
Al-Manmn, Khalifah, governors of
Khurasan appointed by, 73, 74.
Al-Mansur, Khalifah, 64, 66, 68.
Al-Mas'udI, historian, 93.
Al-Mu'tasim B'illah, Khalifah, 75.
Al-Qadir B'illah, Khalifah, 104.
Alaf Khan, revolt, 266.
Alakadatta, 148.
Alakhana, 80.
Alama of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Alamanda copper-plate of Anantavarmadeva,
_ 131.
Alampundi copper-plate, 230.
'Alamu-d'-Din, 239.
Alankara :
Divan under Sussala-Jayasimha, 148.
Sabha held by, 139, 147.
Writers on, 80, 213.
" Alankarachudamani," 152.
" Alaiikaralikasastra," 22.
" Alankarasarvasva," 142.
" Alankarasastra," 68.
' ' Alahkaravimar^ini, " 171.
Alansimha, Chudasama, Dynastic List, 284.
'Alau-d-Daulah ibn Kakuyah, rebellion,
117.
'Alau-d-Daulah Mas'iid III, ruler of
Ghazni, 125, 135, 136.
Dynastic List, 311.
'Alau-d-Din of Berar, Dynastic List, 317.
'Alau-d-Din of Budaun, murder of, 230.
'Alau-d-Din Ahmad Shah II Bahmani,
222, 253, 255.
Dynastic List, 317.
'Alau-d-Din, 'Ali-i-Mardan of Bengal, 176,
177.
Dynastic List, 313.
'Alau-d-Din 'All Shah of Bengal, 219, 221.
Dynastic List, 313.
'Alau-d-Din 'All Sher of Kashmir,
Dynastic List, 315.
'Alau-d-Din Arohar or Aduji Shah of
Ma'bar, 219.
Dynastic List, 317.
'Alau-d-Din Ayaz, 193.
'Alau-d-Din Bahrain Shah, 169.
Minhaj-i-Saraj, office held under,
181.
'Alau-d-Din Ffruz Shah of
Dynastic List, 314.
'Alau-d-Din Hasan Gangii, 222, 223, 225.
Dynastic List, 316.
'Alau-d-Din Humayiin Shah Bahmani,
259, 260.
Dynastic List, 317.
'Alau-d-Din Husain of Ghurl, 144, 150,
151, 153, 155.
Dynastic List, 311.
'Alau-d-Din Husain Shah of Bengal, 266,
267.
Dynastic List, 314.
'Alau-d-Din ibn Muhammad 'Alim Shah of
Delhi, 255, 256, 263.
Dynastic List, 312.
Samana expedition, 256.
INDEX.
327
'Alau-d-Din 'Imad Shahi of Berar, 268.
'Alau-d-Din Jani, governor of Lakhnauti,
183, 185, 186.
'Alau-d-Din Mas'ud Shah of Delhi, 188.
Dynastic list, 312.
'Alau-d-Din Muhammad Amir-i-Hiijib,
200.
'Alau-d-Din Muhammad of Ghur, Dynastic
List, 311.
'Alau-d-Din Muhammad Shah I of Delhi,
209.
Alp Khan slain by, 214.
Campaigns, 208, 210, 211, 212.
Death, 214.
Delhi, throne seized by, 209.
Dynastic List, 312.
Firuz Shah, assassinated by, 209.
Karra governed by, 207.
Khizr Khan imprisoned by, 214.
"New Musulmans" massacred, 213.
Oudh governed by, 208.
Sulaiman Shah attempts to assassi-
nate, 210.
'Alau-d-Din Sayyid, author, 210.
'Alau-d-Din Shah Bahmani, 272.
Dynastic List, 317.
'Alau-d-Din Sikandar Shah of Ma'bar, 227.
Dynastic List, 317.
'Alau-d-Din Utsuz of Ghur, Dynastic List,
311.
'Alau-1-Mulk, Amir of Multan, 246.
Albuquerque, Alphonso de, Portuguese
Eastern empire founded by, 268, 271.
Alexander of Epeiros, 12.
Alexander the Great, Indian conquests, 7-10.
Seleukos Nikator's treaty with Chan-
dragupta, 11.
Alexander's Haven, 9.
Alfred the Great sends Sighelmas to visit
church of St. Thomas, 80.
Alha-Ghat inscription of Narasimhadeva, 155.
Alhana or Sulhana, 147.
Alhanadeva the Chahamana, 156.
Dynastic List, 278.
Alhanadevi, wife of Gayakarnadeva, 153,
154, 287.
'All, followers of, expelled from Kandabel,
67.
'Ali of Bidar, Dynastic List, 318.
'Ali I of Bijapur, Dynastic List, 318.
'Ali II of Bijapur, Dynastic List, 318.
'Ali of Kashmir, defeat by Jasrat, 245.
'Ali of Khurasan, 73.
'Ali Beg, Mughal invasion under, 211.
'Ali Beg Shaikh, expeditions, 247, 250, 251.
'Ali Gujarati, league against Sarwaru-1-
Mulk, 252.
'Ali ibn 'Isa ibn Haman, 75.
'Ali Malik sends expedition to relief of Uchh,
235.
'Ali Khan of Khandesh, Dynastic List,
316.
'Ali Khweshawand, conspiracy and death,
115.
'Ali Shah capitulates to Ghiyasu-d-Din and
Mu'izzu-d-Din, 172.
'Ali-abad, Da'ud routed at, 119.
'Ali-i-Kar-makh, governor of Lahor, 165.
'Ali-i-Mardan, 175, 176.
'Ali-Tigin subdued by Altun-Tash, 116.
Aliga, 258.
'Aliin Khan :
Claimant to the throne of Khandesh,
269.
Flees to Gujarat, 272.
'Alim Shah of Delhi : see title 'Alau-d-Din
ibn Muhammad 'Alim Shah.
Alina copper-plates, 67.
Aliya Vema Reddi, Dynastic List, 302.
Allah Quli Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Allah-dad, league against Sawaru-1-Mulk,
252.
Allahabad inscriptions, 28, 114.
Allata of Mevad, 92, 96.
Dynastic List, 287.
Alor, Muhammad ibn Qasim seizes, 60, 61.
Alp Arsalan, 121, 123, 125.
Alp Khan Hushang: see title Hushang,
Ghuri.
Alp Khan Sanjar, 211, 214.
Alp-Tigin :
Birth, 80.
Conquest of Ghazni, 88, 94.
Dynastic List, 311.
Hirat governed by, 93.
Altamsh : see title Shamsu-d-Din Altamsh.
Alti Sakman attacks Balkh, 119.
Altun-Tash, governor of Khwarizm, 109,
110, 116.
Altuniah, 186, 187.
A]uka, subdued by Kirtivarman I, 42.
Ahipas, 46, 123.
Alur, inscriptions from, 108.
Alwar fort, Sarwaru-1-Mulk captures, 248.
Amalachandragani, copy of " Katharatna-
kosa" written by, 137.
Amalananda, author, 194.
Amana Yadava of Devagiri, 204.
Amarachandra, author, 182, 187.
Amaragahga of SeunadeSa, Dynastic List,
310.
Amaragangeya, Dynastic List, 310.
Amaraja, conversion, 65.
" Amarako^a," commentary on, 250.
Amaramalla of Katmandu, 262.
Amaramallagi, Dynastic Iiist, 310.
328
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Amarapandita or Amarayati, author, 182,187.
Amarasimna's "Namalihganusasana,'' 204.
Amarji of Kachh, Dynastic List, 290.
'* Amarusataka," commentary on, 177.
Ambada, defeats Mallikarjuna, 165.
Ambarnath inscription, 125.
Ambem inscriptions, 176, 177.
Ambikadevi, Dynastic List, 276.
Amgachhl copper-plate, 129.
Amin Khan of Bengal, Dynastic List, 313.
Amirs, see second title, as Amir Nuh
Samani, see Nuh Samani.
Amitagati, 102.
Amitrochates, 11.
Amitraghata, 11.
Amma grants, 70, 76, 85.
Amma I, 85, 87, 88.
Dynastic List, 279.
Amma II or Vijayadftya VI, 90.
Dynastic List, 280.
Ammaiappesvara temple inscription, Pada-
vedu, 247.
Ammanayya, 161.
AmmahgadevI, wife of Rajaraja I, 112.
Amoghavajra, travels and translations, 61.
Amoghavarsha I, Nripatunga, Durlabha,
Rashtrakuta, 72.
Abdication, 79.
Dynastic List, 300.
Eastern Chalukyas, war with, 70.
Feudatories under, 73, 76, 77, 78.
' ' Jayadhavalatika " written during
reign of, 75.
Jinasena, tutor of, 71.
Karkaraja aided by, 72.
Amoghavarsha II, 86.
Dynastic List, 300.
Amoghavarsha III or Baddiga, 88.
Dynastic List, 300.
Amoghavarsha IV or Kakkala Karka II,
Dynastic List, 300.
Amra I of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Amra II of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Amradeva, 161.
Amradevasuri, author, 147.
'Amran, governor of Sindh, 75.
Amrasimha, Dynastic List, 291.
Amritachandrasuri, author, 83.
Amritadatta, poet, 223.
Amritapala of Budaun, Dynastic List, 299.
" Amritartha-sutra," translation of, 35.
Amritesvara, 172.
'Amru. ibn al-Tamiml, conquest of Slstan
ascribed to, 62.
'Amru ibn Jamal, 67.
'Amru ibn Lais, 83.
'Amru ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim, governor
of Sindh. 64.
'Amru. ibn Muslim al-Bahali, commander
of Indian frontier, 61, 62.
Amsuvarman of Western Nepal, 50, 51.
Dynastic List, 306.
Vamadeva a descendant of, 126.
Ana-Vema Reddi, 228.
Dynastic List, 302.
Anahila of Chulukisvara family, 101.
Anahila of Nadole, Dynastic List, 278.
Anamkond :
Inscriptions, 155, 157.
Jagaddeva's attack, 152.
Ananda, Buddhist council under, 6.
Ananda or Nandadeva of Nepal, 155.
Ananda Naiyayika, 148.
Ananda, son of S'ambhu, 148.
Anandadeva, 87.
Anandamalla or Anantamalla of Nepal, 206.
Anandatirtha, pontiff of Madhava sect, 203.
Anandavardhana :
Commentaries on, 87, 99, 102.
Verse on Vamana, 70.
Works by, 76.
Anandpalof Kabul, 105, 107, 108, 110.
Dynastic List, 303.
Anahga, Dor Raja, copper-plate of, 130.
Anangapida of Kashmir, 76, 77.
Dynastic List, 294.
Ananta, author, 259.
Anantadeva, astrologer, 176.
Anautadeva of Kashmir, 114, 125, 131, 132.
Dynastic List, 294.
Anantadeva or Anantapala, S'ilahara, 134.
Dynastic List, 303.
Anantapalayya, 136.
Anantavarmadeva, Alamanda copper-plate
of, 131.
Anantavarman Chodagangadeva, Later
Ganga of Kalinga, 130.
Dynastic List, 286.
Grants of, 128, 286.
Anchala Gachchha of the Jains, foundation,
131, 137.
Andhra kings :
Defeat of, 79, 143, 144.
Gautamiputra reconquers territory ,22.
Andhrabhritya or Satavahana dynasty, rise
of, 14. '
Andwar, Mubarak Shah attacks, 247.
Anegadeva, father of Vira-Bijjarasa, 177.
Anekamalla, Raja, Gopesvar inscription, 167.
" Anekarthasangraha," 152.
Anga kings :
Amoghavarsha worshipped by, 72.
Bimbisara conquers, 5.
Kirtivarman subdues, 42.
Anganadeva, daughter of, marries Indra III,
85.
INDEX.
329
Aiigas, commentaries on, 126.
Apollonios of Tyana visits India, 20.
Anhilvad :
Appa, Dynastic List, 310.
Appana Timma, Dynastic List, 297.
Bhoja captures, 109.
Chapotkatas or Chavadas, Dynastic
Appayika, repulsed by Pulikesm II, 46.
List, 282.
Aprameya, defeats Naganna, 107.
Chaulukyas, Dynastic List, 282.
Apsarodevi, wife of Rajyavardhana, 306.
Copper-plates, ] 80, 189.
Arabios (Purali), Alexander the Great at, 9.
Dhruva II subdues, 78.
Arabs or Tajik as : see title Tajikas.
Foundation of, ascribed to Vanaraia,
Arakan or modern Burmese era begins, 51.
65.
Arakhosia :
Govinda III seizes Lata, 71.
Kozulo Kadphises captures, 18.
Mahmud's invasion, 113.
Krateros passes through, 9.
Mu'izzu-d-Din's invasion, 162.
Persian subjection, 5.
Qutbu-d-Din sacks town, 170.
Seleukos' treaty with Chandragupta,
Vigraharaja attacks, 97.
11.
Well at, built by Udayamati, 122.
Aram Shah, 176.
Aniruddha, author, 260, 266.
Dynastic List, 311.
Aniruddha of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
" Arambhasiddhi," 183, 259.
ArVjaneri, inscription from, 148.
Arasimha, author, 182.
Anka of Saundatti, 122.
Arberal Chama Raja, Dynastic List, 297.
Dynastic List, 301.
Archebios, 15.
Ankideva, Ratta Mahasainanta, 145.
Arikesarin, Chalukya, 74.
Ahkulesvara temple inscriptions, 122.
Anna, Bhillama defeats, 165.
Dynastic List, 280.
Arikesarin II, 90, 93.
Annigeri :
Dynastic List, 280.
Bijjala's expedition against, 156.
Arikesarin or Kesideva, S'ilahara of the
Inscriptions, 156, 160, 166.
Northern Konkan, 108, 110.
Anbrat'azo, identical with Anuruddha, 124.
Dynastic Lists, 303.
Antala, Bhillama captures town from, 165.
Arifijaya, Chola, Dynastic List, 283.
Arisimha, author, 187.
Antarvedi, Sallakshanavarmadeva's war
against, 136.
Arisimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Antialkidas, 15.
Arjuna of Chedi, granddaughter marries
Indra III, 85.
Antigonos attacked by Eudemos and Eumenes,
10.
Arjuna, Kachchhapaghata prince :
Antigonos Gonatos, mentioned in edict of
Dynastic List, 291.
Asoka, 12.
Rajyapala destroyed by, 105, 113.
Antimakhos I, 14.
Arjuna Senapati seizes supreme power in
AntiokhosII, 11, 12.
ThaneSar, 53.,
Antiokhos III, incursion into Baktria and
Arjunadeva destroys Gurjaradesa, 162.
India, 13.
Arjunadeva, "Vaghela Chaulukya, 202.
Antoninus Pius, Indian embassy to, 23.
Dynastic List, 282.
Antroli-Chharoli grant, 66.
Arjunavarman, author, 177.
Anupasimha, Dynastic List, 277.
Arjunavarman, Paramara of Malava, 148,
Anupura, siege of, 63.
177.
Anuruddha conquers Thaton, 124.
Dynastic List, 300.
" AnyoktiniuktalataSataka," 136.
Arjunayanas, empire of Samudragupta, 28.
Arkali Khan, governor of Uchh and Multan,
Aparaditya I, S'ilahara, 147.
Dynastic List, 303.
208, 209.
Aparaditya II, S'ilahara, 164.
Armativala, districts governed by, 170.
Dynastic List, 303.
Armil of Sindh, 302.
Inscription, 173.
Arnoraja, Chahamana, 152, 157.
Aparajita, S'ilahara, 103.
Dynastic List, 277.
Dynastic List, 303.
Arnoraja of Anhilvad, Dynastic List, 282.
Aparajita, Udepur inscription, 55.
Arnoraja of S'akhambhari-Sambhar, de-
Apararka, 164, 173.
feated by Kumarapala, 149.
Aphsad inscriptions, 41, 57.
Arrian, author of the " Indika," 24.
Apollodotos I, 15.
Arringal inscription, 169.
Apollodotos Philopator, 15.
Arsakes, 19, 20.
330
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Arsakides, invasion by Kozulo Kadphises, 18.
Assembly of allied Rajas at S'rinagar, 133.
Arsalan Khan, campaigns, 198, 199, 200.
Assyria, tribes subject to, 5.
Arsalan Shah of Ghazni, 139, 140.
Astakenoi, subjection to Syria, Persia, 5.
Astronomy, Hindu, introduction to Arabs,
Dynastic List, 311.
Arsalan-i-Balu, defeat by Nasr, 105.
68.
Arsalan-i- Jazib :
Asvaghosha, Buddhist patriarch, 21.
Abu-1-Qasim-i-Slmjur, war with,
Atakur inscriptions, 89, 91.
104.
Athoji of Ajapur, Dynastic List, 290.
Nasr aided by, 105.
Atigupta visits China, 53.
Arsi Rana of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Atlsa, Buddhist sage, 100.
Artabanos III, 20.
Atma Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Aryabhata, author, 34.
" Atmanusasana," 77.
Aryabhata, epoch of, 37.
" Attakatha," translation, 30.
" Aryabhatatulya Karanagrantha," 244.
AugasI copper-plate of Madanavarmadeva,
Aryarakshita, founder of the Anchala
146.
Gachchha, 131.
Augustus, Emperor, receives Indian em-
''Aryashtaka," 34.
bassy, 19.
Aryasimha, murder of, 38.
Auhad Khan, 247.
Aryavarta kings, exterminated by Samudra-
Avalladevi, wife of Karnadeva, 121.
gupta, 28.
" Avalokitesvara - bodhisattva - Mahastha, -
Asad, Samani, 73.
maprapta - bodhisattva- vyakarana-sutra,"
Asada, author, 167.
translation, 31.
Commentary on, 202.
Avanivarman, 87.
Asadhara, author, 185.
Avantivarman of Kashmir, 77, 80.
Asadi Tusi, author, 105.
Dynastic List, 294.
Asaladeva of Narwar, 197.
Avantivarman (Maukhari), Dynastic List,
Dynastic List, 298.
308.
Asanga, 35.
Avasara I, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Asaraja of Nadole, Dynastic List, 278.
Avasara II, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Asargaon copper-plate, 235.
Avasara III, S'ilahara, 108.
Ashadha inscription, Sogal, 99.
Dynastic List, 304.
Ashi Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Avasyaka, Jnanasagara's work on, 223.
"Ashkalu-1-Bilad," 90.
" Avasyakalaghuvntti," 174.
Ashkan Khwarizm Shah, 90.
" Avasyakasutra," works on, 156, 187.
Ashtama, 297.
Ayaz, Malik, expeditions, 269, 272.
" Ashtasahasrika Prajiiaparamita," 114.
Ayodhya, siege of, 17.
" Ashtasaptatika, " 138.
" Ayurvedarasayana," 201.
"AshtaSati,"68.
Ayyana I, Chalukya, 86.
f* Ashtavritti," by Jinesvara, 113.
Dynastic List, 278.
Asi or Asni, 111.
Ayyappa, death, 88.
Asir, invasion by Mahmud Baiqarah, 267.
Azes, 17, 20.
'Asjudi, poet, 105.
Zeionises connected with, 20.
Asni fort, capture by Mu'izzu-d-Dln, 169.
Azilises, 17, 18.
Asm inscription, 85.
'Aziz Himar of Malava, 221.
Asoka, 11.
Azuri Razi, poet, 105.
Purnavarman last descendant of, 43.
Azuri, Shaikh, author, 251.
ASokamalla, 230.
A^okavalla of Sapadalaksha, 159, 161.
Gaya inscription, 169.
B.
Aspasians, conquest by Alexander the Great, 7.
Aspavarma, 17.
Babar, Sultan of Delhi, 269, 270, 271,
Aspiones, capture by Mithridates I, 13.
273, 274.
Assakenoi, 5, 7.
Birth, 264.
Assam :
Dynastic List, 312.
Husain Shah's expedition, 267.
Khondamir visits court of, 262.
North- Eastern Bengal conquered by,
Babiniya, 226.
245.
Bachaladevi, wife of Somesvara I, 119.
Rajas, Dynastic Lists, 275.
Bachaladevi, wife of Tailapa II, 135.
INDEX.
831
Biichiraja, governor of Karnataka provinces,
192.
Badami :
Cave inscription, 42.
Chalukyas (see under that title).
Baddiga, Dynastic List, 280.
Baddiga Amoghavarsha, 88, 300.
Badghais :
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Araar reduces, 53.
Ya'qiib ibn Lais subdues, 78.
Badl'u-z-Zaman Mirzu, 268.
Badr Muhammad, 244.
Badr-i-Chach, mission to Daulatabad, 221.
Badra-d-Din Sunqar, 187.
Badra-d-Din Sunqar the Eumi, 200.
Bagar, expeditions against :
Abu Turab, 69.
Mabmud Baiqarah, 266.
Muhammad Karim, 256.
Baghban, capture by Shah Beg, 270.
Baghdad :
Drought, famine, plague, 116.
Embassy from Sindh, 68.
Baglanah, ravaged by Ahmad Shah
Bahinani, 251.
Bagrari or BateSvar inscription, 170.
Bagumra copper-plates, 35, 54, 78, 81.
Bahadur Gilani, 266.
Bahadur Khan, Prince of Gujarat, 273.
Bahadur JSahir, campaigns, 231, 233,
238.
Bahadur Shah of Ahmadnagar, Dynastic
List, 317.
Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, 273, 274.
Dynastic List, 316.
Bahadur Shah of Khandesh, Dynastic List,
316.
Bahadur Shah Balbani of Bengal, 217.
Dynastic List, 313.
Bahadur Shah (Khizr) of Bengal, Dynastic
List, 314.
Babul inscriptions, 167, 177.
Babau-d-Din, revolt and death, 218.
Balniu-d-Din 'All of Ghazni, 122.
Dynastic List, all.
Bahau-d-Din_Hilal, 189.
Bahau-d-Din I-bak, Malik, death, 192.
Bahau-d-Din of Ghur, 150, 15i.
Dynastic List, 311.
Bahau-d-Din, Shaikh, 273.
Bahau-d-Din Tughril :
Flight from Hirat, 161.
Gwaliar attacked by, 170.
Bahau-d-Din Zakaria, Shaikh, 159, 203.
Bahmani Dynasty :
Deveraya II, invasion, 255.
Dynastic List, 316.
Extent of dominions, 222.
Bahrain or Bairam Abiya, revolt and death,
219.
Bahrain Khan of Bengal, 217.
Dynastic List, 3 1 3.
Bahrain Shah, 187, 188.
Bahrain Shah of Bengal, 217.
Dynastic List, 313.
Bahusahaya - Dadda III, Dynastic List,
289.
Baijnath copper-plate, 172.
Baijnath Prasasti :
Dynastic List from, 295.
S'arada writing, oldest specimen, 71.
Bail-Hongal, inscription from, 149.
Baila, Timur victorious at, 237.
Bairam Khan, 239, 241.
Bairisal, Dynastic List, 291.
Baj Khan, 115.
Dynastic List, 285.
Bajaur, Alexander's conquest, 8.
Bak-Taghdi, 117.
Bak-Tamur, 197.
Bak-Tiizun :
Abu-1-Qasim defeated by, 103.
Flight from Nishapiir, 104.
Mansur II dethroned by, 103.
Baka poet, 243.
Bakhtsimha, 297.
Bakhurz, 78.
Bakshu, 274. .
Baktria :
Alexander the Great in, 7-
Antiokhos III, invasion, 13.
Diodotos founds Graeco - Baktrian
kingdom, 12.
Sse, Sek, or S'aka tribe, invasion, 15.
Yueh-ti tribe established in, 15.
" Balabharata," 82, 182, 187.
"Balabodha," 166.
Balachandra, commentary finished by, 202.
Baladeva, Dynastic List, 291.
Baladitya of Magadha, attacks and defeats
Mihirakula, 38, 40.
Balagamve inscriptions, 57, 58, 111, 121,
128, 154, 155, 162, 163, 204.
Balaharsha, Dynastic List, 293.
Balaprasada of Hastikundi, 103.
Balaprasada of Nadole, Dynastic List,
278.
" Balaramayana," 82.
Balavarman, Chalukya, 72.
Balban, House of, Dynastic List, 313.
Baliraja of Nadole, Dynastic List, 278.
Balka Khan, embassy to Shamsu-d-Dln
Altamsh, 184.
Balka, Malik, rebellion, 182, 183.
Balka-Tigin, governor of Ghazni, 89, 95.
Dynastic List, 311.
332
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Balkh:
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar reduces, 53.
Alti Sakman attacks, 119.
Coins of Eukratides found in, 13.
I-lak Khan and Qadr Khan defeated
by Mahmud, 107.
Ya'qub ibn Lais subdues, 78.
Ballala I, Hoysala, 137, 138.
Dynastic List, 289.
Ballala II, "Vira- Ballala, Tribhuvanamalla
or Bhujabala-Vira-Gahga, Hoysala, 160.
Brahma succumbs to, 164.
Dynastic List, 289.
Feudatories under, 161, 165, 168,
170, 171, 172, 173, 175.
Hahgal besieged by, 171.
Jaitrasimha defeated by, 165.
Sihghana defeats, 176.
Ballaja or Vira-Ballala III, Hoysala, 207.
Dynastic List, 289.
Ballala, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Ballala Yadava, Dynastic List, 310.
Ballaiadeva, governor of Masavadi country,
178.
Ballaiadeva, Bahau-d-Dln flies to, 218.
Ballajadeva-Velabhata or Boddiya, feudatory
of Amma II, 90.
Ballalasena, Dynastic List, 303.
Ballayya, governor of Annigere, 175.
Ballayyasahani, 165.
Balo Kalyan Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Balsar grant, 63.
Barnaul inscription, 149.
Bamma of Yelburga, Dynastic List, 304.
Bammanayya or Barmadevarasa, districts
governed by, 149.
Bammarasa, 138.
Bammidevarasa, 161.
Bampur, 9.
Bana, poet, 44.
Bana kings :
Dynastic List, 276.
Parantaka conquers, 82.
BanaSala castle, Bhikshachara killed in, 145.
Banavasi :
Inscriptions from, 225, 232.
Klrtivarman I subdues, 42.
Pulikesin II subdues, 46.
Rajendra-Chola subdues, 105.
Banavidhyadhara, Dynastic List, 276.
Banbir of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Banda Islands, captured by Albuquerque,
268.
Bandhuvarman, 33.
Dynastic List, 308.
Banian, expedition against, 185.
Bahkapur inscription, 124.
Baiikeyarasa, 73.
Bahkshera inscription, 46.
Bannur inscription, 156.
Bappa or Bappaka of Mevad, Dynastic List,
287.
Bappabhattisuri, 65.
Bappuka, subjugated by Krishna III, 89.
" Baqia Naqia," 196.
Barada :
'Abdu-1-Malik captures, 68.
Hasham's expedition, 66.
Barahdari inscription of Bihar, 201.
Baran :
Capital city of Chandraka, 70.
Mahmud Shah II, expedition against,
240.
Barapa, ruler of LatadeSa or Central
Gujarat, 97, 98.
Trilochanapala descended from, 123.
Barbak Sbah ibn Buhlul of Delhi, governor
of Bengal, 262, 264.
Dynastic List, 315.
Bardar, Mahmud Shah's expedition against,
196.
Bardasir, besieged in Kirman, 180.
Bardoli, Bharoch kingdom, 32.
Barid, Amir, ruler of Bidar, 268, 271, 272.
Dynastic List, 318.
Barid Shahi dynasty, 266, 318.
Barma, districts ruled by, 166.
Barmadeva, feudatory of Jayasimha II, 113,
130.
Barmarasa, governor of the Banavasi
districts, 156.
Baroda copper-plate, 75.
Baroda grant of Dhruva II, 72.
Baroda State, Bharoch kingdom, 32.
Bartar fort, Mas 'ud captures, 111.
Basahi copper-plate, 137.
Bashir ibn Da'ud, governor of Sindh, 73, 75.
Bassein inscriptions, 74, 127, 155.
Batnol, fort of, Ahmad I reduces, 243.
Batok, religious establishment founded by
Shaikh Burhan, 231.
Batpura or Bappura family, 41.
Bawar, reduced by Mahmud Baiqarah, 260.
Baward, Saljuqs receive land from Mas'ud,
119.
Bayazid Shah of Bengal, Dynastic List, 314.
Baz Bahadur Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Beghram, coins of Gondophares found in, 20.
Beghu, 117, 121, 123.
Begur inscriptions, 88, 91.
Behatti, Dharvad, inscriptions from, 164,
192".
Belal Sen or Bellalasena, Dynastic List, 3u2.
Belgaum, subdued by Muhammad Shah
Bahmani III, 261.
Belkhara inscription, 170.
IKDEX.
333
Belupura, captured by Permadi I, 141.
Belur inscriptions, 112, 229.
Benares :
Copper-plates, 121, 137, 143, 145,
148, 161.
Fa-hien's travels, 29.
Mahendrapala's dominion near, 67.
Bendigere copper-plate, 193.
Bengal :
Assamese conquest of North -Eastern
Bengal, 245.
Capital cities, 256.
Dynastic Lists, 298, 302, 313, 314.
Firuz Shah's expedition against, 224.
J ajnag^ar Raja attacks, 189, 190.
Ilyas dynasty, restoration, 254.
Meng-tsau-mwun tributary to, 240.
Muhammedan conquest, 169 (note).
Bengal Asiatic Society's copper-plate of
Maharaja Vihayakapaladeva, 70.
Berar, 'Imad Shairis of, Dynastic Lists, 317.
Bersi, Dynastic List, 291.
Beta, Dynastic List, 295.
Beta or Vijayaditya I of Vehgi, ancestor of
Chalukyas of Pithapuram, 172, 280.
Betmaraja Tribhuvanamalla, 292.
Bettada Chama Raja, Dynastic List, 297.
Bettada Udaiyar, Dynastic List, 297.
Bhadana copper-plate, 103.
Bhadrabahu, 7?
Tilakacharya completes commentary
by, 187.
Bhadrapada, intercalary month, 136.
Bhadrasara, 11.
Bhagalpur plate, Dynastic Lists from, 298.
" Bhagavadgita," 218.
" Bhagavadgitatika," 96.
Bhfigyadevi, wife of Rajyapala, 298.
Bhairanmatti inscriptions, 101, 116, 127.
Bliairavasimha of Mithila, 266.
Bhairavasimha or Hari Narayana, 305.
" Bhairavastotra," 102.
Bhakkar :
'Abdu-r-Razzaq captures, 114.
Qabachah besieges in, 181.
Shah Beg captures, 272.
Shaikh 'All's expedition against,
247.
" Bhaktamarastotra," 44.
" Bhaktamarastotratikii," 227.
" Bhamati," commentary on, 194.
Bhambur, captured by Abu Turab, 69.
Bhanaka, founder of Veshadhara sect, 263.
lihruulanaditya or Kuntaditya, 85.
Bhundup copper-plate, 114.
Bhanugupta, king of Eastern Malava 38.
Dynastic List, 288.
Bhapat, Chudasama, 284.
Bharahapala, Dynastic List, 295.
Bharaich, expedition against, 116.
Bharata Chandra, copper-plate, 235.
Bharatachandra of Kumaun, 261.
" Bhiiratamanjari," 118.
Bharati Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Bharavi, poet, 47.
Bharoch :
Dharasena IV occupies, 48, 51, 53.
Gurjaras of, 32, 289.
Hakim attacks, 50.
Junaid attacks, 62.
Taghi attacks, 221.
Bhartribhata of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Bhartridaman, 27.
' Dynastic List, 296.
Bhartrihari, 50.
Bhasarvajfia's "Nyayasara," commentary
on, 195.
"Bhashya" on the "Vajasaneya Samhita,"
109.
Bhaskara, author, 115.
College founded for study of the
" Siddhantasiromani," 176.
Trivikrama, ancestor of, 85.
Bhaskarabhatta, 85.
Bhaskaracharya, astronomer, 139, 167, 176.
" Bhasvatlkarana," 135, 260, 266.
Bhatarka, 37, 39.
Dynastic List, 308.
Bhatgaon :
Anandamalla founds, 206.
Harasimha seizes, 216.
Jayarayamalla seizes, 262.
Bhatiah fortress, Mahmud seizes, 107-
Bhatlndah, Anandpal defeated at, 108.
Bhatkal copper-plate, 225.
Bhatnair, Timur captures, 236.
Bhatta Kallata, S'aiva philosopher, 70, 76,
80.
Bhatta Narayana, 75, 87, 92.
Bhatta Raghava, commentary by, 195.
Bhatta Udbhata, 68.
Bhattotpala, identical with Utpala, 95.
Bhava Brihaspati, inscription, 158.
Bhavabhuti, poet, 58, 62.
Bhavanaga Bhara^iva, daughter marries
Gautamiputra, 307.
BhaYani, temple built by Anantadeva, 176.
Bhavasarman, 260, 266.
Bhavasimha or Bhavesvara, 305.
Bhavaviveka, 49.
" Bhavyakumudachandrika," 185.
Bhawalpur inscription, 21.
" Bhayaharastotra," 208.
Bhapdeva, governor of the Kundi district,
166.
Bhera -ghat inscriptions, 121, 143, 154.
334
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Bhikhaji of Bikanir, 268.
Bhikhma or Bhlshma Chand, Dynastic List,
281.
Bhikhuraja or Kharavela, 16.
Bhikshachara of Kashmir, 142, 145.
Dvnastic List, 294.
Bhillama" I of Devagiri, 160, 165.
Dynastic List, 310.
Bhillama I of SeunadeSa, Dynastic List, 310.
Bhillama II of Seunadesa, 104.
Dynastic List, 310.
Bhillama III of SeunadeSa, 113, 127.
Dynastic List, 310.
Bhillama IV of Seunadesa, Dvnastic List,
310.
Bhillama V of SeunadeSa, Dynastic List, 310.
Bhillamala, Bhinmal or S'rimal, 32.
Bhils, conquered by Mauhar Thakurs, 164.
Bhilsa : Captured by Altamsh, 184.
Captured by 'Alau-d-Din, 208.
Bhim Karan, defeat by Mahmud Khalji, 271.
Bhim Narayan, Mahmud' s expedition
against, 108.
Bhima, repulsed by Rudra, 157.
Bhima I, Chalukya, 85, 86, 91, 109.
Dynastic List, 278.
Bhima II, Chalukya, Dynastic List, 278.
Bhima III, Chalukya :
Dynastic List, 280.
Vikramaditya conquered by, 87.
Bhima, Jesalmlr Maharawal, Dynastic List,
291.
Bhima of Kabul, Dynastic List, 303.
Bhima III of Konamandala, Dynastic List,
295.
Bhima, Raja of Jagat, destroyed by Mahmud
Baiqarah, 262.
Bhima, Raja of Jammu, 245, 246.
Bhima, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Bhima of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Bhimadeva I, Chaulukya, 112, 113, 114,
121, 284.
Dynastic List, 282.
Bhimadeva II, Chaulukya, 162, 179, 180,
183.
Dynastic List, 282.
Bhimagupta of Kashmir, 98, 99.
Dynastic List, 294.
Bhimapala of Budaun, Dynastic List, 299.
Bhimapfila of Kabul, 112, 113.
Dynastic List, 303.
Bhimaraja of Idar, 270.
Bhimaraja of Konamandala, 154.
Bhimarasa or Bhimaraja, districts governed
by, 103.
Bhimaratha Maha-Bhavagupta II, 305.
Bhimasimha, conversion, 191.
Bhimasimha of Marvad, Dynastic List, 297.
Bhimasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Bhimavarman, 34.
Bhimavarman, Pallava, genealogy of, 299.
Bhimber, Alexander's conquests, 8.
Bhimji, Dynastic List, 290.
Bhira Rae, 107.
Bhiraj or Hamir, 170.
Bhivanayya, 135.
Bhogavarman, 62.
Dynastic List, 308.
Bhogesvara, 305.
Bhoj copper -plates, 171, 173.
Bhoja, invasion of Kashmir, 149, 150.
Bhoj a I, Dynastic List, 310.
Bhoja II, Dynastic List, 310.
Bhoja or Bhojadeva of Dhara, Paramara of
Malava, 109.
Bhaskarabhatta a contemporary of,
85.
Death, 135.
Dhanapala a protege of, 96.
Dynastic List, 300.
Ereyanna subjugates territories of,
"129.
Jayasimha II subdues, 111.
Kama of Chedi and Bhimadeva I
attack, 112.
Somesvara I defeats, 120.
Viryarama slain by, 115.
Bhoja or Bhojadeva of Kanauj, 67, 70, 77,
79.
Dynastic List, 296.
Bhoja of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Bhoja I, S'ilahara of Kolhapur, 135, 143.
Dynastic List, 304.
Bhoja II or Vira- Bhojadeva, S'ilahara of
Kolhapur, 166, 176.
Dynastic List, 304.
Bhojadeva, Jesalmir Maharawal, Dvnastic
List, 290.
Bhojadeva, ruler of Nepal, 110.
Bhojavarman, Chandella, 206.
Dynastic List, 282.
Bhopal copper-plates, 171, 177.
Bhota, lord of, image of Vishnu obtained
by, 87.
Bhotiyas, defeat by Ratnamalla, 262.
Bhudda, poet, 148.
Bhumara pillar, 31, 33.
Bhumli, Ghumli, or Bhumilika, 64.
Destruction of, 214.
Bhundi territory, invaded by Ulugh Khan,
195.
Bhungar I of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Bhungar II of Sindh, Dynastic List, 3o5.
Bhungar III of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Bhupalasimha, 134.
Bhuraga, Bhuyada, or Bhuvada, 58.
INDEX.
335
" Bhushana," 195.
Bhutarya, 89.
Bhuvana, Dvnastic List, 295.
Bluivanadcvi, wife of Yijayapala, 118.
Bhuvanaditya, governor of Kalyana, 58.
Bhuvanaklrti, 260.
Bhuvanapala of Budaun, Dynastic List,
299.
Bhuvanapala of Gwaliar, 137.
Bhuvanapala or Muladeva, Dynastic List,
291.
" Bhuvanasundarikatha," 212.
Bhuvanekabahu I of Ceylon, embassy to
Egypt, 2U5.
Bhuyada of Anhilvad, 78.
Dynastic List, 282.
Bhuyika, wife of Devasakti, Dynastic List,
310.
Bichana or Vichana, 193.
Bldar :
Amir 'All's revolt, 222.
Band Shahis, Dynastic List, 318.
Nasrat Khan's revolt, 221.
Nizam Shah defeated near, 260.
Bihar :
Inscriptions, 131, 201.
Muhammad ibn Tughlaq annexes,
217.
Muhammad-i-Bakht - yar conquers,
168.
Sikandar II conquers, 266.
Bihar Mai of Idar, 270.
Bljamata sect, rise of, 270.
Bljanagar attacked by Nasratu-1-Mulk, 271.
Bijapur :
'Adil Shahis of, 265, 318.
Inscriptions, 103, 153, 167.
Bijaya Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Bijnyagadh inscription, 28.
Bijja, death of, 88.
Bijjala or Vijjala, wife of Vira Somesvara,
184.
Bijjala or Vijjana, Kalachuri, 154.
Abdication, 158.
Daughter marries Chavunda, 157.
Feudatories under, 152,' 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 158.
Western Chalukyas conquered by,
145, 149, 151, 152, 155, 156.
Bijjala Sinda of Yelburga, 159.
Dynastic List, 304.
Bijjaladevl, 133.
Bijjholi inscription, 159.
Bijnor, Mahmud Shah attacks, 196.
Bikaji or Bhikhaji, 265.
Dynastic List, 277.
Bikanir Raj, Dynastic List, 277.
Bilahgadeva of Gwaliar, 241.
Bilgram, Raja of, defeated by Iqbal Khan,
238.
Bilhana, Dynastic List, 295.
Bilhana, poet, 128.
Bilhari inscriptions, 82, 92, 98.
Bilsad inscriptions, 30.
Bimbisara, S'renya, king of Magadha, 5.
Bindusara, Maurya, 11.
Bir Bahan, revolt, 232.
BTr, Malik, Dynastic List, 285.
Bira, Malik, imprisonment, 252.
Bisal, destroyed by Mubarak Shah II, 245
(note) .
Bisapi, granted to Vidyapati, 237.
Bisiram, fort, seized by Jalalu-d-Din, 179.
Bitragunta copper-plate, 225.
Bittiga : see title Vishnuvardhana Hoysala.
Bittimayya, 161.
Biyana, expeditions against, 237, 248, 251,
252.
Biyas :
Alexander's conquests, 8.
Mahmud Shah's expedition, 192.
Bodh-Gaya :
Inscription, 43, 47.
I-tsing visits, 56.
"Bodhapanchasika," 102.
Bodhi Tree :
Branch sent to China, 38.
Purnavarman restores, 43.
Bodhidharman, Buddhist patriarch, 39.
" Bodhipatha Pradipa," 119.
Bodhiruchi, travels and translations, 38.
Bodhiruchi or Dharmaruchi, travels and
translations, 58.
Boladevayya, 128.
Bolikeya Kesimayya, governor of the
Tardavadi district, 158.
Bomma or Brahma, 160, 164.
BonthadevI, wife of Vikramaditya, 92, 97.
" Book of Roads and Kingdoms," 84.
Bopadeva, author, 201.
Borioli inscription, 151.
Boukephala, founded by Alexander the
Great, 8.
Brahma or Bomma, defeated by Ballala,
160, 164.
Brahmadatta, conquered by Bimbisara, 5.
Brahmadeva's " Kranaprakasa," epoch year
of, 133.
Brahmagupta, astronomer, 44, 48.
Brahman, Dynastic List, 295.
Brahmans :
Chibdia, grants to, 80.
Settlement in Bengal, 81.
" Brahmasphutasiddhanta," 44, 48.
Brihadratha overthrown by Pushyamitra, 14.
" Brihajjatakam," commentary on, 95.
336
THE CHBOSTOLOGY OF INDIA.
Brihat Kharatara Gachchha, foundation, 126.
Bukhara :
Bu-1 Hasan-i-Khalaf, alliance with
'Ali-Tigin subdues, 116.
Mas'ud, 111.
Ibn Muhalhal visits, 90.
Budaun :
Isma'Il defeats Nasr near, 81.
Capital city of 'Alira Shah, 256.
Shihabu-d-Daulah Bughra Khan,
Khizr Khan invests, 244.
expedition, 102.
Mahmud's expedition, 196.
Bukka I of Vijayanagara, 219, 223, 224,
Mangu Khan and 'Umar Khan revolt
225.
against 'Alau-d-Din, 210.
Dynastic List, 309.
Bukka II, 240, 309.
Pala Rathor Dynasty, List, 299.
Taju-d-Dln put to death at, 178.
Burak, establishes Bardasir in Kirman, 180.
Buddha, 4, 6, 10.
Burhan I of Ahmadnagar, 269.
Tooth sent to China, 38. (See also
Dynastic List, 317.
title Buddhism.)
Burhan II of Ahmadnagar, Dynastic List,
Buddha, Rajanaka of Kiragrama, Dynastic
317.
List, 295.
Burhan of Berar, Dynastic List, 317.
Buddhabhadra, translator, 29, 31.
Burhan, Shaikh, 231.
< < Buddhacharitakavya, "22.
Burhanu-d-Dln Gharib, Shaikh, 218.
Buddhaghosha, 30.
Burmese civilization, rise of, 124.
Buddhajiva, 31.
Burmese, expulsion by English, 276.
Buddhapala, 57.
Burmese, modern or Arakan era, 51.
Buddhapiya, 194.
Bushang, subdued by Ya'qub ibn Lais, 78.
Buddharaja, 43, 44.
Bust :
Dynastic List, 293.
'Abdu-r-Eahman conquers, 54.
Buddhasanta, 39.
Da'ud's invasion repulsed by Tughril,
Buddhasimha, Dynastic List, 291.
123.
Buddhavarasa, 72.
Sabuk-Tigin captures, 99.
Buddhavarman, Dynastic List, 299.
Ya'qub ibn Lais subdues, 78.
Buddhavarmaraja of Gujarat, Dynastic
Butarasa, governor of Kongalnad and
List, 279.
Punad districts, 78.
Buddhayasas, 30.
Butuga,'91, 94.
Buddhism :
Asoka's conversion, 12.
C.
Buddha, 4, 6, 10, 38.
Ceylon, 12, 17, 54.
Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, establishes European
China (see under that title).
factory at Calicut, 267.
Councils, 6, 7, 12, 21.
Calicut :
Hinayana sect, Valabhi convents, 36.
Albuquerque at, 268.
Japan, introduction into, 41.
European factory, 267, 268.
Kalachakra system, 95.
Vasco da Gama at, 266.
Korea, introduction into, 28.
Cambay, plundered by Taghi, 221.
Canals cut by Flruz Shah, 225.
Mahayana doctrines, revival in Tibet,
100, 119.
Ceylon :
Mihirakula's persecution, 38.
Al-Mas'udl's visit, 93.
Pushyamitra's persecution, 15.
Amoghavajra visits, 61.
Siam, introduction into, 51.
Buddhist religion, 12, 17, 54.
Budhagupta, 35.
DlpavamSa Chronicle, 27.
Dynastic List, 288.
Embassy to Claudius, 20.
Bughra Khan, embassy to Mahmud, 114.
Embassy to Egypt, 205.
Bughra Khan of Bengal, 206."
Fa-hien's travels, 29.
Dynastic List, 313.
Moggallana flourishes in, 167.
Succeeded by Ruknu-d-Din, 207.
Narasimhavarman's conquest, 52.
Buhlul Ludi of Delhi :
Parantaka's conquest, 82.
'Alim Shah deposed by, 254, 255,
Rajaraja's conquest, 100.
256, 257, 258, 265.
Rajendra-Chola's conquest, 105.
Dynastic List, 312.
Sovereigns, Dynastic List, 318-322.
Bukhara :
Tripitaka texts collected by Na-thi,
Abu-1-Hasan captures, 104.
54.'
INDEX.
337
Ciiaoh, thmne of Sindh usurped by, 37, 50.
«' Chach-nama," 59.
Chachikadeva, 256.
Dynastic List, 290.
Chachuji, Dynastic List, 291.
Ohada, Dynastic List, 297.
Chahadadera of Narwar, 184, 191, 194.
Dynastic List, 298.
Chahamanas or Chohans, 95.
Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Nadole, 95, 278.
Cbaitanya, reformer, 264.
" Chaityavandanakulavritti," 205.
Cbaityavasins, 113.
Cbakana, 165.
Cliakiraja, 72.
Chakradhara temple, destruction, 142.
Chakradhvaja or Brija Simha, Dynastic
List, 276.
Chakrakotta, conquest by Kulottunga
Choladeva I, 128.
Chakrapani, 129, 147.
Chakravarman of Kashmir, 86, 88, 89.
Dynastic List, 294.
Chakrayudha, 75.
Chfilukya feudatories of the Rashtrakutas,
Dynastic List, 280.
Chalukya Vikramavarsha era, beginning of,
129.
Chalukyas :
Amoghavarsha I defeats, 72.
Badami, Early and Western Chalukyas
of, 36.
Bharoch attacked by, 32.
Dynastic List, 278.
Kalyana, connection with, 278.
Bhima seizes part of dominions, 157.
Decline of power, 147, 164.
Divisions, 49.
Dynastic Lists, 278, 279, 280.
Eastern, 49, 86.
Anarchy, 96.
Dynastic List, 279.
Rashtrakutas' war with, 69, 70.
Gujarat, 4 8.
Dynastic List, 279.
Hoysala sovereignty over part of
dominions of, 1 22.
Javakesin I reconciles with the
Cholas, 123.
Krishna I reduces, 67.
Maharashtra, supremacy in, over-
thrown by Rashtrakutas, 6o.
Later dynasty established by Tailapa,
86, 97.
Pithapuram, 172.
Dynastic List, 280.
Yishnuvardhana's invasion, 141.
Chalukyas :
Western :
Dynastic Lists, 278, 279.
Kalachuris of Dekkan, feuda-
tories of, 145.
Rajaraja conquers, 100.
Vijjana or Bijjala conquers,
145, 149, 151', 152, 155, 156.
Chalukya-Bhima I, 81.
Dynastic List, 279.
Chalukya-Bhima II, 90.
Dynastic List, 280.
Chalushparna Vasishtiputra, 25.
Chama Raja, Dynastic List, 297.
Chamaladevi, wife of Tailapa II, 135.
Chamanda, 134.
Champanir :
Ahmad I attacks, 244, 246.
Mahmud Baiqarah attacks, 262, 264.
Malik Sida attacks, 264.
Muhammad Karim attacks, 257.
Muhammadabad founded on site of,
264.
Champaranya devastated by Yasahkarna-
deva, 143.
Champavat copper-plates of Vishnuchandra,
270.
Chamunda, 108, 115.
Chamundaraja, Chaulukya, 102.
Dynastic List, 282.
" Chamundaraja Purana," 99.
Chamundaraya or Chamundaraja, 99.
Chanayagaon copper-plate, 2u9.
Chanchhub, king of Tibet, 119.
Chand, 166.
Chand dynasty of Kumaun, 281.
Chandadanda expedition against Kanarese
Mauryas, 46.
Chandalakabbe, wife of Somesvara, 120.
Chandana of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Chandapala, author, 183.
Chandar, king of Sindh, 50.
Chandawar :
Malik Taju-1-Mulk ravages, 245.
Mubarak Shah and Ibrahim Shah
fight near, 248.
Chandellas :
Dynastic List, 281.
Foundation of dynasty, 75.
Kingdom, extent of, 92.
Chanderi, revolt of 'Umar Khan, 253.
Chandesvara, 214.
Chandiri, Ulugh Khan's expedition against,
194.
Chandi-man inscription, 131.
Chandikahbe, wifa of S'antivarman, 99.
"Chandikasataka," 44.
Chandiyana, death, 83.
22
338
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Chandra, author, 56.
Chandra of Budaun, Dynastic List, 299.
Chandrabhan of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Chandrabhattarika, wife of Bhoja I, 310.
Chandradeva, visits India, 53.
Chandradeva of Kanauj, 134.
Dynastic List, 285.
Chandradeva Kondavidu, 258.
Chandraditya, 46, 54, 58.
Vijayabhattarika, wife of, 54.
Chandraditya S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Chandradityapura, 74.
Chandra°:achchha, new branch, formation,
137.
Chandragani, 132.
Chandragupta, founder of Maurya dynasty,
10, 11.
Chandragupta I, Vikramaditya, 27, 29.
Dynastic List, 288.
Chandragupta II, Vikramaditya II, 30.
Dynastic List, 288.
Chandraka, rise of Dor Rajputs under, 70.
Chandrakantasimha Narendra, Dynastic List,
276.
Chandrakrrti, 49.
ChandramukhaSiva, embassy to Rome, 20.
Chandrapal, 111.
Chandrapida, 60.
Dynastic List, 293.
Chandraprabacharya, 137.
" Chandraprabhasvamicharita," 166.
Chandraraja I of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Chandraraja II of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Chandraraja S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Chandrasena, 153, 168.
Chandrasimha of Mithila, 226.
Chandrasuri, 156.
Yasodevasuri, a pupil of, 143.
Chandravarman, exterminated by Samudra-
gupta, 28.
Chandugideva, 163, 164.
Jayakesin II attacked by, 150.
Chandupandita, 258.
Chanesar of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Changadeva, astrologer, 176.
Chapotkata or Chavada dynasty, 65, 282.
Chashtana, 23.
' Dynastic List, 296.
Chatta, slain by Permadi, 150.
Chatta, Chattaya, or Chattuga, Dynastic List,
292.
Chatta or Shashthadeva, Dynastic List, 291.
ChattaladevI, wife of Vijayaditya, 133.
Chattaya, S'ivachitta Shkshtadeva II, 292.
Chattimarasa, 154.
Chatushparna Vasishtiputra II, 24.
" Chatuvarga Chintamani," 201.
Chaudadampur inscription, 202.
Chaul :
Ibn Muhalhal's visit to, 90.
Portuguese defeat by Malik Ayaz, 269.
Chaulukyas of Anhilvad :
Dynastic Lists, 282.
Foundation, 58, 89.
Yaghela branch, rise of, 179.
Chaundisetti, 193.
" Chaurapafichasika," 128.
'.* Chaurasi Pada," 267.
Chava of Yelburga, Dynastic List, 304.
Chavada or Chapotkata dynasty, 65, 282.
Chavadas of Patgadh, defeat Muda and
Manai, 290.
Chavotaka, invaded by Tajikas, 64.
Chavunda I of Yelburga, Dynastic List,
304.' '
Chavunda II of Yelburga, 157, 159, 162.
Dynastic List, 304.
Chavunda or Chaundaraja, 195.
Chavundaraya, Kadamba, 121.
Chedi :*
Bhoja attacks king of, 109.
Chandradeva quells disturbances in,
135.
Dynastic List, Kalachuris, 293.
Epoch of era, 26.
Madanavarmadeva defeats king of,
145.
Sallakshanavarmadeva subdues, 136.
Somes vara attacks, 120.
Tailapa defeats king of, 97.
Vakpati II conquers Yuvarajadeva,
98.
Yasovarman subdues, 87.
Chellur inscriptions, 131, 144.
Chen-to-lo-pi-li identical with Chandrapida,
60.
Chengiri, subdued by Yishnuvardhana, 140.
Cheras :
Cheruman Perumal, last king of, 74.
Govinda III captures king of, 69.
Namburis and Xairs, rebellion, 29.
Jayasimha II reduces, 111.
Cheruman Perumal, king of Cheras, 74.
Chhaju, Malik:
Revolt, 207.
Telingana expedition, 211.
" Chhandonusasana," 152.
''Chhandoratnavali," 187.
Chhismaka, dynasty founded by, 14.
Chhittaraja, S'ilahara, 1 14.
Dynastic last, 303.
Chibdia rJrahmans, grants to, 80.
Chicacole copper-plates, 131.
Chi-chi-siang, Jfianasri, visit to China, 124.
Chidambaram temple inscription, 194.
Chikka, 186.
INDEX.
339
Chikka-Bagwadi inscriptions, 192, 193.
China : Buddhist teachers and translators :
Oliikka Deva, Dynastic List, 297.
U-K'ong, 66.
Chiltadurg inscriptions, 225.
Upa^unya, 40.
China :
Vajrabodhi, 61.
Al-Mas'udI visits, 93.
Vimalakshas, 30.
Buddhist teachers and translators :
Viraokshaprajfia Rishi and
Araoghavajra, 61.
Prajnaruchi, 41.
Atigupta, 53.
Vinitaruchi, 43.
Bodhidharman, 39.
Embassies to, 22, 24, 28, 31, 35, 37,
Bodhiruchi, 38.
38, 39, 41, 42, 92, 218.
Buddhabhadra, 31.
Muhammad ibn Tughlaq sends
Buddhacharitakavya, 22.
expedition against, 218.
Buddha jiva, 31.
Sulaiman's voyage to, 77.
Buddhapala, 57.
Wang Hsiian-tse's expedition to
Buddhasanta, 39.
Thanesar, 53.
Buddhayasas, 30.
Chinghiz Khan, 179, 184.
Chi-chi-siang Jnanasri, 124.
Chinnabhatta, 230.
" Dasasahasrika prajnapara -
Chiplun inscription, 155.
ririta," 29.
Chippata-Jayapida, 72.
Dharmadeva, 97.
Chipurupalle grant, 47.
Dharmagupta, 44.
Chitaldurg copper-plate, 229.
Dharmakala, 25.
Chitor :
Dharmamitra, 31.
'Alau-d-Din captures, 211.
Dharraaraksha, 30.
Bahadur Khan visits, 273.
Dharraaruchi, 50.
Guhila conquest, 63.
Divakara, 57.
Inscriptions, 203, 204, 205.
Fa-chI, 41.
Kumbhakarna's Pillar of Victory, 255.
Fa-hu Dharmaksha, 106.
Mahmud Khan's expedition, 255.
Fa-yung, 31.
Muzaffar II of Gujarat, expedition,
Gautama Dharmajnana, 42.
272.
Gautama Prajnaruchi, 40.
Qutbu-d- Din's expedition, 259.
Gautama Sanghadeva, 29.
Chitorgadh inscription, 149, 205.
Gunavarman, 32.
Chitramaya, 63.
Gunavriddhi, 36.
Chitrur territory, invaded by Ulugh Khan,
Hiuen Tsang, 49.
195.
I-tsing, 56.
Choda or Vikrama-Rudra of Konamandala,
Jfianagupta, 42.
145.
Jfianayasas, 42.
Choda of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Kalayasas, 31.
Choda of Yelanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Kasyapa and Fa-lan, 21.
Choda princes wait upon Karnadeva, 121.
Narendrayasas, 41.
Chohans : see title Chahamanas.
Ka-thi, Xadi, or Punyopaya, 54.
Chola kingdom :
Paramartha, 41.
Bhima seizes part of, 157.
Prabhakaramitra, 48.
Chandugideva conquers, 164.
Prajiia, 68.
Dynastic List, 283.
Pramiti, MegaSikha, and Huai
Eastern Chalukyas invaded by, 96.
Ti, 60.
Jayakesin I subdues, 123.
Ratnachinta, 58.
Jayasimha II subdues, 111.
Ratnaraati, 38.
Kakkala conquers, 96.
Sanghabhuti, 29.
Krishna, sovereign of, 192.
Sanghavarman, 26, 32.
Pandya dominions added to, 180.
S'eng-ki-po-mo, 54.
Pulikesin II, invasion, 46.
Shih Ch'-mang, 30.
Rajendra-Chola II seizes, 128.
Shi'-hu Danapala, 99.
Ravivarman subdues, 203.
S'ubhakara, 61.
SomeSvara attacks, 120.
Sung Yun and Hui-sang, 39.
Tailapa attacks, 97.
Tao-sheng, 53.
Yakpati 11 subdues, 97.
Thien-si-tsai, 99.
Veiigl kingdom merged in, 49.
340
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Chola kingdom :
Vikramaditya Chalukya proceeds
against, 127.
Vikramaditya I, rebellion against, 54.
Vikramaditya II subdues, 63.
Vinayaditya subdues, 57.
Virupaksha conquers, 230.
Cholapuram inscription, 144.
Choliya kings, subdued by Kirtivarman I, 42.
Chonda, supplanted by Mokalasimba, 235,
249, 287.
Chonda of Marvad, Dynastic List, 297.
ChorasI and Bardoli, Bharoeh kingdom, 32.
Christian missionaries martyred at Thana,
216.
Chu Fa-Hu, translations by, 26.
Chu-benpha, Dynastic List, 275.
Chu-chainpha, 275.
Chu-chinpha, 275.
Chu-dangpha, 275.
North-Eastern Bengal conquered by,
245.
Chu-hangpha, 275.
Chu-humpha, 275.
Chu-jangpha, 275.
Chu-kapha, 275.
Chu-kangpha, 275.
Chu-khamethepa, 275.
Chu-khampha, 275.
Chu-khan, invasion of Khurasan, 34.
Chu-khrunpha, 275.
Chu-klunpha, 275.
Chu-lo-ta, ambassador to China, 37.
Chu-phukpha, 275.
Chu-ruinpha, 275.
Chu-simpha, 275.
Chu-singpha, 275.
Chu-taopha, 275.
Chu-toupha, 275.
Chudasama, of Girnar, Dynastic List, 283.
Chukum or Jayadhvajasiihha, Dynastic
List, 276.
Chutavana, battle of, 64.
Cintra prasasti, 204.
Claudius, embassy from Ceylon, 20.
Cochin :
Albuquerque establishes fort at, 268.
Indian embassies pass through, 24.
Jewish colony, 68.
Colombo, Portuguese take possession of,
271.
Columbum, Friar Jordanus, Roman Catholic
Bishop of, 217.
Constantine, Indian embassy to, 27.
Constantinople f
Crusaders conquer, 174.
Indian embassy to, 40.
Turks conquer, 258.
Constantius, Indian embassy to, 28.
Coorg conquered by Rajaraja, 10<).
Copper currency introduced by Muhammad
ibnTughlaq, 217.
Crusaders, conquest of Constantinople, 174.
D.
Dabhoi inscriptions, 48, 189.
Dadagaon copper-plate, 254, 260, 261.
Dadda I, 32.
Dynastic List, 289.
Dadda II, 35.
Dynastic List, 289.
Dadda III, 43.
Dynastic List, 289.
Dadda IV, 45, 48, 51.
Dynastic List, 289.
Dadda V, Dynastic List, 289.
Dahala attacked by Somesvara I, 120.
Dahir, king of Sindh, 50, 59, 60.
Dahrasena, Traikuta, 26, 34.
Dailwada, Jaina temple at, 116.
Daimachos, embassy to Bindusara, 11.
" Daivajualankriti," 213.
Daivaputras, conquered by Samudragupta,
28.
Dalaki, defeat by Ghiyasu-d-Dm Balban,
192.
Dalaraja, 228.
Dalpatsiriiha, Dynastic List, 277.
Dama of Yelburga, Dynastic List, 304.
Damajadasri I, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Damajadasri II, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Damana of Erandapalla, conquered by
Samudragupta, 28.
Damara Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Damaras, rebellion against Sussala, 142.
Damasena, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Damayada, 24.
Dynastic List, 296.
" Damayantikatha," 85.
Commentary on, 183.
Dambal inscriptions, 134, 229.
Damodara, author, 244.
Damodara, father of Sarngadhara, 226.
Damodara, inscription, 147.
Damodara, Parivragaka Maharaja, 34.
Dynastic List, 300.
Damodaragupta, Dynastic List, 288.
Damodaragupta, poet, 68.
" Danakalpadruma," 254.
Danarnava, Eastern Chalukya, 96, 106.
Dynastic List, 280.
INDEX.
341
Danarnava of Kalinga, Dynastic List,
286.'
" Danavakyavali," 194, 237.
Dandapur inscription, 86.
Dandin, author, 44.
Dantidurga, Rashtrakuta, 65, 66, 67.
Dynastic List, 300.
Dantiga, 69, 89.
Dantivarman, 78.
Dynastic List, 300.
Dantivarman of Gujarat, Dynastic List,
301.
Danyal, Assam expedition, 267.
Darbhaka, 6.
Dareios Hystaspes, subdues races on right
bank of Indus, 5.
Darpa Narayana or Narasimha, 305.
Darvabhisara, king of, alliance with San-
karavarman, 80.
Darya of Berar, 273.
Dynastic List, 317.
Darya Khan, governor of Gujarat, 227.
Darya Khan of Thatta, death, 271.
Dasa of Yelburga, Dynastic List, 304.
Dasabala, author, 109 (note).
"Dasabala Sutras," Sanskrit text taken to
China, 66.
" Dasabhumi," Sanskrit text taken to China,
66.
" Dasagitika," 34.
" Dasakumaracharita," 44.
Dasapura, temple at, 33.
Dasaratha, 147.
Dasaratha Maurya, 13.
"Dasarupa," 100.
" Dasarupavaloka," 100.
" Dasasahasrikaprajfiaparamita," translation
of, 29.
"Dasavaikalikasutra," commentary on, 174.
" Dasavataracharita," 118.
Datta, 84.
Da'ud Bidari, 227.
Da'ud ibn Yazid ibn Hatim, Muhallabi,
governor of Sindh, 70.
Da'ud Khan of Khandesh, 267, 269.
Dynastic List, 316.
Da'ud, Malik, Sirhind expedition, 243.
Da'ud, Saljuqi:
Ghazni invaded by, 123, 125.
Khurasan ruled by, 120, 125.
Mas'ud's war with, 117, 119.
Da'ud Shah of Bengal, Dynastic List, 314.
Da'ud Shah of Gujarat, 259,
Dynastic List, 316.
Da'ud Shah of Kulbarga, 229.
Dynastic List, 316.
Daulat Khan Liidi, 239, 242.
Dynastic List, 312.
Daulatabad :
Battle near, 249.
Capital city of Muhammad ibn
Tughlaq, 219.
Founded by Muzaffar II, 270.
Observatory near, 240.
Siege of, 221.
Davaka, empire of Samudragupta, 28.
Davangere inscriptions, 126, 143, 204.
Davari or Dayima of Saundatti, Dynastic
List, 301.
Davedas, Dynastic List, 291.
Debi Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Deda or Dadar of Kanthkot, Dynastic List,
290.
Dehanaga, wife of Mahendrapala, 67.
Dehingia family, 275 (note).
Dekkan, The :
'Alau-d- Din's invasion, 208.
Bahmani dynasty, 222, 316.
Barid Shah! dynasty, 266.
Chalukya dynasty, 36, 49, 279.
Hovsala dynasty, 122, 289.
Nasiru-d- Din's revolt, 221, 222.
Nizam SJiahi dynasty, 265, 317.
Bashtrakutas of, 66, 300.
Shaikh Azuri visits, 251.
Delhanadevi, 148.
Delhi :
Agra supersedes, as capital city, 267.
Amirs league against Sarwaru-1-
Mulk, 252.
Bahadur Khan visits, 273.
Buhlul Ludi besieges, 255, 256.
Dynastic Lists of Sultans, 311, 312.
Famine, 221.
Fazlu-llah Khan builds mosque at,
273.
Haji Maula's revolt, 210.
Hoysala kingdom, final annexation,
207.'
Iqbal Khan captures, 237.
*Izzu-d-Dln Balban-i-Kashlii Khan
attacks, 198.
Khizr Khan besieges, 241, 242.
Khusru's reign of terror, 215.
Khwajah Qutbu-d-Dln visits, 184.
MahmudKhalji's expedition against,
254.
Mughal invasions, 188, 207, 211, 217,
273.
Mu'izzu-d-Dln, invasion, 168.
Nasiri'ah College, 169.
Nasrat Shah, invasion, 237.
Pathan line of Sultans, rise of, 257.
Qiramitah and Mulahidah heretics,
rising of, 186.
Qutbu-d-Dln captures, 168.
342
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Delhi :
Sindh, annexation, 181.
Siwalikh temple inscription, 154.
Timur, invasion, 234, 23(3.
Demaladevi, wife of Chavunda, 157.
Demetrios, conquest of the Panjab, 13.
Demetrius, martyrdom, 216.
Deo-Baranark inscription of Jivitagupta, 36.
Deogadh inscriptions, 77, 135.
Deoli grants, 79, 81, 88, 89.
Deopara inscription, Dynastic List from, 303.
Dera Ismail Khan bestows territories on
Malik Suhrab Hot, 261.
" Desinamamala," 96, 152.
Dettadevi, wife of Samudragupta, 28.
Deur inscription, 167.
Devabhadra, sect of Jains founded by, 169.
Devabhadracharya, consecrates Jinavallabha,
138.
Devadhya, Dynastic List, 300.
Devagiri :
'Alau-d-Din attacks and pillages, 208.
Bhillama captures, 165.
Dynastic List, Later Yadavas, 310.
Harapala's revolt, 215.
Name changed to Daulatabad, 219.
Devagupta of Eastern Malava, 44.
Daughter married to Budrasena II,
308.
Dynastic List, 288.
Devait Bodar, 284.
Devalamahadevi, wife of Vira-Somesvara,
184, 197.
Devanampiyatissa, Buddhism introduced
into Ceylon during reign of, 12.
Devananda, 202.
Devanandin, identical with Pujyapada, 57.
Devanayya, governor of Belvola district, 78.
Devanga of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Devapala of Bengal, Dynastic List, 298.
Devapala of Budaun, Dynastic List, 299.
Devapala, Kachchhapaghata prince, Dynastic
List, 291.
Devapala of Kanauj, 91.
Dynastic List, 296.
Image of Vishnu belonging to, 87.
Devapala, Paramara, 185.
Devapaladeva, ruler of Dhara, 178.
Devaraj, Dynastic List, 290.
Devaraja, feudatory of Mahadeva, 202.
" Devaram," 45.
Devaraya I of Vijayanagara, 241, 242.
Dynastic List, 309.
Devaraya II of Vijayanagara, 247, 255,
256, 258.
Dynastic List, 309.
Devarddhiganin Kshamasramana, Jaina
Canon revised by, 33.
Devarmadeva, Chandella, 123.
Dynastic List, 282.
Devasakti, Dynastic List, 310.
Devasena, Dynastic List, 308.
Devasimha, 237, 305.
Devasundra, 220.
Pupils of, 223, 224, 248.
Devasuri's " Santinathacharitra," 202, 205.
Devendra Munisvara, 228.
Devendragani or Nemichandra, 129.
Devendvasimha, 181.
Devendrasiiri, 187, 191.
Devendravarman, copper-plate of, 131.
" Devisataka," commentaries on, 87, 99.
Dewal inscription, 101.
Dhadiadeva or Dhadibhandaka, governor of
Sitabaldi, 133.
Dhadiyappa I, Dynastic List, 309.
Dhadiyappa II, 104.
Dynastic List, 310.
Dhahilla, Dynastic List, 292.
Dhalaga, slain by Chalukya-Bhima, 88.
Dhallp Chand, Dynastic List, 28 1 .
Dhamma or Sacred Law, adoption by
Asoka, 11.
Dhammamahamatras, 12.
" Dhammapadasutta," translation, 25.
Dhammiyara, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Dhamolah, defeat of Kana of Chitor at, 272.
Dhanafrjaya, author, 100.
Dhanarijaya, Jaina poet, 146.
Dhanafijaya of Kusthalapura, conquered by
Samudragupta, 28.
Dhanapala, author, 92, 96.
Dhanesa, 201.
Dhanga or Dhangadeva, Chandella, 92,
103, 105.
Dynastic List, 282.
Dhanika, author, 100.
Dhanyakataka, shrine of, 24.
" Dhanyasalicharitra," 254.
Dhanyavishnu, 37.
Dhara :
Muzaffar Shah I besieges, 240.
Somesvara seizes, 109, 120.
Dharanivaraha, 103.
Dharanivaraha, chief of Vardhamana, 84.
Dharapatta of Valabhl, 41, 42.
Dynastic List, 308.
Dharasena I, Dynastic List, 308.
Dharasena II, 36, 42, 45.
Dynastic List, 308.
Dharasena III, 47.
Dynastic List, 308.
Dharasena IV, 36, 48, 51, 53.
Dynastic List, 308.
Dharasraya Jayasimhavarman, Chalukya of
Gujarat, Dynastic List, 279.
INDEX.
343
" Dharmabhyudayamahakavya,'' 182.
Pharma Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Dharma of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Dharmadasagani's " Upadesamala," com-
mentary on, 164.
Dharmadeva of Nepal, 60.
Dynastic List, 296.
Dharmadeva Fa-tkien, translations by, 97.
Dharmadhata, travels of, 66.
Dharmaghosha, author, 153, 175.
Dhavmagupta, translations by, 44.
Dharmaiatayasas, 35.
Dharmajnana, 41.
Dharmakala, 25.
Dharmakumarasadhu's " Salibhadra-
charitra," 202.
Dharmamitra, 31.
" Dharmamrita," 185.
Dharmangada, 230.
Dharmapala, head of Nalanda College, 49.
Dharmapala of Bengal, 75.
Dynastic List, 298.
" Dharmapariksha," 102.
Dharmapriya, 29.
Dharmaraksha, 26, 30.
Dharmaruchi, 37, 58.
"Dharmasiksha," 138.
Dharmatilaka, 203.
" Dhatupatha," 68.
Dhavala of Anhilvad, Dynastic List, 282.
Dhavala, Rashtrakuta of Hastikundi, 103.
Dhavalappa, 84.
Dhiniki grant of Jaikadeva, 64.
Dhiramati, wife of Narasirhhadeva, 194,
237.
Dhirasimha or Hridaya Narayana, 305.
Dholka, Lavanprasada and Viradhavala
establish their independence at, 179.
Dhondo Raghunatha, 203.
Dhorasamudra attacked bv Permiidi I, 141.
Dliruva, 69.
Dhruva I of Gujarat, 75, 76.
Dynastic List, 301.
Dhruva II, 78, 81.
Baroda grant of, 72.
Dynastic List, 301.
Dhruvabhata or Dhruvasena : see title
Dhruvasena II.
Dhruvabhata of Vardhamana, 84.
Dhruvadeva, 54.
Dynastic List, 296.
Dhruvarfija Nirupama Dharavarsha I : see
title Dhruva 1.
Dhruvaraja Xirupama Dharavarsha II of
Gujarat, Dynastic List : see title Dhruva II.
Dhruvarajadeva of Gujarat, 06, 301.
Dhruvasena I of Valabhi, 36, 40, 41.
Dynastic List, 308.
Dhruvasena II of Valabhi, 45, 48, 51.
Dynastic List, 308.
Dhruvasena III of Valabhi, 51, 53, 54.
Dynastic List, 308.
' ' Dhvany aloka, " 77.
Commentary on, 102.
Dibal :
Mughirah attacks, 50.
Muhammad ibn Qasim reduces, 60.
Mu'izzu-d-Din conquers, 163.
Dibalpur :
Jasrat attacks, 246.
Mughal raid, 225.
Dida, Rawal of Dungarpur, seizes Galiakot,
212.
Didda of Kashmir, wife of Kshemagupta,
91, 93, 96, 98, 99.
Death, 106.
Dynastic List, 294.
Digambara sect of Jains, rise of, 22.
Dighwa-Dubauli copper -plates, 67.
D ynastic List from, 310.
Dignaga of KafichI, 39.
Dilawar Khan of Malava, 233, 236, 238,
239.
Dynastic List, 315.
Dilshad conquers Uchh, 268.
Din Krishna Das, poet, 265.
Dinajpur copper-plate, 114.
Dinakaramisra, 230.
Diodotos, founder of Graeco - Baktrian
kingdom, 12, 13.
Dip Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Dipankara S'rijfiana, Buddhist sage, 100,
119.
Dipavamsa chronicle of Ceylon, 27.
Divakara, 44, 57.
Divakara, father of Bhaskara, 115.
Divakaramitra, Buddhist teacher, 49, 56.
Dodda-Homma inscription, 99.
Dodda Krishna, Raja, Dynastic List, 297.
Dohad inscription, 134.
Dombaka, Dynastic List, 295.
Domma, conquered by Rudra, 157.
Donti Alia Reddi, Dvnastic List, 302.
Dor Rajputs, 70, 168.
Dorasamudra, Hoysalas of, Dynastic List,
289.
Dramila, kings of :
Kirtivarman subdues, 42.
Nandivarman, alliance against, 63.
Drangiana, invasion by Kozulo Kadphises,
18.
Dravida, king of :
Jayasifhha's alliance with, 130.
Somesvara subdues, 144.
Dridhaprahara, Yadava, 74.
Dynastic List, 309.
344
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Dronasimha of Valabhi, 39, 40.
Dynastic List, 308.
Drought in Southern Asia, 116.
Dua, invasions, 209, 211.
Dubkund inscriptions, 113, 133.
Dynastic List from, 291.
Duda. I of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Duda, II of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Duda III of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Duda IV of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Dudda, Buddhist monastery founded by,
36.
Dugdhamalla, Dynastic List, 280.
Duha or Dhaula Rai, 297.
Dul Chain, surrender to Tfmur, 236.
Dulu Dilawar Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Dundhgarh, Rajputs expelled from, 115.
Duhgarendradeva, Tomara of Gwaliar, 255.
Dynastic List, 306.
Dungarpur :
Ahmad I subdues, 252.
Bahadur Khan visits, 273.
Virasimha captures, 225.
Dungasiriiha, Maharaja, Dynastic List,
277.
Durga temple inscription, 63.
" Durgabhaktitarahgini," 237.
Durgagana, inscription from, 64.
" Durgaprabodhavyakhya," 182.
Durgaraja, 60.
Durjaya, Dynastic List, 292.
Durlabha I of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Durlabha II of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Durlabha III of Ajmir, 132.
Dynastic List, 277.
Durlabha of Anhilvad, 108, 1 13.
Durlabhadevi, wife of Satyasraya, 41.
Durlabhaka, Pratapaditya, Dynastic List,
293.
Durlabharaja, 103, 112.
Dynastic List, 282.
Durlabhavardhana, 60, 62.
Dynastic List, 293.
Dusaj, Dynastic List, 290.
" Dvadasakulaka," 138.
Dvarasamudra :
Malik Kaffir's expedition against,
213.
Saluva Tikammadeva reduces, 204.
Dvaravati or Dvaraka :
Bhuyada conquers, 78.
Early Yadavas migrate from, 74.
Dvaravatipura or Dvarasamudra, Hoysala
capital, 122.
" Dvasrayakosa," commentary on, 166.
Dvipa, temple to S'iva, 183.
" DvyaSrayakavya," 152.
B.
Early Chalukyas : see title Chalukyas.
Early Yadavas, 74, 309.
Earthquake at Agra, 268.
Eastern Chalukyas : see title Chalukyas.
Echaladevi, wife of Ereyahga, 125.
Echaladevi, wife of Kartavirya IY, 171.
Echaladevi, wife of Narasimha I, 155.
Edatoie, conquest by Bajendra-Chola I, 105.
Egypt, embassy to, 205.
Ekamranatha inscriptions, 183, 240.
Ekbatana, Alexander the Great at, 10.
Elichpur ceded to 'Alau-d-Dln, 208.
Elura inscriptions, 66.
Ephthalites : see title Huns.
Eran inscriptions, 35, 37, 38.
Erega or Ereyamma of Saundatti, 120.
Dynastic list, 301.
Ereyahga, Hoysala, 122, 125, 137.
Dynastic List, 289.
Ereyanna or Eraga, governor of Banavasi
and Santalige districts, 168.
Ereyappa, 82, 91.
Ereyapparasa inscription, 88.
Eriyavarman of Velanandu, Dynastic List,
"309.
Erode inscription, 208.
Erraya of Yelanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Etawah :
Iqbal Khiin besieges, 239.
Kamalu-1-Mulk, expedition, 251.
Khizr Khan takes tribute from, 245.
Maliku-s-Sharq Taju-1-Mulk, ex-
pedition, 243, 244, 245.
Mubarak Shah II, expedition, 246.
Muhammad Shah III destroys, 232.
Eudemos, administrator of the Panjab, 9, 10.
Eukratideia, founded by Mithridates I, 13.
Eukratides, 13, 15.
Eulaios, Alexander the Great at, 10.
Eumenes, attack upon Antigonos, 10.
Euthydemos II, 13, 14.
P.
Fa-chI or Dharmajhana, 41.
Fa-chien, 34.
Fa-hien, Travels, 29.
Fa-hu, Dharmaraksha, 106.
Fa-lan, 21.
Fa-yung, 31.
Factories, European, 267, 268.
Faizabad copper-plate, 165.
Fakhru-d-Din Abu Muhammad ibn 'All
Zailai, death, 220.
INDEX.
345
Fakhru-d-Din Junan : see title Muhammad
Firiiz Shah III of Delhi :
ibu Tughlaq.
Muhammad Khan, co-regent, revolt
Fakhru-d-Din Mubarak Shah, 188, 219.
and flight, 231.
Dynastic List, 313.
Fakhru-d-Diu Salari, surrender to Jalalu-
Pilgrimage to tomb of Salar Mas'ud
Ghazi, 228.
d-Din, 180.
Taxes abolished by, 228.
Fakhru-1-Mulk Karimu-d-Din Laghri, 190.
Firiiz, Shaikh, death of, 258.
Famine :
Firuzabad :
Delhi, 221.
Iqbal Khan seizes, 235.
Kashmir, 85, 135.
Khizr Khan seizes, 241.
Southern Asia, 116.
Muhammad Khan attacks, 231.
Farawah :
Nasrat Shah declared king, 234.
Beghu receives, from Mas'ud, 117.
Firiizi College, Uchh :
Saljuqs receive land near, from
Minhaj-i-Saraj, head of, 181.
Mas'ud, 119.
Minhaju-d-Din, head of, 169.
Farhatu-1-Mulk, governor of Gujarat, 229.
Firuzpiir fortress built by Firuz Shah III,
lie volt and death, 232.
230.
Farid Ganj-i-Shakar, Shaikh, 254.
Flood in Kashmir, 135.
Faridu-d-Din Shakarganj, 159, 160.
" Fo-kwo-chi," compiled by Fa-hien, 29.
Farldu-d-Dln Slier Shah of Delhi, Dynastic
Fushanj, subdued by Ya'qub ibn Lais, 78.
List, 312.
" Futuhu-1-Buldan," 81.
Farrukhi, 105.
" Futuhu-s-Sindh," 81.
Farrukh-zad, ruler of Ghazni, 124.
Dynastic List, 311.
"Fars-nama," 240.
G.
Fath- Allah of Berar, 264, 268.
Dynastic List, 317.
Gadada-Singayya, 165.
Fath Khan: see title Mahmud Shah I,
Gadadhar Gay a, inscription, 156.
Baiqarah.
Gadadharasimha, Dynastic List, 276.
Fath Khan of Delhi, 226, 228.
Gadag inscriptions, 97, 106, 66.
Fath Khan of Gujarat, birth of, 256.
Gadaphara or Gondophares, 19, 20.
" Fatb-Nama," 220.
Gadhwa, inscriptions, 30.
Fath Shah of Bengal, 263, 264.
Gagaha copper-plates, 149.
Dynastic List, 314.
Gaganasimhadeva, 142.
Fath Shah of Kashmir, Dynastic List, 315.
Gagrun, Mahmud Khalji defeated at, 271.
Fayiq-i-Khasah, 103, 104.
Gahawars or Rathors of Kanauj, Dynastic
Fazlu-llah Khan, mosque built by, 273.
List, 285.
Fida'i Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Gahoji or Godaji, Dynastic List, 290.
Firdausi, 105, 111.
Gajan, of Bara, Dynastic List, 290.
Firuz 'All, Malik, expedition against
Gajasiriiha, Bikanir Raj, Dynastic List, 27-7.
Muhammad Khan, 231.
Gajasimha, Jesalmir Maharawal, Dynastic
List, 291.
Firuz Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Firuz Khan, governor of Baroda, 241.
Gajasimha, Raja of Marvad, Dynastic List,
Firuz Shah BahmanI, 246.
297.
Observatory built by, 240.
Gakk'har Shah, 106.
Firuz Shah 11 (Jalalu-d-Din Firiiz Shah)
Dynastic List, 285.
of Delhi, 207, 208, 209.
Gakk'hars or Khokars :
Dynastic List, 312.
Dynastic List, 285.
Firuz Shah III of Delhi:
Pan jab raid, 220.
Galagnath inscription, 108.
Ahmad Ayaz put to death by, 224.
Birth, 212.
Galiakot, captured by Dida, 212.
Campaigns, 224, 226, 229, 230.
Canals cut by, 225.
Gama, Vasco da, voyage of, 266.
Gambhirasangama, battle of, 143, 145.
Death, 231.
Gamuodabbe, wife of Govinda III, 69.
Diploma and robes of honour sent by
Ganadeva of Kondavidu, 258.
Khalifah of Egypt, 225.
" Ganadharasardhasataka," 138.
Dynastic List, 312.
Ganapamba, princess, inscription, 193.
Firuzpiir fortress built by, 230.
Ganapati, lord of the Andhra country, 167.
346
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Ganapati of Narwar :
Gangapermanadi - Vikramaditya, districts
Dynastic List, 298.
governed by, 124.
Inscriptions, 207, 298.
Gangaraja or Gangarasa, 141, 156.
Ganapati of Orahgal, 183, 193, 194, 199.
Gangasimha, Maharaja, 277.
Dynastic List, 292.
Gangdhar inscription, 31.
Ganapatideva of Gwaliar, Dynastic List, 306.
Gangeyadeva of Chedi, 118, 121.
Ganapatidevarasa, feudatory of Mahadeva,
Dynastic List, 293.
202.
" Ganitapatikaumudi," 225.
Ganapatinaga, exterminated by Samudra-
Gardaiz, captured by Mu'izzu-d-Dln, 160.
gupta, 2b.
Garga, poet, 148.
Ganapesraram temple inscription, 183.
Garmsir, Saljuq invasion, 121.
Ganda or Nanda, Chandella of Kalanjara,
Garur Gyan Chand, 227.
105, 113.
Dynastic List, 281.
Dynastic List, 282.
Gauda Kings :
Ganda of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Ganapati receives homage from, 183.
Ganda Gopala, 201.
Karnadeva waited upon by, 121.
Gandaraditya, Chola, 91.
Krishna II fights against, 79.
Dynastic List, 283.
Vikramaditya invades, 120.
Gandaraditya, S'ilahara, 138, 149.
Yasovarman subdues, 87.
Dynastic List, 304.
" Gaiidavaho," 58, 62.
Gandhara :
Gaur, capital city of Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud
Dareios Hystaspes subjugates, 5.
Little Kushanas of, 32, 34.
Shah, 256.
'Alau-d-Dln Husain Shah defeated
Prabhakaravardhana fights with king
at, 266.
of, 43.
Gauri or Gaurambika, wife of Bukka I,
Sung Yun's visit, 39.
224.
U-K'ong's visit, 66.
Gaurimathasimha, Dynastic List, 276.
"Waihand identified with Udabhanda-
Gautama, the Buddha, 4, 6 : see also title
pura, 80.
Buddhism.
Ganesa, Chudasama, Dynastic List, 284.
Gautama Dharmagnana, governor of Yang
Ganesa, Raja of Dungarpur, submission to
Chuan district, 42.
Ahmad I, 252.
Gautama Prajnaruchi, translation by, 40.
Gahga Kings :
Gautamiputra, 22.
Eastern Chalukyas, war with, 70.
Dynastic List, 307.
Kirtivarman I subdues, 42.
Gaya inscriptions, 101, 119, 159, 161, 169,
Krishna II subdues, 79.
228, 298.
Later Gangas of Kalihga, Dynastic
Gayakarnadeva of Chedi, 153.
List, 286.
Alhanadevi, wife of, 154, 287.
Pulikesin's alliance with, 46.
Dynastic List, 293.
References, general, for dynasty, 131.
" Gayapattana," 237.
Vijayaditya III conquers, 76.
Gedrosia, 9, 11.
Vishnuvardhana conquers, 140.
Genhra I of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Gangadasa of Champanir, attacked by
Ghair-Mahdvis, 268.
Muhammad Karim, 257.
Ghalib Khan, 234, 238.
Gahgadeva S'ilabara, 134, 135.
Ghamanda of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Dynastic List, 304.
Gharsi, Dynastic List, 290.
Gangadhara, astronomer, 253.
Ghassan of Khurasan, 73, 75.
Gangadhara, poet, 121, 129, 147.
Ghatotkacha, founder of Gupta dynasty, 27.
Gangaikonda Ko - Rajaraja - Kajakesari -
Dynastic List, 288.
varman, 110.
Ghazi Beg Tughlaq Khan repels Mughal
" Gahgakrityaviveka," 266.
invasion, and is made governor of tlie
Ganganau copper-plates, 230, 258.
Panjab, 211.
Gaiiganur inscription, 178.
Ghazi Malik Tughlaq : see title Ghiyasu-d-
Gangapadi conquered by Rajaraja, 100.
Din Tughlaq.
Gahga-Permanadi, governor of the Karnata,
Ghazi Mujain, name by which Salar Mas'ud
112.
Gjiazi is commemorated, 116.
Gangapermanadi - Bhuvanaikavira - Udaya -
Ghazni :
diiya, 129.
Alp-Tigin seizes, 88, 94.
INDEX.
347
Ghazni :
Bahram Shah seizes, 140.
Dynastic List, 311.
Ghuzz tribe invades, 153, 157.
Hind, force from, invades, 97.
Is-haq ousts Lawik, 95.
Khusru Malik last of Ghaznivides,
163.
Muhammad Shah seizes, 177.
Qutbu-d-Din invades, 175.
Saljuq invasions, 123, 124, 125.
San jar invades, 147.
Taipal invades, 99.
Taju-d-Din Ilduz seizes, 174.
Ya'qub ibn Lais subdues, 78.
Ghazni Khan Muhammad of Malava, 253.
Dynastic List, 315.
Ghiyas SaSh Khalji of Malava, 262, 267.
Dynastic List, 316.
Ghiyasu-d-Din, 165, 167, 172.
Ghiyasu-d-Din A'zam Shah of Bengal, 227,
232.'
Dynastic List, 313.
Ghivasu-d-Din Bahadur Shah of Bengal,
213,' 215, 216.
Dynastic List, 313.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Bahmani of Kulbarga, 235.
Dynastic List, 316.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban or Ulugh Khan-i-
A'zani of Delhi, 169, 193.
Amir-i-Hajib, 190.
Campaigns, 172, 191, 192, 193, 194,
195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 205.
Daughter marries Mahmud Shah, 193.
Death, 206.
Delhi, throne seized by, 203.
Dynamic List, 312.
Honours conferred on, 193.
'Imadu-d-Din-i-llayhan intrigues
against, 195.
Mughals, settlement in Delhi under,
207.
Nusiru-d-Dln's marriage negotia-
tions, 200.
Nasiru-d-Din Bughra Khan, son of,
313.
Rebellion against 'Imadu-d-Din, 196.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Damghani, of Ma'bar, 219.
Dynastic List, 317.
Ghiyasu-d-Din 'Iwaz, 179, 180, 181, 182.
Dynastic List, 313.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Jalal Shah of Bengal,
Dynastic List, 314.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Jalal Shah II of Bengal,
Dynastic List, 314.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Khalji, 266.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Mahmud of Ghur, 174.
Dynastic List, 311.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Mahmud Shah III of
Bengal, Dynastic List, 314.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Muhammad of Ghur, 157.
Dynastic List, 311.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Pir 'Ali, 229, 230.
Ghivasu-d-Din Pir Shah, 180.
Ghiyasu-d-Din Tughtaq, 212, 215, 216,
217.
Dynastic List, 312.
Ghorkhalis, conquest of Kumaun by, 281.
Ghumli or Bhumli, 64.
Destruction, 214.
Ghur :
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar reduces, 53.
Dynastic List of Rulers, 311.
Mahmud's expedition, 108.
Mas'ud's expedition, 111.
Sultan Shah Khwarizmi seizes, 167.
Ghurak, fort of, Abu-'l-Fath Ludi im-
prisoned in, 108.
Gliuris :
Hirat seized by, 161.
Malava dynastv, 238, 315.
Ghurratu-1-Kamal, 196.
GJiuzz tribe :
Ghazni expedition, 153, 157.
Ghiyasu-d-Din vanquishes, 157.
Sanjar taken prisoner by, 153.
Girnar (Junagadh) :
Ahmad 1's expedition against, 243.
Chudasama, princes of, Dynastic
List, 283.
" Gitagovinda," 136.
Glausai, conquest by Alexander the Great, 8.
Goa:
Achagi II captures, 143.
Achagi repulses invasion by king of,
130.
Albuquerque's settlement, 268.
Grant, copper-plate, 47, 191.
Hindu governors attempt to re-
capture, 261.
Kadambas of, Dynastic List, 291.
Madhavanka captures, 232.
Vijayaditya reinstates rulers of, 149.
Gobind Rai, 168.
Godavari grants, 55, 86.
Goggi, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 303.
Gohati, fort of, built by Chakiadhvaja,
276.
Gokarna, king, 157.
Golkonda, Qutb Shahis of, Dynastic List,
318.
Gonamarasa, governor of the Tordavadi
country, 168.
Gondala copper-plate, 61.
Goudophares or Yndopherres, 19, 20.
Goiigiraja, 123.
348
THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
Goiika or Gonkala, S'ilahara, Dynastic List,
304.
Goiika or Gohkidevarasa, inscription, 143.
Goiika I of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Goiika II of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Goiika III or Kulottuhga-Manma-Gohka-
raja, 165.
Dynastic List, 309.
Goniir, Marasimha victorious at, 94.
Gopadri, fort of, conquered by Vajradaman,
98.
Gopakattana, capital of JayakeSin I, 123.
Gopala defeats Karna of Chedi, 121, 135.
Gopala I, 75.
Dynastic List, 298.
Gopala II of Bengal, Dynastic List, 298.
Gopala of Kanauj, 179.
Gopala of Nalapura or Narwar, 197, 207.
Dynastic List, 298.
Gopaladeva of Budaun, 299.
Gopalavarman of Kashmir, 83,
Dynastic List, 294.
Goparaja inscription, 38.
Gopendraraja of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Gopesvara inscriptions, 159, 167.
Gosaladevi, wife of Jayasimha, 162.
Gouraians, conquest by Alexander the
Great, 7.
Govaka or Guvaka of Ajmir, Dynastic List,
277.
Govana I, Dynastic List, 298.
Govana II, Dynastic List, 298.
Govana III, 158.
Dynastic List, 298.
Govinda, king, defeated by Prodaraja, Prola,
152.
Govinda, mathematician, 166.
Govinda, poet, 148.
Govinda of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Govinda I, Rashtrakuta :
Dynastic List, 300.
Pulikesin repulses, 46.
Govinda II, Rashtrakuta :
Dynastic List, 300.
S'ri Vail abba sometimes identified
with, 69.
Govinda III, Rashtrakuta, 69, 71, 72.
Bharoch, kingdom conquered by, 32.
Dynastic List, 300.
Eastern Chalukyas, war with, 70, 88.
Govinda IV, Rashtrakuta, 86, 88.
Dynastic List, 300.
Govinda Tbakur, Dynastic List, 305.
Govindachandra of Kanauj, 137, 139, 158.
Dynastic List, 285.
Inscriptions, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142,
143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 154.
Vatsaraja, feudatory of, 147.
Govindapala of Bengal, 156.
Dynastic List, 298.
Govindaraja, Maurya chieftain, 127.
Govindaraja, Mkumbha of Khandesh,
Dynastic List, 298.
Govindaraja, Rashtrakuta, 60.
Govindaraja, Rashtrakuta of Gujarat, 66.
Dynastic List, 301.
Govindaraja, Yadava, Dynastic List, 310.
Govindaraja-Prabhutavarsha, Rashtrakuta
of Gujarat, 72.
Dynastic List, 301.
Govindarasa, ruler of the Banavasi district,
137, 140.
Govindpur inscription, 147.
Graharipu the Ahir, defeat by Khangura,
284.
Grahavarman, Maukhari, 43, 44, 45.
Dynastic List, 308.
Great Development Series, Buddhist books,
39.
Greek kingdom in India :
Alexander's conquests, 7-10.
Chandragupta destroys Greek power
in the Panjab, 10, 11.
Graeco-Baktrian kingdom, 12-16.
Kadphises destroys, 15, 18.
Gudikatti inscription, 107.
Guduphara, 19, 20.
Guhalla, Dynastic List, 291.
Guhasena, Valabhi, 36, 42.
Dynastic List, 308.
Guhidevapatra, 258.
Guhila family, 204. 287.
Guhila of Mevad, 204.
Dynastic List, 287.
Guhila Sarahgaji, inscription, 256.
Gujarat :
Akbar annexes, 316.
Alp Khan, revolt following on death
of, 214.
Anhilvad (see that title).
Arabs conquer, 59.
Bharoch kingdom, parts included, 32.
Chalukyas of, 48, 52, 58.
Dynastic Lists, 279.
Chapotkata or Chavada dynasty, 65.
Chibdia Brahmans, villages bestowed
on, 80.
Dynastic Lists, 279, 301, 316.
Farhatu-1-Mulk, revolt, 232.
Hushang of Malava, expedition,
242, 243.
Independence acknowledged by King
of Delhi, 269.
Mahmud KJialji, invasion, 257.
Malik Raja, invasion, 233.
Marasiniha invasion, 94.
INDEX.
349
Gujarat :
Gurjaras :
Mularaja conquers, 58.
Kakkala conquers, 96.
Qutbu-d-Din, invasions, 170.
KholeSvara attacks, 176.
Kfijendra-Chola conquers, 106.
Krishna II attacks, 79.
Kama's invasion, 176.
Kingdoms of, 32.
Kashtrakutas of, 32, 69, 81.
Mahadeva, Ugrasarvabhauma, wars
Dynastic Lists, 301.
against, 201.
Singhana's invasion, 176.
Prabhakaravardhana attacks, 43.
Subhatavarman's invasion, 162.
Pulikesin conquers, 46.
Taghi's revolt, 221, 222.
Sahkaravarman subdues, 80.
Tatar Khan assumes sovereignty,
Yasovarman subdues, 87.
238.
Guruchandra, author, 132.
Ulugh Khan's invasion, 209.
Gutta I, Dynastic List, 289.
Valabhi rule, 36.
Gutta II, Dynastic List, 289.
"Western Kshatrapas, dominions, in-
Gutta III, 202.
clusion in, 23.
Dynastic List, 289.
Gullu, Malik, Dynastic List, 285.
Guttas of Guttal :
Gunabhadra, author, 33, 77, 82.
Dynastic List, 289.
Gunachandra, author, 132.
Vichana humbles, 186.
Gunfikara, author, 186.
Gutti inscription, 130.
Gunakarasuri, author, 227, 234.
Guvaka of Ajmlr, Dynastic List, 277.
Gunamaharnava of Kalihga, Dynastic List,
Guvala, Kadamba feudatory, 135.
286.
Guvala I, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Gunamati, Buddhist scholiast, 49.
Guvala II, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Gunaprabha, 39, 49.
Gwaliar :
Gunaraja, Mahasamantadhipatis, 83.
Dynastic List, Tomara princes, 306.
Guniirnava II of Kalihga, Dynastic List, 286.
Gadhinagara, fort conquered by, 98.
(lunavarman, translator, visits Nanking, 32.
Hushang attacks, 247.
Gimavriddhi, translations by, 36.
Inscriptions, 77, 137.
Gunda :
Iqbal Khan subdues, 239.
Inscription from, 25.
Kamalu-1-Mulk attacks, 251.
Prodaraja, Prola, conquers, 152.
Khizr Khan attacks, 245.
Gundama I of Kalihga, Dynastic List, 286.
Mahmud Shah II, expedition, 233.
Gundoferos, probably identical with Gondo-
Maliku-s-SJiarq 'Iniadu-1-Mulk,
pbares, 20.
expedition, 251.
Maliku-s-Sharq Taju-1-Mulk,
Gundur inscriptions, 95, 96, 98.
Gupta or S'rigupta, 27.
expedition, 243.
Dynastic List, 288.
Mubarak Shah 11 subdues, 249.
Gupta (or Valabhi) era, epoch of, 27.
Mu'izzu-d-Dln, expedition, 170.
Gupta kingdom, 27.
Qutbu-d-Din I-bak, disturbance
Dynastic List, 288.
after death of, 183.
Extension, 30.
Shamsu-d-DIn Altamsh attacks, 183.
Mihirakula overthrows Gupta power
Ulugh Khan, expedition, 194.
Gyan Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
in Western and Central India, 38.
Valabhi princes originally feudatory
to, 36.
Guptas of Magadha, Dynastic List, 288.
Gur Khan defeats Ghiiris, 173.
H.
Gurjaradesa, destroyed by Arjunadeva, 162.
Gurjaras, 32.
Habib of Kashmir, Dynastic List, 315.
Habib ibn al Muhallab, governor of Sindh,
Arabs overrun, 64.
Bhillama attacks, 165.
' 61.
Dharasena IV seizes Bharoch, 36.
" Hablbu-s-siyar," 262.
Dhruva II subdues, 78.
Habshi kings, Dynastic List, 314.
Dynastic List, 289.
Haddala, grant from, 84.
Govinda III attacks, 69.
Haidar Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Jayabhata IV, latest known Gurjara
Haidar, Malik, Panjab raid, 220.
of Bharoch, 59.
Haidar Shah HajjiKhan of Kashmir, 315.
350
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Haidarabad grants, 46, 54.
Haihaya :
Established in Central India, 26.
Vinayaditya subdues, 57.
Haji, Malik, defeated by Mahnmd Khalji,
254.
Haji, Maula, revolt against 'Alau-d-Din,
210.
Haijaj, governor of 'Iraq, 59, 60, 61.
Hakim, governor of Bahrain, 50.
Hakim al Kalabi, governor of Sindh, 63, 64.
Hala, name given to descendants of
Rayadhan of Kachh, 290.
" Halasya-Mahatmya," Tamil version, 123.
Halayudha, 71, 100.
Halebid, capital of Hoysala dynasty, 122.
Hallakavadikeyasenga, subdued by Achugi,
143.
Halsi copper-plate, 166.
Hamawiyah, Mansur expedition, 84.
Hamid Khan, conspiracy against 'Alim
" Shah, 256.
Hamidu-d-Din Imam, death, 200.
Hamidu-d-Din Nagauri, death, 209.
Hamir, defeat by Navaghana, 284.
Hamir or Bhiraj, subdued by Qutbu-d-Din,
170.
Hamir of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Haraira of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Hamira of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Hamiradeva, Dynastic List, 284;
Hammira of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Hammira or Hamvira, 93.
" Hammirakavya," 264.
Hampa or Pampa, poet, 83, 90.
Hampe inscription, 269.
Handal Mirza, 271.
Hahgal :
Dynastic List, Kadambas, 292.
Makaravalli inscription, 229.
Vira-Ballaja besieges, 171.
Vishnuvardhana attacks, 135, 140.
Hannikeri inscription, 175.
Hansi :
Jat invasion repulsed, 168.
Mas'ud captures, 118.
Saifu-d-Din Kaji, rebellion, 185.
" Haracharitachintamani," 153, 171.
" Harakeli-Nataka," 154.
Haralahalla inscriptions, 163, 177, 182, 186.
Harapala of Devagiri :
Dynastic List, 310.
Revolt and death, 215.
Hararaj, Dynastic List, 291.
Harasimha of Kathehr, rebellion, 242, 243,
244.
Harasimha of Mithila, 214.
Harasimha of Nepal, 134.
Harauvatis, subject to Dareios Hystaspes, 5.
Haravarsha, Yuvaraja, 76.
" Haravijaya," 75.
Harchand of Thanesar, 61.
Hardat or Haradatta, Dor Raja of Baran,
111.
Hari Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Hari Naravana, 266, 305.
Hari of Trigarta, 307.
Dynastic List, 306.
Hari Vans Hit Ji, 267.
H aribhadrasuri , 218.
Haribrahmadeva, 238.
Harihar :
Inscriptions, 57, 180, 204, 225, 229.
Temple built by Polalva, 180.
Harihar Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Harihara I, 219, 223.
Dynastic List, 309.
Mallana-Udaiyar, a feudatory of, 231.
Harihara II,*229,'230, 240.
Dynastic List, 309.
Inscription, 232.
Sayanacharya, minister to, 223.
Hariharadevarasa, 163.
Harikesarideva, Kadamba, 124.
"Harilila," 201.
Haripala, S'ilahara, 151.
Dynastic List, 303.
Hariraja of Kakaredi, 186, 188.
Dynastic List, 292.
Hariraja of Kashmir, 114.
Dynastic List, 294.
Harischandra of Kumaun, 260.
Harischandra, Paramara of Malava, 148,
162, 171, 178.
Harischandra, Taka prince, 295.
Harishena, Dynastic lAst, 308.
Harishena, author, 273.
Harisimhadeva of Simraon, defeat by
Ghiyasu-d-Din Tughlaq, 216.
" Harivamsa Purana," 68, 71.
Harivarman, Maukhari, Dynastic List, 308.
Harivarman, Rashtrakiita, 85, 103.
Harivira-Pandya, 123.
Harsanda inscription, 178.
Harsha inscription, 97.
Harsha of Thanesar, 39, 43.
Harsha or Harshadeva, Chandella, 79, 82,
86.
Dynastic List, 281.
Harsha or Harshadeva of Kashmir, 133,
136.
Dynastic List, 294.
Harshadeva, Siyaka II of Malava, Dynastic
List, 300.
Harshagupta, Dynastic List, 288.
Harshagupta, wife of Adityavarman, 308.
INDEX.
351
Harshavardhana of Kanauj, 44.
Hinayana sect :
Harshavardhana of Thanesar, 45, 46, 48, 51.
Texts collected by Na-thi, 54.
Dynastic List, 306.
Valabhi convents, 36.
Harsing or Narsingh of Etawah, rebellion,
Hind :
232.
Beghu seizes parts of, 121.
Harun, governor of Khwarizm, rebellion,
Dharmadeva Fa-thien reduces force
117.
from, 97.
ITarunu-r-Rashid, 70, 71.
Sabuk-Tigin's expedition, 101.
Hasan Gangu, king of the Dekkan, 222,
Sukpal's revolt, 107.
' 223, 225.
Uktae's expedition, 185.
Dynastic List, 316.
Hindu Shahiya kings of Kabul, 303.
Hasan Shah of Kashmir, Dynastic List,
Hippalus, discoverer of South-West Mon-
" 315.
soon, 20.
Hasham ibn 'Amru Al-Taghlabi, governor
Hiranyavarman, 63.
of Sindh, 66.
Dynastic List, 299.
Hasham, Khalifah, 62.
Hirat :
Hasnak Shaikhu-1-Ivhatir, death, 116.
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar reduces, 53.
Hassan inscription, 229.
Abu Is-haq-i-Tahiri, deposition, 93.
Hasfimalla, identical with Prithivlpati II,
Amir Nuh and Sabuk-Tigin, ex-
82,
pedition, 101.
Hastin, 34, 40.
Ghuri invasion, 161.
Dynastic List, 300.
Kliwarizmi expedition, 173.
Hastivarman of Vengi, defeat by Samudra-
Muhammad, deposition, 88.
gupta, 28.
Qara-Tigln, deposition, 90.
Huthigumpha inscription, 14.
Saljuqi invasion, 118.
Hathkfmt, Raja of, defeat by Mubarak
ShabasI, deposition, 87.
Shah, 249.
Ya'qub ibn Lais subdues, 78.
Hire Bettada Chama, Raja, Dynastic List,
Hati, Malik, Dynastic List, 285.
Hatti-Mattur inscription, 85.
297.
Hayatu-llah Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Hire Chama Raja, Dynastic List, 297.
Hazamard, 67.
Hiriyadeva, Dynastic List, 289.
Hazar-Asp, Ghuris defeated at, 173.
Hisar Firuzah, fort, 225.
Hazara tribe :
Hiuen Tsang, Indian travels, 45, 49, 51,
Amir Zu'n-N un subdues, 263.
52, 56.
Gopalavarman killed on expedition
Ho-Ti, emperor of China, sends embassy to
against, 83.
India, 22.
Hobbal, inscription at, 91.
Hoei-ye, visits India, 51.
IlC'liokles, 15.
Holalaraja or Holalamarasa, 155.
Hemachandra, Jaina monk, 152.
Honvad inscription, 124.
Hooemo Kadphises, 19.
Commentaries on works of, 187, 208.
Earliest source of information on, 202.
Hooerkes, 22.
Hemadideva, 175.
Hottur, Rankapiir Taluka, inscription, 126.
' Dynastic List, 298.
Hoysala_ kingdom, 122.
Ilemadri, 201.
Achagi subdues, 143.
List of Yadavas, 310.
Ballala II, first Hoysala to assume
Hemahamsa, author, 259.
royalty, 160.
Hemalambin inscription, 209.
Chandugideva conquers, 164.
Hemambika, wife of Devaraya I, 241.
Delhi, final annexation to, 207.
JI< muutasena, Dynastic List, 303.
Dynastic List, 289.
Hemaraja, 228.
Saluva Tikkamadeva plunders, 204.
Hemmaragal inscription, 207.
Vichana humbles, 186.
Hemmeyanayaka, 178.
Vishnuvardhana seizes, 135.
Hephaiston, 9, 10.
Hridaya iSarayana or Dhirasimha, Dynastic
Herambapala, image of Vishnu belonging
List, 305.
to, 87.
Hridayachandra of Trigarta, 71.
Heraus, 18.
Bilhana marries daughter of, 295.
Hermaios, conquered by Kozulo Kadphises,
Hsiian chao :
15, 18.
Teachers of, 49, 56.
352
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Hsiian chao :
Travels of, 53.
Hsiian-tai, visits Central India, 54.
Hsiian Tsung, embassy to, 63.
Huai Ti, translator, 60.
Huan Ti, embassies to, 24.
Huchchimalli-gudi inscription, 59.
Hui-sang, travels of, 39.
Hulakii Khan, 198, 199, 200, 202.
Hulla or Hullamayya, 156.
Humayiin (Mughal) Sultan of Delhi, 274.
Dynastic List, 312.
Humayiin (Tughlaq Shah) of Delhi :
Abu Bakr defeats, 232.
Accession as Sikandar Shah I, 233.
Dynastic List, 312.
Hunas :
Gupta empire invaded by, 27.
Kakkala conquers, 96.
Karnadeva conquers, 121.
Prabhakaravardhana fights with, 43.
Rajjavardhana fights with, 43.
Senapati Bhataka fights with, 36.
Sindhuraja conquers, 102.
Skandagupta fights with, 33.
S'ri-Harshadeva conquers, 92.
Huns, White s
Little Kushanas expelled from
Gandhara by, 34.
Persian provinces conquered by, 34.
Varahran V defeats, 32.
Yazdijard defeats, 33, 34.
Husain of Ahmadnagar, Dynastic List, 317.
Husain, governor of Gujarat, dismissal, 226.
Husain, Al-Baihaqi, 130.
Husain 'Ali, governor of Hirat :
Rebellion against Nasr II, 84.
Husain Arghun, governor of Thatta, 272.
Husain ibn Sam, governor of Ghiir, 136.
Imprisonment by Sanjar, 137.
Husain-i-Khar-mil, Sialkot invested by, 165.
Husain Langah of Multan, 260, 261, 267.
Husain Langah II, 272, 273.
Husain Shah of Bengal, 266, 267, 314.
Husain Shah, House of, Dynastic List, 314.
Husain Shah Chakk of Kashmir, Dynastic
List, 315.
Husain Shah ibn Mahmud of Jaunpur, 259,
' 266, 267.
Dynastic List, 315.
Poem on, 258.
Husamu-d-Din 'Iwaz, 177, 178, 179, 180,
181, 182.
Dynastic List, 313.
Hushang (Alp Khan), Ghuri of Malava, 239.
Ahmad 1 of Gujarat, wars with, 242,
241, 246, 247.
Dynastic List, 315.
Hushang (Alp Khan), GJmri of Malava:
Mubarak Shah II, dispute with, 247,
252.
Muzaffar Shah II conquers, 240.
Nasir Khan's expedition against, 243.
Hushka or Huvishka, 21, 22.
Husukuru, inscription at, 78.
Hydaspes river, Alexander founds cities
near, 8.
Hydraotes river, Alexander at, 8.
Hyphasis, Alexander's conquests near, 8.
I-bak, expedition against Mugh_als, 200.
Ibn Muhalhal visits Bukhara and Chaul,
90.
Ibrahim of Ahmadnagar, Dynastic List,
317.
Ibrahim of Bidar, Dynastic List, 318.
Ibrahim I of Bijapur, Dynastic List, 318.
Ibrahim II of Bijapur, Dynastic List, 318.
Ibrahim II of Delhi, 271.
Dynastic List, 312.
Ibrahim of Ghazni, 131, 135.
Dynastic List, 311.
Ibrahim of Golkonda, Dynastic List, 318.
Ibrahim of Hirat, 90, 104.
Ibrahim of Kashmir, Dynastic List, 315.
Ibrahim Shah Sharqi: see title Shamsu-d-
Din Ibrahim Shah Sharqi.
Idar:
Ahmad I, invasion, 248, 249.
Grants from, 70, 76, 85.
Mahmud Baiqarah, invasion, 266.
Muhammad Karim subdues, 256
Muzaffar Shah, invasion, 236, 270.
Baja Mai, invasion, 271.
Zafar Khan subdues, 233.
Idhus, subject to Dareios Hystaspes, 5.
Idiyama or Adiyama, conquered by Gahga-
raja, 141.
Idris Khan, 241, 242.
Ikhtiyar Khan, 241, 244.
Ikhtiyara, vice-regent of Delhi, murdered
by Bahram Shah, 187.
Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Aet-kin, honours conferred
on, 193.
Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Altuniah :
Death, 187.
Rebellion against Baziyyat, 186, 187.
Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Daulat Shah-i-Balka, re-
bellion, 182, 183.
Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Qara-Qash, governor of
Lahor, 187.
Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Qara-Qash Khan-i-Act-
kin, governor of Biyana, 189, 191.
IXDEX.
353
Ikhti vara -d- Din Ghazi Shah of Bengal,
223, 224.
Dynastic List, 313.
Ikhtiyaru-d-Din Yuz-Bak-i-Tughril Khan,
188, 191, 196.
Dynastic List, 313.
Ikhtiyaru - d - Din - i - Kurez, governor of
Multiin, 193.
I-lak Khan, 107, 109.
Daughter of, marries Mas'iid, 110.
Ilao copper-plate, 35.
llvas, governor of Hirat, 73.
Ilyas Shiihi Dynasty:
List, 3i3.
Restoration, 254.
'Imad Shahis of Berar, Dynastic Lists, 317.
'Imadu-d-Din-i-Rayhan, 195.
Conspiracy against Ulugh Khan,
169, 195.
Expulsion and death, 196, 197.
'Iraadu-1-Mulk Khasah Khel, Hushang
retreats hefore, 242.
'Imiidu-1-Mulk Tabriz!, Dekkan expedition,
221.
'Imadu-1-Mulk or Mahmud Hasan : see title
Mahmud Hasan.
Imam Mahdi, 268.
Immadi, Raja of Maisur, Dynastic List,
297!
Immadi - Narasimharaya Maharayar of
Vijayanagara, 262.
Immadi- or Irmadi-Nolambadhiraja, 98.
" Indika," authors of:
Arrian, 24.
Ktesias, 7.
Megasthencs, 11.
Inrlor copper-plate, 34.
Indra I, Rashtrakuta, Dvnastic List, 300.
Indra II, Rashtrakuta, Dynastic List, 300.
Indra III, Rashtrakuta, 80, 85, 86.
Dynastic List, 300.
Indra IV, or Indraraja, Ratta-Kandarpa,
97, 100.
Dynastic List, 300.
Indra or Indraraja, founder of second branch
of Rashtrakiitas of Gujarat, 32, 69, 72.
Dynastic List, 301.
Indra -Bhattaraka or Indraraja, Chalukya,
55.
Dynastic List, 279.
Indrabala, 70.
lndradeva, copper-plate of, 172.
Indradyumna of Bengal, Dynastic List, 299.
Indrakesidevarasa, 161.
Indraraja of Kauauj, conquered by Dharma-
pala, 75.
Indraraja, Xikumbha, 154, 158.
Dynastic List, 298.
Indraraja S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Indravarman of Kalinganagara, 55.
Grant and copper-plate, 47, 131.
Indrayansa dynasty, Rajas of Assam, List,
275.
Indrayudha, 68.
Induraja, poet, 96.
Indus, river :
Alexander the Great at, 7, 8, 9.
Dareios Hystaspes, expedition, 5.
Intercalary month in year 4177, 136.
Iqbal Khan :
Campaigns, 235, 237, 238, 239.
Death, 239.
'Iraq :
Karmatian heretics, downfall, 101.
Mahmud conquers, 115.
Ya'qub-i-Lais. invades, 80.
Iriv'a-Nolambadhiraja or Ghateya-Anka-
"kara, Pallava, 108.
Irivabedangadeva, 111.
Irivabedanga-Marasimha, Nadgamundu of
Puligere district, 119.
Irivabedanga'-SatyaSraya, 108.
Iruga, or Irugapa, 230.
Isanavarman, 41.
Dynastic List, 308.
Isata, wife of Nagabhata, 310.
Isdigird, defeats White Huns, 33, 34.
Isfahan, drought, famine, and plague in,
116.
Is-haq of Ghazni, 94, 95.
Dynastic List, 311.
Is-haq Maulana, death of, 258.
"Ishqia," 196.
Islam Khan, 232.
Islam Khan, 249.
Islam Shah of Delhi, Dynastic List, 312.
Isma'il of Ahmadnagar, Dynastic List, 317.
Isma'Il of Bijapur, Dynastic List, 318.
Isma'il of Bukhara, 79, 81, 84.
Isma'il of Ghazni, 102, 103.
Dynastic List, 311.
Isma'il of 'Iraq, embassy to Muzaffar II,
270.
Isma'il of Kashmir, Dynastic List, 315.
Isma'il of Khwarizm, ousted by Shah Malik,
117.
Isma'il Khan Afghan, assumes title of
Xasiru-d-Din, 221.
Isra-il-i-Beghu, 114, 117.
Tsvara, Dynastic List, 309.
Isvara, Sinda, districts governed by, 157.
Kvara temple inscription, Tellur, 247.
ISvaradatta, founder of Traikutaka era, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Isvaravarman, 41.
Dynastic List, 308.
23
354
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
I-tsing :
Teachers of, 49.
Travels and translations, 56.
'Izzu-d-Din 'AH-i-Mardan, Panjab expedi-
tion, 175.
'Izzu-d-Din A'zamu-1-Mulk, governor of
Satgaon, 216.
Dynastic List, 313.
'Izzu-d-Dln Balban-i-Kashlii Khan:
Allegiance to Hulaku Khan, 198.
Death, 200, 201.
Delhi attacked by, 198.
Imprisonment, 194.
Multan expedition, 193, 199.
Provinces governed by, 188, 194, 197.
Qarlugh invasion, 193.
Rebellion against Bahrain Shah, 188.
Rebellion against Mahmiid Shah, 1 94.
'Izzu-d-Dln Balban-i-Yuz-baki of Bengal :
Dynastic List, 313.
Lakhnauti governed by, 199.
'Izzu-d-Din Hasan of Ghixr, Dynastic List,
311.
'Izzu-d-Din Jani, governor of Bihar, 180.
'Izzu-d-Din Kabir Khan-i-Ayaz, rebellion,
185.
'Izzu-d-Din Muhammad Shiran of Bengal:
Dynastic List, 313.
Lakhnauti governed by, 175.
'Izzu-d-Din Salari, rebellion, 185.
'Izzu-d-Din Tughril-i-Tughan Khan,
governor of Budauu, 184.
'Izzu-1-Muluk 'Alau-d-Din Jani of Bengal,
Dynastic List, 313.
Jabalpur copper-plates, 121, 143.
Jadeja or Jhadeja of Kachh,. Dynastic List,
290.
Jadejas, name derived from Jam Jada, 223.
Jagachandra, founder of the Lapagachchha
sect, 182.
Teacher of Devendrasiiri, 191.
" Jagachchandrika," 95.
Jagadala - Bhattamadeva, governor of
Kuntala country, 172.
Jagadala-Purushottama, ruler of Toragale
district, 180.
Jagaddeva, Santara of Patti-Pombuchcha-
pura, 133, 137, 140, 152.
Jagadekabhushana-Maharaja, 177.
Jagadekamalla II, Western Chalukya, 147,
151.
Dynastic List, 279.
Feudatories under, 137, 146, 148,
149, 150, 151.
Jagadekamalla-Permadi : see title Permadi,
Sinda of Yelburga.
Jagajjyotirmalla or Jayajyotirmalla, 262.
Jagat, captured by Mahmiid Baiqarah, 262.
Jagat Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Jagatsiriiha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
" Jagatsundariyogamala," 273.
Jagattunga, 80, 85.
Jaghar Beg, quarters at Merv, 117.
Jahan Shah, Timur's invasion, 237.
Jahan-numa, palace, Timur's raid on, 236.
Jahlana, 192.
Jaikadeva of Saurashtra, 64.
Jaina Sect :
Agamika or Tristutika sect, founda-
_ tion, 169.
Asadhara's works, 185.
Bhadrabahu, death of, 7.
Bijamata sect, rise of, 270.
Branches formed, 137-
Canon or Siddhanta, revision, 33.
Digambara sect, rise of, 22.
Founder's death, 4.
Katuka sect, rise of, 269.
Kharatara sect, rise of, 95.
Lumpaka sect, 258, 263, 270.
Pasachandra sect, 270.
Tapagachchha, foundation of, 182.
Temples, 116, 247.
Veshadhara sect, rise of, 263.
Written scriptures, introduction, 23.
" Jainatarahgini," 257.
" Jainendram," 57.
Jaipal, king of Kabul and Labor, 99, 101,
105.
Dynastic List, 303.
Jaipal If, name erroneously given to Trilo-
chanapala, 110.
Jaisalji, Dynastic List, 290.
Jaitrapala or Jaitugi : see title Jaitugi I of
Devagiri.
Jaitrasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Jaitrasimha or Jaitugi : see title Jaitugi I of
Devagiri.
Jaitsi, Dynastic List, 290.
Jaitsi, Dynastic List, 291.
Jaitugi I of Devagiri, 167, 176.
Ballala II defeats, 160, 165.
Dynastic List, 310.
Feudatories under, 168, 171, 175.
Lakshmidhara, chief pandit to, 167.
Sodhala, chief secretary to, 176.
Jaitugi II of Devagiri, 191.
Dynastic List, 310.
Jaitugideva, 185.
Jajalladeva, defeated by Sihghana, 176.
Jajalladeva I of Ratnapura, 139.
Dynastic List, 293.
INDEX.
355
Jajalladeva II of Ratnapura, 158, 163.
Dynastic List, 293.
Jajja inscription, 151.
Jainagar, Raja of, attacks Bengal, 189, 190.
Jakabbe or Jakaladevi, wife of Tailapa, 97.
Jakkaladevi, wife of Vikramaditya VI, 134.
Jalal Khan, 248, 251, 268.
Dynastic List, 285.
Jalalpur, Alexander the Great at, 8.
Jalalu-d-Din Ahsan Shah of Ma'bar, 218.
Dvnastic List, 317.
Jalalu-d-Din Fath Shah of Bengal, 263.
Death, 264.
Dynastic List, 314.
Jalalu-d-Din Firuz Shah II of Delhi :
Accession, 207.
Campaigns, 208.
Death, 209.
Dynastic List, 312.
Kai-Qubad, murder of, 206.
Kanauj governed by, 189.
Jalalu-d-Din Hamzah of Khurasan, author,
261.
Jalalu-d-Din Kasani, 193, 194.
Jalalu-d-Din Mang-barni, Khwarizmi,
attacked by Mughals, 179, 180.
Jalalu-d-Din Mas'ud Shah: see title
Qutlugh Khan Mas'ud-i-Jani.
Jalalu-d-Din Muhammad Shah of Bengal,
243.
Dynastic List, 243.
Jalalu-d-Din Tughlaq Shah of Khwarizm,
131.
Jalandhara :
Dynastic List, Rajas of, 307.
Jasrat's expedition, 245.
Malik Sikandar Tuhfah, defeat near,
250.
Mughal defeat, 209.
Jalhana, poet, 148.
Jalhansi, Dynastic List, 297.
Jalesar, subdued by Maliku-s-Sharq, 243.
Jalhar, Raja of, subdued by Iqbal Khan,
239.
Jallu, rebellion, 247.
Jam, subdued by Ya'qub ibn Lais, 78.
Jam 'Ali Sher of Sindh, Dynastic List,
302.
Jam Babiniya of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Firuz of Sindh, 272.
Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Hamirji, Dynastic List, 290.
Jam Jada of Thatta, 223.
Jam J una, of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Karan of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Khairu-d-Din, revolt against Mu-
hammad ibn Tughlaq, 224.
Jam Muda, Dynastic List, 290.
Jam Xizamu-d-Din or Xanda of Sindh,
260, 268.
Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Raval Hala, 290.
Jam Rayadhan of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Salahu-d-Din of Sindh, Dynastic Lis>t,
302.
Jam Safijar of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Sikandar of Sindh, Dynastic List, 3"2.
Jam Tamachi of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Tughlaq of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Jam Unad, 223.
Jam Unar of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Jamalu-d-Din, Bustami, 198, 200.
Jamalu-d-Din, Shaburghani, death of, 192.
Jamalu-d-Din 'All, embassy to Xasiru-d-
Din Muhammad, 200.
' • Jambudvipasahgrahani, ' ' 218.
Jambukesvara inscriptions, 194, 202, 264.
James, martyrdom at Thana, 216.
Jamhur, last Amir of Sindh, 64.
Jani'i Masjid, Ahmadabad, 247.
Jam'i Masjid, Delhi, 171.
Jam'i Masjid, Kanauj, 240.
" Jami'u-t-Tawarikh," 213.
Jammii, captured by Timur, 237.
Jamna river, canal from cut by Firuz
Shah III, 225.
Jamnagar, founded by Jam Raval Hala, 290.
Jamshid of Golkonda, Dynastic List, 318.
Jamshid of Kashmir, Dynastic List, 315.
Janaka, 179.
Janakaraja, grammarian, 148.
Janamejaya Maha-Bhavagupta I, 305.
Jananathanagari, capital city of Yira-
Chodadeva, 131.
Janardana, 192.
Janasraya Pulike^in, Chalukya of Gujarat,
Dynastic List, 279.
Janasraya PulikeSivallabha, 64.
Jaiijavur temple inscription, 25S.
Japan, Buddhism introduced into, 41.
Jarus, Mas'iid's invasion, 111.
Jasrat Khan :
Campaigns, 236, 245, 246, 249, 250,
251, 253, 255.
Dynastic List, 285.
Jatiga I, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Jatiga II, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Jatinga-Ramesvara hill, inscription from,
126.
Jats :
Amran's expedition against, 75.
Mahmud'8 expedition, 114.
Qutbu-d-Din defeats, 165.
Timur defeats, 236.
Jaunpur :
Dynastic List (Sharqi dynasty), 315.
356
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Jaunpur :
JayakTrti, 229.
Inscription, 158.
Jayambika, wife of Gorika III, 165.
Iqbal Khan, expedition, 238.
Jayanandivarman, Dynastic List, 276.
Muzafl'ar Shah's expedition, 240.
Jayana tha, 31.
Raja Khan's war, 240.
Dynastic List, 307.
Sikandar II conquers, 266.
Jayankondan, author, 139.
Java, Fa-hien's travels, 29.
Jayanta, commentator, 208.
Javansimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Jayantasimha :
" Jawahira-1-Asrar," 251.
Bhimadeva's throne temporarily
Jawsjanan territory annexed by Mahmud,
usurped by, 162.
109.
Copper-plate, 180.
Jaya of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
" Jayanta vijayakavya," 180.
Jay a or Jayana, temple built by, 183.
Jayapala of Lahor, 93.
Jayabbe, wife of Nolambadh.ira.ja, 81.
Jayapida of Kashmir, 68, 70.
Jayabhata I, 35.
Dynastic List, 294.
Dynastic List, 289.
Jayappa Nayak Mukhna, 220.
Jayabhata II, 48.
Jayaraja of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Dynastic List, 289.
Jayaratha, 153, 171.
Jayabhata III, Dynastic List, 289.
Jayarayamalla of Nepal, 262.
Jayabhata IV, 59.
Jayarjunamalla of Nepal, 228.
Dynastic List, 289.
Jayasekhara of Panchasar, 58, 65.
Nausari grant, 48.
Jayasekharasuri, author, 229.
Jayachandra of Kanauj, 158.
Jayasena, Chandragomin, 49.
Defeat and death, 169, 170.
Jayasimha, author, 227.
Dynastic List, 285.
Jayasimha (Chalukya), 126, 128, 130, 131.
Inscriptions, 159, 162, 163, 165.
Jayasimha (Chalukya) of Badami, Dynastic
S'riharsha nourishes under, 153.
List, 278.
Jayachandra of Trigarta, 71.
Jayasimha of Chedi, 163.
Jayachandra or Jayasundara, 261.
Jayasimha of Gujarat, 46, 52.
Jayachandrasiiri, author, 257.
Jayasimha of Kashmir, 144, 145.
Jayadaman, 23, 24.
Bhoja's rebellion, 149, 150.
Dynastic List, 296.
Dynastic List, 294.
Jayadeva, author, 136.
Lothana crowned in opposition to,
Jayadeva I, Dynastic List, 296.
145, 149.
Jayadeva II, 66.
Mallarjuna defeated by, 146, 147.
Dynastic List, 306.
Sujji and his adherents murdered by
Jayadeva, ruler of Kantipur and Lalita-
order of, 146.
pattana, 206.
Jayasiriiha (Paramara) of Malava, 124.
" Jayadhavalatika," 75.
Dynastic List, 300.
Jayadhvajasimha, Dynastic List, 276.
Jayasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Jayaditya, Buddhist scholar, 49.
Jayasimha of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Jayadratha, author, 171.
Jayasimha I, Eastern Chalukya, 50, 55.
Jayadratha, Mahamahesvaracharya, Raja-
Dynastic List, 279.
naka, poet, 153.
Jayasiriiha II, Eastern Chalukya, 58, 60.
Jayajyotirmalla or Jagajjyotirmalla, 262.
Jayasiriiha II, Western Chalukya of
Jayajyotirmalla or Jyotirmalla of Nepal,
Kalyana, 111, 119.
242, 249.
Akkadevi, sister of, 112.
Jayakarna, 136.
Dynastic List, 279.
Jayakesin, Nadgamundu of Puligere district,
Feudatories under, 107, 113, 114,
119.
116, 117, 118, 120.
Jayakesin I, Kadamba of Goa, 123, 127, 133.
Rajendra-Chola's expedition, 106.
Daughter marries Kama I, 125.
Jayasiriiha III, Bhoja fights with, 109.
Dynastic List, 291.
Jayasiriiha Dharasraya, 52, 56, 63.
Jayakesin II, Kadamba of Goa, 140, 142,
Jayasiriiha Siddharaja, Chaulukya of
144, 150.
Anhilvad, 134, 149.
Dynastic List, 292.
Dynastic List, 282.
Jayakesin III, Kadamba of Goa, 166.
Khangara II slain by, 284.
Dynrfetic List, 292.
Poets flourishing under, 134, 136, 152.
INDEX.
357
Jayasimhadeva, Chudasama I, Dynastic
List, 284.
Jayasimhadeva II, Chudasama, Dvnastic
List. 284.
Jayasimhadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi, 161,
162, 170.
DyDastic List, 293.
Jayasimhadeva, ruler of Dhara, 198.
Jayasimhadeva, ruler of Udayapura, 212.
Jayasimharaja, Chalukya of Gujarat,
Dynastic List, 279.
Jayilsraya, Nagavardhana. Chalukya of
Gujarat, Dynastic List, 279.
Jayastithemalla, 230, 242.
Jayasvamin, 31.
Dynastic List, 307.
Jayasvamiui, wife of Harivarman, 308.
Jayasvumini, wife of Kumaradeva, 31, 307.
Jayatirtha, pontiff of Madhava sect, 203.
Jayatungasimha, 161.
Jayavallabha's Anthology, translation, 218.
Jayavarmadeva or Jayavarman, Chandella, 1.
Dynastic List, 2S2.
Inscription, 140.
Jayavarmadeva or Klrtivarman II : see title
Klrtivarman II, Chandella.
Javavarman, Kadamba of Hangal, Dynastic
List, 292.
Jayavarman II, Kadamba of Hangal :
Dynastic List, 292.
S'antivarman, son of, 129.
Jayavarman Paramara of Malava, 147, 177.
Dynastic List, S00.
Jaytsiji of Bikanir, 273.
Dynastic List, 277.
Jazari, abolition by Firuz Shah III, 228.
Jendraraja of Nadole, Dynastic List, 278.
Jesalmir Maharawals, Dynastic List, 290.
Jesalmir temple, " Kharatarapattavali," in,
256.
J; swant, Dynastic List, 291.
Jeswantsimha I of Marvad, Dynastic List, 297.
Jeswantsimha II of Marvad, Dynastic List,
297.
Jethvas, Bhumli or Ghumli, ancient capital,
64, 214.
Jewish settlements, 21, 68.
Jhafigha, 104.
Dynastic List, 303.
Jliarand, captured by Zafar Khan, 234.
Jhusi copper-plate of Triloclianapaladeva,
114.a
Jih-cheng, Indian S'ramana, 106.
Jihonisa or Zeionises, 19, 20.
Jiman, Malik, honours bestowed on, 253.
Jiuabhadraniuni, 151.
Jinachandra, author of the "Sarhvegaranga-
6ala," 128.
Jinachandra of the Kharatara Gachcha,
148, 154.
Jinachandra, Mahebhya, sons of, conversion,
191.
Jinachandra, pupil of Jinaprabodha, 203.
Jinachandragani or Devaguptasuri, author,
110.
Jinadatta, author, 179.
Jinadattacharya, founder of Kharatara sect,
95.
Jinadattasiiri, author, 130.
Jinadattasuri, author, 175, 182.
JinakTrti, author, 254.
Jinakusala, author, 205.
Jinamandanasuri, 253.
Jinapati, author, 154.
Jinaprabha, 53.
Jinaprabha, author, 220.
Jinaprabhasuri, commentator, 208.
Jinaprabodha, 182, 203.
Jinaraja, author, 257.
Jinaraja, high priest, 239.
Jinasekharasuri, 151, 180.
Jinasena, 68, 71, 72, 77.
Jinasirhhasuri, 208.
Jinavallabha, 138, 140, 151.
Commentary on work by, 203.
Jinavallabhaprasasti, 138.
Jinavardhanasuri, high priest, 239.
" Jinayajfiakalpa," 185.
Jinduka, Mimamsaka, 148.
' ' Jinendracharitram , " 187.
Jinesvara, founder of Kharatara sect, 95.
Jinesvara, Jain a pontiff, 113.
Jinapati's commentary on, 154.
Jinesvara or Jinesvarasuri, 166.
Dharmalilaka, a pupil of, 203.
Jinesvarasuri, 126.
Jishnugupta of Western Xepal, 54.
Dynastic List, 306.
Jit Singh, revolt, 232.
Jitaukusa of Kaliuga, Dynastic List, 286.
Jitpur founded by J?afar Khan, 232.
Jiii, SJiaikh, 273.
Jivadaman, 25.
Dynastic List, 296.
Jivitagupta :
Dynastic List, 288.
Inscription, 36.
Jivitagupta I, Dynastic List, 288.
Jnanachandra, 49, 56.
Jfianachandra, 227.
Jfianagupta, translator, 42.
Jiianasauara, 220, 223, 248.
Jfianayasas, translator, 42.
Jnanesvara, poet, 204.
Jodhpur, Bikanir Eaj, Dynastic List, 277.
Jodhpur, Raos of, Dynastic List, 297.
358
THE CHRONOLOGY OE INDIA.
Jogadeva, feudatory of Sihghana, 180.
Jogama, Dynastic List, 293.
Jojjalla of JSadole, Dynastic List, 278.
Joina, Jomma, or Joyideva 1, 163, 289.
Jurawarsimha, Dynastic List, 277.
Jordanus, Friar, Roman Catholic Bishop of
Columhum, 217.
Jorhat, built by Rudrasimha, 276.
Jovideva or Joyideva II, 186, 289.
Jovo Atisa, 119.
Joyideva I, 163.
Dynastic List, 289.
Joyideva II, 186.
Dynastic List, 289.
Jovideva III, Dynastic List, 289.
Jud Hills :
Ghiyasu-d-Din Balban, expedition,
191.
Jalalu - d - Din Mang - barni, ex-
pedition, 179.
Jud, plain of, defeat of Aram Shah by
Altamsh, 176.
Julian, emperor, embassy to, 28.
Junabad, occupied by Mu'izzu-d-Din, 172.
Junagadh (or Girnar) :
Ahmad I, expedition, 243.
Dvnastic List, Chudasama princes,
"283.
Inscriptions, 24, 33, 257, 284,
Mahmud Baiqarah besieges, 261.
Muhammad ibn Tugbjaq besieges,
222.
Junaid ibn 'Abdu - r - Rahman al Marri,
governor of Indian frontier, 62.
Junan Shah, 227, 231.
Jurjistan :
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar reduces, 53.
Arsalan Khan reduces, 109.
Justinian, emperor, embassy to, 40.
Juzdez, fortress of, Khalaf confined in, 107.
Juzjanan, fortress of, Isnia'Il confined in,
log.
Jyotirmalla or Jayajyotirmalla of Nepal,
242, 249.
Kabir, Malik, death, 223.
Kabir, poet, 265.
Kabir Khan-i-Ayaz, rebellion, 186, 188.
Kabiru-d-Din, death of, 200.
Kabul :
'Abdu-l-'Aziz, defeats king of, 58.
'Abdu-llah, invasion, 59.
'Abdu-r-Rahman, invasion, 54, 56,
59.
Coins found in, 13, 14, 15.
Kabul :
Dynastic List, Hindu Shahiva kings,
303.
Ya'qiib ibn Lais, invasion, 78.
Kabul, Malik, defeats Mughals, 225.
Kabul Shah, 106.
Dynastic List, 285.
Kacha, 28.
Dynastic List, 288.
Kachchapaghata princes, Dynastic List, 291.
Kachh :
Arab conquest, 59, 64.
Dynastic List, Jadeja, princes of, 290.
Mahmud Baiqarah, invasion, 26l.
"Western Kshatrapa dominions, in-
clusion in, 23.
Kad Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Kadab, Maisur, copper-plate, 72.
Kadamba king established by Saluva Tikki-
madeva, 204.
" Kadambari," 44.
" Kadambarikatliasara," 76.
Kadambas of Banavasi :
Kirtivarman I subdues, 42.
Pulikesin II subdues, 46.
Relationship to Early Kadambas
unknown, 127.
Kadambas of Goa :
Anantadeva expels, from Northern
Konkan, 134.
Belgaum, district round seized by
Rattas of Saundatti, 166.
Dynastic List, 291.
Vichana subdues, 186.
Kadambas of Hangal, Dynastic List, 292.
KadarKhanof Lakhnauti, Dynastic List, 313.
Kadarani conquered by Rajendra-Chola,
106.
Kadaroli, inscription from, 135.
Kaddu of Mevad, rebellion, 247, 248.
Kadphises, destroys Greek kingdom in
. India, 15.
Kafur, Malik, 210, 212, 213, 214.
Hoysala dominion overthrown by,
122.'
Kahaum inscription, 34.
Kahror, defeat of Mihirakula at, 38.
Kai-kaiis, 211.
Kai-Khusru, 206.
Kai-Qubad, 206.
Dynastic List, 290.
Kailasa :
Image of Vishnu from, 87.
Temple to S'iva, 67.
Kaira copper-plates, 48, 52.
Kakan, captured by Shah Beg, 270.
Kakaredi, Maharanakas of, Dynastic List,
292. '
INDEX.
359
Kakas, empire of Samudragupta, 28.
Kakatiya, ally of Vij jala, L52,
Kakatiyas of Orangal, Dynastic List, 292.
Kakavarna, Dynastic List, 293.
Kakka II, 94, 97.
Kakkala, Karka II, Amoghavarsha IV, 96.
Dynastic List, 300.
Kakkaraja I, 66.
Dynastic List, 301.
Kakkaraja II, 66.
Dynastic List, 301.
Kala, king of, subdued by Vishnuvardhana,
140.
Kalabhoja of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Kalabhras, subdued by Vikramaditya, 63.
Kalachakra system, rise of, 95.
Kalachuri era, foundation, 26.
Kalachuris :
Dynastic Lists, 293.
Eise to power, 145.
Singhana last of line, 164.
" Kalakalapa/' 187.
Kfilakampa, 85.
Kalaledevi, wife of Narasimha II, 180.
Kalambhras subdued by Vinayaditya, 57.
" Kalanirnayadlpika," 257.
Kalafljara :
Isma'il imprisoned in fort of, 103.
Mabmud attacks, 112.
Nusratu-d- Din invades, 184.
Qutbu-d-Dln captures, 168.
Yasovarman conquers, 87.
Kalanos, suicide of, 10.
Kalas, Bankapur Taluka, 8B.
Kalas-Budrukh, copper-plate, 113.
Kalasa or Kalasadeva, 125, 128, 132, 133.
Dynastic List, 294.
"Kalavitasa," 118.
Kulayasas, visits Cbina, works at translations,
31.
Kalhana, " Eajatarangini" completed by,
151."
Dynastic List from, 293.
Kalhana Kiragrama, Dynastic List, 295.
Kalholi inscriptions, 171, 173.
Kali Kalyan Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Kali-Yitta, governor of Banavasi, 91.
Kalidasa, poet, 47.
KaligalankuSa of Kalinga, Dynastic List,
286.
11 Kalila Damna," 141.
Kalim-Allab Sbah of Kulbarga, 273.
Dynastic List, 317.
Kalinga :
Asoka conquers, 11.
Dantidurga subdues, 66.
Dynastic List. Later Gangas of, 286.
Ganapati defeats king of, 183.
Kalinga :
Karnadeva subdues, 121.
Karunakara's conquest, poem on,
139.
Kirtivarman subdues, 42.
Krishna II subdues, 79.
Kulottunga Choladeva conquers, 128.
Pulikesin subdues, 46.
Kajaraja conquers, 100.
Kalingaraja, Dynastic List, 293.
" Kalingattu Parani," 139.
Kalinjar: see title Kalafljara.
Kaliyammarasa, 121, 129, 132, 158.
Kaliyuga era, dating of, 4, 37.
Kaliyur, Maisur inscription, 107.
Kallamatha inscription, 59.
Kallar of Kabul, Dynastic List, 303.
Kallar or Saraanta, 80.
Kalpi :
Ibrahim Shah Sharqi, expedition, 242.
Mabmud Khan, expedition, 255.
Kalyan Chand, Dynastio List, 281.
Kalyana :
Bhillama captures, 165.
Chalukyas of, 278, 279.
Dynastic List, 279, 293.
Foundation by Somesvara I, 120.
Kalachuris of, Dynastic List, 293.
Kalyana, poet, 148.
Kalyanachandra copper -plates, 254.
Kalyanadevi, wife of Viravarman, 201.
Kalyanamalla of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
306.'
Kalyanasimha, Dynastic List, 277.
Kalyanavarman, astronomer, 42.
Kama, Chalukya of Pithapuram, Dynastic
List, 280.
Kama, daughter of, marries Amma II, 90.
Karaachandra, Dynastic List, 291. '
Karnadeva, Chalukya, 201.
Dynastic List, 292.
Karnadeva Kadamba opposes Vira-Ballala,
171.
Karnadeva or Kavadeva, Tailamana-Anka-
kara, 163.
Kamadevasimha, 161.
Kamakshi temple inscription, 229.
Kamal Khan, 249.
Dynastic List, 285.
Kamala of Tummana, Dynastic List, 293.
Kamaladevi, wife of Permadi, 150.
Kamalapala, 147.
Kamaleivarasimha or Kinnaram, Dynastic
List, 276.
Kamalu of Kabul, 83.
Dynastic List, 303.
.Kamalu -d-Daulah Sblrzad of Ghazni, 139.
Dynastic List, 311.
360
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Kamalu-d-Din, 245, 252, 253.
Kamalu-d-Din Garg, Gujarat expedition,
214.
Kamalu-1-Mulk, 251, 252.
Kamaluka, 83.
Kamarnava I, Dynastic List, 286.
Kamarnava II, Dynastic List, 286.
Kamarnava III, Dynastic List, 2-<6.
Kamarnava IV, Dynastic List, 286.
Kamarnava V, 119.
Kamaru-d-Dln Khan-i-Qiran of Oudh, 185.
Kamarupa :
Samudragupta's empire, 28.
Vikramaditya invades, 120.
" Kamasamuha," 259.
Kamathada-Mallisetti, 173.
Kamauli plates:
Govindachandra 140, 141, 142, 146,
148, 149, 154.
Jayachchandra, 159, 160, 161.
Vatsaraja, 147.
Vijayachandra, 158.
Kambana-udaiyar, 227, 228.
Kambhu, battle of, 232'.
Kammara, 101.
Kampa or Kampana, 219, 225.
Kamsa Na.ra.yana or Lakshmlnatha, 305.
K anakaprabhasiiri, 202.
Kanarese Mauryas, Chandadanda's expedi-
tion against, 46.
Kanaswa, inscription from, 64.
Kanauj or Mabodaya, 67.
Brahmans, settlement in Bengal, 81.
Dharmapala conquers, 75.
Dynastic Lists, 285, 296.
Fa-hien visits, 29.
Ibrahim Shah Sharqi besieges, 240.
Iqbal Khan besieges, 239.
Jami' Masjid, building of, 240.
Lalitaditya conquers, 63.
Mabmud captures, 111.
Muhammad ibn Qasim, expedition,
60.
Musalman conquest of, 170.
Nanria attacks, 1J2.
Rathors of, 135, 285.
Vajradaman defeats ruler of, 98.
Kanauj, Malik, imprisonment, 252.
Kaflchhuka, wife of Harsbadeva, 82.
Kanchi :
Dantidurga subdues king of, 66.
Inscription, 193.
Muppidi conquers, 215.
Parakesarivarman placed on tbrone
by Vikramaditya, 127.
Vikramaditya I seizes, 54.
Vikramaditya II conquers, 63.
Vishnuvardhana attacks, 140.
Kanchipuram :
Inscriptions, 227, 229.
Pulikesin besieges, 46.
Kanda, Dynastic List, 295.
Kanda - Gopala Madhurantaka - Pottappi,
Cbola, 193, 194.
Dynastic List, 283.
Kandabel, Arabs expelled from, 67.
Kandali, Mubammad Khan attacks, 231.
Kanda vara, inscription from, 98.
Kangra :
Jasrat defeated at, 249.
Mabmud despoils, 108.
Bajas of, 307.
Kanba, Raja of Jbalawar, 249.
Kanbal, 297.
Kanberi inscriptions, 25, 73, 76, 77, 79.
Kanishka, 21.
Kannakaira I, 120, 122.
Dynastic List, 301.
Kannakaira II, 132.
Dynastic List, 301.
Kannanur, inscription at, 204.
Kannaradeva, inscription, 298.
Kannesvar, Dharvad, inscription at, 103.
Kans, Raja, Dynastic List, 314.
Kanthirava jSarasa Raja, Dynastic List,
297.
Kanthirava Raja, Dynastic List, 297.
Kahva dynasty, rise of, 18.
Kanyakubja, I-tsing visits, 56.
Kanyoji, Dynastic List, 290.
'* Kanzu - 1 - Daqaeq," commentary on,
220.
Kapadvanaj :
Inscriptions, 80, 81, 84.
Mahmud Khaljl defeated by Qutb
Shah at, 257.
Kapardikadvipa,king of, slain by JayakesinI,
123.
Kapardin I, 73, 76.
Dynastic List, 303.
Kapardin II, 77.
Dynastic List, 303.
Kapila Gajapati of Orissa, 258.
Kapilavastu :
Fa-hien visits, 29.
Sakya clan, extermination, 6.
Siddhartha born at, 4.
U-K'ong visits, 66.
Kappadevarasa, 149.
Kara, Warash Khan's expedition against,
269.
Karahata, capital of Kolhapur branch of
h'ilahara family. 124.
Karamdad Khan, Dynastic List, 285. .
Karan, Dynastic List, 290.
" Karanakutuhala," 139.
INDEX.
361
"Karanaprakasa," Brahmadeva's epoch
Karya, Maisiir, inscriptions, 94, 95.
year of, 133.
Kasakudi grants, 63, 64.
Karanbel, inscriptions, 121, 162.
Genealogy of Pallavas taken from,
Karansi, Dynastic List, 291.
299.
Karda copper-plates, 72, 96.
Kasapayyanayaka, governor of Banavasi,
Kareth, fort of, founded by Alp Khan
152.
San jar, 211.
Kashku Khan, revolt, 217.
Kmitalai copper-plates, 31, 92.
Kashli Khan Saifu-d-Dln I-bak, 197.
Karka I, llashtrakuta, Dynastic List, 300.
Kashmir :
Karkaraja-Suvarnavarsha, Hath or, 72.
Akbar annexes, 315.
Dynastic List, 301.
Alexander the Great conquers, 8.
Karkota or Naga dynasty of Kashmir,
Bhikshachara's rebellion, 142.
List, 293.
Bhoja's invasion, 149, 150.
Didda's murders, 96, 98, 99.
Karma of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Karmachandra, 250.
Dynastic List of Kings, 293, 315.
" Karmakrijakanda," 129.
Famine in, 85, 135.
Karmania, Alexander the Great at, 9.
Flood in, 135.
Karmatiau heretics, driven out of 'Iraq settle
Hasham invades, 67.
in Sindh, 101.
Jasrat defeats Sultan 'All, 245.
Karna or Karnadeva of Chedi, 121, 143.
Kalachakra system of Buddhism,
Bhimadeva I, alliance with, 112.
rise of, 95.
Chandradeva quells disturbances on
Mahnmd's invasion, 110, 112.
death of, 135.
Malik Arsalan seizes throne, 139.
Dynastic List, 293.
Muhammad ibn Qasim, invasion, 60.
Gopala defeats, 135.
Muhammadan Kings, Dynastic List,
Kirtivarman defeats, 133.
315.
Somesvara 1 said to have deposed,
"Rajataranginl" or Chronicles of
120.
Kashmir, 151.
I'dayaditya defeats. 131.
Sussala seizes throne, 138.
Karna or Karnadeva I of Gujarat, 125, 128.
Uchchala's invasion, 136.
Dynastic List, 282.
U-K'ong, visit to, 66.
Karna or Karnadeva II of Gujarat, 209.
Uktae's expedition, 185.
Dynastic List, 282.
Kaii, king of, subdued by Madanavarma-
Karna of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
deva, 145.
Karna's Meru, built by Karnadeva, 121.
" Kasika Vritti," commentary on, 49.
Karnadeva of Seunadesa, Dynastic List, 310.
Kasmiras, subdued by Yasovarman, 87.
Karnata :
Kassapa V, conquered by Parantaka I, 82.
Mahadeva Ugrasarvabhauma wars
Kasyapa, Buddhist council under, 6.
against, 201,
Kasyapa I of Ceylon. Dynastic List, 320.
Yfikpati II subdues, 97.
Yisaladeva marries a daughter of
Kasyapa or Kasya Matahga, visits China, 21.
Katachchuris, subdued by Mangalisa, 44.
Karnata king, 189.
Katak :
Karnavati, founded by Karnadeva, 128.
Dynastic List, kings of, 305.
Karnsimha, Dynastic List, 277.
Inscription, 208.
Kannil inscriptions, 54, 57.
Katasan, battle of, 190.
" Karpuraniarijarl," 82.
Kathaians, subjection to Alexander the
Karra, attacked by Qutlugh Khan, 198.
Great, 8.
Kartavirya I, 99.
" Kathakautuka," 257.
Dynastic List, 301.
" Kathamahodadhi," 257.
Kartavirya II, 132, 143.
" Katharatnakosa," copy, 137.
Dynastic List, 301.
M Kathasaritsagara," 125.
Kartavirya III, 149, 157, 175.
Kathehr :
Dynastic List, 301.
Firiiz Shah III, expedition, 230.
Kartavirya IV, 171, 173, 175, 182.
Iqbal Khan captures, 237.
Dynastic List, 301.
KJiizr Klian, expedition, 244.
Kartripura, 28.
Mahmud Shah, expedition, 196.
Karunakara Tondaimun, conquers Kalinga,
Maliku-s-Sharq Taju-1-Mulk, ex-
139.
pedition, 243, 244, 245.
362
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Kathehr :
KeSavadityadeva, 129.
Mubarak Shah II, expedition, 246,
Kesavamisra's "Tarkabhasha," commentary
247.
on, 230.
Taju-d-Din Sanjar-i-Qjq-luk over-
Kesldeva or Arikesarin, 108, 110.
throws Hindu tribes, 188.
Dynastic List, 303.
Kathiavad :
Inscription, 173
Arab conquest, 59.
KeSideva, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 303.
Lakka Phulani conquers part of, 215.
Kesimayya, 150, 160, 164.
Katmandu :
Kesiraja, 163.
Inscriptions, 60, 66.
Kesiraja or Kesara, 155.
Ratnamalla founds a dynasty at, 262.
Kesiraja or Kesimayya, 150, 160, 164.
Kator, subdued by Timur, 235.
Kesirayya or Kesavabhattaya, 165.
Ketaladevi, wife of Kamadeva, 163.
Kattu, original name of Makbu.1, 224.
Katuka, Raja, 167.
Ketaladevi, wife of Somesvara, 120, 124.
Katuka, sect of Jains, rise of, 269.
Ketarasa, lord of ITchcharigigiri, 159.
Keyiiravarsha-Yuvarajadeva I, 87.
Kauthem, inscription, 108.
Kauthem plate, 36.
Dynastic List, 293.
Kavadeva or Kamadeva, Tailamana-Anka-
Khafif I of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
kara, 163.
Khafif II of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Kavana, 163.
Khaibar Pass, Alexander's army passes
Kavanayya, 163.
through, 7.
Kavi inscriptions, 59, 72.
Khairabad, occupied by Shaikh 'AH Beg, 250.
Kavindra, 219.
Khairu-d-Dln, Malik, of Sindh, Dynastic
" Kavirahasya," 71.
List, :-J02.
"KaviSeksha," 136.
Khairu-d-Dln Khani, 245, 248, 250.
" Kavitarahasya," 182.
Khairu-d-Dln Tuhfah, 248.
" Kavvadarga," 44.
Khajuraho inscriptions, 82, 87, 91, 92, 93,
" Kavyakalpalata," 182.
140, 155.
" Kavyakalpalataparimala," 182.
Khalad, governor of 'Iraq, 63.
" Kavyakalpalatika," 187.
Khalaf, ruler of Sijistan, 90, 95.
"Kavyakautuka," 102.
Intrigue with I-lak Khan, 107.
" Kavyalahkara," 77, 127.
M ah mud attacks, 104, 106.
t* Kavyalahkaravritti," 68, 70.
Khalari, Raypur, temple inscription, 238.
" KavyaprakaSa," 189, 208.
Khalf Hasan, Maliku-t-Tajjar, seizes
Kayaehchandra of Kanauj , copper-plate of,
Mahaim, 250.
160.
Khalil Khan, identical with Muzaffar
Kayyata, 87, 99.
Shah II, 262.
Kedarabhumi or Garhwal, Anekamalla's
Khalimpur inscriptions, 75.
victories in, 167.
Khaljis :
Kehar, Dynastic List, 290.
Delhi, 207, 312.
Keleyaladevi, wife of Vinayaditya, 122.
Malava, 253, 316.
Kempa Deva Eaja, Dynastic List, 297.
Khamadeva, conquered by Jayakesin I, 123.
Kerala :
Khan, Amir of Kashmir, Dynastic List, 315.
Kirtivarman subdues, 42.
Khan, Malik, defeat, death, 181.
Pandyas and Cholas made subject to,
Khan-i-'Azam Nasrat Khan, of Labor, 250.
203.
Khan-i-'Azam Sayyid Khan, league against
Parantaka I, marries daughter of
Sawaru-1-Mulk, 252.
king of, 82.
Khan-i- Jahan : see title Makbu.1.
Pulikesln II invades, 46.
Khan-i-Jahan the younger, 227, 231.
Vakpati II subdues, 97.
Khanapur inscriptions, 145, 149.
Vikramaditya I, rebellion against, 54.
" Khandana-Khandakhadya," 153.
Vikramaditya II subdues, 63.
Khandesh, rulers of, Dynastic Lists, 298,
Vinayaditya subdues, 57.
316.
Kerala Varman Tiruvadi, inscription, 169.
Khandii, Malik, 234.
Kesava, 201.
Khangara I, Chudiisama, Dynastic List, 284.
KeSava or Kesiraja, 155.
Khangarall, Chudasama, Dynastic List, 284.
Kesava Sen of Bengal, Dynastic List, 302.
Khangara III, Chudasama, Dynastic List,
Kesavabhattaya or Kesayya, 165.
284.
INDEX.
363
KhangaralV, Chudasama, Dynastic List, 284.
Khurasan :
Khangara V, Chudasama, Dynastic List, 284.
Amir Nub and Sabuk-Tigin, ex-
Khaugara VI, Chudasama, Dynastic List,
pedition, 101.
Iqbal Khan, invasion, 107
284.
Khangara VII, Chudasama, Dynastic List,
Mahmud, independent governor, 104.
Mansur's rebellion, 84.
284.
Kharagraha I of Valabhl, 47.
Muhallab ibn Sufra at, 56.
Dynastic List, 308.
Muhammad Khan, invasion, 268.
Kharagraha II of Valabhi, 51, 54, 56.
Salj uqi invasions, 117, 118, 120.
Dynastic List, 308.
White Huns, invasion, 34.
Kharaparikas, 28.
Khusru, Amir, 186, 206.
Kharavela, 14, 16.
Khusru II of Persia, 48, 50.
Kharatara, sect of Jains, origin, 95.
Khusru (Nasiru-d-Din), of Delhi, 215.
" Kharataragaehchha," origin, 113.
Dynastic List, 312.
Kharatarapattavali, in Jesalmir temple, 256.
Khusru Malik, Chinese expedition, 218.
Kharepatan copper-plates, 108, 134.
Khusru Malik, of Ghazni, 156.
Khargu, murders committed by, 230.
Death, 167.
Kharijis, 'AH defeated and slain by, 73.
Dynastic List, 311.
Kharod inscription, 163.
Ghuzz expedition, 158.
Khas Khan :
Mu'izzu-d-Din defeats and im-
JNahrwalah expedition, 180.
prisons, 163, 165.
Khasas, subdued by Yasovarman, 87.
Khusru Nushirvan, 37.
Khfiwand, Shah, 262.
Khusru Shah of Ghazni, 151, 156.
Kheda copper-plate, 48.
Dynastic List, 311.
Khedrapur inscription, 177.
Khwajah 'Ainu-1-Mulk, 220.
Khemaraja of Kalihga, 16.
Khwajah *Ali Indarabi, 245.
Khetsiihha Kshetrashhha of Mevad, Dynastic
Khwajah Hasan Sadr Nizami, 174.
List, 287.
Khwajah Lai 'AH, 168.
Khwajah Mas'ud ibn Sa'd ibn Salman, 146.
" Khettasamasa," 156.
Khizr Khan, governor of Chitor, 211, 214.
Khwajah Qutbu-d-Din, Bakht-yar, 184.
Khizr Khan of Delhi :
Khwajah Tash, 211.
Campaigns, 234, 238, 239, 241, 242,
Khwajah-i-Jahan, 232.
243, 244, 245.
Khwajah-i-Jahan of Jaunpur, Dynastic
Death, 245.
List, 315.
Delhi besieged by, 241, 242.
Khwarizmis :
Dynastic List, 312.
Ghazni seized by, 177.
Etawah pays tribute to, 245.
Hirat expedition, 172.
Marriage with daughter of Alp Khan
Mahmud holds lands in Khwarizm,
San jar, 214.
107, 110.
Khoh copper- plates, 31, 33, 34, 40.
Mu'izzu-d-Din invades, 173.
Khokar or Gakk'har tribe :
Tughril annexes Khwarizm, 121.
Dynastic List, 285.
Kidara, establishes kingdom of Little
Jalalu-d-Din Mang-barni, expedition,
Kushanas, 32.
179.
Kiggatnad inscriptions, 78, 81, 99.
Mu'izzu-d-Dln quells rebellion, 174.
King-ching, translations by, 68.
Panjab raid, 220.
Kinnaram or Kamale.4varasimha, 276.
KholesVara, general under Sirighana, 176.
Kipin, conquests of, 18.
Khondamir, historian, 262.
Kiragrama :
Khottiga or Khotika, Rashtrakuta, 92, 94,
PraSastis on temple at, 71.
96.*
Rajanakas, Dynastic List, 295.
Dynastic List, 300.
" Kiratarjuniya," commentary on, 257.
Khudawand Khan, conspiracy, 263.
Kirati Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
" Khuddasikkhatika," 167.
Kirman :
" Khulasatu-1-A'khbar," 262.
Chach invasion : boundary-line fixed,
Khumana or Shummana of Mevad, 92.
50.
Dynastic List-, 287.
'Abdu-llah ibn Amar ibn Babi,
Khiinraj Mubarak Khani, Malik, fief and
invasion, 52.
title bestowed on, 2o3.
Kirtichandra of Kumaun, 267.
364
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
" Kirtikaumudi," 183.
Kirtimalla of Jsepal, 242.
Kirtiraja, Kachchhapaghata prince,
Dynastic List, 291.
Kirtiraja, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 304.
Kirtisimha of Gwaliar, Dynastic List, 306.
Kirtivarmadeva, Chandella, Dynastic List,
282.
Kirtivarman I, Chalukya of Badami, 42.
Dynastic List, 278.
Klrtivarman II, Chalukya of Badami, 65,
66.
Dynastic List, 278.
Vakkaleri grant of, 64.
Klrtivarman III, Chalukya, Dynastic List,
278.
Klrtivarman II or Jayavarmadeva, Chandella,
133, 135, 136, 139.
Dynastic List, 282.
Klrtivarman of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Klrtivarman II or Kirtideva, Kadamba, 126.
Dynastic List, 292.
Klrtivarman, Maharanakaof Kakaredi, 161,
170.
Dynastic List, 292.
" Kitabu-1-Akalim," 92.
" Kitabu-1- Anwar," 223.
" Kitabu-1-Buldan," 81.
Kittur inscription, 166.
Kiu-to, sends embassy to China, 37.
Kiwam Khan, 241, 244.
Kiwamu-1-Mulk Makbul : see title Makbul.
K ochre grant, 46.
Kodayadityasimha, Dynastic List, 276.
Kodikop inscription, 143.
Koinos, death of, 8.
Kokahnur, inscription, 158.
KokkallaorKokkalladevalof Chedi, 79, 82.
Dynastic List, 293.
Kokkalladeva II of Chedi, 105.
Dynastic List, 293.
Kol:
Malik Taju-1-Mulk subdues, 245.
Qutbu-d-Din seizes, 169.
Kolavennu grant, 88. ,
Kolhapur inscription, 149.
Kolhapur, S'ilahara princes, 73.
Dynastic List, 304.
Kollam Andu, epoch of, 74.
Kollipake, conquered by Bajendra-Chola I,
105.
Komaragiri Vema Beddi, Dynastic List, 302.
Komati Vehka Beddi, Dynastic List, 302.
Kona-Bhima-Vallabharaja, Dynastic List,
295.
Kona- Ganapatidevamaharaja, Dynastic
List, 295.
Kona-Satyaraja, 154.
Konadevi, wife of Adityasena, 57.
Konamandala, chiefs of, Dynastic List, 295.
Kondavidu :
Reddi, chiefs of, 248, 302.
Salva-Timma captures, 270.
Kongalivarman, 122.
Kongu, attacked by Vishnuvardhana, 140.
Konkan :
Achugi fights with king of, 130, 140.
Dynastic Lists, 303, 304.
Isvaradatta established in, 26.
Klrtivarman subdues Mauryas of, 42.
Krishna, ''the terror of kings of,"
192".
Mahadeva Ugrasarvabhauma annexes,
201.
S'ilaharas of, 67, 73.
Dynastic Lists, 303, 304.
Vishnuvardhana attacks, 140.
Konur inscription, 132.
Korea :
Buddhism introduced into, 28.
S'ramanas visit India, 51.
Kosala :
Dantidurga subdues, 66.
Lakshmanarajadeva subdues, 92.
Mudhaluiiga-Prasiddhadhavala seizes
Pali, 82.
Pulikesin II subdues, 46.
Bajendra-Chola conquers, 106.
Sindhuraja conquers, 102.
Yasovarman subdues, 87.
Kosam inscription, 34, 35.
Kosmas Indikopleustes, 40.
Kot Kamalia, capture by Alexander the
Great, 8.
Kot Kahgra or Nagarkot: see title Na-
garkot.
Kot Kaiigra or Trigarta, Bajas of, Dynastic
List, 306.
Kotiwarah, Abmad I, expedition, 252.
Kottatti inscription, 99.
Kotyacharya, identical with Silahka, 79.
Koyatur, Vishnuvardhana attacks, 140.
Kozulo Kadphises, 18, 19.
Krateros, 9.
Krek, King of Siam, introduces Buddhism,
51.
Krishna Akalavarsha of Ankulesvar, 81.
Krishna of Orangal, Dynastic List, 292.
Krishna I, Bashtrakuta, 67, 68.
' Dynastic List, 300.
Krishna II, Bashtrakuta, 79, 81, 85.
Chalukya war, 69, 81.
Dynastic List, 300.
Feudatories under, 78, 84.
Gujarat recovered by, 81*
Gujarat village, grant, 71.
INDEX.
365
Krishna II :
Kshemaraja of Anhilvad, 76, 78.
' Gunabhadra, tutor of, 77, 82.
Dynastic List, 2b 2.
V Kavirahasya," hero of, 71.
Kshemaraja or Kshemendra, Kashmirian
Marries daughter of Kokkalladeva I,
Saiva philosopher, 115.
79.
Kshemasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Yijayaditya III subdues, 76.
Krishna III, Eashtrakuta, 89.
Kshemendra Vijasadasa, poet, 118.
Kshetrajfia or Kshatraujas, 6.
Daughter marries Ayyana, 86.
" Kshetrasangrahanivritti," 218.
Deoli grants, 79, 88.
Kshirasvamin, 68.
Dynastic List, 300.
Kshitipala of Kanauj : see title Mahipala
Feudatories under, 91.
Kshitipala.
Gujarat expedition, 94.
Ktesias, author, 7.
Bajaditya Chola killed in battle with,
Kubera of Devarashtra, conquered by
91.
Samudragupta, 28.
" Yasastilaka," written during reign
Kuchiraja, general, 204.
of, 93.
Kudiyavarman I of Velanandu, Dynastic
Krishna, Yadava of Devagiri, 191, 201.
List, 309.
Amalananda flourishes under, 194.
Kudiyavarman II of Velanandu, Dynastic
Dynastic List, 310.
List, 309.
Feudatories under, 193, 195.
Kukkanur inscription, 155.
Somesvara, an enemy of, 184.
Kuku-raikhoya, Gohani, Dynastic List, 276.
Somesvaradeva, preceptor to, 195.
Kulachandra, inscription, 228.
Krishna Naig, revolt, 221.
Kulachandra, Pandita, 186.
Krishna Salavahana, 14.
Kuladatta, 196.
Krishna-Upendra of Malava, 74.
Kulagere, inscription, 84.
Dynastic List, 303.
Krishnabhatta, author, 183.
Kulam, Albuquerque's settlement, 268.
Kulamandana, 220, 224.
Krishnabhatta, former name of Vidyadhi-
Kulasekharanka, subdued by Permadi, 150.
raja, 218."
Kulbarga :
Krishnadeva of Vijayanagara, 274.
Amir 'All's revolt, 222.
Krishnagupta, Dynastic List, 288.
Bahmanis of, 273, 316.
Krishnamisra, 133.
Kulottunga,Chodadeva I : see title Kajendra-
Krishnaraja Akalavarsha of Gujarat, Dy-
Chola II.
nastic List, 301.
Kulottuhga Chodadeva II, 144, 146.
Krishnaraja I, Isikumbha of Khandesh, 105.
Dynastic Lists, 280, 283.
Dynastic List, 298.
Kulottunga-Manma-Gofikaraja, 165.
Krishnaraja II, Dynastic List, 298.
Dynastic List, 309.
Krishnaraja of Vijayanagara, Muhammad
Kumara, 147.
Shah's expedition against, 226, 227.
Kumaradeva, 31.
Krishnaraya of Vijayanagara, 269.
Kumaradevi, of Uchchhakalpa, 307.
' Dynastic List, 309.
Kumaradevi, wife of Oghadeva, 31, 307.
Krishnavallabha : see title Krishna II,
Kumaragupta I, 31, 33.
Rashtrakiita.
Dynastic List, 288.
Krishnavarman, Dynastic List, 292.
Inscription, 47.
' ' Kriyasaiigrahapaiij ika, " 196.
Kumaragupta II, 39, 41.
Kshaharata race, conquered by Gautami-
Dynastic List, 288.
putra, 23.
Seal of, 35.
Kshatrapas, Western :
Kumarajiva, 29, 30.
Chandragupta conquers, 29.
Kumarapala of Anhilvad, 149, 150, 153.
Coins, dated, first issue, 25.
Dynastic List, 282.
Dynasty, 23, 296.
S'rTpala, poet laureate to, 134, 136.
Isvaradatta's conquest, 26.
Kumarapala of Bengal, 148, 152, 159.
Kshatriyas :
Dynastic List, 299.
Gautamiputra's inscription, 23.
Kumarapala of Kakaredi, 186, 188.
S'ri-Harshadeva conquers, 92.
Dynastic List, 292.
Kshemagupta, 91, 93.
" Kumarapalacharita," 227, 253.
Dynastic List, 294.
" Kumarasambhavatika," 87.
Kshemahkara, 261.
Kumarasimha, Dynastic List, 287.
366
THE CHKONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Kumarilabhatta, 62.
" Laghunasavritti," 187.
Kumaun, Chand dynasty, 281.
Lah-Pahad inscription, 155.
Kunibhakarna of Mevad, 254, 265.
Lahar Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Campaigns, 255,' 258, 259.
Lahor :
Dynastic List, 287.
Abmad-i-ISTial-Tigln, rebellion, 116.
Kumbhalmir, Qutbu-d-Dm besieges, 259.
'Alau-d-Din JanI, rebellion, 185.
Kumbhi copper-plate, 163.
Jasrat's invasion, 246, 250, 251.
Kundakadevi, wife of Baddiga, Amogha-
Khokarsor Gakk'hars, invasions, 174,
varsba, 88.
220.
Kundama, 111.
Mali mud annexes, 112.
" Kundamandapalakshana," 257.
Maliku-s-Sbarq Sikandar Tubfah
Kundava, wife of Vimaladitya, 100.
Kundavamahadevi, wife of Vimaladitya, 110.
captures, 251.
Maudiid quells insurrection, 121.
Kundi or Kuhundi, boundaries fixed, 99.
Mubarak Shah II begins restoration
Kuhgas, subdued by Karnadeva, 121.
of, 246."
Kiinika or Ajasatru, 5, 6.
Mughal invasions, 179, 187, 191,211.
Kuntaditya, identical witb Bhandanaditya,
Mu'izzu-d-Dln's invasion, 163, 165.
85.
Shaikh 'All captures, 251.
Kuntala :
Shaikha Khan captures, 233.
Ballala II subdues, 160.
Lahshmipaladevarasa, 188.
Kulottuhga Choladeva I subdues, 128.
Lajja, wife of Vigrahapala, 298.
Tailapa subdues, 97.
Lakha Ghurara, Gudara, or Dhodara, Dy-
Kura inscription, 37.
nastic List, 290.
Kuram grants, 54, 55.
Lakha Jam, 223.
Genealogy of Pallavas taken from,
Dynastic List, 290.
299.
Lakha Phulani, 215.
Kurus, subdued by YaSovarman, 87.
Dynastic List, 290.
Kusdar, captured by Sabuk-Tigln, 101.
Lakhanadeva of Kanauj, 170.
Kushanas :
Lakhanapala of Budaun, Dynastic List, 299.
Kadphises destroys Greek power in
Lakhanor, captured by Raja of Jajnagar, 1 90.
India, 15, 18.
Lakharsena, Dynastic List, 290.
Little Kusbanas, 32, 34.
LakhimadevI, wife of Chandrasimha, 226.
Kusbka, 21.
Lakhimadevi, wife of S'ivasimha, 305.
Kusinagara, travellers visiting, 29, 56, 66.
Lakhmideva, minister of Sarikama, 163.
Kusumapura, birthplace of Aryabhata, 34.
Lakhmidevayya, 162.
Kusumba Ksbatriyas, 16.
Lakhnauti :
Kutila :
'Alau-d-Din 'Ali-i-Mardan, murder
Khizr Khan captures, 245.
of, 177.
Tatar Khan defeats Sarang Khan, 234.
Arsalan Khan, invasion, 200.
"Kuttanimata," 68.
Balka Malik, rebellion, 182.
Kuvalayapida, Dynastic List, 294.
Firiiz Shah III, invasion, 226.
Kyasanur inscription, 91.
Mughisu-d-Din Tughril, rebellion,
Kyros, tribes subject to, 5.
205."
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud seizes, 181.
Tamur Khan-i-Tlran seizes, 190.
L.
Lakk'han Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Lakmaya, 159.
Lachchhiyavva or Lakshmi, 104.
Lakshanika or Lakshana, 71.
Ladama, 166.
Dynastic List, 295.
Laddar Deo :
Lakshasimha of Mevad, 249.
Fakhru-d-Dln Jiinan conquers, 216.
Dynastic List, 287.
Malik Kafur, treaty with, 212.
Lakshma, Lakshmidhara, or Lakhmideva,
Laelih, expels Little Kusbanas from Gan-
feudatory of Vira-Ballala, 171.
dhara, 34.
Lakshmadeva, Paramara of Malava, 132,
Laga Turman, 303.
" Laghiyastraya," 68.
137, 143.
Dynastic List, 300.
Laghman, 101.
Lakshman Jesalmir Maharawal, Dynastic
" Laghumariasa," 55.
List, 291.
INDEX.
367
Lakshman Sen Lakshmanasena, of Bengal,
Dynastic List, 302.
Lakshmana of Bengal, Dynastic T,ist, 302.
Lakshmana or Lakshmanachandra of Klra-
grama, 71.
Dynastic List, 295.
Lakshmana, father of Yajradaman, 98.
Lakshmana, Maharaja, Kosani inscription,
35.
Lakshmana Thakur, Dynastic List, 305.
Lakshmanagupta, Saiva philosopher, 92.
Lakshmanaraja or Lakshmanarajadeva, of
Chedi, 92, 95, 96, 97.
Dynastic List, 293.
Lakshmanasena of Bengal, 136, 141.
Dynastic List, 303.
Lakshmanlya of Bengal, Dynastic List, 302.
Lakshmarasa, ruler of Belvola and Puligere
districts, 128.
Lakshmasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List,
287.
Lakshinesvar inscriptions, 57, 59, 63, 95,
144.
Lakshmi or Lachchhiyavva, wife of Bhillama
II, 104.
Lakshmi, wife of Jagattunga, 80.
Lakshmi Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Lakshmideva, Minister to Krishna, 192.
Lakshmldeva I of Saundatti, 175.
Dynastic List, 301.
Lakshmldeva II of Saundatti, 182.
Dynastic List, 301.
Lakshmldeva, Vaidika, 148.
LakshmldevI, wife of Sena II, 134.
LakshmldevI, wife of Vijayaditya, 150.
Lakshmidhara, chief Pandit to Jaitrapala,
167.
Lakshmlkama of Nepal, 110, 119.
Lakshmlnatha or Kanisa Narayana, 305.
Lakshminivasa, author, 259.
Lakshmlsagarasuri, 241, 261.
Lakshmlsimha, Dynastic List, 276.
Lakshmltilaka or Dharmatilaka, 203.
Lakshmivarmadeva, Paramara of Malava,
150, 171.
Lakshmi var man, Paramara of Malava, 148,
162, 178.
Lakshmi vatl, wife of Isanavarman, 41.
LakumadevI or Santaladevi, wife of Vishnu-
vardhana, 140.
Lalaka, 16.
Lalchlu, deposes Ghiyasu-d-Dln, 235.
** Lalita-Vigraharaja-Nataka," 154.
Lalitaditya Muktaplda Karkota of Kashmir,
62.
Dynastic List, 294.
Lalitaditya II of Kashmir, Dynastic List,
294.
Lalla, astronomer, 37.
Lalla the Chhinda, 101.
Lalliya S'ahi, 80, 83.
Lamghan, Mughal invasion, 217.
Lanka, conquered by Parantaka I, 82.
Lankarafiji of Bikanlr, 268, 273.
Dynastic List, 277.
Lankaru, Dynastic List, 291.
Lata or Central Gujarat :
Bhoja attacks, 109.
Dantidurga subdues, 66.
Durlabha conquers, 108.
Ganapati receives homage from
kings of, 183.
Krishna attacks, 79, 81.
Pulikesin conquers, 46.
Rash trakiita dynasty, 69, 71, 301.
Sindhiuraja conquers, 102.
Vakpati II subdues, 97.
Later Yadavas of Devagiri, Dynastic List,
310.
Laukika or Saptarshi era, initial date, 4.
Lavana, 92.
Lavanaprasada, 176, 179, 183.
Dynastic List, 282.
Lavanyasimha or Lavanasimha, 182.
Lawlk, seizes Ghaznl, 95.
Lendeyarasa, ruler of Puligere district, 85.
Leyden copper-plate, 101.
Lichchhavis of Eastern Nepal, 50.
Dynastic List, 296.
" LllavatI," 113.
Little Kafichl, inscription, 260.
Little Kushanas, 32, 34.
"Lochana," 102.
Lohara, 145, 146.
Lohara family, younger branch, 136.
Lohiya or Sohiya of Nadole, Dynastic List,
278.
Lohkot, attacked by Mahmud, 110, 112.
Lokabhupalaka or Lokamahipala, Dynastic
List, 295.
Lokaditya, ruler of Banavasi, 82.
Lokakala cycle, initial year, 62.
LokamahadevI, wife of Chalukya-Bhxma II,
88.
LokamahadevI, wife of Vikramaditya II, 63.
Lokasena, 82.
Lokkigundi, Lakkundi, Jaitrasimha defeated
at, 165.'
. Lonad inscriptions, 164, 173.
Loni, fort of, captured by Timur, 236.
Loraraja, Dynastic List, 276.
Loshthadeva, poet, 148.
Lothana of Lohara, 145, 146, 149.
Lumpaka sect of Jains, 258.
Branches, 263, 270.
Lunavada copper-plate, 67.
368
THE CHRONOLOGY OP INDIA.
Lus Bela tribes, subjected by Alexander the
Great, 9.
Lysias, 15.
M.
Ma'bar :
Dynastic List Mubammadan kings,
317.
KJiusru's expedition against, 215.
Malik Kaffir' a expedition, 213.
Sayyid Hasan insurrection, 220.
Sundara' Pandya and Vira Pandya
struggle for tbrone, 213.
"Madalasachampa," 85.
Madanapala of Bengal, Dynastic List, 299.
Madanapala of Budaun, Dynastic List, 299.
Madanapala of Kanauj, 137, 138, 139.
Dynastic List, 285.
Madanapala of Kashtha, 228.
Dynastic List, 295.
Madanapaladeva, copper-plate of, 131.
" Madanaparijata," 228.
Madanavarman or Madanavarmadeva,
Cbandella, 145, 158.
Dynastic List, 282.
Inscriptions, 146, 155.
" Madanavinodanighantu," 228.
Dynastic List from, 295.
Madanpur inscription, 164.
" Madanu-1-Maani," 229.
Madevi, wife of Kartavirya, 171.
Madbarlputra Sakasena or Serisena, 24.
Madhava, 38, 93.
Madhava, Prime Minister to Bukka I, 223.
Madhava Sen of Bengal, Dynastic List,
302.
Madhavagupta, 57.
Dynastic List, 288.
Madhavanka, captures Goa, 232.
Miidhavatirtha, 192.
Madhavayya, 160, 175.
" Madbaviya Dhatuvritti," 223.
Madbu Kamarnava VI, 119.
Madbuban inscription, 46.
Madhukargadh inscription, 137.
Madhukesvara temple, inscription, 225.
" Madbura Purana," 123.
Madhurantaka I, 100.
Dynastic List, 283.
Madhurantaki, wife of Kulottunga Cbola-
deva, 128.
Madbusudana, 137.
MadhuvenI, battle of, 83.
Madhva Anandatirtha, Purnaprajfia, founder
of Madhva sect, 141.
Madbyamikas, conquered by Yavanas, 17.
Madraka :
Kirtivarman subdues, 42.
Samudragupta's empire, 28.
Madura, granted to Vikrama Pandya, 144.
Magadba :
Alexander's troops refuse to enter, 8.
Amoghavarsba worshipped by lords
of, 72.
Asanga settles in, 35.
Dynastic List, 288.
Kbaravela's invasion, 16.
Kirtivarman subdues, 42.
Krishna II subdues, 79.
Somesvara III subdues, 144.
S'unga dynastv, rise of, 14.
Magba, 70, 84,
Magutta or Mabagutta, Dynastic List, 2R9.
Mab-Pue assassinates IbrahTm-i-Isma'Il,
106.
Mahaban inscriptions, 151, 153.
" Mababbashya," 17.
Mabadeva, governor of Belvola and
Puligere districts, 147.
Mabadeva, Kakativa of Orangal, 183.
Dynastic List, 292.
Mabadeva Sarvajna Vadindra, teacber of
Bbatta Riigbava, 195.
Mabadeva, ITgrasarvabhauma, of Devagiri,
201, 202, 203, 204.
Dynastic List, 310.
Mabadeva temple, Kanaswa, inscription
from, 64.
Mahadevarasa, feudatory ruler under
Bijjala, 154.
MabadevI or S'rimatldevi, wife of
Narasirhbagupta, 36.
Mahaim, seized by Ivhalf Hasan, 250.
Mabaksbatrapa, title bestowed on Pudra-
daman I, 24.
Mabakuta inscription, 42.
Mabakutesvara inscription, 59.
Mabamandalesvaras, war with Eastern
Cbalukyas, 70.
Mabanama, 34.
Mabanaman inscriptions, 43, 47.
Mabanandin, 6.
Mabaranakas of Kakaredl, Dynastic List,
292. '
Maharashtra :
Chalukya supremacy overthrown by
Pashtrakutas, 65.
Hiuen Tsang visits, 51.
Malik Kafur reduces, 214.
Maharawals, Jesalmir, Dynastic List, 290.
Mabasamantadbipatis Gunaraja, 83.
Mahasenagupta, Dynastic List, 288.
Mahasenaguptadevi, wife of Adityavardhana,
306.
INDEX.
3G9
" MahavamsV' 34, 52.
Mahavira Vardhamana Jfiataputra, 4.
IMahfivIracharita," 132.
Mahayana sect:
Asaiiga, master of Yogiichara system,
35.
Tibet, revivals in, 100, 119.
Tripitaka taxts collected by Na-thi,
54.'
" Mahayanabuddhi Shatparamita - sutra,"
translation, 68.
Mabayika of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Mahendra, introduces Buddhist religion
into Ceylon, 12, 13.
Mahendra of Kosala, conquered by
Samudragupta, 28.
Mahendra of Nadole, Dynastic List, 278.
Mahendra of Pishtapura, conquered by
Samudragupta, 28.
Mahendra Singh (Chand), Dynastic List,
281.
Mahendrachandra, inscription, 93.
Mahendradhiraja, 82.
Mahendrapala of Bengal, Dynastic List,
299.
Mahendrapala, Maharaja, 67, 70.
Dynastic List, 310.
Mahendrapala of Kanauj, 82, 83, 85.
Dynastic List, 296.
Mahendrasimha, author, 153, 175.
Mahendrasuri, author, 186.
Mahendravarman I, Pallava, 44, 45, 46, 52.
Dynastic List, 299.
Mahendravarman II, Pallava, 52, 55.
Dynastic List, 299.
Mahendravarman III, Pallava, Dynastic
List, 299.
Mahesvar, captured by Ahmad I, 246.
Mahesvara, 138, 139.
Mahesvaradevarasa, 160.
Mahfuzah, built by Hakim, 64.
Mahichandra or Mahitala of Kanauj, 135.
Dynastic List, 285.
Mahideva of Nepal, 63, 66.
Dynastic List, 296.
Mahidevi, 67.
Mahldhara, 147.
Malilndramalla of Katmandu, 262.
Mahiudwari, defeat of Abu-Bakr at, 232.
Mahipfda of Bengal, 113, 119.
Dynastic List, 298.
Mahipala of Gwaliar, 137.
Mahipala, Kachchhapaghata prince, 98.
Dynastic List, 291.
Mahipala, Bhuvanaikamalla, 133.
Mahipala Kshitipala or Herambapala of
Kanauj, 82, 84, 85, 91, 94.
Dynastic List, 296.
Mahipaladeva Chudasama, Dynastic List,
284.
Mahipaladeva II, Dynastic List, 284.
Mahipalarendu, Dynastic List, 295.
Mahmud of Gliur, Dynastic List, 311.
Mahmud Gawun, Maliku-t-Tajjar, Kfiwajar
Jahan, execution, 263.
Mahmud Hasan :
Campaigns, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250,
251.
Offices held by, 246, 248, 249.
Mahmud ibn Ghiyasu-d-Din, 172.
Mahmud Khan of Malava, 255.
Mahmud Khan Langah of Multan, 267.
Mahmud Shah I of Delhi : see title Nasiru-
d-Din Mahmud Shah I.
Mahmud Shah II of Delhi, 233.
Campaigns, 233, 235, 238, 239, 240,
241.
Death, 242.
Dynastic List, 312.
Muqarrab's revolt, 233.
Bestoration, 236, 239.
Mahmud Shah I, Bahmani of Kulbarga, 229.
Death, 235.
Dynastic List, 316.
Mahmud Shah II, Bahmani of Kulbarga,
264, 265, 266.
Death, 271.
Dynastic List, 317.
History of, by 'Abdu-1-Karim, 263.
Mahmud Shah I, Baiqarah of Gujarat, 256,
259.
Alaf Khan's revolt, 266.
Campaigns, 260, 261, 262, 264, 265,
266, 267, 269.
Death, 269.
Dynastic List, 316.
Pattan, visit to, 269.
Mahmud Shah II of Gujarat, 273.
Dynastic List, 316.
Mahmud Shah ibn Latif of Gujarat,
Dynastic List, 316.
Mahmud Shah of Jaunpur, 254, 259.
Dynastic List, 315.
Mahmud Shah I, Khalji of Malava, 253.
Campaigns, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258,
259, 260.
Dynastic List, 316.
Mahmud Shah II, Khalji of Malava, 262,
269, 271.
Dynastic List, 316.
Mahmud Yaminu-d-Daulah of Ghazni, 96,
102, 103, 104, 106.
Authors flourishing under, 105, 111,
123.
Campaigns :
Abu 'Ali-i-Simjur, 102.
24
370
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Mahmud Yaminu-d-Daulah of Ghazni :
Campaigns :
Abu Nasr, 104.
Afgh_anian raid, 113.
Fayiq-i-Khasah and Bak-Tuzu.n,
103.
Ghiir, 108.
I-lak Khan and Qadr Khan,
107, 114.
Indian, 105, 107, 108, 109,
110, 111, 112, 114.
Jawsjanan, 109.
Jurjistan, 109.
Khalaf, 104, 107.
Khawanin, 110.
Nandanah, 110.
Nishapur, 104.
Nur andKirat, 112.
Somnath, 113, 114.
Sukpal, 107.
Death, 115.
Dynastic List, 311.
Imprisonment, 101.
Isra'lPs audience with, 114.
Majdu-d-Daulah slain by, 115.
Mahmudi dynasty of Ghazni, end of, 167.
Inscriptions, 93, 113.
Parihars of, overthrown by Nanika,
75.
Qutbu-d-Dm seizes, 168.
Mahodaya : see title Kanauj .
Mahommed Ghori, identical with Mu'izzu-
d-Din Muhammad-i-Sam, 160 (note).
Mahowa inscription, 256.
Mahpal Khan, 126.
Dynastic List, 285.
Mahrat, Sana of Chitor, slain by Chach, 50.
Mailadevi, wife of Jayakesin II, 14 2, 144.
Mailadevi, wife of Somesvara, 120, 124.
Maijarayya, ruler of Tardavadi district, 153.
Maiiigideva, conquered by Rudra, 157.
Maisur :
Dynastic List, Rajas of, 297.
Inscriptions, 57, 100, 103.
Pulikesin II, alliance with Gahgas of,
46.
Qutbu-d-Dln, expedition against,
170.
Maitrakas, war with Senapati Bhatarka, 36.
Majdu-d-Daulah, slain by Mahmud, 115.
Majdud ibn Mas'ud, 117.
Majhgawam copper -plates, 34.
Makaranda, astronomer, 254.
Makaravalli inscription, Hahgal, 229.
Makbul, vicegerent at Delhi, 223, 224.
Death, 227.
Makedonian empire, 7, 10, 11.
Makhdum, Malik, imprisonment, 252.
M akhduma-i- Jahan, death, 251.
Makran :
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar ibn Rabi,
invasion, 52.
Muhammad ibn Harun, invasion, 60.
Mala, subdued by Vishnuvardhana, 140.
Malabar :
Jewish settlement, 21.
Namburis and Nairs seize territory
of king of Chera, 29.
Rajendra-Chola I conquers, 106.
Malacca, captured by Albuquerque, 268.
Malambika, wife of Harihara II, 229.
Malapas, subdued by Achugi, 143.
" Malatimadhava," 58, 62.
Malava :
Akbar annexes, 316.
'Alau-d-Din reduces, 208.
Asadhara migrates to, 185.
Bahadur Shah annexes, 274, 316.
Chandradeva quells disturbances in,
135.
Chashtana annexes, 23.
Dantidurga subdues, 66.
Dynastic Lists, 300, 308, 315.
Firiiz Shah II, invasion, 207, 208.
Govinda III subdues, 69.
Ghuri dynasty, 238, 315.
Khalji dynasty, 253, 316.
KholeSvara's exploits against, 176.
Kumarapala conquers, 149.
Madanavarmadeva defeats king of,
145.
Muhammadan kings, Dynastic List,
3i5.
Muzaffar II invades, 270.
Muzaffar Shah conquers, 240.
Paramara dynasty, 74, 148, 300.
Piabhakaravardhana fights against
king of, 43.
Pulikesin II conquers, 46.
Rajyavardhana, invasion, 45.
Sallakshanavarmadeva subdues, 136.
Samudragupta's empire, 28.
Samvat era, 18.
Sihghana subdues, 176.
Ulugh Khan, invasion, 194.
Vallabha invasion, 108.
Varmans, Dynastic List, 3'8.
Vikramaditya aids king of, 120.
Vinayaditya subdues, 57.
Visaladeva defeats lord of, 189.
" Malavikagnimitra," 15.
Matayas, subdued by Rishabhadatta, 23.
Malayavarmadeva, 180, 191.
Dynastic List, 298.
Maldeo, ruler of Chitor, 211.
INDEX.
371
" Malfuzat Shaikh Ahmad Maghrabi," 256.
Malhana, 101.
Malhar inscription, 158.
Maliya, copper-plates, 36, 39.
Malkhed, Later Chalukya dynasty of, 97, 279.
Mali, Shaikh History by, 244.
Malik : see second title, as Malik Gullu, see
Gullu.
Malikah-i-Jahan, banishment, 197.
Malikpur, Mughal invasion, 179.
Maliku-s-Sharq Haji Shudani, 253.
Maliku-s-Sharq 'Imadu-1-Mulk, expeditions,
251.
Maliku-s-Sharq Mahmud Hasan: see title
Mahmud Hasan.
Maliku-s-Sharq Malik Mubarak, governor
of Firiizpur and Sirhind, 243.
Maliku-s-Sharq Sarwar, 246.
Maliku-s-Sharq Sikandar, 245, 246, 251.
Maliku-s-Sharq Taju-1-Mulk, 243, 244,
245.
Malla or Mallideva, of Gutta, 140, 163.
Dynastic List, 289.
Malla, Lohara, 135, 136.
Malla, Mallapa III, or Vishnuvardhana III,
Chalukya, of Pithapuram, 172.
Dynastic List, 280.
Malla I of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Malla II or Piduvaraditya of Velanandu,
Dynastic List,' 309.
Malladeva, Bana king, Dynastic List, 276.
Malladevi, wife of Harihara II, 230.
Mallana, 173.
Mallana-Udaiyar, 231.
Mallapa I, Chalukya of Pithapuram,
Dynastic List, 280.
Mallapa II, Chalukya of Pithapuram,
Dynastic List, 280.
Mallarjuna, 146, 147.
Mallaya of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Malleyamadevi or Malayamatidevi, 134.
Mallideva, governor of Huligere district,
209.
Mallideva of Konamandhu, 170.
Dynastic List, 295.
Mallidevarasa, 163.
Mallikarjuna, Kadamba, 146.
Dynastic List, 292.
Mallikarjuna, Ratta of Saundatti, 171, 173,
175.
Dynastic List, 301.
Mallikarjuna, S'ilahara, 155, 164.
Dynastic List, 303.
Mallikarjuna of Vijayanagara, 258, 261,
263, 264.
Dynastic List, 309.
Inscription, 260.
Mallinatha, 189.
Mallisetti, governor of province of Kuhundi,
193.
Mallishena-Maladharideva, 145.
Mallishenasuri, author, 208.
Malloi, conquered by Alexander the Great, 8.
Mallu of Bijapur, Dynastic List, 318.
Mallii Khan, revolt against Mahmud
Shah II, 233.
Mallugi, Dynastic List, 310.
Mallugideva of Seunadesa, Dynastic List,
310.
Mammata, Rashtrakuta of Hastikundi, 89,
103.
" Mamuqiman," 210.
Mamvani, 123.
Man Singh, Raja of Gwaliar, 271.
Mana Shahi of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
306.
Manadeva, Lichchhavi of Nepal, 60, 63, 66.
Dynastic List, 296.
Manadeva, Thakuri of Nepal, 148, 155.
Managoli inscription, 167.
M analarata, lord of Valabhi, 9 1 .
Manasimha, 297.
11 Manasollasa," 145.
Manatuhga, author, 44.
Manavamma, 52.
Mandalika I, Chudasama, Dynastic List,
284.
Mandalika II, Chudrisama, 284.
Mandalika III, Chudasama, 284.
Mandalika IV, Chudasama, 284.
Mandalika V, Chudasama, 284.
Inscription, 257.
Mandalika, Raja, title conferred on, 261.
Mandana, 148.
Mandana, architect and author, 254, 259.
Mandar inscription, 57.
Mandasor :
Inscriptions, 33, 40, 47.
Malik Ayaz and Kiwamu-1-Mulk
attack, 272.
Mandawar :
Flruz Shah II attacks, 208.
Shamsu-d-Dln Altamsh seizes, 181.
Mandhata, copper-plate, 124.
Mandir inscription, 173.
Mandu :
Ahmad Shah I besieges, 244, 246,
253, 254.
Muzaffar Shah I besieges, 234.
MuzafEar II besieges, 271.
Mang Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Mahgala, 64.
Mahgalaraja, Dynastic List, 291.
Mahgalisa, 43, 44.
Dynastic List, 278.
Mangi, conquered by Vijayaditya III, 76.
372
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Mahgi-Yuvaraja, 57, 58.
Dynastic List, 279.
Mahgirah, death of, 115.
Mahgrol inscription, 182.
Mangu Khan, revolt, 210.
Manik Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Manikba, physician, 71.
Manikpur, attacked by Qutlugh Khan, 198.
Manikya of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Manikyala, inscription, 21.
Manimahgala, battle of, 62.
Manj, captured by Mahmud, 111.
Mahkha, 139, 142, 148.
Mankuwar inscription, 30.
Manma-Choda II, Dynastic List, 295.
Manma-Ganda-Gopala, inscription, 209.
Manma-Manda, 146.
Manma-Satya II :
Dynastic List, 295.
Inscription, 170.
Man'mori, 63.
Mannai, conquered by Eajendra-Chola, 105.
Mannaiku defeat of Pandya army at, 64.
Manohardas, Dynastic List, 291.
Manoratha, 77, 147.
Manpur copper-plate, 130.
Mansur, governor of Sindh, 64, 65, 66.
Mansur, son of 'All, governor of Hirat, 88.
Mansur, son of Is-haq, rebellion, 84.
Mansur I, Samani, 94, 95, 98.
Mansur II, Samani, 103, 104.
Mansur 'All Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Mansura :
Independence established, 80.
Malik Khan defeated by Qabachah,
181.
Mansuriyah :
Founders, different names assigned, 64.
Mahmud, expedition, 114.
Muhammad Abu-1-Qasim ibn
Hangal at, 90.
Mantaraja, conquered by Sam udragupta, 28.
Mantrakuta, Prodaraja, Prola, defeats ruler
of, 152.'
Mantur inscription, 120.
Manyakheta, capital city of Amoghavarsha I,
72.
Marasimha conquers, 94.
S'ri-Harshadeva plunders, 92.
" Maqala," 196.
" Maqamatu-l-'Amid-i-Abu Nasr-i-Mish-
kan," 130.
Marapa of Vijayanagara, 219.
Mara^arva, subdued by Govinda III, 69.
Marasimha, 146.
Marasimha, Gohkana-Ahkakara, Guheyana-
Sihga, S'ilahara, 124, 138.
Dynastic List, 304.
Marasimha- Permanadi, 94, 96, 97, 98.
Mariyane, 137.
Marpha, fort, inscription, 222.
Martanda, inscription, 263.
Marvad or Jodhpiir, Eaos of, Dynastic
List, 297.
Marvad, Southern, Gujara kingdom, 32.
Marwan II, governors of Sindh under, 65.
Masika, conquered by Kharavela, 16.
Massaga, conquered by Alexander the
Great, 7.
Mas'udI of Ghazni, 115.
Ahmad ibn Hasan released by, 104.
Betrothal to daughter of Qadr Khan,
114.
Campaigns, 110, 111, 116, 117, 118,
119, 120.
Deposition and death, 120, 121.
Dynastic List, 311.
Marriage with daughter of 1-lak
Khan, 110.
Mas'ud II of Ghazni, 121, 122.
Dynastic List, 311.
Mas'ud Khan of Malava, flight to Gujarat,
253.
Mas'ud Shah of Delhi, 189, 190.
Dynastic List, 312.
Mas'iidi meets Abu Zaidu-1- Hasan at Basra,
85.
" Mas'iidi," 117.
Masulipatam grants, 85, 88, 90.
Matahgas, destroyed by Mahgalisa, 44.
Mathanadeva, 93.
Mathanasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List,
287.
Mathura :
Council, 33.
Early Yadavas of, 74.
Fa-hien visits, 29.
Inscriptions, 17, 21, 22, 24.
Mahmud captures, 111.
Matila, exterminated by Samudragupta, 28.
" Matla'u-1-Anwar," 196.
Matrivishnu, 37.
Mattewada grant, 55.
Mau inscription, 145.
Maudud of Baroda, rebellion, 241, 242.
Maudud of Ghazni, 121, 122.
Dynastic List, 311.
Maues, Moas, or Moga, 17.
Mauhar Thakurs, conquer Bhils, 164.
Maukhari Varmans, Dynastic List, 308.
Maulana 'Ali, author of the " Ma'asir
Mahmudi," 257.
Maulana Mu'inu-d-Din Kazeruni, 269.
Maulana Shihabu-d-Din, visits Hindustan,
262.
Maulana Taju-d-Din Siwi, 269.
ItfDEX.
373
Maurya dynasty, 10.
Asoka, extent of kingdom under, 12.
Fall, 14.
Invasions, 42, 46, 64.
Mausil, drought, famine, and plague in, 116.
Mawarau-n-Nahr, 114.
Mayanalladevi. wife of Karna I, 125.
Mayidevapandita, 178, 181.
Mayidevarasa, 160.
Mayura, autlior, 44.
Mayfiravarman I, Kadamba, 117.
Dynastic List, 292.
Mayuravarman II, Kadamba, 146.
Dynastic List, 292.
Meds. 'Amran's invasion, 75.
Megasikha of Udyaua, 60.
Megasthenes, ambassador to Chandragupta,
11.
Megha of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Meghachandra, author, 146, 154.
"Meghaduta," 253.
"Meghadutatika," 87.
Mekkah, 'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar at, 53.
Melagadeva or Megaladeva, Chudasama, 284.
Melagani inscription, 94.
Melamba, wife of Vijayaditya, 85.
" Memorials of S'akya-Buddha Fathagata,"
38.
Menalgarh inscription, 159.
Menander, 16.
Meng-tsau-mwun, of Arakan, 240.
Merada, 79.
Dynastic List, 301.
Merutunga, author, 210, 222, 229.
Commentary on, 253.
Merv, invasions of :
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar, 53.
'Abdu-r-Rahinan, 56.
Ghiy asu - d - 1) in , 172.
Sultan Shah Khwarizmi, 167.
White Huns, 32.
Mevad :
Ahmad I invades, 252.
Bahadur Khan visits, 273.
Dhavala protects ruler of, 103.
Dynastic List, Guhila Princes, 287.
Mubarak Shah II, rebellion against,
247, 248, 249, 251.
-^ Qutbu-d-Din invades, 258, 259.
Sarwaru-1-Mulk, expedition, 248.
Visaladeva defeats king of, 189.
Mewat, Koh-payah, invasions:
Ghiyasu-d-DIn, 192.
Muhammad Shah, 233.
Ulugh Khan, 200, 201.
Miaus, reign of, 18.
Mihira; subdued by Dhruva II, 78.
Mihirakula, 27, 36, 38, 40.
Mika'il, father of Tughril Beg, 118.
Milinda, identical with Menander, 17.
Ming-Ti, invitation to Buddhist teachers, 21.
Minhaj-i-Saraj, 181.
Minhaju-d-Dln, historian, 169.
Mir Sayyid Khan of Jaunpiir, 268.
Miraj plate, 36.
Miran 'Adil Khan I of Khandesh, 253, 255.
Dynastic List, 316.
Miran Husain of Ahmadnagar, Dvnastic
List, 317.
Miran Mubarak Khan I of Khandesh, 255,
259.
Dynastic List, 316.
Miran Mubarak II of Khandesh, Dynastic
List, 316.
Miran Muhammad II of Khandesh, Dynastic
List, 316.
Miran Muhammad Shah I of Khandesh,
272.
Dynastic List, 316.
Miran Muhammad Shah Faruqi of Khandesh,
king of Gujarat, Dynastic List, 316.
Mirat, captured by Qutbu-d-Din, 168.
Miratb. :
Abu-Bakr imprisoned at, 232.
Timur captures, 236.
Mirkhond Mir Khawand, 252.
Mirza 'Ali of Bidar, Dynastic List, 318.
Mirza Haidar Doghlat of Kashmir, 315.
Mirza Ibrahim Qanuni, visits Hindustan,
262.
Mirza 'Tsa Tarkhan, governor of Siwi, 269.
Mirza Shah Rukh, 247.
" Mitakshara," 133, 164.
Mithila, Pafijas of, Genealogical Table
from, 305.
Mithilas, subdued by Yasovarman, 87.
Mithridates I, 13.
" Mitrachatushkakatha," 248.
Mitrasena, teacher of Hiuen Tsang, 49.
Mlechchha invasions of Kashmir, 38.
Moggallana, lexicographer, 167.
Mohan Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Mokala or Mokalasimha of Mevad, 235, 249.
Dynastic List, 287.
Mokalasimha or Mugatsimha, 284.
Mokalji, 254.
Molucca Islands, captured by Albuquerque,
268.
Mong, founded by Alexander the Great, 8.
M onsoon, South- West, discovery by Hippalus,
20.
Morasah :
Muzaffar II rebuilds, 272.
Nasir Khan, expedition. 243.
Mosque, Delhi, built by Fazlu-llah Khan,
273.
374
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Mount Abu, inscriptions of Samarasifnha,
206, '287.
Mrigavarman, Dynastic List, 292.
Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, Khalifah, 55.
Mu'azamabad, founded by Sikandar ibn
Ilyas, 225.
Mu'azzam Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Mubarak Kjian, 227, 242.
Dynastic List, 285.
Mubarak Shah I of Delhi : see title Qutbu-
d-Din Mubarak Shah I.
Mubarak Shah II of Delhi : see title Mu'izzu-
d-Din Mubarak Shah II.
Mubarak Shah of Jaunpur, 237.
Dynastic List, 315.
Mubarak'Shah of Ma'bar, 226.
Dynastic List, 317.
Mubariz, Malik, Biyana expedition, 248.
Muda, 223.
Muddapa of Vijayanagara, 219.
Mudkul, fort seized by Krishnaraja, 226.
" Mudrarakshasa," 10.
Mugatsimha or Mokalasimha, Chudasama,
Dynastic List, 284.
" Mugdhabodha," 201.
Mugdhatuhga-Prasiddhadhavala, 82.
Dynastic List, 293.
Mugh, Malik, Dekkan expedition, 221.
Mughals :
Babar founds Mughal empire in
India, 264, 273.
Dynastic List, rulers of Delhi, 312.
Invasions, 179, 18(», 187, 190, 199,
200, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212,
217, 225, 257, 264, 273.
New Musalmans murdered by order
of 'Alau-d-Din: see also titles of
Mughal leaders.
Mughirah, Dlbal expedition, 50.
Mughisu-d-Din of Bengal : see title
lkhiiyaru - d - Din Yuz - Bak - i - Tughril
Khan.
Mughisu-d-Din Tughril, 204, 205.
Dynastic List, 313.
Muh Ti, official memoirs, 28.
Muhabat Khan of Budaun, 243.
Muhallab ibn Sufra, 56.
Muhammad the Sijizi, 90.
Muhammad, son of Hasan, governor of
Hirat, 88.
Muhammad, son of Muhammad Al-Jihani,
89.
Muhammad of Bijapur, Dynastic List, 318.
Muhammad of Ghazni, 114, 115, 120, 121.
Dynastic List, 311.
Muhammad, Prince Sultan, 215.
Muhammad, Sultan, invasion of Hirat, 172,
173.
Muhammad A_bu-1-Qasim ibn Hauqal, 90.
Muhammad 'Adil Shah of Delhi, Dynastic
List, 312.
Muhammad Al-Isfaraini, 98.
Muhammad Ansar, author, 256.
Muhammad Arsalan Tatar Khan of Bengal,
201, 203.
Dynastic List, 313.
Muhammad Bahlim, defeated by Bahrain
Shah, 141.
Muhammad Ghazni Khan of Malava, 253.
Dynastic List, 315.
Muhammad-i-Bakht-yar of Bengal, 168,
169, 173, 175.
Dynastic List, 313.
Muhammad ibn Abu Sa'id besieges Bhakar,
181.
Muhammad ibn Harun, Makran expedition,
60.
Muhammad ibn Khawand Shah ibn Mahmud,
252.
Muhammad ibn Qasim, 60, 61.
Muhammad ibn Suri, suicide, 108.
Muhammad ibn Tughlaq of Delhi, 217,
219, 220.
'Abu 'Abdu'llah Muhammad flourishes
under, 218.
Accession to throne of Delhi, 217.
Bahau-d-Din, revolt and death, 218.
Bahraim, revolt and death, 219.
Campaigns, 211, 216, 217, 218,
220, 221, 222, 224.
Capital city removed from Delhi to
Devagiri, 219.
Copper currency introduced by, 217.
Death, 224.
Dekkan governed by, as Fakhru-d-
Din Junan, 216.
Dekkan nobles revolt, 221, 222.
Dynastic List, 312.
Famine in Delhi, 221.
Khwajah 'Ainu-1-Mulk flourishes
under, 220.
Southern Bihar annexation, 217.
Muhammad-i-Kharnak, 172, 173.
Muhammad-i-Khwarizm Shah, 173.
Muhammad Junaidi, wazir, 195.
Muhammad Karim of Gujarat, 255, 256,
257.
Dynastic List, 316.
Muhammad Khan of Biyana, 248.
Muhammad Khan of Delhi, 224, 231.
Muhammad Khan of Gujarat, 249, 251, 253.
Muhammad Khan of Samana, 252.
Muhammad Khan Shaibani Uzbak, invasion
of Khurasan, 268.
Muhammad Madini of Ghur, 151.
Muhammad Nisa'i, 94.
INDEX.
375
Muhammad Quli of Golkonda, Dynastic
List, 318.
Muhammad Shah, Ghazni seized by, 177.
Muhammad Shah, rebellion in Oudh, 185.
Muhammad Shah, Prince, slain in Mughal
invasion, 206.
Muhammad Shah I of Delhi : see title
'Alau-d-Din Muhammad Shah I.
Muhammad Shah III of Delhi, 231, 232,
233.
Dynastic List, 312.
Muhammad Shah IV of Delhi, 252, 253,
254, 255.
Dynastic List, 312.
Muhammad Shah of Jaunpiir, 259.
Dynastic List, 315.
Muhammad Shah of Kashmir, Dynastic
List, 315.
Muhammad Shah I (Bahmani) of Kulbarga,
225, 226, 227, 228.
Dynastic List, 316.
Muhammad Shah II ( Bahmaui) of Kulbarga,
222, 229, 232, 235.
Dynastic List, 316.
Muhammad Shah III (Bahmani) of Kul-
barga, 260, 261, 263, 264.
Dynastic List, 317.
Muhammad Shiran imprisons ' Ali-i-Mardan,
175.
Muhammad Sur, House of, Dynastic List,
314.
Muhammadabad, city, foundation, 264.
Muharamadans :
Christian missionaries martyred at
Thana, 216.
Dynastic Lists, 311.
Delhi, 311.
Bengal, 313, 314.
Ghazni, 311.
(Spur, 311.
Kashmir, 315.
Ma'bar, 317.
Malava, 315.
Siudh, 314.
Mahmud founds empire in India,
112.
Mughals of Delhi embrace Muham-
madan faith, 207.
Reddi dynasty of Kondavidu, over-
throw, 302.
Samara defeats, 205.
Muhazzabu-d-Din, 188.
Mu'izzu-d-Din Bahram Shah of Delhi, 187.
Dynastic List, 312.
Mu'izzu-d-Din Bahram Shah of Ghazni,
139, 140.
Campaigns, 141, 144, 147, 150,
151.
Mu'izzu-d-Din Bahram Shah of Ghazni:
Dynastic List, 311.
" Kalila Damna" written for, 141.
Mu'izzu-d-DinKai-Qubad, Delhi, 196, 206.
Dynastic List, 312.
Mu'izzu-d-Din Mubarak Shah II of Delhi,
245.
Campaigns, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249,
250, 251, 252.
Death, 252.
Dynastic List, 312.
Lahor, restoration commenced, 246.
Mubarakabad founded by, 252.
Mu'izzu-d-Din Muhammad-i-Sam, 160,
172.
Campaigns, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165,
167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173,
174.
Death, 174.
Delhi, throne seized by, 172.
Dynastic List, 311.
Mujahid Shah of Kulbarga, 228, 229.
Dynastic List, 316.
" Mujmalu-t-Tawarikh," 144.
Mukunu or Mukatu, 185.
" Mukatibat Ahia Maniri," 229.
Mukbil Khan of Biyaua, 248.
Mukbil, Malik, imprisonment, 252.
Mukdul, attacked by Devaraya, 255.
Mukhtass Khan, 248.
Muktakana, 77.
" Muktaphala," 201.
Mukula, 80.
Mukundraj, 172.
Mukutesvara, 166.
Muladeva Bhuvanapala, Dynastic List, 291.
Mulahidah heretics, rising of, 186.
Mularaja I of Anhilvad, 58, 89, 97, 102,
103.
Barapa apparently related to, 98.
Dynastic List, 28*2.
Mularaja II of Anhilvad, 161, 162.
Dynastic List, 282.
Mularaja of Girnar, Dynastic List, 284.
Mulgund inscriptions, 80, 97.
" Mulhaqat," 223.
Muliasar inscription, 25.
Mulraj III, Dynastic List, 290.
Mulraja, Dynastic List, 291.
Multai, inscription, 60.
Multan, invasions and rebellions :
Aibak Khan, 212.
Ai-yitim, 181.
Alexander the Great, 8.
'AH Beg, 250.
Hasham, 67.
Husain, Shah, 272, 273.
Independence established, 80.
376
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Multan, invasions and rebellions :
Iqbal Khan, 239.
<lzzu-d-Din Balban-i-Kashlii, 193.
'Izzu-d-Din Kabir Khan-i-Ayaz,
rebellion, 185.
Kashku Khan, revolt, 217.
Khwajah Qutbu-d-Din, Bakht-yar,
visits, 184.
Mahmud, 107, 108.
Mahmud Shah, 195, 196, 197.
Mughals, 179, 191, 199, 217.
Muhallab ibn Sufra, 56.
Muhammad ibn Qasim, 60.
Muhammad ibn Tughlaq, 219.
Qarlughs, 189, 193.
Shaikh 'Ali Beg, 250.
Mumrnadi-Bhima I, Dynastic List, 295.
Mummadi-Bhima II, Dynastic List, 295.
Mummuni, Mamvani, S'ilahara, 125, 134.
Dynastic List, 303.
Munda, Dynastic List, 290.
Munisundara, author, 230, 248, 261.
MufVja, 165.
Mufija, Sinda, 132.
Mufija or Vakpati: see title Vakpati II.
Munjala, 55.
Munjaladeva, 156.
Munoli inscription, 177.
Muppaladevi, wife of Prodaraja Prola, 152.
Muppidi conquers Kafichi, 215.
Muqarrab Khan, 233, 234, 235.
Dynastic List, 285.
Muqarrabu-1-Mulk, revolt against, 232, 233.
Murad Quli Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Muralas :
Karnadeva subdues, 121.
Sindhuraja subdues, 102.
Murtada of Ahmadnagar, Dynastic List,
317.
" Muruju-1-Zahab," 93.
Murundadevi or Murundasvamini, wife of
Jayanatha, 31.
Murundas, conquered by Samudragupta, 28.
Musa ibn Ka'abu-t-Tamlnl, governor of
Sindh, 66.
Miisa ibn Yahya, governor of Sindh, 75.
Musalmans, 186, 207, 213.
Mushaka kings, subdued by Kirtivarman, 42.
Mustaghall, abolition by Firuz Shah III,
228.
Mu'tamid, Khalifah, 78, 79.
Mu'tasim Billah, Khalifah, 75.
Mu'tazid, Khalifah, 80.
Mu-to-pi, identified with Lalitaditya, 62.
Muttagi inscription, 166.
Muttai, 63.
Muwaffiq, Khalifah, 80.
Muzaffar, governor of Anhilvad, 221.
Muzaffar Shah Habshi of Bengal, defeat by
'Alau-d-Din Husain, 266.
Muzaffar Shah I of Gujarat, 220, 234.
Abdication and death, 241.
Campaigns, 234, 236, 239, 240.
Dynastic List, 316.
Muzaffar Shah II (Khalil Khan) of Gujarat,
262, 265, 269.
Campaigns, 270, 271, 272.
Daulatabad founded by, 270.
Death, 273.
Dynastic List, 316.
Isma'il Shah sends embassy to, 270.
Morasah rebuilt and fortified by,
272.
Muzaffar Shah III (Habib) of Gujarat,
Dynastic List, 316.
N.
Nadagam inscriptions, 119, 286.
Nadir 'All Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Nadiya, seized by Muhammad-i-Bakht-
yar, 169.
Nadole :
Chahamanas of, 95, 278.
Inscription, 156.
Nadupura copper-plate, 228.
Naga, grammarian, 148.
Naga or Karkota dynasty of Kashmir, Dy-
nastic List, 293.
Nagabhata, Dynastic List, 310.
JNagada inscription, 254.
Nagadatta, exterminated by Samudragupta,
28.
Nagaditya or Nagati, 116, 127.
Na^aditya or Nagatiyarasa, 159.
Naganna, defeat by Aprameya, 107. '
Nagapuriya branch of Lumpaka sect, 270.
Nagarahara, 39.
Nagarjuna, Buddhist patriarch, 24.
Nagarjuna Chaturmudranvya, commentaries
on works of, 132, 186.
Nagarjuna, S'ilahara, 125.
Dynastic List, 303.
Nagarjunadeva of Nepal, 126.
Nagarkot or Kot Kahgra :
Firiiz Shan III seizes, 226.
Mahmud despoils, 108.
Mubammad ibn Tughlaq seizes, 218.
Timur seizes, 237.
Nagarle, inscription, 95.
Nagasena, conquered by Samudragupta, 28.
Nagasimha of Gwaliar, Dynastic List, 306.
Nagaur :
Ahmad I, expedition, 243, 252.
. 'Izzu-d-Din Balban, revolt, 194.
INDEX.
377
Nagaur :
Kumbhakarna, expedition, 258, 259.
Mali mud Khalji abandons expedi-
tion, 258.
Nagavardhana, 46, 52.
Nagavarinan, Dynastic List, 292.
Daughter marries Govindaraja, 66.
Nagavarman II, Dynastic List, 292.
Nagavarmaya, 140.
Nag - oak, subdued by Muhammad ibn
Tughlaq, 220.
Nagpur prasasti and inscriptions, 121, 131,
132, 137, 143, 177.
Nagrahar, defeat of Muhammad at, 121.
Nahapana, 23.
Dynastic List, 296.
Nahar Deva, defeat by Ulugh Khan, 195.
Nahrwala : see title Anhilvad.
Nairs, rebellion, 29.
" Naishadhlyadipaka," 268.
" Naishadiya," 153.
Naka of Yelburga, Dynastic List, 304.
Nakawan, 'Alau-d-Din Jani killed at, 186.
Nakimayya, 129.
Nalanda, Buddhist monastery at, 49.
A-li-ye-po-mouo and Hoei-ye,
death at, 51.
Dharmadeva Fa-thien, S'ramana of,
97.
Hsiian Chao visits, 53.
I-tsing studies at, 56.
U-K'ong visits, 66.
Nalapura : see title Narwar.
Nalas, subdued by Kirtivarman I, 42.
Nailesiddhi, 209.
Nallur copper-plate, 229.
" Namaliriganusasana,'' 204.
" Numamala," 152.
" Namaskaxastava," 254.
Nambiiris, rebellion, 29.
Narndev or Namadeva, poet, 205.
Nami S'vetambara, 127.
Nanaghat inscriptions, 14, 24.
Nanaf, founder of the Sikhs, 261.
" Nanartharatnamala," 230.
Nanda or Ganda, 105, 113, 282.
Nandadeva or Ananda, 155.
Nandana, 148, 191.
Nandanah, Ninduna, or Nardin, captured
by Mahmud, 110.
Nandaraja Yuddhasura, copper-plate, 60.
Nandarbar, invasions of, 233, 243.
Nandas, 6.
Nandigupta of Kashmir, 96.
Dynastic List, 294.
Nandin, exterminated by Samudragupta, 28.
Nandipotavarman, Pallava, 63.
Nandishena, 208,
Nandivardhana, 6.
Nandivarman, Pallava, 63.
Dynastic List, 299.
Grants of, 52, 55.
Nandwadige inscription, 80.
jNanghana VI, Chudasama, Dynastic List,
284.
Nanika, Chandella, 75.
Dynastic List, 281.
Nanna of Saundatti, 99.
Dynastic List, 301.
Nannadeva, 70.
Nanniraja of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
"Nannul," 201.
Nanyaura, copper-plate, 123.
Nanyupa or Xanyadeva, founder of Simraon,
134.
Narachandra of Kumaun, 230.
Copper-plates, 209, 258.
Narahari, author, 189.
Narain, captured by Mahmud, 108.
Narapati, poet, 161.
" Narapatijayacharya," 161.
Narasa or Nrisimha of Vijayanagara, 269.
Dynastic List, 309.
Narasaravupeta inscription, 209.
Narasimha, king, subdued by Yishpuvar-
dhana, 140.
Narasiriiha, teacher of Chandupandita, 258.
Statue endowed by Krishnadeva, 274.
Narasimha or Darpa Narayana, 305.
Narasifhha I, Chalukya, Dynastic List, 280.
Narasimha II, Chalukya, Dynastic List, 280.
Narasiriiha I, Hoysala, 155, 159, 160.
Dynastic List,' 289.
Narasiriiha II, Hoysala, 180, 184.
Dynastic List, 289.
Narasimha III, Hoysala, 184, 196, 207.
Dynastic List, 289.
Narasiriiha of Mithila, 237, 238.
Narasimhadeva of Chedi, 154, 155, 161, 162.
Dynastic List, 293.
Narasimhadeva of Mithila, 1 94.
Narasiriihadeva of Nepal, 155.
Narasiirihagupta, 27, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40.
Dynastic List, 288.
Narasimhavarman I, 52.
Dynastic List, 299.
Pulikesin II defeated by, 46.
Narasiriihavarman II, 58.
Dynastic List, 299.
ParameSvaravarman defeats, 58.
Naravahana of Mevad, 96.
Dynastic List, 287.
Naravardhana of Thanesar, Dynastic List,
306.
Naravarman of Malava, 137, 147.
Dynastic List, 300.
378
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Naravarman of Malava (Western), 31.
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud Shah II of Bengal,
Dynastic List, 308.
265.
Naravarman of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Dynastic List, 314.
Narayan, captured by Mahniud, 108.
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud Shah I of Delhi,
Narayana, 225.
190.
Narayana, i.e. Noujeb, 302.
Bharaich governed by, 189.
Narayana- Lakskmideva, 177.
Campaigns, 191, 192, 195, 196, 198,
Narayanambika, wife of Vlra-Vijaya, 242.
Naxayanapala of Bengal, Dynastic List, 298.
199, 200.
Death, 202.
Narendra inscription, 144.
Dynastic List, 312.
Narendra of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
'Izzu-d-Din Balban, revolt, 194.
Narendradeva, 62.
Marriage with daughter of Ghiyasu-
Dyn istic List, 306.
d-Din, 192.
Narendragupta of Ganda, 45.
Qutlugh Khan and Malikah-i- Jahan,
Narendramalla of Katmandu, 262.
banishment, 197.
Narendrayasas, translator, 41.
Nasiru-d-Din Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan of
Narmada, empire of Chandragupta, 27.
Sindh, 314.
Naroji, 268.
Nasiru-d-Din Muhammad, Qarlugh :
Dynastic List, 277.
Baran governed by, 186.
Narwar :
Marriage negotiations with family of
Dynastic List, 298.
Ulugh Khan, 200.
Inscriptions, 142, 197, 207, 298,
Multan surrendered to, 200.
306.
Nasiru-d-Din Muhammad Shah: title
Ulugh Khan captures, 194.
assumed by Tatar Khan, 238.
Nasik inscription, 22.
Nasiru-d-Din Muhammad Shah of Ma'bar,
Nasir Faruqi, 233.
221, 225.
Nasir Khan of Gujarat, 273.
Dynastic List, 316.
Dynastic List, 317.
Nasiru-d-Din Nasrat Shah of Bengal, 271.
Nasir Khan of Khandesh, 237, 243, 253,
Dynastic List, 314.
255.
Nasiru-d-Din Qabachah, governor of Uchh,
Dynastic List, 316.
169, 173, 181.
Nasir Shah of Malava, 267, 269.
Dynastic List, 314.
Dynastic List, 316.
Nasiru-d-Din-i- Aetamur, slain at Andkhiid,
Nasiriah College, Delhi, 169.
173.
Nasiru-d-Din Ahmad I : see title Ahmad
Nasr I, 79, 80, 81.
Shah I of Gujarat.
Nasr II, 84, 87, 89, 90.
Nasiru-d-Din Ai-yitim, governorof Siwalikh
Nasr, general under Mahmud, 104, 105.
country, 182.
Nasrat Khan of Bidar, revolt, 221.
Nasiru-d-Din Alp-i-Ghazi, governor of
Nasrat Khan of Malava, 240, 251.
Hirat, 173.
Nasrat Khan of Sindh, 208, 209, 210.
Nasiru-d-Din Bughra Khan of Bengal, 196.
Nasrat Shah of Delhi, 234, 235, 237.
Dynastic List, 313.
Dynastic List, 312.
Nasiru-d-Din Bughra Khan of Lakhnauti,
Nasratu-d-Din of Ma'bar, Dynastic List,
205, 216.
317.
Dynastic List, 313.
Nasratu-d-Din Muhammad, governor of
Nasiru-d-Din Isma'il, Dekkan revolt, 221,
Sindh, Lahor, and Multan, 203.
222.
Nasratu-1-Mulk, 271.
Nasiru-d-Din Isma'il Fath of Ma'bar,
Nasru-llah, identical with 'Abu-1-Ma'ali,
Dynastic List, 317.
141.
Nasiru-d-Din Khusru Sjah of Delhi,
Na-thi, Nadi, or Punyopaya, texts of the
Dynastic List, 312.
Tripitaka collected by, 54.
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud, governor of Bengal,
Natta, wife of Kokkalladeva I, 79.
313.
Nausari grants and copper-plates, 48, 56,
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud, governor of Lahor,
59, 64, 85.
178, 181, 182.
Tajikas' invasion, 64.
Nasiru-d-Din Mahmud Shah I of Bengal,
Navaghana I, Chudasama, Dynastic List,
254, 256.
284.
Dynastic List, 314.
Navaghana II, 284.
INDEX.
379
Navaghana III, 284.
Xavaghana IV, 284.
Xavaghana V, 284.
Navakot Thakuris, expelled by Vamadeva,
126. *
Xavanagar, founded by Jam Raval Hala,
290.
Xavfmgavrittikrit, 126.
" Xavapaya," 110.
" Xavasahasankacharita," 92, 100.
" Xavatattva," 228.
" Xavatattvaprakarana," 143.
Xayamamba, wife of Araraa II, 90.
Xavanakelidevi, wife of Govindachandra,
141.
Xavanika, wife of S'atakarni, 14.
Nayapala of Bengal, 119, 129.
Dynastic List, 298.
Xayimma or Xayivarman, Dynastic List,
304.
Xazak Shah of Kashmir, Dynastic List,
315.
Xearkhos, 9.
X ell ore grant, 55.
Xelveli, battle, 64.
Xem Shah, ruler of Jawar, 220.
Xemichandra, 147, 153.
Xemidatta, 273.
Xepal :
Chandragupta's empire, 27.
Dynastic Lists, 296, 306.
Era, commencement, 80.
Ilarshavardhana conquers, 45.
Hsiian-t'ai's travels, 54.
Immigration into, 206.
Kalachakra system, rise of, 95.
Lichchhavis, 50, 296.
Rajput dynasty, rise of, 126.
Samudragupta's empire, 28.
Somesvara III subdues, 144.
Tao-sheng dies in, 53.
Thakuris, Dynastic List, 306.
Neriin Muhammad ibn Qasim, expedition, 60.
Xerur inscriptions, 44, 46, 54, 59, 63.
Xesargi inscription, 171.
Xew Musalmans :
Delhi settlement, 207.
Massacre by 'Alau-d-Din, 213.
Nial-Tigin, rebellion, 110.
Xidagundi inscription, 130.
Nikaia, Alexander the Great at, 7, 8.
Xikumbha of Khandesh, Dynastic List, 298.
Xllaraja, conquered by Samudragupta, 28.
Ximbadevarasa, 138.
Ximbavnna, battle, 64.
Xiralgi inscription, 129.
Xiravadvapandita, 57.
''Nirayavali,'' 156.
Nirbhaya of Xepal, 107-
Xirgrantha sect : see title Jaina sect.
Xirgund inscription, 122.
Xirjitivarman of Kashmir, 86.
Dynastic List, 294.
Xirpan grants, 46, 52.
Xirupaksha II of Vijayanagara, 264.
Xirvana-sutra, translation, 30.
Xishapur :
Abu Ibrahim seizes, 105.
Ghiyasu-d-Din, expedition, 172.
Mahmud seizes, 104.
Mansur's rebellion, 84.
Mubammad-i-Takish seizes, 172.
Saljuqs receive tracts about, 119.
Tughril receives, from Mas'ud, 117.
Xi^sankamalla Sankama, Dynastic List, 293.
Xitimarga, 81, 82, 84.
Xizam Shah of Kulbarga, 260.
Dynastic List, 317.
Nizam Shahi dynasty, 317.
Foundation, 265.
Xizamu-d-Din, 206.
Xizamu-d-Din Aulia, 186, 210, 217.
Contemporaries of, 218, 229.
Xizamu-1-Mulk, governor of Ahmadnagar,
270.
Xohala, wife of Keyuravarsha-Yuvarajadeva,
87.
Xolamba - Pallava - Bommanayya, Pallava,
120.
Xolambadhiraja Pallava, 81.
Nojambavadi, conquered by Marasimha, 94.
Xonalla, wife of Ratnaraja, Dynastic List,
293.
Xrisiniha, 134.
Xrisimha of Vijayanagara, 269.
Dynastic List, 309.
Xrisimhadeva II, inscription, 208.
Xrivarman, 197.
Dynastic List, 298.
Xuh, governor of Samrqand, 73.
Xuh 1, Samani, 90, 92.
Xuh II, Samani, 95, 98, 101, 103.
"Xuh Sipehr," 196.
Xulambapadi, conquered by Raj araja, 100.
Xurmadi-Taila III of Kalyana, Dynastic
List, '279.
Xuru-d-Din, slays Shihabu-dDin, 235.
Xush-Tigin, slays Tughril, 124.
Xushirvan, 41.
Xusratu-d-Din, Sher Khan-i-Sunqar, 200.
Xusratu-d-DinTa-yasa'i of Oudh, 1S4, 185.
Xu-yin Salin, invasion of Uchh and Multan,
198 199
"Xya'yakandali," 101,223.
" XvavakumudHchandrodaya," 72.
" Xyayamala," 223.
380
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
" Nyayasara," 195.
"Nvayasaravichara," 195.
' ' Ny ayavinischaya,' ' 68.
Nysaians, conquered by Alexander the
Great, 7.
0.
Observatory, built by Firuz Shah, 240.
Oddas or Odras, conquered by Rajendra-
Chola I, 106.
Oghadeva, 31.
Dynastic List, 307.
" Oghaniryukti," 223.
Ommana-udaiyar, 228.
Omphis, submission to Alexander the Great,
7,8.
Orangal :
Dynastic List, Kakatiyas, 292.
Malik Kafur besieges, 212.
Name changed to Sultanpur by
Fakhru-d-Din, 216.
Oreitai, subjugated by Alexander the
Great, 9.
Orissa :
Mughal invasion, 257.
Muhammad Shah III subdues, 261.
Rajendra-Choia I conquers, 106.
Ormus, captured by Albuquerque, 268.
Or5des I, coin of, 20.
Orthagnes, 19, 20.
Ossadioi, conquered by Alexander the
Great, 9.
Oudh:
Mahmud Shah, expedition, 198.
Muhammad Shah, rebellion, 185.
Sanjar i-Gurait Khan defeats Hindus
in, 189.
Oxyartes, governor of the Paropamisos, 10.
Oxydrakai, conquered by Alexander the
Great, 8.
Oxvkanos, attacked by Alexander the
Great, 9.
P.
" Padachandrika," 250.
Padavedu, temple inscription, 247,
" Paddhati," S'arhgadhara author of, 226.
Padjung, visits Tibet, 65.
Padma, 72.
Padma Sambhava, 65.
Padmadeva, identical with Pradyumna-
kamadeva, 126.
Padmagupta or Parimala, poet laureate, 100.
Padmamandiragani, author, 266.
" Padmanabhakavyam," 187.
Padmanabhayya, governor of Banavasi
district, 135.
" Padmananda," 182.
Padmapala, 133.
Dynastic List, 291.
" Padmapurana," 55.
Padmaraja, poet, 148.
Padmarasa, 154.
Padmasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Padmasuri, 202.
Padmavati or Padmaladevi, wife of Karta-
vlrya III, 149.
Paganavaran grant, 88.
Paithan copper-plate and grant. 69, 167, 204.
" Paiyalachchhl," 92, 96.
Pakoros, 19.
' ' Pakshikasutravritti, " 143.
Pala dynasty of Bengal, Dynastic List, 298.
Pala-Rathor dynasty of Budaun, List, 299.
Paladeva, 148.
Palalva, 180.
Palanpur inscription, 181.
Palembang in Sumatra, 56.
Pali, conquered by Mugdhatunga-Prasiddha-
dhavala, 82.
Pallavadhiraja, 81.
Pallavaditya-oS'olambadhiraja,inscription,94.
Pallavas :
Dynastic List, 299.
Govinda III subdues, 69,
Kirtivarman II subdues, 65.
Marasirhha conquers, 94.
Pulikesin attacks, 46.
Vikramaditya I, rebellion against, 54.
Vikramaditya II defeats, 63.
Vinayaditya subdues, 57.
Pammava, 90.
Pampa or Hampa, poet, 83, 90.
Dynastic List taken from, 280.
Pampur, built by Padma, 72.
"Pancha-Raksha," 119.
" Panchadandatapachattrabandha," 253.
Panchaladeva, 97.
" Panchalingaprakarana," 154.
^Pancharaksha," 298.
Panchasar, 58.
" Pafichasatiprabodhasambandha," 261.
" Pafichasiddhantika," 38.
' ' PafLchatan tra , " transl ation ,41.
Panda of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Pandion or Poros, embassy to Augustus, 19.
Pandit Chandranatha, 113.
Pandita Kamesvara, Thakur, Raja, Dy-
nastic List, 305.
Pandya country :
Achugi defeats king of, 130, 143.
Chola king receives, 18U.
INDEX.
381
Pandya country :
Kakkala conquers, 96.
Karnadeva subdues, 121.
Kirtivarman subdues, 42.
PulikeSin II invades, 46.
Eavivarman subdues, 203.
Vichana subdues, 186.
Yikramaditya I, rebellion against, 54.
Vikraniaditya II subdues, 63.
Yinayaditya subdues, 57.
Vimpaksha conquers, 230.
Vishnuvardhana subdues, 140.
Pandyadevarasa, Kadainba, 160.
Pangu, title given to Nirjitavarman, 86.
Panini, grammarian, 7, 49, 68.
Panipat :
Humayun Khan defeated at, 232.
Ibrahim II of Delhi defeated at, 273.
Iqbal Khan, expedition, 235.
Mahmud Shah, expedition, 191.
Timur, expedition, 236.
Panjab, The :
Afghan raid, 220.
Alexander the Great in, 8.
Coins found in, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20.
Demetrios conquers, 13.
Eudemos seizes, 10.
Gak'kar raid, 220.
Mughal invasions, 205, 209.
Philip murdered in, 9.
Parijas of Mithila, Genealogical Table from,
3(>5.
Pantaenus of Alexandria, mission to India,
25.
Pantaleon, 14.
Parakesarivarman or Vikrama Choda, Dy-
nastic List, 283.
Parakesarivarman Adhirajendradeva, Chola,
Dynastic List, 283.
Parakesarivarman Rajendradeva, 127, 128.
Dynastic List, 283.
Parakesarivarman, Vira-Rajendradeva II,
Tribhuvanaviradeva, identical with Ku-
lottuhga Chodadeva II, 144.
Paramaras of Malava, 74, 148.
Dynastic List, 300.
Paramardideva, Chalukya, identical with
Yikramaditya VI, 127.
Paramardideva, Chandella, 158, 164, 177.
Dynastic List, 282.
Inscription, 170.
Paramartha, 41.
" Paramesastotravali," 87.
Paramesvara or Paramesvaravarman I, 52,
54, 55, 58.
Dynastic List, 299.
Paramesvaravarman II, 58, 63.
Dynastic List, 299.
Parammadeva, Dynastic List, 310.
Parantaka I, 82, 89, 91.
Dynastic List, 283.
Parantaka II : see title Raj endra- Chola I.
Parasikas, king of, tributary to Vinayaditya,
57.
Parbattia Kunria, Dynastic List, 276.
Pardi copper-plate, 34.
Parel inscription, 164.
Parihars of Mahoba, overthrown by Nanika,
75.
Parihasapura, battle of, 136.
Parimala or Padmagupta, 100.
Parisasetti, governor of Hagarattage district,
187.
Paritakai, invasion by Alexander the Great, 7.
Parivrajaka Maharajas, Dynastic List, 300.
Pariyala, battle of, 52.
Parla-Kimedi, copper-plate, 119, 131.
Parnadatta, governor of Surashtra, 33.
Paropamisos, The, Seleukos' treaty with
Chandragupta, 11.
" Parsvabhyudaya, " 71.
Partab Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Partha of Kashmir, 83, 86, 88.
Dynastic List, 294.
Parufijoti, author, 123.
Parvagupta of Kashmir, 91.
Dynastic List, 294.
Pasachandra sect, rise of, 270.
Pasargadai, Alexander the Great passes
through, 10.
Patala, Alexander the Great at, 9.
Pataliputra :
Aryabhata born at, 134.
Asoka crowned at, 11.
Buddhist council, 12.
Chandragupta marries princess of, 27.
Dharmapala at, 75.
Fa-hien's travels, 29.
Maurya dynasty (see that title) .
Shih Ch'-Mang's travels, 30.
Patafijali, author, 17.
Patiala, Iqbal Khan victorious at, 238.
Patika, 17.
" Patimokkha " of the Mahasahghikas,
translation, 25.
Patna, :
College, 176.
Inscription, 175.
Patrakesarin or Vidyananda, 72.
Pattadakal :
Inscriptions, 59, 63, 157.
Temple of S'iva, 59.
Patu, poet, 148.
Pau copper-plate, 267.
Paumamivakapaksha, foundation of, 137.
"Paushadhavidhi," 138.
382
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Pedda-Maddali, grant from, 50.
Piplianagar copper-plate and grant, 162,
Pehoa inscription, 77.
177.
Peithon, governor of Cis- Indian territory,
Par Muhammad, 234, 235.
10.
Pirl or Pirey, governor of Ghazni, 97.
Perdikkas, subdued by Abastanoi, 8.
Dynastic List, 311.
Perma-.Tagadekamalla 11, 143.
Pithapuram :
Permadi, Jimutavahana, governor of Basa-
Eastern Chalukyas of, 172, 280.
vura district, 142.
Inscriptions, 86, 165, 170, 172, 295,
Permadi, Kalachuri, 145.
309.
Dynastic List, 293.
Pittuga, 99.
Permadi I, Sinda of Yelburga, 141, 142, 144,
Dynastic List, 301.
150.
Plague in Southern Asia, 116.
Dynastic List, 304.
Poailli inscription, 58.
Permadi II, Sinda of Yelburga, Dynastic
Point de Galle, capture by Portuguese,
List,' 304.
271.
Permadi or Paramardi, Sivachitta, Kadamba
Polasinda, 127.
of Goa, 150.
Polavasa, conquered by Eudra, 157.
Permanadi-Marasimha: see title Satyavakya-
Poliya (Prole or Prolaya) Vema Reddi,
Kongunivarman-Permanadi-Marasimha.
Dynastic List, 302.
Persia :
Po-lo-ho, embassy to China, 92.
'Abdu-llah proclaimed ruler of, 74.
Ponnambala, daughter of Vlra-Somesvara,
Embassy from Pulikesin II, 48.
184.
Provinces south of Oxus captured by
Poros, 8, 10.
White Huns, 34.
Portuguese empire in India :
Eaya Siharas defeated by king of, 37.
Albuquerque founder of, 268, 271.
Tribes subject to, 5.
Malik Ayaz defeats Portuguese at
Yazdijard era, commencement, 50.
Chand, '269.
Yazdijard defeated by 'Abdu-llah, 53.
Pedro Alvarez Cabral, voyage of,
Persian dictionary compiled by Badr
Muhammad of Delhi, 244.
267.
Point de Galle and Colombo,
Perumaledeva Eaiittaraya or Javanike-
acquisition, 271.
Narayana, 197.
Ternate, expulsion from, 274.
Peruvalanallur, 55.
Vasco da Gama, voyage, 266.
Peshawar :
Potarasa, 154.
Kidara establishes his son at, 32.
Poura, Alexander the Great at, 9.
Mahmud's victories, 105, 107.
Poygai temple inscription, 178.
Mughal invasion, 179.
Poysalesvara temple inscription at Kanna-
Sabuk-Tigin places governor at, 101.
nur, 204.
Sung Yun visits, 39.
" Prabandhachintamani," 210.
Peter (Christian missionary), martyrdom at
" Prabandhakosa," 223.
Thana, 216.
Prabhuchandra, 202.
Peukelaotis, conquered by Alexander the
Prabhakaradeva, 83.
Great, 7.
Prabhakaramitra, translator, 48.
Peyiya-Sahani, 166.
Prabhakaravardhana of Thanesar, 43.
Phalguna inscription, 99.
Dynastic List, 306.
Phatu of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Prabhanandasuri, author, 218.
Philip, murdered in the Panjab, 9.
Prabhanjana, Dynastic List, 300.
Phiioxenes, 15.
" Prabharakacharita," 202.
Phula of Kachh, Dynastic List, 290.
Prabhavatigupta, wife of Eudrasena, 308.
Phulesvari, Dynastic List, 276.
Prabhumerudeva, Dynastic List, 276.
Phulwariya inscription, 158.
" Prabodhachandrodaya," 133.
Piawan inscription, 118.
Prachanda, 84.
Piduvaraditya or Malla II of Yelanandu,
Dynastic List, 309.
" Pradesavyakhyatippanaka " on the
" Avasyakasutra," 156.
Pi-lo-mi-lo, 32.
Pradhaman Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Pilu, Malik, Dynastic List, 285.
Pradiyumnasuri, 202.
** Pindavisuddhidviprakarana," 138.
Pradyumnakamadeva of Nepal, 126.
" Pingalachhandashtika," 100.
Prajfia, translator, 68.
INDEX.
383
Prajfiaruclii, translator, 41.
Prakasamati, identical with Hsiian Chao, 53.
Prakata, S'aiva philosopher, 148.
Prakataditya, inscription, 36.
" Prakriyakaumudi," 257.
" Pramana-Samuchchaya," 39.
Pramar dynasty, Man'morl last of, 63.
Pramathasimha, Dynastic List, 276.
Pramathesvaridevi, Dynastic List, 276.
Pramiti, translator, 60.
Prfmamalla, 262.
Prarjunas, empire of Samudragupta, 28.
Prasantaraga-Dadda II, Dynastic List, 289.
PraSasta's " Prasastabhashya," commentary
on, 101.
Prasastapada, 195.
Prasenajit, 6.
" Prasnottara-ratnamalika," 72.
"Prasnottarasataka," 138.
" Prasnottararatnamala," 228.
Pratapa I of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Pratapa II of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Pratapachandra of Kumaun, 260.
Pratapadhavala, inscription, 158.
rrataparudradeva I or Rudra, of Orangal,
157.
Dynastic List, 292.
Prataparudradeva II of Orangal, 208, 209,
212, 216, 217.
Dynastic List, 292.
" Prataparudrayasobhushana," or "Prata-
parudriya," 213.
Pratapasimha or Svarganarayan, 275 (note).
" PratikramanasHmacharl," 138.
" Pratikramanavidhi," 257.
" Pratyabhijfiasutra," 87.
" Pratyabhijnavimarsini, brihati vritti,"
102.
Pratyabijna. system, S'aiva philosophy, intro-
duction. 82.
Pratyandaka, king of, defeated by Bhillama,
165.
" Pratyekabuddhacharitra," 174.
11 Pravachanasaratika," 83.
" Pravachanasaroddhara," 165.
Pravarasena I, Dynastic List, 307.
Pravarasena II, Dynastic List, 308.
Prayaga, conference at, 45, 49.
Prayaga of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Prithivlbhata, Chahamana, 157.
Dynastic List, 277.
Prithivipala of Nadole, Dynastic List, 278.
Prithivipati I, Ganga, 73.
Pritbivipati II, Ganga, 82.
Prithivisena, 25.
Dynastic List, 296.
rritbivivarmadeva, Chandella, Dynastic List,
282.
Prithivivyaghra of Nishadha, 64.
Pritbivyapida, D^rnastic List, 294.
Pritbvi of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Prithvideva I or Prithvi^a, 139.
Dynastic List, 293.
Prithvideva II, 158.
Dynastic List, 293.
Prithvideva III, 166.
Dynastic List, 293.
Prithvimula, grant of, 55.
"Prithviraj Rasau," 166.
Prithviraja I of AjmTr, 146, 152.
Dynastic List, 277.
Prithviraja II of Ajmir, 159, 164, 166,
167, 168.
Dynastic List, 277.
" Prithviraj avijaya," 257.
Prithvirama of Saundatti, 78.
Dynastic List, 301.
Inscription, 79.
Prithvlsvara of Velanandu, 165.
Dynastic List, 309.
Prithvivarman, 145.
Prodaraja, 152, 157.
Dynastic List, 292.
Prola, 228.
Prolaraja, 152, 155.
Ptolemy Philadelphos, 9, 11, 12.
Pugalvippavar-Ganda or Vijayaditya II,
Dynastic List, 276.
Pujyapada or Devanandin, 57.
Pulad, '249, 250, 251, 252.
Pulakesln of Vardhamana, 84.
Pula^akti, 77.
Dynastic List, 303.
Pulikala, 127.
Pulikesin I, Chalukya, 42, 44.
Dynastic List, 278.
Pulikesin II, Chalukya, 44, 45, 46, 48, 51,
54.
Dynastic List, 278.
Inscriptions, 47, 59.
Pullasakti or Pulasakti, 76.
Pulumayi, Vasishtlputra, 23.
" Punchasiddhantika," 43.
Puni or Puran Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Punja, Raja of Idar, 249.
Punpal, Dynastic List, 290.
Punyalara, translator, 30.
Punyopaya, identical with Na-thi, 54.
Puppa, wife of YaSovarman, 86.
Pura or Puvara, Gahani, Dynastic List, 290.
Puragupta or Sthiragupta, 35.
Dynastic List, 288.
Purandharasimha, Dynastic List, 276.
Puravacheri inscription, 156.
Purbandar, capture of, 68.
Purl, reduced by Pulikesin II, 46.
384
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Purnamalla, defeated by Visaladeva, 189.
Purnavamian, king of Western Magadha,
43.
" Purushapariksha," 237.
Purushottama, 147.
Punish ottamadeva of Orissa. 265.
Purushottamasiriiha, inscriptions, 159, 161.
Purva of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Pushyamitra, founder of S'ufiga dynasty,
14.
Pushy amitr as, conquered by Skandagupta,
33.
Puvara Gahani, ruler of Kachh, 223.
Q.
Qabachah, 176.
Jalalu-d-Din Mang-barnI, defeats,
179, 180.
Malik Khan defeated by, 181.
Shamsu-d-Dln Altamsh defeats, 178,
181.
Taju-d-Din Ilduz defeats, 177.
Qadr Khan, 107, 114, 116.
Qadr Khan, governor of LakhnautT, 217.
Qadr Khan ibn Dilawar Khan, 244.
Qandahar :
Babar's invasion, 270, 271.
Coins found in, 14, 15, 20.
Qara-Qash of Biyana, imprisonment, 188.
Qara-Qash Amir-i-Hajib, 188.
Qara-Qash Khan of Multan, 186.
Qara-Tigin, governor of Hirat, 87, 90.
Qaramitah of Multan, 161.
Qarlughs, invasion of Multan, 189, 193:
see also titles of Qarlugh leaders.
Qasim I of Bidar, 266, 268.
Dynastic List, 318.
Qasim II of Bidar, Dynastic List, 318.
Qaya Khan, embassy to Mahmud, 114.
Qiramitah heretics, rising against Musul-
mans of Delhi, 186.
" Qiranu-s-Saldain," 196, 206.
Quhistan, attacked by Mu'izzu-d-Din, 172.
Quilon :
Friar Jordanus, Roman Catholic
bishop of, 217.
Rajaraja conquers, 100.
Quli, Sultan of Golkonda, Dynastic List,
318.
Qutb Minarah, Delhi, 184.
Qutb Shah or Qutbu-d-Din of Gujarat, 257,
258, 259.
Dynastic List, 316.
Qutb Shahis of Golkonda, Dynastic List,
318.
Qutbi Masjid, Delhi, completion, 171.
Qutbu-d-Din of Gujarat: see title Qutb
Shah.
Qutbu-d-Din of Kashmir, Dynastic List, 315.
Qutbu-d-Din Eiruz Shah of Ma'bar, 219.
Dynastic List, 317.
Qutbu-d-Din Husain, 188, 197.
Qutbu-d-Din I-bak of Delhi, 174.
'Ali-i-Mardan flees to, 175.
Campaigns, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174,
175.
Death, 176, 183.
Dynastic List, 311.
Marriage with daughter of Taju-d-
Din Ilduz, 170.
Qutbu-d-Din Mahmud Langah of Multan,
256, 261.
Qutbu-d-Din Mubarak Shah I of Delhi,
214, 215.
Dynastic List, 312.
Qutbu-d-Din, Sayyid, treachery of , 198.
Qutbu-l-'Alim, Shaikh Burhan, 231.
Qutlugh Khan Mas'ud-i-Jani or Jalalu-d-
Din Mas'ud Shah of Bengal, 192, 197,
198, 199.
Dynastic List, 313.
Qutlugh Khan, governor of Daulatabad,
221, 222.
Qutlugh Khwajah, leader of Mughal
expedition against Delhi, 210.
R.
Ra Dyas or Dyachh, Dynastic List, 283.
Racha Vehka Reddi, Dynastic List, 302.
Rachamalla, death of, 91.
Rachamalla, Western Gahga, 1 56.
Rachchagahga, 94.
Rachhyamalla, subdued by Krishna III, 89.
Rachias, embassy to Rome, 20.
Radda, 138.
Dynastic List, 294.
" Radha'S'udha Nidhi," 267.
Radha Yallabhis, founded by Hari Vans
Hit Ji, 267.
Radhanpur copper-plate and grant, 69, 70.
Radupati, lord of, conquered by S'ri-
Harshadeva, 92.
" Raghavapandaviya, " 146, 154.
Raghunathatirtha, 255.
" Raghuvanisapanjika," 87.
Raghuvaryatirtha, " high priest, 267.
Rahada, wife of Lakshmanarajadeva, 92.
Rahan copper-plate, 138.
Rahappa, conquered by Krishna I, 67.
Rahib, Trilochanapala defeated at, 112.
Rahila, Chandella, 82.
Dynastic List, 281.
INDEX.
385
Rahulamitra, high priest, 56.
Rai Firuz Mavlu, 249, 250.
Rai Kamalu-d-Din, 234.
Rai Lakhmanlah, 168.
Raiwan copper-plate, 146.
Raja, Malik, governor of Khandesh, 227,
233, 237.
Dynastic List, 316.
Raja Kans, 240, 241, 243.
Raja Kenghan (Khangara V), 243, 284.
Raja Mai of Idar, 270, 271.
Rajah, 212.
Rajab Nadira, Malik, 248, 249.
Rajaditya, Chola, 89, 91.
Dynastic List, 283.
Rajagi or S'riraja of Seunadesa, Dvnastic
List, 310.
Rajagriha:
Ajatasatru, founder of New Raja-
griha, 6.
Asanga dies at, 35..
Buddhist council, 6.
I-tsing visits, 56.
KMravela attacks, 16.
Rajakesarivarman, Jayafikonda - Chola,
Dynastic List, 283.
Rajakesarivarman Ylra - Rajendradeva I,
127, 283.
Rajalladevi, wife of Jayastithimalla, 230.
Rajamalla of Mevad, 265, 269.
Dynastic List, 287.
Rajamalla or Rachamalla, 99.
" Rajamartanda'' on the " YogaSastra,"
109.
Rajamartanda, Chalukya of Pithapuram,
Dynastic List, 280.
Rajamayva, slain by Chalukya-Bhima II,
88. "
" Rajamrigankakarana," 109.
Rajanaka or Ratnakara Vagisvara, 75.
Rajanakas of Kiragrama, Dynastic List, 295.
Rajaparendu I, Dynastic List, 295.
Rajaparendu II, Dynastic List, 295.
Rajapuri, attacked by Sussala, 141.
Rajar Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Rajaraja, Later Gahga of Kalinga, 128,
130, 131.
Dynastic List, 286.
Rajaraja the Grpt, alias Rajasraya or
Rajakesarivarman Chola, 100, 105.
Aprameya, an officer under, 107.
Dynastic List, 283.
Rajaraja I, Eastern Chalukya, 112.
Dynastic List, 2M>.
Rajaraja II, Viceroy of Yeiigl, 130. '
Rajarajadeva II, 144.
Rajas, allied, assembly at S'rinagar, 133.
Rajas of Assam, Dynastic List, 275.
Rajasekarasuri, author, 223.
Rajasekhara of Vijayanagara, 263.
Dynastic List, 309.
Rajasekhara, poet, 82, 83.
Rajasimha (Bikanlr Raj), Dynastic List,
277.
Rajasimha I of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Rajasimha II of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Rajasimha, Pandya, conquered by Paran-
taka I, 82.
RajaSraya or Rajakesarivarman Chola : see
title Rajaraja the Great:
Rajasundari, wife of Anantavarman Choda-
gangadeva, 130.
Rajasundari, wife of Rajaraja, 128.
" Rajatarangini," 151, 257.*
" Rajavallabhamandana," 254.
Rajendra - Choda I, Vikrama - Rudra,
Dynastic List, 295.
Rajendra- Chola I, 105, 111.
Daughter marries Rajaraja I, 112,
128.
Dynastic List, 283.
Sister marries Yimaladitya, 110.
Rajendra- Chola II or Kulottunga Chola-
deva I, 125," 128, 129.
Chola crown seized by, 128.
Dynastic Lists, 280, 283.
Poem describing conquest of Kalinga,
139
Sons of, 130, 131, 138.
" Rajendrakamapura," 136.
RaVjendravarman, 131.
RajesVarasimha, Dynastic List, 276.
Raji of Kalyana, 58, 89, 282.
Raji, widow of Puvara, Gahani, 223.
Rajim, grant and inscription, 70, 150.
Rajor inscription, 93.
Rajput or Second Thakuri dynasty, founded
by Yamadeva, 126.
Rajputana, Western, annexed by Chashtana,
23.
Rajuvula or Rafijubula, 17.
Rajyamati, wife of Jayadeva II, 66.
Rajyapala of Bengal, Dynastic List, 298.
RaJ'yapala of Kanauj, 105, 113, 114, 291.
Rajyapaladeva of Kanauj, Dynastic List,
285.
Rajyapaladeva, copper-plate of, 149.
Rajyasri, wife of Grahavarman, 43, 44, 49.
Rajyavardhana of ThaneSar, 43, 44, 45.
Dynastic List, 306.
Rajyavardhana II of Thanesar, Dynastic
List, 306.
Rajyavati, wife of Dharmadeva, 60.
Rama, prasastis composed by, 71.
Rama or Ramanatha, Hoysala, defeated by
Sundara- Pandya, 194.
25
386
THE CHRONOLOGY OE INDIA.
Rama, Rajanaka of Kiragrama, Dynastic
Ranmal or Ranamalla, governor of Rama-
List, 295.
raj ay a, 59.
Rama, Samanta, 165.
Rannadevi, wife of Dharmapala of Bengal,
Rama Shahi of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
75.
306.
Rantambhor :
Rama of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
'Alau-d-Din, invasion, 210, 211.
Rama, Yadava, Gujarat expedition, 176.
Firuz Shah II, invasion, 207.
Ramabhadra or Ramadeva of Kanauj, 77.
Ulugh Khan, invasion, 195.
Dynastic Lists, 296, 310.
Rami, defeat and death, 252.
Ramabhadra of Mithila, 266.
Rao Ganga, Dynastic List, 297.
Dynastic List, 305.
Rao Jodha, 297.
Ramabhatta, 195.
Rao Maldeo, 297.
Ramachandra, author, 253, 257.
Rao Suja, 297.
Ramachandra, grant of, 167.
Raos of* Marvad or Jodbpur, Dynastic List,
Ramacbandra or Ramadeva of Devagiri,
297.
204, 208, 209, 212.
Rapri, captured by Mubarak Shah, 249.
Dynastic List, 310.
" Rasakallola," 265.
Ramachandracharya, author, 257.
Rashldu-d-Dln, author, 213.
Ramachandratirtha, high priest, 229.
Rashldu-d-Dln 'All of Gwaliar, 169.
" Ramacharita," 76.
Rashtrakutas :
Ramadeva, author, 140.
Belgaun and Kaladgi districts, feuda-
Ramadeva or Ramabhadra : see title
tories under, 72.
Ramabhadra of Kanauj.
Bharoch kingdom, conquest, 32.
Ramadeva or Ramachandra : see title Rama-
Chalukya feudatories, Dynastic List,
chandra of Devagiri.
280.
Ramadeva, Kalachuri, 238.
Chalukyas, war with, 65, 69, 70, 81,
Ramadeva or Ramaraja, 187.
97.
Ramadevi, wife of Jayasvamin, 31.
Dekkan, power in, established by
Dynastic List, 307.
Dantidurga, 66.
Ramakantha, 94.
Dynastic Lists, 280, 300, 301.
Ramanatha, 197.
Gujarat Rathors, 32, 69, 71, 81, 301.
Ramanuja, reformer, 145.
Indra founds second branch of
Ramapala, author, 132.
dynasty, 69, 71.
Ramapala of Bengal, 131.
Krishna II recovers Gujarat, 81.
Dynastic List, 298.
Lata province seized by, 71.
Ramaraja or Ramadeva, 187.
Marasiihha attempts restoration of
Ramasimha, 134.
Rashtrakuta sovereignty, 94.
Dynastic List, 297.
Multai copper-plates, 60.
Ramyadeva. Vaidika, 148.
Ran Mai, Raja of ldar, rebellion, 242.
S'ilaharas of Northern Konkan
feudatory to, 73.
Ranaka inscription, 182.
Tailapa overthrows, 97.
Ranamala, 249.
Vengi reconquered from, 81.
Ranapura inscription, 254.
" Rasikasanjivinl," 177.
Ranaraga, Chalukya, 40, 41.
Rata Rayadhan, Dynastic List, 290.
Ratana Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Dynastic List, 278.
Ranarangabhima, 105.
Ranarasika,destroyedbyParame&varavarman,
Rathors or Gaharwars of Kanauj, 134, 171.
Dynastic List, 285.
55.
Rathors or Rashtrakutas of Gujarat: see
Ranarnava of Kalinga, Dynastic List, 286.
under title Rashtrakutas.
Ranas of Purbandar, modern representatives
Ratnachinta, translator, 58.
of Jethva clan, 64.
Ratnadeva, translator, 218.
Ranavigraha, 80.
Ratnadeva II, Dynastic List, 293.
Ranavira of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Ranbal of Kabul, 59.
Ratnadeva III, 163, 166.
Dynastic List, 293.
Ranganatha inscriptions, 184, 194, 196,
Ratnaditya of Anhilvad, 86, 88.
199, 203.
Dynastic List, 282.
Rangpur, built by Rudrasimha, 276.
Ratnajvotirmalla of Nepal, 232.
Ranjitsimha, Dynastic List, 291.
" Ratnakara," 214.
INDEX.
387
Ratnakara, or Rajanaka Ratnakara VagiS-
Reddi chiefs of Kondavidu :
vara, 75.
Dynastic List, 302.
Ratnamalla of Nepal, dynasty founded
by,
Overthrow, 248.
262.
Ren copper -plate of Govindachandra of
"Ratnamalu," 183.
Kanauj, 146.
Ratnamati, translator, 38.
Revakantha, Baroch kingdom, 32.
Ratnapala, 197.
Revarasa, 124.
Dynastic List, 295.
Revarasa or Revana, 165.
Ratnaprabhasuri, author, 164.
Revatidvipa, conquered by MangaliSa, 44.
Ratnaprabhasuri, teacher of Lakshmmivasa,
Rewa copper -plates, 161, 170, 186, 188.
259.
Dynastic List from, 292.
Ratnapura :
Ribal, 93.
Dynastic List, 293.
Rinmal, Dynastic List, 297.
Inscriptions, 139, 150, 166.
Rishabhadatta, 23.
Ratnaraja Ratnadeva I, Dynastic List, 293.
" Rishabhapafichasika," 96.
Ratnasekharasuri, author, 227, 238.
1 ' Rishimandalaprakarana , " 266.
Ratnasirhha (Bikanir Raj), Dynastic List,
" Ritusamhara," 47.
277.
Rizqu-llah Mushtaqi, author, 266.
Ratnasirhha, Buddhist scholiast, 49,
53,
Rock Aornos, captured by Alexander the
56.
Great, 7.
Ratnasimha of Chitor, 211, 237.
Rock of Khorienes, captured by Alexander
Ratnasirhha of Mevad, 274.
the Great, 7.
Dynastic List, 287.
Roh, coins found at, 15.
"Ratnavali," 152.
Rohtak, besieged by Khizr Khan, 241, 242.
Ratta chiefs of Saundatti, 79.
Rohtas inscription, Dynastic List from, 306.
Belgaum, district round, seized
by.
Rozi, abolition by Firuz Shah III, 228.
166.
Rudra, part ruler in Nepal, 110. i
Dynastic List, 301.
Rudra or Prataparudradeva I, Kakatiya of
Lakshmideva, last of, 182.
Orangal, 157.
Vichana humbles, 186.
Dynastic List, 292.
Rattapadi :
Rudra, lord of the Tailangas, defeated by
Rajaraja conquers, 100.
Jaitugi I, 167.
Rajendra-Chola I conquers, 106.
Rudra Chand of Kumaun, Dynastic List,
Rattaraja, S'ilahara, 108.
281.
Dynastic List, 304.
Riidrabhatta or Rudrata Satananda, 77, 127.
Rattehalli inscription, 204.
" Ranza'tu-1-Insha," 263.
Rudradaman, 24, 25.
Dynastic List, 296.
" Ranzatu-s-Safa," 252.
Rudradatta Pant of Almora, Dynastic List
Eavaleyanayaka, 155.
from, 281.
Ravikirti, poet, 47.
Rudradeva, exterminated by Samudragupta,
Ravishena, author, 55.
28.
Ravivarman, Sangramadhira orKulasekhara-
Rudradeva, Anamkond inscription, 152.
deva, 203.
Rudradeva, part ruler in Nepal, 107.
Rawal Tej Singh, 203.
Rudrama or Rudramadevi, 183, 199, 208.
Rawar, defeat of Dahir at, 60.
Dynastic List, 292.
Raya dynasty of Sindh, 37, 50.
Mahadeva, a contemporary, 201.
Rayadeva or Rayadevarasa, governor
of
Rudrapalliyakharatarasakha, founded by
Ik'lvola country, 171.
Padmachandra, 151.
Rayadhan of Kachh, Dynastic List, 290
Rtidrasena I, Kshatrapa, 25, 26.
Rayamukuta, author, 250.
Dynastic List, 296.
Rayapala, Dynastic List, 297.
Rayasimha, Dynastic List, 277.
Rudrasena II, Kshatrapa, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Raypur inscription, 238.
Rudrasena I, Yakataka Maharaja, Dynastic
Razlu-1-Mulk 'Izzu-d-Dm Durmash
[,
List, 307.
death, 196.
Rudrasena II, Vakataka Maharaja, Dynastic
Raziyyat of Delhi, 185, 186, 187.
List, 308.
Dynastic List, 312.
Rudrasena III, Vakataka Maharaja, Dy-
Rechanayya, 163.
nastic List, 308.
388
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Rudrasimha I, Kshatrapa, 25, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Rudrasimha II, Kshatrapa, 27.
Dynastic List, 296.
Rudrasimha III, Kshatrapa, 29.
Dynastic List, 296.
Rudrasimha, Raja of Assam, Dynastic List,
276.
Rudrata Satananda, 77, 127.
Ruh ibn Hatim, governor of Sindh, 68.
Rukh Mirza Shah, 250.
Rukn Chand, conspiracy and death, 231.
Ruknu-d-Din, Ulugh Khan's expedition
against, 209.
Ruknu-d-Din Barbak Shah of Bengal, 260.
Dynastic List, 314.
Ruknu-d-Din Firiiz Shah of Delhi, 185.
Appointments formerly held by, 182,
184.
Dynastic List, 312.
Ruknu-d-Din Firiiz Shah, Prince, appoint-
ments conferred on, 195.
Ruknu-d-Din Ibrahim Shah of Delhi, 209.
Dynastic List, 312.
Ruknu-d-Din Kai-Kaus of Bengal, 207.
Dynastic List, 313.
Ruknu-d-Din, Shaikh, 254.
Rupa of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Riipa Narayana or Ramabhadra of Mithila,
266.
Dynastic List, 305.
Ruparshi, founder of Nagapuriya branch of
Lumpaka sect, 270.
" Rupasiddhi," 194.
Rupnath edict, 11.
Ruyyaka, author, 142, 148, 171.
S.
Sabalsimha, Dynastic List, 291.
" S'abdabhedaprakasa," 138.
" S'abdanusasana," 187.
" S'abdarnavachandrika," 174.
" S'abdavidyasastra," 51.
Sabuk-Tigin, governor of Ghazni, 98.
Birth of Mahmud, 96.
Campaigns, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102.
Death, 102.
Dynastic List, 311.
Imprisonment of Mahmud, 101.
Zain Khan takes service under, 100.
Sachin, Baroch kingdom, 32.
Sadas'ivamalla of Katmandu, 262.
Sadiisivaraya, Dynastic List, 309.
Sa'dat Khan, 233, 234.
Sadharana, Dynastic List, 295.
Sadhu Kadira, Malik, of Sirhind, 243, 244.
Sadhuratna, 220, 238.
Sadru-d-Din, death of, 212.
Sadru-d-Din Muhammad Husaini Gesii-
Daraz, 256.
" Saduktikarnamrita," 147, 174.
Sadu'llah Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Saha-Rasala, 148.
Saha-Yasovardhana, 154.
Sahajapala, Dynastic List, 295.
Sahajiga, 150.
** Sahasahkacharita," 138.
Sahasram edict, 11.
Sahasramalla, founder of Digambara sect, 22.
" Sahasranamasmriti," 248.
Sahi of Kira, 87.
Sahi of Udabhandapura, 83.
Sahi Trilochanapala, 106.
Saifu-d-Daulah Mahmud, imprisoned hy
Ibrahim, 131.
Saifu-d-Din of Bahraich,_116.
Saifu-d-Din Ban Khan I-bak, death, 199.
Saifu-d-Din Firiiz Shah II of Bengal, 264.
Dynastic List, 314.
Saifu-d-DinHamzahShahofBengal,234,240.
Dynastic List, 313.
Saifu-d-Din al-Hasan, Qarlugh, 180.
Campaigns, 185, 186, 193.
Dynastic List, 314.
Saifu-d-Din I-bak, governor of Sindh, 183,
185, 189.
Saifu-d-Din I-bak-i-Kashli Khan, 193,
195, 200. _
Saifu-d-Din I-bak-i-Yughan-Tat, 183,184.
Dynastic List, 213.
Saifu-d-Din Kuji, rebellion, 185.
Saifu-d-Din Muhammad of Ghur, 155, 157.
Dynastic List, 311.
Saifu-d-Din Suri of Ghur, 150, 151.
Dynastic List, 311.
Saimur, Ibn Mulhalhal's visit to, 90.
St. Thomas, Church of, Bishop Sighelmas
visits, 80.
St. Thome, factory established by Albu-
querque, 268.
Saiva philosophy :
Hymns, 45.
Pratyabijna system, rise of, 82.
Temple at Vyaghragrahara, 82.
Sajjansiriiha (Bikanir Raj), Dynastic list,
277.
Sajjansiniha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
S'aka or S'alivahana era, 21.
S'aka tribe :
Baktria invaded by, 15.
Samudragupta conquers, 28.
Sakalakirti, author, 260.
Sakalalokachakravartin Rajanarayana Sam-
buvarayar, 218.
INDEX.
389
Sakastene, attacked by Kozulo Kadphises, 18.
Saketa, siege of, 17.
S'aktikumara of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
S'aktisimha, 134.
S'aktivarman, Eastern Chalukya, 106, 110.
Dynastic List, 280..
S'akya clan, extermination, 6.
S'akyakirti, 56.
Salakhanavarmadeva, Maharanaka of
Kakaredi, 170.
Salakhanavarman, 188.
Salar Mas'ud Ghazi, 115, 116.
Firuz Shah's pilgrimage to tomb of,
228.
Salashanavarman, Dynastic List, 292.
Saldl, captured by Zafar Khan, 210.
Salhana or Ajayaraja, Chahamana of Ajmir,
146*.
Dynastic List, 277.
Salhana of Kashmir, 138.
Bhoja, son of, 149.
Dynastic List, 294.
S'alibhadra, 151.
" S'alibhadracharitra," 202.
Salih, Amir, deputy governor of Sijistan, 78.
Salivahan, Jesalmir Maharawal, Dynastic
List, 290.
Salivahana of Gwaliar, Dynastic List, 306.
Saljuq, grandfather of Tughril Beg, 118.
Saljuqs :
Garmsir, invasion, 121.
Ghazni invasion, 123, 124, 125.
Khurasan, sovereignty in, 118, 120.
Mas'ud's wars with, 116, 117, 118,
119, 120.
Salkha, 297.
Sallakshana, 185.
Sallakshanavarmadeva, Chandella, 136.
Dynastic List, 282.
Sallakshanavarman, 140.
Salotgi inscription, 89.
" Saisilatu-t-Tawarikh," completion, 85.
Saluva Tikkamadeva, 204.
Silva Timma, captures Kondavidu, 270.
Sam, Ghiiri, 137.
" Samadhisataka," commentaries on, 146,
154.
Samana, expeditions against :
Daulat Khan Ludi's, 239.
Firuz Shah III, 229.
Mubarak Shah II, 251.
Muhammad Khan, 231.
Sarang Khan, 234.
Samanis, Abu lbrahim-i-Isma'il, last of,
106.
Samand or Samanta of Kabul, Dynastic
List, 303.
Samangad copper-plates, 66.
Samanta or Kallar, 80.
Samantadeva, 83.
Samantaraja of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
Samantasena, Dynastic List, 303.
Samantasimha of Anhilvad, 88.
Dynastic List, 282.'
Samantasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List,
287.
Samara or Samarasiriiha of Mevad, 205.
Dynastic List, 287.
Inscriptions, 204, 206, 287.
" Samarahgana," 109.
Samatata, empire of Samudragupta, 28.
" Samayamatrika," 118.
" Samayasaratika," 83.
" Sambandhachinta," 167.
Sambhal :
Mahmud Shah II, expedition, 240.
Revolt, 221.
" S'ambhalimata " or " Kuttanimata," 68.
S'ambhu, poet, 136, 148.
S'ambhu (S'iva), temple built by Dhanga,
92.
Sambhusimha of Mevad, Dynastic List,
288.
S'ambhuvardhana, 88.
Dynastic List, 294.
Sambos, attacked by Alexander the Great, 9.
Samideva, of Pithapuram, Dynastic List,
280.
Sammas of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Samos, Indian embassy received at, 19.
Sampakarasa, Gupta or Gutta, 162.
Samra-mu, battle of, 197.
Samrqand, agreement between Ali-Tigin
and Altiin-Tash, 116.
Samsarachandra of Kot Kangra or Trigarta,
250.
Dynastic List, 306.
Samudragupta, 28.
Dynastic List, 288.
Sam vat era, commencement, 18.
Samvegarangasala, 128.
" Samyaktvasaptatika," 227, 230.
Sanakanikas, empire of Samudragupta, 28.
Sanaphulla, S'ilahara, 67.
Dynastic List, 304.
Sanchi inscriptions, 30.
" Sandehadolavali," 130.
Sandha, 223.
Sandilya of S'urasena, 166.
Sandrakottos or Chandra gupta, founder of
the Maurya dynastv, 10, 11.
Sanga, of Dholka, 258.
Sangala, destroyed by Alexander the Great,
8.
Sangama I, 219, 224.
Dynastic List, 309.
390
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Safigama II, 219, 223, 225.
Sankata, 83.
Sahgamner copper-plate, 104.
Dynastic List, 294.
Sangha Rana of Chitor, 270, 271.
Sankheda :
Saiighabhuti, translator, 29.
Copper-plate and grants, 43, 48.
Saiighadaman, 25.
Mahmud Baiqarah captures, 262.
Dynastic List, 296.
Sankshobha, 40.
" Sanghapattaka," 138.
Dynastic List, 300.
Sanghatilakacharya, 227.
Sankuka, 64.
Sanghatilakasuri, 230.
Sanmisra Misarii, 226.
Sanghavarman, translations by, 26.
Sanquran, encounter with Mu'izzu-d-Din,
Sanghavarman, visits Nanking, 32.
161.
Sanghavarman, visits India, 54.
Sansara of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
" Sahghayanirayana," 156.
Santaladevi or Lakumadevi, wife of Vishnu-
Sang-hwui, visits kingdom of Wu, 26.
vardhana, 140.
" Sangitaralnakara," 177.
" Santinathacharitra," 202.
Saiigli copper-plates, 72, 86.
Sarigramadeva of Kashmir, 91.
S'antinathacharitram, 205.
S'antisuri or Vadivetala, 120.
Dynastic List, 294.
S'antivarman I, Kadamba, Dynastic List,
Sangramapida 11, Dynastic List, 294.
292.
Sangramaraja of Kashmir, 106, 114.
S'antivarman II, Kadamba, 129, 135.
Dynastic List, 294.
Dynastic List, 292.
Sangramasimha of Mevad, 269, 274.
S'antivarman of Saundatti, 99.
Dynastic List, 288.
Dynastic List, 301.
Sangramasimha Singram Singh I of Mevad,
Saptarshi or Laukika era, 4.
Dynastic List, 287.
Saptarshi or Lokakala cycle, 62.
Sanjar, Saljuqi, 140.
Sara of Kachh, Dynastic List, 290.
Bahraim Shah aided by, 139.
"Sara Sangaha," 194.
Ghazni expedition, 147.
S'arabha king, ancestor of Goparaja, 38.
Ghuzz expedition, 153.
S'arada writing, oldest discovered specimen,
Husain taken prisoner by, 137.
71.
Sanjar-i-Gajz-lak Khan, 183."
S'aradasiihha, 142.
Sanjar-i-Gurait Khan, 189.
Sarakhs, subdued by <Abdu-llahibn<Amar,53.
S'ankama Nissankamalla, Kalachnri, 162,
Sarang Khan, governor of Dibalpur, 233,
163.
234, 235, 244, 245.
Dynastic List, 293.
Sarahga, 195.
Feudatories under, 159, 162, 163.
Sarahgadeva of Anhilvad, 204, 208, 209.
S'ankara, encounter with Udayachandra, 64.
Dynastic List, 282.
S'ankara, ruler of Tardavadi district, 171.
Sarangpur :
S'ankara, Yadava of Devagiri, 208, 212,
Mahmud Khalji victorious at, 254.
214.
Muhammad Khan seizes, 253.
Dynastic List, 310.
" Sarasaiigraha, " 72.
S'ahkaracharya, Brahmanical reformer, 69.
" Sarasvatikanthabharana," 109.
S'ahkaradeva of Nepal, 60.
" Sarasvatistotra," 65.
Dvnastic List, 296.
Sarasvatitirtha, name assumed by Narahari,
S'arikaradeva (Thakuri) of Nepal, 126.
189.
S'ankaragana, 79.
Sarbar, captured by Malik Kafur, 212.
S'ankaragana of Chedi, 43, 44.
Sardarsimha, Dynastic List, 277.
Dynastic List, 293.
Sarnath inscriptions, 36, 113.
S'ankaragana or S'ahkaraganadeva of Chedi,
S'arngadhara, author, 177, 226.
96, 98.
Sarupsimha (Bikanir Raj), Dynastic List,
Dynastic List, 293.
277.
S'ahkaraganda, 73.
Sarupsimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Inscription, 80.
" Sarvadarsanasangraha," 223.
S'ankaragrama, battle of, 64.
Sarvadharan, rebellion, 232.
S'ankaravarman of Kashmir, 80, 83.
Sarvajfiadeva, visits Central India, 54.
Dynastic List, 294.
S'arvanaga, governor of Antarvedi, 34.
S'ahkarendra of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
S'arvanatha of Uchchhakalpa, Dynastic List,
306.
307.
INDEX.
391
Sarvahganatha, inscription, 228.
" Sarvastiviidavinayu," translation, 30.
S'arvavarman, Dynastic List, 308.
Sarvcsvaridevi, Dynastic List, 276.
Sarwar, Malik, expedition against Phlad,
250, 251.
Sarwar Khwajah-i-Jahan, Malik, 233, 237.
Dynastic List, 315.
Sarwaru-1-Mnlk, 248, 252, 253.
Sarwaya inscription, 207.
Sasan, villages in, bestowed on Chibdia
Brahmans, 80.
S'asaiika of Karnasuvarna, 43, 45.
Sasbahu inscriptions, 98, 133.
Dynastic List from, 291.
S'asiprabha, wife of Sindhuraja, 102.
Sa&va, 129.
S'asivardhana, poet, 133.
S'atakarni, Andhra king, 14, 16.
S'atakarni, Lord of the Dekkan, 24.
S'atananda's " Bhasvatlkarana," 135, 260,
266.
"S'atapadi," 186.
" S'atapadika," 153, 175.
Satara copper-plate and grant, 46, 47.
" S'atasloki," 201.
Satavahanas, inscription, 23.
Sattagydai, subjection to Persia, 5.
Satturu inscription, 155.
Satya I, Satyasraya or Kona-Satyaraja,
Dynastic List, 295.
Satyadeva, 132.
Satyamahgalam copper-plate, 247.
Satyasifhha, 29.
Satyasraya Dhruvaraja Indravarman, 47.
Satyasraya, Ranavikrama, S'ri Pulikesin or
Polekesin, Vallabba, 41.
Satvasrava, Sattiga or Irvibhujahga,
Chalukya, 103, 108.
Dynastic List, 279.
Feudatories under, 103, 104, 106,
108.
Rajaraja the Great conquers, 100.
Satyasraya, tlttama- Chalukya of Pitha-
purara, Dynastic List, 280.
Satvavakya - Kohgunivarman - Permanadi,
78, 81.
Satvavakya - Kongunivarmaa - Permanadi
Butuga, 88, 91.
S ityavakya - Kohgunivarman - Permanadi -
Marasimha, 94, 96.
Satyavakya - Kohgunivarman - Rachamalla -
Permanadi, 99.
Satyavakya - Kohgunivarman - Rajamalla -
Permanadi, 78.
Saundatti :
Inscriptions, 78, 99, 132, 182.
Ratta chieftains (see that title).
Saurashtra, invaded by Tajikas, 64.
Savata, 94.
Sayanacharya, 223.
Sayyid Burhanu-d-Din Bukhari, 262.
Sayyid Hasan, rebellion, 220.
Sayyid Muhammad of Budaun, 230.
Sayyid Muhammad of Jaunpur, 268.
Sayyid Sadru-d-Din Raju Qattal, 258.
Sayyid Salim, 249.
Sayyids, Sultans of Delhi, 242.
Dynastic List, 312.
Sehwan or Siwastan :
Ancient capital of Sambos, 9.
Jalalu-d-Din attacks, 180.
Malik Khan defeated at, 181.
Mughal invasion, 210.
Muhammad ibn Qasim, expedition,
60.
Shaikh 'All, expedition, 247.
" Sekaniradesapafijika," 132.
Seleukos Nikator, treaty with Chandragupta,
11.
Sena kings of Bengal, Dynastic List, 302.
Sena I of Saundatti, Dynastic List, 301.
Sena II of Saundatti, 134.
Senapati Bhatarka, 36.
" Sender Bandi," 194.
S'eng-ki-po-mo, Indian visit, 54.
Seunachandra I, Yadava, Dynastic List, 309.
Seunachandra II, J 27.
Dynastic List, 310.
Grant, 74.
Seunadesa, Yadavas of, 74.
Dynastic List, 309.
Seunadeva, ruler of Dvaravati, 148.
Sevyarasa, 116, 127.
Sha'ban 'Imadu-1-Mulk, Malik, 258.
Shabasi, seizes Hirat, 87.
"ShadaSiti," 138.
'* Shadasitikachurni," 140.
" Shadavasyaka,"' 161, 228.
Shadman Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Shad-yakh, invaded by Ghiyasu-d-Din,
172.
Shah 'Alim of Gujarat, Shaikh, 262.
Shah Beg Arghun of Qandahar, 268.
Campaigns, 260, 269, 270, 271, 272.
Death, 272.
Shah Husain of Qandahar, 272.
Shah 'Isma'Il, 269.
Shah Ludi, Sultan, 244, 245, 250.
Shah, Malik :
Isma'il ousted from Khwarizm, 117.
Saifu-d-Daulah Mahmud conspires
with, 131.
Shahanushahis, conquered by Samudragupta,
28.
" Shahnama," 111.
392'
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Shahis, conquered by Samudragupta, 28.
Shahiya kings of Kabul :
Bhiniapala last of, 113.
Dynastic List, 303.
Shahpur inscription, 57.
Shahzadah Barbak, Sultan, Dynastic List,
314.
Shaibani Khan, defeat and death, 269.
Sliaikha Khan, 2:33, 234.
Dynastic List, 285.
Shaikhs : see second title, as Shaikh Ahmad
Khattu, see Ahmad Khattu.
Shams Damaghani, governor of Gujarat,
revolt, 229.
Shams Khan, captures Junagadh, 284.
S_iams Khan of Biyana, 237, 239.
Shams Shah Mir of Kashmir, Dynastic List,
315.
Sjamsu-d-Din, treachery of, 198.
Shamsu-d-Din of Bamian, expedition against
Sultan Shah Khwarizmi, 167.
Shamsu-d-Din of Kulbarga, 235.
Dynastic List, 317.
Shamsu-d-Din of Ma'bar, Dynastic List,
317. .
Shamsu-d-Din Abu-n-Nasr Muzaffar Shah
of Bengal, 265.
Dynastic List, 314.
Shamsu-d-Din Ahmad S_hah of Bengal, 250.
Dynastic List, 314.
Shamsu-d-Din Altamsh of Delhi, 176, 182.
Campaigns, 174, 178, 180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185.
Death, 185.
Delhi throne seized by, 176.
Dynastic List, 311.
Embassy from Balka Khan, 184.
Gwaliar governed by, 170.
Jalalu-d-Din refused shelter by, 179.
Minhaju-d-Din, offices conferred on,
169.
Sindh, annexation, 181.
Shamsu-d-Din Firiiz Shah of Bengal, 211.
Dynastic List, 313.
Shamsu-d-Din Ibrahim Shah Sharqi of
Jaunpur, 238, 254.
Campaigns, 238, 239, 240, 242, 248,
252.
Dynastic List, 315.
J ami' Masjid of Kanauj built by,
240.
Shamsu-d-Din Ilyas Shah of Bengal, 219,
221, 224.
Dynastic List, 313.
Shamsu-d-Din Ilyas Shahi of Bengal, 240,
241.
Dynastic List, 313.
Shamsu-d-Din Kaiomurs, 207.
Shamsu-d-Din Muhammad Sur Ghazi Shah
of Bengal, Dynastic List, 314.
Shamsu-d-Din Yusuf Shah, Ilyas Shahi of
Bengal, 262, 263.
Dynastic List, 314.
Shamsu-1-Ma'ali Qabus, 105.
Sharafu-d-Din Ahmad Ahia. Maniri, 229.
" Sharh Mizani-1-Mantiq," 271.
Sharqi dynasty of Jaunpur :
Foundation, 233.
List, 315.
Shashtha, Pandit, 148.
Shashthadeva I, or Chatta, Kadamba of
Goa, 107.
Dynastic List, 291.
Shashthadeva II, Kadamba of Goa, 191.
" Shattu-1-Hayat," 196.
Sher Khan of Bengal, Dynastic List, 313.
Sher Khan-i-Sunqar, 193, 194, 195, 196.
Sher Malik, 242.
Sher Shah, 314.
Sheriyar, 50.
Sher- wan, alliance with Mas'ud, 111.
Shih Ch'-Mang, travels and translations, 30.
Shihabu-d-Daulah Bughra Khan, Bukhara
expedition, 102. -
SJiihabu-d-Din, Mughal invasion, 235.
Siiihabu-d-Din of Kashmir, 223.
Dynastic List, 315.
Shihabu-d-Din Bayazid of Bengal, 241.
Dynastic List, 314.
Shihabu-d-Din Bughra Shah of Bengal,
215, 216.
Dynastic List, 313.
Shihabu-d-Din Mu'izzu-d-Din Muhammad-
i- Sam of Delhi: see title Mu'izzu-d-Din
Muhammad ibn Sam .
Shihabu-d-Din Suharwardi, 159.
Shihabu-d-Din 'Umar of Delhi, 214.
Dynastic List, 312.
Shi-hu Damapala, travels and translations,
99.
Shi-yu, Buddhist council held under, 21.
Shojavarman, Dynastic List, 292.
Shulo-Puchm, loss of Persian provinces, 34.
Shummana or Khuma.ua of Mevad, 92.
Dynastic List, 287.
Sialkot, fort, invested by Khusru Malik, 165.
Siam, introduction of Buddhism, 51.
Sib Singh, Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Sibyrtios, governor of Gedrosia and Ara-
khosia, 10.
Sida, Malik, Champanir expedition, 264.
Siddapur inscription, 150.
" Siddhanta," revision, 33.
" Siddhantalapakoddhara," 224.
" Siddhantasiromani," 139.
College founded for study of, 176.
INDEX.
393
Siddhapayya, governor of Hanungal district,
S'iladitya VI of Valabhi :
157.
Latest known prince of Valabhi line,
Siddharshi, author, 83.
36.
Siddlnlrtha : see title Buddha.
S'ilagana, part founder of Agamika sect,
Siddhasenasuri, author, 165.
169.
Siddhattha, author, 194.
S'ilahara or Silara dynasty, 73.
Siddhitunga inscription, 222.
Kolhapur, 124, 166, 304.
Sidhpur temple, destroyed hy Ahmad I,
Lists, 303, 304.
243.
Northern Koukan, 134, 303.
Sighelmas, Bishop of Shirhurne, visits India,
Southern Konkan, 67, 108, 304.
80.
Silaij, 37.
Sijistan :
S'ilahka or Kotyacharya, 79.
Mahmtid proclaimed ruler, 106.
S'ilaratnasuri, author, 253.
Tughril defeats ruler of, 123.
" S'ilatarangini," 210.
Ya'qub-i-Lais seizes, 78.
Simha or Aghasimha of Mevad, Dvnastic
Sikandaribn Ilyas, founder of Mu'azamabad,
List, 287.
225.
Simhala :
Sikandar Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Mihirakula invades, 39.
Sikandar Shah I of Bengal, 225, 226, 227,
Samudragupta conquers, 28.
232.
Vinayaditya, subjection to, 57.
Dynastic List, 313.
Virupaksha conquers, 230.
Sikandar Shah II of Bengal, 263.
Simhana, 194, 238.
Dynastic List, 314.
Simhana or Singhana : see title Singhana II.
Sikandar Shah I of Delhi : see title Humayiin
Simhaprabha, 181.
(Tughlaq Shah) of Delhi.
Simharaja of Ajmir, 91, 92, 97.
Sikandar Shah II of Delhi, 265, 266, 268,
Dynastic List, 277.
269.
" Simhasanadvatrimsika," 261.
Agra made capital city, 267.
Simhasena, Dynastic List, 296.
Death, 271.
Simhavishnu, 44.
Dynastic List, 312.
Dynastic List, 299.
Sikandar Shah III of Delhi, 312.
Simjur, 90.
Sikandar Shah of Gujarat, 273.
Simraon, founded by Nanyupa, 134.
Dynastic List, 316.
Simuka Satavahana, founder of the Andhra-
Sikandar Shah of Kashmir, 235.
bhritya dynasty, 14.
Dynastic List, 315.
Sina,' king of Palpa, 262.
Sikandar Tuhfah, war with Jasrat, 246,
Sinda inscription, 141.
249, 250.
Sindaraja, 132.
Sikhs, founded hy Nanak, 261.
Sindas of Yelburga :
S'ila of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Dynastic List, 304.
S'ilabhadra, head of Nalanda College, 49.
Vikrama, latest known member, 162.
S'iladitya (S'ryasraya) of Gujarat, 56, 63.
Sindh :
Dynastic List, 279.
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar ibn Rabi
S'iladitya of Malava, 40, 48.
defeats army from, 52.
S'iladitya I of Valabhi, 45, 47.
Arab invasions, 59, 64.
Dynastic List, 308.
Bashir ibn Da'iid, revolt, 75.
Grandson succeeds Dharasena IV,
Coins of Apollodotos found in, 15.
51.
Dynastic Lists, 302, 305, 314.
S'iladitya II of Valabhi, 52, 56, 58.
Embassy to Baghdad, 68.
Dynastic List, 308.
Hajjaj, expedition, 60.
Jamhur last Amir of, 64.
S'iladitya III of Valabhi, 58, 61.
Dynastic List, 308.
Karmatian heretics settle in, 101.
S'il&ditya IV of Valabhi, 61, 67.
Dynastic List, 308.
Mahmud Baiqarah, expedition, 261.
Mansura and Multan, independence
S'iladiha V of Valabhi, 67.
established, 80.
Dynastic List, 308.
Mihirakula, expedition, 39.
Jayabhata subdues (conjecture), 59.
Mughal invasion, 190, 191.
S'iladitya VI of Valabhi, 67.
Muhammadan Governors, Dynastic
Dynastic List, 308.
List, 314.
394
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Sindh:
Siro Polemios, identical with Pulumayi, 23.
Navaghana, invasion, 284.
Sirohi :
Prabhakaravardhana fights against
Mahmud Baiqarah attacks, 265.
king of, 43.
Qutbu-d-Dm attacks, 259.
Ptolemy wounded in, 9.
Sirur inscriptions, 72, 78.
Ranmal expedition, 59.
" S'ishyahitaishini Meghadutatika," 259.
Raya Siharas, dynasty, 37, 50.
Slstan :
Sammas of, 302.
'Abdu-llah ibn 'Amar ibn Rabi,
Shah Beg Arghun, expedition, 270,
invasion, 52.
271, 272.
'Abdu-r-Razzaq established in, 114.
Stzmras of, 124, 305.
Coins found in, 13, 20.
Valabhi overthrown by army from,
67.
Ya'qub ibn Lais, asserts independence
S'isuka, founder of Andhrabhritya dynasty,
14.
"S'isupalavadha," 70.
of Sindh, 78.
" S'isupalavadhatika," 230.
Sindhuka, founder of Andhrabhritya dynasty,
Sltabaldi inscription, 133.
14.
S'iva Siriiha era of Gujarat, 139.
Sindhuraja of Malava, 102, 109.
S'iva, temples of :
Dynastic List, 300.
Dvipa, 183.
Padmagupta flourishes under, 100.
Elapura (conjecture), 67.
Sindigere inscription, 122.
Govana III, builder of, 158.
Sihga I of Yelburga, Dynastic List, 304.
Sihga II or Sihgana of Yelburga, 130.
Patna, 154.
Pattadakul, 59.
Dynastic List, 304.
S'iva -Yaidyanatha temple at Kiragrama, 71.
Singanadevarasa, 121.
S'ivabhuti, founder of Digambara sect, 22.
Sihgayya Devananayaka, 202.
S'ivachitta Permadi, Dynastic List, 292.
Sihghana, Kalachuri, 164.
S'ivadeva I of Eastern Nepal, 50, 51.
Dynastic List, 293.
Dynastic List, 296.
Sihghana I, Yadava of Devagiri, 166, 167.
S'ivadeva II of Western Nepal, 62, 66.
Dynastic List, 310.
Dynastic List, 306.
Sihghana II (or Simhana), Yadava of Deva-
" S'ivadrishti," 82.
giri, 176, 183, 189, 191.
S'ivagana, inscription, 64.
Dynastic List, 310.
S'ivagupta of Katak, 305.
Feudatories under, 175, 177, 178,
Sivaji, Dynastic List, 297.
18U, 181, 186, 187, 188, 192.
S'ivamaharaja, daughter of, marries Bana-
Rattas subdued by Viceroy of, 182.
vidhyadhara, 276.
Singhar of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Sihhoji Rathod, 216.
S'ivamara, 73.
S'ivasiihha of Assam, Dynastic List, 276.
Sipehr Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
S'ivasimha of Mithila, 237.
S'ipraka, founder of Andhrabhritya dynasty,
Genealogical Table, 305.
14.
S'ivasirahamalla of Katmandu, 262.
Sipur inscription, 70.
Siwai Raja, Dynastic List, 297.
S'irah'sita, capture of, 149.
Siwalikh :
Sirdasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
Aibak Khan ravages, 212.
Sirhind :
Inscription, 154.
Bairam Khan's adherents seize, 243.
Siwana, subdued by 'Alau-d-Dln, 212.
Jasrat's expedition, 245.
Siwastan or Sehwan : see title Sehwan.
Pulad, rebellion, 249, 250.
Siwi, fort, seized by Shah Beg Arghun,
Sarang Khan, rebellion, 244, 245.
269.
Tughan Rais, rebellion, 244.
Siya-Gahga Amarabhara^na, 201.
Sirinagar, Raja of, subdued by Iqbal Khan,
Siyadoni inscriptions, 83, 91, 94.
239.
Siyaka I of Malava, 74.
Siriyadevi, wife of Chavunda, 157, 159.
Dynastic List, 300.
Siriyadevi, wife of S'antivarman II, 129.
Skandagupta, Kramaditya, Vikramaditya,
Sirmur :
33, 34, 35.
Firuz Shah III receives tribute from,
Dynastic List, 288.
229.
Skandila, 33.
Ulugh Khan devastates, 198.
Sky lax, explores the Indus, 5.
INDEX.
395
" SnatripafichaSika," 261.
Sobhanarasa, governor of Belvola and
Puligere districts, 106.
Sodhala, 176.
Sogal, inscription from, 99.
Sogdiana :
Alexander the Great conquers, 7.
Yueh-ti established in, 15.
Sogdoi, Alexander the Great conquers, 9.
Sohani, besieged by Vira-Ballala, 171.
Sohiya or Lohiya of Kadole, Dynastic List,
278.
So'ideva, Nikumbha, 175.
Dynastic List, 298.
Solanki dynasty of Anhilvad, identical with
Chaulukya dynasty, 89.
Somachandra, author, 257.
Soraadeva, author of the " Kathasaritsagara,"
125.
Somadeva, author of the " Lalita-Vigraha-
raja," 154.
Somadeva, author of the " S'abdarnava-
chandrika," 174.
Somadeva, author of the " Yasastilaka,"
74, 93.
Somadeva, feudatory under Sovideva, 161.
Somaditya, governor of Kalyana, 58.
SomaladevI, wife of Vira- Somesvara, 184.
Somalekha, wife of Ajayaraja, 146.
Somana, 163.
Somananda, philosopher, 82, 87..
Somanathesvara temple inscription, 247.
Somasambhu, 129.
Somasundara, 220, 254, 257.
Somasundarasiiri, 228.
Somatilakasuri, 210.
Somavamsl kings of Katak, Dvnastic List,
305.
Somesvara, Jajalladeva defeats, 139.
Somesvara, Lakshmanarajadeva worships, 92.
SomesVara, poet, 176; 183.
Somesvara, Chahamana of Ajmir, 159.
Dynastic List, 277.
SomesVara I, Chalukya of Kalyana, 119.
Dynastic List, 279.
Feudatories under, 117, 121, 122,
123, 124, 126.
Karnadeva conquered by, 121.
Sons of, 126.
"Wives and son, districts ruled by, 124.
Somesvara II, Chalukya of Kalyana, 127,
128, 129.
Belvola and Puligere districts ruled
by, 124.
Bhoja fights with, 109.
Dynastic List, 279.
Feudatories under, 116, 128, 129,
130, 132.
Somesvara III, Chalukya of Kalyana, 144,
147.
Dynastic List, 279.
Feudatories under, 135, 145, 146,
147.
Somesvara IV, Chalukya of Kalyana :
Dynastic List, 279.
Feudatories under, 163, 165.
Kalachuris subdued by, 145, 164.
Somesvara or Sovideva, Kalachuri of
Kalyana, 158, 162.
Dynastic List, 293.
Feudatories under, 158, 159, 160,
161.
Somesvara, S'ilahara of the Northern
Konkan, 193, 201.
Dynastic List, 303.
SomeSvarabhatta, 129.
Somesvaradeva, 195.
Somesvaradeva - Chakravartin, inscription,
177.
Somnath :
Mahipaladeva builds temple at, 284.
Mahmud invades, 113, 114.
Muzaffar Shah invades, 236.
Zafar Khan destroys temple at,
234.
Somnathpattam inscription, 158.
Sonkherah, invaded by Ahmad I, 244, 246.
Sonpat seal, 46.
Sopara, inscription, 151.
Sophagasenos, treaty with Antiokhos III,
13.
Sophytes, subject to Alexander the Great, 8.
Soratur inscriptions, 78, 89.
So -to -po -ho family, member of, patronizes
Nagarjuna, 24.
Sovanayya, 163.
Sovarasa, 154.
Sovideva, governor of Panungal district,
151.
Sovideva or Somesvara : see title Somesvara,
Kalachuri.
Sovidevarasa, 160.
Spalahores, 17, 18.
Spalirises, 17, 18.
Spalyris, 17, 18.
" Spandakarika," 70.
" Spandanirnaya," 115.
" Spandasandoha," 115.
" Spandasarvasva," 76, 94.
" Spandasiitravartika," 115.
' ' S'raddhadinakrityasutravritti, " 191.
" S'raddhapratikramanavritti," 238.
S'ramanacharya, embassy to Augustus, 19.
" S'ravakananda," 110.
S'ravana Belgola, inscriptions, 94, 145, 155,
156,' 180.'
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
S'ravasti :
" S'ripalacharitra," 227.
Fa-hien visits, 29.
" S'ripalagopalakatha," 254.
Inscription, 179.
S'ripat Rathor, of Kanauj, 80.
I-tsing visits, 56.
S'ripati, 176.
TT-K'ong visits, 66.
S'ripatiyarasa, governor of Be]vola and
S'rT-Harshadeva, Siyaka II or Simhabhata,
Puligere districts, 139.
Paramara of Malava, 92.
S'rTraja of Seunadesa, Dynastic List, 310.
Dynastic List, 300.
S'rirahga, 259.
S'ri Jayasiihha of Mevad, Dynastic List,
S'riraiigam :
Inscriptions, 199, 202, 203.
287.
S'rl Lakshmana of Nadole, Dynastic List,
Sundara-Pandya seizes, 184.
278.
S'rivallabha-Senananda, 42.
S'ri Sahara, 150.
S'rivara, author, 257.
S'rl S'aila, king of, subdued by Dantidurga,
S'rivardhana, captured by Bhillama, 165.
66.
S'rivatsa, poet, 148.
S'ri Siihha, Chudasama, Dynastic List, 284.
" S'riviracharita, " 132.
S'rl Vallabha, 69.
Srong-btsan-sgam-po, 50, 53.
S'ri Vira Udaiya Martanda Yarma II of
S'rutakirtti-Traividya, author, 146, 154.
Venad, 215.
S'rutasagara, author, 266.
S'ri Vyaghramukha, 48.
Stambha, confederacy of kings under, 69.
" Stavachintamani," 87.
S'ribhoja, I-tsing visits, 56.
S'richandrasuri, author, 161.
Sthiragupta or Puragupta, 35.
S'ridevi, wife of Indraraja, 154, 158.
Dynastic List, 288.
S'ridhara, astronomer, 58.
Sthirapala, 114.
S'ridhara, author, 101, 223.
Strato I, 15, 16.
S'ridhara, ruler in neighbourhood of Anni-
Strato II, 16.
geri, 155.
Su, Malik, Amir of Koh, 252.
S'ridliaradasa, anthology composed by, 147,
Subandhu, 43.
174.
S'ubasilagani, author, 261.
S'rigarbha, poet, 148.
Subhachandra, 260.
S'rTgupta, 27.
Subhagasena, treaty with Antiokhos II, 13.
Dynastic List, 288.
S'ubhakara or S'ubhakarasiriiha visits China,
S'rigunna, 148.
61.
S'riharsha, author, 153.
Subhan Qull of Golkonda, Dynastic List,
" S'riharshacharita," 44, 45.
318.
S'riharshadeva, of Gauda, 66.
S'ubhankara, 84.
" S'rikahkalayarasadhyayavritti," 222.
" Subhashitaratnasandoha," 102.
S'rikantha, 148.
" Subhashitavali," 257.
" S'rikanthacharita," 139, 148, 257.
Subhatavarman of Malava, 148, 162, 177.
S'rimal, 32.
'Dynastic List, 300.
S'rimatidevi or Mahadevi, wife of Nara-
" Subodhalahkara," 167.
simhagupta, 36.
" Subodhini Baghuvam^atika," 230.
S'rinagar :
S'uchivarman of Mevad, Dynastic List,
Assembly of allied rajas at, 133.
287.
Burned by rebels, 143.
Sudarsana, Lake, bursting of embankment,
Harsha's flight from, 136.
33.
Palace built by Ajayapala, 225.
" SudarSanacharita," 273.
Sugandha attacks, 84.
S'udasa, 17.
S'rmagara, capital city of Dridhaprahara,
Sudhava, wife of Arnoraja, 152.
74.
Sudi inscription, 108.
S'ringara, holds office under Sussala, 148.
S'udravaruntyara, battle, 64.
Sringara of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Sugandha of Kashmir, 83, 84.
" S'rihgaramanjarikatha," 109.
Dynastic List, 294.
" S'rihgarastaka," 138.
Suggaladevi, wife of Jayasiihha II, 111.
" S'ringaratilaka," 77.
Suhala, attends sabha held by Alahkara,
S'rihgeri, Sayanacharya, abbot of, 223.
139.
S'ripala, poet, 134, 136.
Suhaniya, inscriptions, 93, 241, 255.
" S'ripalacharita," 273.
Siihavadevi, 154.
INDEX.
397
Suhrab Hot, Malik, land bestowed on,
Surasmichandra, 35.
261.
Surat :
Suhriddbraja of Gondii, 116.
Bharocb kingdom, 32.
Suiji, 145, 146.
Grant and copper-plate, 56, 123.
Sukb Sen or Sukbasena of Bengal, Dynastic
Suratsimha, Dynastic List, 277.
List, 302.
S'uravarman I of Kashmir, 88.
Sukhavarman, 77.
Dynastic List, 294.
" Sukbavatlvyuba," 29.
S'uravarman II of Kashmir, 89.
Sukpal, revolt, 107.
Dynastic List, 294.
" Sukritasankirtana," 182, 187.
" Surimantrakalpasaroddhara," 222.
" Sukshmarthasiddhanta," 138.
" Surimantrapradesavivarana," 208.
' ' Suktimuktavali, " 192.
Surkab Khan, Dynastic List, 285.
Surya, Dynastic List, 295.
Suryamalla of Katmandu, 262.
Sulaiman, voyage to India and China, 77.
Sulaiman, Khalifah, 61.
Sulaiman ibn Hasbam, governor of Sindb,
Suryapala, 133.
65.
11 S'uryasataka," 44.
Sulaiman Khan Kararani of Bibar and
Suryayasas, 106.
Bengal, Dynastic List, 314.
Susa:
Sulaiman Shah, attempt to assassinate
Army of Alexander the Great at, 9.
<Alau-d-Din, 210.
Kalanos, suicide at, 10.
Sulaiman's " Salsilatu-t-Tawarikh," com-
Susiana, Antigonos attacked in, 10.
pletion, 85.
Sussala of Kashmir, 135, 138.
Sulhana of Malava, conquered by Ajaya-
Campaigns, 141, 142, 143.
raja, 146.
Death, 145.
Sulhana or Alhana, 147.
Dynastic List, 294.
Sultanpiir :
Susthitavarman, Dynastic List, 308.
Name given to Orangal, 216.
Sutiranamalla, Raja of Kumaun, 261.
Nasir Khan invades, 243.
Sutra of Forty-two sections, translation, 21.
Malik Raja invades, 233.
" Sutras," Panini's, commentary, 49.
Sultans of Delhi,' Dynastic Lists, 311, 312.
Suvarnamalla, 262.
" Sumangalavilasini," 30.
Suvira of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 306.
Sumativachaka, 132.
" Suvrittatilaka," 118.
Sumatra, I-tsing visits, 56.
" Svachchhandoddyota," 115.
Sumra of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Svami Jivadaman, 27.
Surara dynasty of Sindh :
List, 305.
Svami Rndradaman, 28.
Svami Rudrasena, 28.
Rise of, 124.
Dynastic List, 296.
Sun-Ch'uan, monastery built by, 26.
Svamidatta of Kottara, conquered by
Sunak, inscription, 125.
Samudragupta, 28.
Sunargaon, battle near, 205.
Svamikaraja, 60.
Sundar Bandi, identity with Sundara-
Svarganarayan or Pratapasiniha, 275 (note).
Pandya conjectured, 194.
" Syadvadamarijari," 208.
Sundara-Pandya, 184, 194, 213.
Syama Shahi of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
Sundaramurti Nayanar, S'aiva devotee, 45.
306.
Sundari, wife of Vatsaraja, Dynastic List,
310.
Sung Yun, travels in search of Buddhist
S'yamaladevi, wife of Vijayasiniha, 287.
books, 39.
T.
S'unga dynasty, 14, 18.
Suprabhadeva, 83.
Ta'ba'inu-1-BTaqaeq," 220.
Sura Sen of Bengal, Dynastic List, 302.
Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, 90.
Suramara, battle, 52.
Tabarhindah :
Surapala or Vigrabapala I of Bengal, Dy-
Pulad besieged in, 251, 252.
nastic List, 298.
Raziy at imprisoned in, 186.
Surapala of Budaun, Dynastic List, 299.
Tadapa, 86, 87.
Surasimha, Dynastic List, 277.
Dynastic List, 280.
Surasimba or Siwai Raja, Dynastic List,
Tadivapadi, conquered by Rajaraja, 100.
297.
Tagbi, revolt, 221, 224.
398
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
TagbJ Khan, defeat and death, 238.
Tahir, deputy - governor of Sijistan, 95,
104.
Tahir-i-Zu-1-Yamanain, governor of Khu-
rasan, 73.
" Tahqiqu-1-Hind," 115.
Tai of Sindh, Dynastic List, 305.
Taila : see title Tailapa.
Tailama, Kadamba, 150.
Dynastic List, 292.
Tailapa I, Chalukya :
Dynastic List, 278.
Pulikala, a contemporary of, 127.
Tailapa II, Chalukya (Ahavamalla Nurmadi-
Taila II), 97, 103.
Barapa, general under, 98.
Bhillama a contemporary of, 105.
BonthadevT, mother of, 92.
Dynastic Lists, 278, 279.
Feudatories under, 99, 101, 103.
Later Chalukya dynasty founded by,
86, 97.
Bashtrakiita sovereignty overthrown
by,' 94. '
Tailapa III, Chalukya (Nurmadi- Taila),
151, 152, 155, 156.
Dynastic List, 279.
Feudatories under, 149, 152, 153,
154, 155, 157.
Tailapa I, Kadamba, 126.
Tailapa II, Kadamba, 135, 146.
Dynastic List, 292.
Tajikas or Arabs :
Astronomy, Hindu, introduction, 68.
Invasions, 32, 59, 64.
Taju-d-Din Abu-Bikr-i-Ayaz of Sindh,
188, 189.
Taju-d-Din 'All Musawi, 187.
Taju-d-Din Firiiz Shah of Kulbarga, 235.
Dynastic List, 317.
Taju-d-Din Ildiiz, 174, 175, 177, 178.
Daughter marries Qutbu-d-Din, 170.
Taju-d-Din Sanjar-i-Gazjlak Khan, 181.
Taju-d-Din Sanjar-i-Kuret Khan, 188.
Taju-d-Din Sanjar-i-Qiq-luq of Budaun,
188
Taju-d-Din Sanjar-i-Tez Khan, 193, 198,
200.
Taju-d-Din-i-Harab, 167.
Taju-d-Din-i-Sanjar-i-llah-Peshani, 197.
" Taju-1-Ma'asir," 174.
Taju-1-Mulk, 243, 244, 245.
Taka princes of Kashtha, Dynastic List,
295.
Takdari tribe, subdued by Amir Zu'n-]STun,
263.
Takt-i-Bahi, inscription, 19.
Talakad, burned by Vishnuvardhana, 140.
Talamba, fort :
Shaikh 'Ali attacks, 250.
Timur attacks, 236.
Talgund inscriptions, 103, 155.
Talhah, governor of Hirat, 94.
Talhah, governor of Khurasan, 73.
Taliqan, reduced by 'Abdu-llah.ibn 'Amar,
" 53.
Tal-qan, battles fought at, 118, 120.
Talsandah, fort, captured by Mahmud
Shah I, 192.
Talukas of Olpad, Bharoch kingdom, 32.
Talwandi :
Jasrat, expedition, 245.
Nanak born at, 261.
Tamachi of Sindh, Dynastic List, 302.
Tamachi Samma, 223. _
Tamashirin, Mughal invasion headed by,
217.
Tambol, attacked by Ahmad Shah, Bahmani,
251.
Tamim ibn Zaid al 'Utbi of Sindh, 62.
Tamralipti :
Fa-hien visits, 29.
I-tsing studies at, 56.
Tamur Khan-i-Qiran, 191.
Dynastic List, 213.
Tandah, capital of Bengal, 256.
Tanka, king of, subdued by Dantidurga, 66.
<"' Tantraloka," 102, 171.
" Tantralokaviveka," 153, 171.
" Tantravartika," 62.
Tao-sheng visits India, 53.
Tapagachchha of the Jains, founded by
Jagachchandra, 182.
Taq, fort, besieged by Mahmud, 104, 106.
Tara Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Tara'in, battles, 167, 178.
Tarapida, 62.
Dynastic List, 293.
" Tarikh Firuz Shahi," 205.
" Tarikh-i-Al-i-Sabuk-Tigin " or " Tarikh-
i-Yamini," 130.
"Tarikh-i-Husaini," 256.
" Tarikh-i-Mab miid- Shahi," 263.
" Tarjumanu-1-Balaghat," 105.
"Tarkabhasha,"230.
Tarojanapala of Kabul, Dynastic List, 303.
Tarpan-cughi :
Copper-plate, 142.
Dvnastic List from inscription, 303.
"Tarsil 'Ainu-1-Mulki," 220.
Tatabikki, death of, 88.
Tatar Khan :
Campaigns, 234, 235, 236, 238, 240.
Death, 239.
Dynastic List, 285.
Gujarat sovereignty assumed by, 238.
INDEX.
399
Tathagatagarbha, 56.
Ta-ts'in, visits China, 56.
Tattukoti, inscription, 219.
" Tattvaditya," 79.
" Tattvarthadipika," 266.
" Tattvarthasara," 83.
" 'I'attvarthasriradipaka," 260.
Tauta, author, 102.
11 Tawalau-s- Sham-us," 209.
ibolished by Fimz Shah III, 228.
Taxila :
Alexander the Great at, 7, 8.
Capital city of Azes and Azilises, 18.
Taxiles, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Tayaliir, inscription, 81.
Tega of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Tejahpala, 179, 194.
Tejahsiiiiha, author, 213.
Tejahsimha, Guhila, of Mevad, 189, 203,
206.
Dynastic List, 287.
Tejahsiiiiha, Jesalmlr, Maharawal, Dynastic
List, 291.
Tejakantha, ambassador, 147, 148.
Tejiraja, Tejimayya or Tejugi, 159, 165,
166.
Tekhar, Thankar or Talhar, destroyed by
Mubarak Shah II, 245 (note).
Telahga, king of, established by Krishna,
192.
Telingana :
'Alau-d-Din, expedition, 211, 212.
Fakhru-d-Din Junan, conquest, 216.
Krishna, revolt, 221.
Teljur, Isvara temple inscription, 247.
Terahi, iuscription, 83.
Teravan copper-plate, 201.
Terdal, inscription, 143.
Ternate, Portuguese driven from, 274.
Tewar inscriptions, 153, 162.
Thfikurls, 50.
Dynastic List, 306.
Navakot, 126, 262.
Second or Rajput dynasty, 126.
Third dynasty, branches of, 249.
Thana :
Christian missionaries martyred at,
216.
Inscriptions, 110, 204.
Khalf Hasan defeated near, 250.
Yijayaditya reinstates ruler of, 149.
Thanesar :
Dynastic List, 306.
Mahmud conquers, 110.
Prithviraja defeated near, 168.
AVang Ilsuan-tso invades, 53.
Thanglr, conquered by Mu'izzu-d-Din, 170.
Tharra, captured by Abu Turab, 69.
Thaton, conquered by Anuruddha, 124.
Thatta, invasions of :
Flruz Shah III, 224, 226.
Muhammad ibn Tughlaq, 224.
Shah Beg Husain, 271, 272.
Thenga lladza, establishes modern Burmese
era, 51.
Thida, 297.
Thien-si-tsai, visits China, 99.
Thohar Chand, 202.
Dynastic List, 281.
Thomas, Apostle, 20.
Church of, visited by Bishop
Sighelmas, 80.
Thomas, martyrdom at Thana, 216.
Thnrne, Robert, attempts North - West
Passage, 273.
Tibet :
Atisa visits, 100.
Dipahkara Srij nana visits, 119.
Hsiian chao visits, 53.
Hsiian-t'ai visits, 54.
Mahayana doctrine, revival, 100,
119.
Muhammad -i-Bakht-yar invades,
173.
Padma Sambhava visits, 65.
Tao-sheng visits, 53.
Tongmi Samb'ota introduces Northern
Indian Alphabet, 50.
Vrihaspati Cycle introduced by Pandit
Chandranatha, 113.
Tidgundi, inscription, 132.
Tigin-abad, battle, 144.
1 • Tij ayapahuttastotra, " 234.
Tikka, Kadamba, 134.
Tilak Malik ibn Jai Sen, 116.
Tilakacharya, author, 174, 187.
" Tilakamanjari," 96.
Tilivalli, inscription, 177.
Timma, Baja of Maisur, Dynastic List,
297.
Timma of Vijayanagara, 258.
Dynastic List, 309.
Timur :
Death, 238.
Ghiyasu-d-Dln Pir 'All, imprisoned
and'executed, 229, 230.
Hindustan, invasion, 235, 236, 237.
Hirat seized by, 229.
Khizr Khan joins, 234.
Tipparasa, 203.
Tippur, inscription, 156.
Tirukkalukkunram temple inscription, 194.
Tirumalai inscriptions, 178, 228.
Tirumalaideva, inscription, 258.
Tirunanasambandar, S'aiva devotee, 45, 62.
Tiruuavukkaraiyar, S'aiva devotee, 45.
400
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Tiruvallam, inscription, 214.
Tiruvattar inscription, 160.
Tishya Maudgaliputra, president Buddhist
council, 12.
Tivaradeva of Kosala, grant, 70.
Togarchedu or Togurshode, copper-plate, 57.
Tohana, battle, 236.
Tomara chief, subdued by Simharaja, 92.
Tomara Princes of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
306.
Tongrai Samb'ota, introduces Northern
Indian Alphabet into Tibet, 50.
" Topographia Christiana," 40.
Toragaleya-Devarasa, probably identical with
Devaraja, 202.
Toramana, 27, 35, 36, 37.
Torkhede copper-plates, 69, 72.
Toyimadeva of Banavasi, 112, 118, 126.
Traikuta, 26.
Traikiitaka, Kalachuri or Chedi era, 26.
Trailokya, 148.
Trailokyamahadevi, wife of Vikramaditya II,
63.
Trailokyamalla, 262.
Trailokyamalla III : see title Tailapa III,
Chalukya.
Trailokyavarman or Trailokyavarmadeva,
Chandella, 177, 201.
Dynastic List, 282.
Feudatories under, 186, 188.
Trajan, Emperor, embassies to, 22.
Transoxiana, 107.
Tribbuvana of Budaun, Dynastic List, 299.
Tribhuvana of Kashmir, 96, 98.
Dynastic List, 294.
Tribhuvanachakravartin Rajarajadeva II,
178.
Dynastic List, 283.
Tribhuvanachakravartin Rajendra Choja-
deva III, Dynastic List, 283.
Tribhuvanamalla, Hoysala : see title Ballala
II, Vira-Ballala, Tribhuvanamalla.
Tribhuvanamalla, Kadamba of Goa, 191.
Dynastic List, 292.
Tribhuvanamalla-Betmaraja, 152.
Tribhuvanamalla > Bijjala, Kalachuri,
Dynastic List, 293.
Tribhuvanamalla- Jagaddeva, 151, 152.
Tribhuvanamalla Kamadeva, Pandya, 138.
Tribhuvanamalla Narasiriiha I, 155, 159,
160.
Dynastic List, 289.
Tribhuvanamalla Pandyadeva, 142.
Tribhuvanamalla Vishnuvardhana, Hoysaja :
see title Vishnuvardhana, Bittiga, Tribhu-
vanamalla II.
Tribhuvanapala, Chaulukya, 189.
Dynastic List, 282.
Trigarta or Kot Kaiigra, Rajas of, Dynastic
List, 306.
Trilochanapala of Lahor, 110, 112.
Trilochanapala of Latadesa, 123.
Grant, 98.
Trilochanapaladeva, 114.
Triloka of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Triloki Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Trimal Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Triparadeisos, division of Makedonian
Empire, 10.
Tripitaka, texts collected by, 54.
Tripuri, attacked by Lakshmadeva, 143.
" Trishashtisalakapurushacharita," 152.
" Trishashtismriti," 185.
Tristutika or Agamika sect, formation, 169.
Trivandram inscriptions, 144, 228.
Trivikramabhatta, author, 85, 183.
Tufal of Berar,' Dynastic List, 317.
Tughan Khan, 109.
Tughan Rais, 244, 245.
Tughlaq Shah I : see title Ghiyasu-d-Dln
Tughlaq.
Tughlaq Shah II of Delhi, 231.
Dynastic List, 312.
Tughlaq Shahis of Delhi, Dynastic List,
312.
Tughlaqpur, Tlnmr victorious, 237.
Tughril Beg, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123.
Death, 123.
Dynastic List, 311.
Ghazni seized by, 123.
Tughril-i-Tughan Khan, 184, 189, 190.
Death, 191.
Dynastic List, 213.
" Tuhfatu-1-girani," 59.
" Tuhfatu-1-Kiram," Dynastic List from,
305.
" Tuhfatu-s-Saghlr," 195.
"Tuhfatu-s-Salatln," 227.
Tukharistan, subdued by Ya'qub ibn Lais,
78.
Tu-lo-p'o-pa-ch'a, name given to Dhruva-
sena II, 48.
Tulu king, subdued by Vishnuvardhana,
140.
Tundira king, conquered by Virupaksha,
230.
Tunga, daughter of, marries Rajyapala,
298.
Tungabhadra, attacked by Govinda III, 69.
Turgai, Mughal invasion headed by, 211.
Turiiia, captured by Mithridates I, 13.
Turkistan, invaded by Muhammad-i-Bakht-
yar, 173.
Turks :
Constantinople, conquest of, 258.
Sultans of Delhi, Dynastic List, 311.
INDEX.
401
Turtae, Mughal leader, 179.
Turushkas, war with Bhoja, 109.
Tus:
Abu 'Ali-i-Simjur defeated near,
102.
Muhammad - i - Kharnak commands
forces at, 172.
Prince of, alliance with 'Abdu-llah
ibn 'Amar, 53.
Tushi, 184.
Tuz-Tigln, attacked by Mas'ud, 117.
Tyagaraja temple inscription, 137.
Tyarsau copper-plate, 261.
U.
Ubaidullah or 'Abdu-llah, governor of
Sistan, 59.
'Ubbad, 73.
Uchchala of Kashmir, 135, 136, 138.
Dynastic List, 294.
Uchchangi :
Capital city of Vijaya Pandyadeva,
143.
Marasimha victorious at, 94.
Uchchhakalpa, Maharajas of, 31.
Dynastic List, 307-
Uchh:
DiLshad conquers, 268.
Firuzl College, 169, 181.
Jalalu-d-Din, expedition, 179, 180.
Mahmud Shah, expedition, 195, 196,
197.
Minhaj-i-Saraj visits, 181.
Mughal expeditions, 190, 191, 199.
Pir Muhammad, expedition, 234, 235.
Shamsu-d-Din Altamsh, expedition,
181.
Sher Khan - i - Sunqar, expedition,
194.
TJdabhandapura, identified with "Waihand,
80.
Udaiyar, Dynastic List, 297.
Udaya of Mevad, 152.
Dynastic List, 287.
Udayachandra of Vilvala, 63.
Udayadeva of Western Nepal, Dynastic
List, 306.
Udayaditya, general under SomeSvara II,
128.
Udayaditya, Hoysala, 141.
Udayaditya, Paramara of Malava, 131, 132.
Daughter marries Vijayasimha, 287.
Dynastic List, 300.
Granddaughter marries Gayakarna-
deva, 153.
Nagpur prasasti, 121.
Udayaditya-Ganga-Permadi, governor of
Banavasi and Santalige districts, 139.
Udayaditya-Vlra-Kalarasa, 160.
Udayagiri inscriptions, 30.
Udayakara, 87.
Udayamati, wife of Bhimadeva, 122.
Udayana, 64, 70, 195.
Udayaprabhadeva, 259.
Udayaprabhasuri, 182.
Udayaraja, of Lohara, 106.
Udayasimha of Javalipura, 179, 185.
Udayasimha of Marvad, Dynastic List, 297.
Udayasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 288.
UdayafWa, Udayin, or Udibhi, 6.
Udayavarmadeva, Paramara of Malava, 171,
178.
Udayavarman, Paramara of Malava, 148.
Udayendiram grant, 64.
Udayendiram plates, Dynastic List from,
276.
TJddharanadeva of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
306.
Udepur praSasti and inscriptions, 92, 96, 97,
98, 131, 178, 198, 212, 249, 265.
Udhyan Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
TJdyot Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Ugrasena of Palakka, 28.
Ujjain:
Altamsh captures, 184.
Capital of Chashtana's kingdom, 23.
Copper-plates, 97, 99, 109, 147, 150.
Firiiz Shah II, expedition, 207.
Junaid, expedition, 62.
U-K'ong, visits India, 66.
Uktae, invasion of country near Hind and
Kashmir, 185.
" Ullasikkama-stotram," 203.
Ulpalaplda of Kashmir, 77.
Ulugh Khan :
Campaigns, 209, 210, 211.
Death, 211.
Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam: see title Ghiyasu-d-
Din Balban.
Umaiyade Khalifahs, line ends with Mar-
wan II, 65.
'Umar, Khalifah, 52.
'Umar, viceroy in Samarqand, 235.
'Umar of Sindh, Dynastic List, 30-5.
'Umar ibn 'Abdu-l-'Aziz, Khalifah, 61.
'Umar ibn Hafs ibn 'Usraan of Sindh, 67.
'Umar Khan, revolt in Budaun, 210.
'Umar Khan, revolt in Chanderi, 253, 254.
'Umar Sumra of Sindh, Dynastic List,
305.
Umeta copper-plate, 35.
'Umro, 80, 94.
Unar of Sindh, 302.
Undabhata, 83.
402
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Unmattavanti of Kashmir, 89.
Vagisvara, poet, 148.
Dynastic List, 294.
Vagrahasta II of Kalinga, Dynastic List,
" Upadesachintamani," 229.
286.
" Upadesamala," 164,228.
Vahadavarman, Dynastic List, 292.
" Upadesaratnakara," 230.
Vaidyadeva, king of Kamariipa, 148.
Upagupta, wife of Isvaravarman, 308.
Copper-plate of, 299.
Upali, Buddhist council under, 6.
Vaidyanatha, 258.
" Upamitabhavaprapaficha Katha," 83.
Vaijayanti, king of, subdued by Kirti-
Upasunya, translator, 40.
varman I, 42.
Uppinakatti, captured by Achagi, 143.
Vaillabhattasvamin temple inscription, 77.
Tirana inscriptions, 147, 193.
Vaipulya class, Sutras of, first translation,
Urasa, attacked by Gopalavarman, 83.
27.
Ushavadata, 23.
Vairata or Harasapala of Mevad, Dynastic
'Usman, Sultan of Samrqand, 173.
List, 287.
'Usman Ahmad Sarkheji, 242.
Vairavarman, 101.
'Usman ibn Asi Saqafi, governor of Bahrain
Vairisiriiha I of Malara, 74.
and 'Uman, 50.
Dynastic List, 300.
Utkarsha of Kashmir, 133.
Vairisimha II of Malava, 74, 92.
Dynastic List, 294.
Dynastic List, 300.
1 ' Utp adasidhiprakarana, " 153.
Vairisimha of Mevad, Dynastic List, 287.
Utpala, astronomer, 95.
" Vairochanaparajaya," 134, 136.
Utpala, S'aiva philosopher, 87, 92.
Vaisakha copper-plate, 72.
Utpala dynasty, 77, 89.
Vaisall :
List, 294.
Ajatasatru captures, 6.
Utpaladeva, 94.
Buddhist council at, 7.
Utpalapida, Dynastic List, 294.
Fa-hien visits, 29.
TTt-Ta'I'u-L'iilah, Khalifah, 98.
I-tsing visits, 56.
Uttamabhadra, release of, 23.
Vaitumba, conquered by Parantaka I, 82.
" Uttaradhyayanasiitra," 129.
" Vajasaneya Samhita," 109.
" UttarMhyayanasutratlka," 120.
Vajjada I or Vaj jadadeva, S'ilahara, 103.
'* Uttaramacharita," 62.
' Dynastic List, 303.
" Uttarapurana," 77,82.
Vajjada II or Vajjadadeva, S'ilahara, 110.
" Uttararamacharita," 58.
' Dynastic List, 303.
Uvata, author, 109.
Vajjaya, Panara prince, 88.
Vajjuka, daughter of, marries Ratnaraja,
293.
Vajrabodhi, translator, 61.
V.
Vajrachchhedika, translator, 29.
VachaspatimiSra, author, 194, 195.
Vajradaman, 98.
Vachhigamantrin, 130.
Dynastic List, 291.
Vachugi, Dynastic List, 290.
Vajraditya or Chandrapida, 60, 293.
Vadaja, wife of S'ri-Harshadeva, 92.
Vajrahasta II of Kalinga, Dynastic List,
Vaddiga or Baddiga, 88, 300.
286.
Vaddiga, or Vadugi I, of Seunadesa, 104.
Vajrahasta III of Kalinga, Dynastic List,
Dynastic List, 310.
286.
Vadiraja, 219.
Vajrahasta IV of Kalinga, Dynastic List,
"Vadivetala, 120.
286.
Vadugi II of SeunadeSa, 127.
Vajrahasta V of Kalinga, 119, 128.
Dynastic List, 310.
Dvnastic List, 286.
Vagada, conquered by Sindhuraja, 102.
Vajrata, 109.
Vagbhata, author, 136, 201.
Vajratasvamin or Vairisimha II of Malava,
Vaghela branch, Chaulukyas of Anhilvad,
74, 92, 300.
179, 282.
Vajrinldevi, wife of Naravardhana, 306.
Vakataka Maharajas, Dynastic List, 307.
Vaghelas :
Bhimadeva loses possessions to, 162.
Vakkaleri grants, 64, 65.
Muda and Manai defeat, 290.
Vakpati, author, 62.
Vaghli, inscription, 127.
Vakpati, Chandella, Dynastic List, 281.
Yaglsatlrtha, 220.
Vakpati I of Ajmir, Dynastic List, 277.
INDEX.
403
Vakpati 11 of Ajralr, 115.
Vardhamana, 95, 113.
Dynastic List, 277.
Vakpati I of Malava, 74, 92.
Varika tribe, inscription, 28.
Varkkalai inscription, 263.
Dynastic List, 300.
Vakpati II, Utpalaraja, Munja, Amogha-
Varmans, Dynastic List, 308.
Varvaraka, subdued by Yasovarman, 134.
varsha, Prithivivallabha of Malava, 97,
Vasantapala, Buddhist buildings erected by,
98, 102, 103.
114.
Authors flourishing under, 96, 100.
Vasantasena of Nepal, 66.
Copper-plate of, 99.
Dynastic List, 296.
Dynastic List, 300.
" Vasavadatta," 43.
Vakpatiraja, author, 58.
Vasco da Gama, voyage of, 266.
" Vakrokti Pafichasika," 75.
" Vastumandana," 254.
" Yakvapadlya," 50.
Vastupala, 179, 183, 194.
Valabhi :
Death, 185, 188.
Bharoch attacked hy kings of, 32.
Inscription, 204.
Council at, 33.
Virama murdered at instigation of,
Harshavardhana attacks, 45, 48.
185.
Hiuen Tsang visits, 51.
Works written in honour of, 1S2, 183.
Valabhi dvnasty, 36, 67.
Vasuhhandhu, 35, 39, 49.
List, 308.
Vasudeva, 201.
Valabhi or Gupta era, 27.
Vasudeva, feudatory of Sovideva, 160.
Valaga, death of, 88.
Vasudeva, founder of Kanva dynasty, 18.
Yaiaka-Kamaya or Akkalaraja, 261.
Vasudeva, Kushana or Turushka, 24.
Vallabha, 78.
Vasugupta, S'aiva philosopher, 70, 76.
Dynastic List, 295.
Vasumitra, Buddhist scholiast, 49.
Vallabha, Vaishnava reformer, 263.
Vasumitra (Shih-yu), president of Buddhist
Vallabhadeva, 87, 99.
council, 21.
Vallabhanarendra III, 96.
Vatapi, destroyed by Narasimhavarman I,
Vallabharaja, Chaulukva, 108.
52.
Dynastic List, 282.
Vatapipura, capital city of Satyasraya, 41.
Vallabharaja Pulikesin II, 52.
Vatsadevi, wife of S'ivadeva II, 62.
Varaadeva of Nepal, 126, 132, 148.
Vatsadevi, wife of Sthiragupta, 35.
Vamana, 201.
Vatsaraja of Avanti, 69.
Vatsaraj"a, Chaulukya, 123.
Vamana, author of " Kasika Vritti," 49.
Vamana, author of " Kavyalankaravritti,"
Vatsaraja, Dighwa-Dubaull copper-plate,
68, 70.
310.
Vanalur, battle, 64.
Vatsaraja, Maharanaka of Kakaredi, 161,
Vanapalli copper-plate, 228.
170.
Vanaraja of Anhilvad, 65, 71.
Dynastic List, 292.
Dynastic List, 282.
Vatsaraja, Singara, 147.
Vanaraja of Gedla family, 181.
Vattiira, king of, subdued by Kirtivarman I,
Vandavasi copper-plate, 242.
42.
Vanga, kings of:
Vatudasa, 174.
Amoghavarsha I worshipped by, 72.
' ' Vedantakalpataru , " 194.
Karnadeva subdues, 121.
Vedantists, Madhva sect, rise of, 141.
Kirtivarman subdues, 42.
Vedasarman, poet, 204.
Vangaladesa, conquered by Rajendra-Chola,
Yedura I of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
106.
Vedura II of Velanandu, Dynastic List, 309.
Van! Dindori copper-plates, 69.
Yappuvanna, S'ilahara, Dynastic List, 303.
Vehanji, Dynastic List, 290.
Velanandu, chiefs of, Dynastic List, 309.
Yaraha, 69.
Velur inscription, 89.
Yanihamihira, 38, 42, 43, 95.
Vema, 228.
Yarahasimha, Maharaja, inscription, 55.
Venetian trade in the East, 174, 258.
Yarahran V, repels invasion of White Huns,
VengI :
32.
Amoghavarsha I worshipped by lords
Varanasi :
of, 72.
I-tsing visits, 56.
Anarchy in, 96, 106.
U-K'ong visits, 66.
Chalukya-Bhima I reconquers, 81.
404
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Vengi :
Eastern Chalukyas of, 49, 86, 279.
Radhanpur grant, 70.
Rajaraja conquers, 100.
" Venisamhara," 75.
Venkataraya, Dynastic List, 309.
Venna, Dynastic List, 295.
Vepparnbatta temple inscription, 240.
Verawal inscription, 202.
Vernal equinoxes, 37, 38.
Veshadhara sect, rise of, 263.
" Vessantara," 56.
Vesugi I of Seunadesa, 113.
Dynastic List, 310.
Vesugi II of Seunadesa, 127.
Dynastic List, 310.
Vichana, 182, 186.
Vichana or Blchana, 193.
" Vichavaratnasangiaha," 178.
" Vicharasara," lb 8.
"VicharaSeni,"211.
Vidagdha of Hastikundi, 85, 89, 103.
" Viddhasalabhanjika," 82.
Vidhyadhara, Chandella, 113, 118.
Dynastic List, 282.
Vidudabha or Virudhaka of Kosala, 6.
Vidyadhara, 105.
Vidyadhara, founds Buddhist convent, 179.
Vidyadhiraja, High Priest of Madhva sect,
218.
Vidyananda, identical with Patrakesarin, 72.
Vidyanatha, author, 213.
Vidyanidhitlrtha, High Priest of Madhva
sect, 230.
Vidyapati, author, 194, 237.
Vigraha, Dynastic List, 295.
Vigrahapala I or Siirapala of Bengal,
Dynastic List, 298.
Vigrahapala II of Bengal, 114.
Dynastic List, 298.
Vigrahapala III of Bengal, 129, 131.
Dynastic List, 298.
Vigrahapala of Nadole, Dynastic List, 278.
Vigrahapaladeva of Budaun, Dynastic List,
299.
Vigraharaja I, Chahamana, Dynastic List,
277.
Vigraharaja II, Chahamana, 97.
Dynastic List, 277.
Vigraharaja III, Chahamana, Dynastic
List, 277.
Vigraharaja IV, Chahamana, 154, 157.
Dynastic List, 277.
Vijamba, wife of Indra III, 85.
Vijaya, Chandella, Dynastic List, 281.
Vijaya, Raja of Maisiir, Dynastic List, 297.
Vijaya, Rama of Trigarta, Dynastic List,
307.
Vijaya-Pandvadeva, ruler of Nolambavad
district, 143, 157, 159.
Vijayabahu Vikramaditya II, Bana king,
Dynastic List, 276.
Vijayabhattarika, or Vijayamahadevi, wife
of Chandraditya, 54.
Vijayachandra of Kanauj, 158, 159.
Dynastic List, 285.
Vijayachandrasuri, 180.
Vijayaditya I, Bana king, Dynastic List,
276.
Vijayaditya II or Pugalvippavar-Ganda,
Bana king, Dynastic List, 276.
Vijayaditya i , Bhattaraka, Eastern Chalukya,
65, 67.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vijayaditya II, Eastern Chalukya, 70, 76.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vijayaditya III, Eastern Chalukya, 69, 76,
81.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vijayaditya IV, Eastern Chalukya, 85, 86,
88.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vijayaditya V, Eastern Chalukya, 86.
Dynastic List, 280.
Vijayaditya VI, or Amma II, Eastern
Chalukya, 90.
Dynastic List, 280.
Vijayaditya VII, Eastern Chalukya, viceroy
of Vengi, 125.
Vijayaditya I or Beta, Eastern Chalukya of
Pithapuram, 172.
Dynastic List, 280.
Vijayaditya II, Eastern Chalukya of Pitha-
puram, Dynastic List, 280.
Vijayaditya III, Eastern Chalukya of
Pithapuram, 172.
Dynastic List, 280.
Vijayaditya, Eastern Chalukya of Vengi,
128, 130.
Vijayaditya or Beta of Vengi, 172, 280.
Vijayaditya I, Kadamba of Goa, 133.
Dynastic List, 291.
Vijayaditya II, Kadamba of Goa, 164, 166.
Dynastic List, 292.
Vijayaditya, S'ilahara of Eolhapur, 149,
150, 166.
Dynastic List, 304.
Vijayaditya (Satyasraya), Western Chalukya,
59, 63,
Dynastic List, 278.
Vijayalaya, 89.
Dynastic List, 283.
Vijayanagara :
Dynastic Lists, 309.
Flriiz Shah, invasion, 246.
Inscriptions, 229, 230, 247.
INDEX.
405
Vijayanagara :
Muhammad Shah, invasion, 226, 227.
Timma, founder of Second Dynasty,
258.
Vijayapala or Ajayapala, inscription, 151.
Vijayapala, Chandella, 118, 123.
Dynastic List, 282.
Vijayapala, Chudasama, Dynastic List, 284.
Vijayapala, Kachchhapaghata prince, 133.
Dynastic List, 29 1 .
Vijayapala of Kanauj, 93, 105.
Yijayariiij, Dynastic List, 290.
Viiayarka, 152.
Vijayasena, Dynastic List, 303.
Vijayasena, Western Kshatrapa, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Yijayaseimsuri, 202.
Vijayasimha, 156.
Vijayasimha of Marvad, Dynastic List,
297.
Vijayasimha of Mevad :
Daughter marries Gayakarnadeva,
153.
Dynastic List, 287
Yijayasimhadeva, Kalachuri of Chedi, 163,
170.
Dynastic List, 293.
Vijayasimhasuri, author, 212.
Vijayavarman, Kadamba of Hangal,
Dynastic List, 292.
Vijayavarmaraja, Chalukya of Gujarat, 52.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vijayesvara or Vijabror, 131.
Vijjala or Bijjala, wife of Vira Somesvara,
184.
Vijjala, Vijjana, or Bijjala: see title
Bijjala, Kalachuri.
Vijfianesvara, author, 133.
Vikiramangalam inscription, 194.
Vikrama or Vikramaditya, 159.
Vikrama Chand, Dynastic List, 281.
Vikrama- Choda, Chalukya, Dynastic List,
280.
Vikrama-Choda or Parakesarivarman, Chola
king, 137, i44.
Dynastic List, 283.
Vikrama-Choda or Vikrama-Kudra, chief of
Konamandala, 145.
Vikrama- Tandya, 144.
Vikrama Shahi of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
306.
Vikrama, Sinda of Yelburga, 162.
Dynastic List, 304.
Vikramaditya, 18, 86, 87.
Vikramaditya I, Bana king, Dynastic List,
276.
Vikramaditya II, Eastern Chalukya, 86,
280.
Vikramaditya, Eastern Chalukya of Pitha-
puram, Dynastic List, 280.
Vikramaditya, Guhila of Mevad, Dynastic
List, 287.
Vikramaditya III, Gutta of Guttal, 202.
Dynastic List, 289.
Vikramaditya I, "Western Chalukya of
Badami, 52, 54, 55, 57.
Dynastic List, 278.
Vikramaditya II, Western Chalukya of
Badami, 63, 64, 65.
Dynastic List, 278.
Vikramaditya III, Western Chalukya of
Badami, Dynastic List, 278.
Vikramaditya IV, Western Chalukya of
Badami, Dynastic List, 278.
Vikramaditya V, Western Chalukya of
Kalyana, 108, 111.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vikramaditya VI, "Western Chalukya of
Kalyana, 129, 144.
Bammarasa, tax administrator under,
138.
Bilhana flourishes at court of, 128.
Campaigns, 120, 127, 128, 129.
Daughter marries Jayakesin II, 142.
Dynastic List, 279.
Feudatories under, 122, 126, 129,
130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138,
139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145.
Gonkidevarasa, contemporary, 143.
Jayakarna, son of, 136.
Jayasimha, rebellion, 126.
Vijnanesvara flourishes under, 133.
Wives of, districts governed by,
134.
" Vikramankadevacharita," 128.
Vikramarka of Vardhamaua, 84.
" Vikramarjuna Vijaya," 90.
Vikramasimha of Mevad, Dynastic List,
287.
Vikramasimha, Kachchhapaghata, 133.
Dynastic List, 291.
Inscription, 113.
Vikramaslta, 76.
Vilas, subdued by Vinayaditya, 57.
Villana of Mangalaveshtaka, 165.
Vimal S'ah, builds Jaina temple, 116.
Virnalachandrasuri, author, 228.
Vimaladitya, Chalukya, 72.
Vimaladitya, Chalukya of Pithapuram,
Dynastic List, 280.
Vimaladitya, Eastern Chalukya, 110, 112.
Dynastic List, 280.
Marries daughter of Rajaraja, 100.
Vimalakshas, translator, 30.
Vimokshaprajna Rishi or Vimokshasena,
translator, 41.
406
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Vinayaditya, Chalukya of Badami, 57, 59.
Dynastic List, 278.
Vinavadiiya, Hoysala, 122.
] )ynastic List, 289.
Vinayaditya of Kalihga, Dvnastic List,
286.
Vinayakapala, 67, 70.
Dynastic List, 310.
"Vinayapitaka," 29.
Vindhyasakti, Dynastic List, 307.
Vindhyavarman of Malava, 148, 156, 177.
Dynastic List, 300.
Vihgavelli, Amoghavarsha victorious at, 72
A initaruchi, translator, 43.
Vira-Ballala, Hoysala: see title Ballala II,
Vira- Ballala, Tribhuvanamalla.
Vira-Ballala III, 213.
Dynastic List, 289.
Vira-Bijjirasa, 177.
Vira- Champa, 214.
Vlra-Ohodadeva Vishnuvardhana IX, viceroy
of Veiigi, 131.
Vira-Chola, inscription, 101.
Vira-Gonkarasa, 160, 163.
Vira Iranian Kerala Varman, ruler in
Venad, 144, 156, 176.
Vira Iravi Kerala Varman Tiruvadi, ruler
in Venad, 184.
Vira-Kambana-TTdaiyar, 227, 228.
Vira-Maliendra, identical with Mahendra-
dhiraja, 82.
Vira-Mallideva or Mallikarjuna, 178.
Vira-Narasimha, Hoysala, Dynastic List,
289.
Vira-Narasimha of Vijayanagara, 269.
Dynastic List, 309.
ViraPadmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi,
ruler of Venad, 195.
Vira-Pandya, Kulottuhga Chodadeva slays,
144.
Vira-Pandya, Ma'bar throne seized by,
213.
Vira-Pandya, Kavivar man. defeats, 203.
Vira-Pandya: title assumed by S'ri Vira
Udaiya Martanda Varma II, 215.
Vira-Pandyadeva, ruler of Nolanibavadi
district,' 147.
Vira Rama Varman Tiruvadi, ruler in
Venad, 171.
Vira-Ramadevarasa, 160.
Vira-Ramanatha, 184, 197.
Inscriptions, 202, 203, 204.
Vira-Rajendra I, or Rajakesarivarman Vira-
Rajendradeva I :
Alliance with Vikramaditya, 127.
Dynastic List, 283.
Vira - Rajendra - Choda of Velanandu,
Dynastic List, 309.
Vira- Somes vara, Hoysala, 184, 194, 196,
197.
Dynastic List, 289.
Vira Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi of
Venad, 160.
Vira-Vijaya, 242, 247.
Dynastic List, 309.
Vira-Vikramaditya I, 163.
Dynastic List, 289.
Vira-Vikramaditya II, 164, 186.
Dynastic List, 289.
Vira Virtipaksha, Ballala, inscription, 208.
Virabhadra of Orangal, 217.
Dynastic List, 292.
" Viracharita," 58, 62.
Viracharya, 72.
Viradaman, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Viradhavala, Rana of Dholka, 179.
Death, 185.
Dynastic List, 282.
Singhana's expedition against, 176.
Somesvara, chaplain to, 183.
Udayasimha, contemporary, 179.
Vastupala, minister of, 179, 183,
195.
Vaghela, branch of Chaulukyas
founded by, 179.
Virahavala, conversion, 191.
Virama of Dholka, 185.
Virama of Gwaliar, Dynastic List, 306.
Viramadeva, Rao of Marvad, 297.
Viramitrasena of Gwaliar, Dynastic List,
306.
Viranandin, author, 154.
Viranarayana-Ahavamalla, Dynastic List,
293.
Virapratapa, Bukka II of Vijayanagara,
240.
Dynastic List, 309.
Virasimha, Chapotkata of Anhilvad, 81, 86.
Dynastic List, 282.
Virasimha, Gahga, Dynastic List, 286.
Virasimha, Rawal, seizes Dungarpur, 2?5.
Virasimha, Tomara of Gwaliar, Dynastic
List, 306.
Virasimhadeva, Kachchhapaghata, 142.
Viravarman, Chandella, 201, 206.
Dynastic List, 282.
ViriiTchipuram inscriptions, 247, 262.
Virudhaka or Vidudabha of Kosala, 6.
Virupaksha of Vijayanagara, 230.
Viriipaksha I of Vijayanagara, 261.
Dynastic List, 309.
Virupaksha II of Vijayanagara, Dynastic
List, 309.
Viryarama of Ajmir, 115, 132.
Dynastic List, 277.
INDEX.
407
Visaladeva of Dholka and Anhilvad, 176,
185, 189, 202.
Anhilvad, throne usurped by, 189.
Authors flourishing under, 187.
Dynastic List, 282.
Krishna defeats, 192.
Vastupala, minister, 194.
Vishnu temples, 33, 86, 115.
Vishnuchandra of Kumaun, 270.
Vishnuchitta Vijayaditya, Dynastic List,
292.
Vishnugopa of Kanchi, 28.
Vishnugupta, Dynastic List, 288.
1 ' Vishnutattvanirnaya, " 141.
Vishnuvardhana, Bittiga, Tribhuvana-
malla II, Hoysala,' 140, 155.
Campaigns, 130, 135, 140, 142, 144,
150.
Dynastic List, 289.
Vishnuvardhana I, Chalukya of Pithapuram,
Dynastic List, 280.
Vishnuvardhana II, Chalukya of Pitha-
puram, Dynastic List, 280.
Vishnuvardhana I, Eastern Chalukya, 47,
50.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vishnuvardhana II, Eastern Chalukya, 55,
57:
Dynastic List, 279.
Vishnuvardhana III, Eastern Chalukya,
60, 65.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vishnuvardhana IV, Eastern Chalukya, 67,
70!
Dynastic List, 279.
Vishnuvardhana V, Eastern Chalukya, 76.
Dynastic List, 279.
Vishnuvardhana VI, or Amma : see title
Amma I.
Vishimvardhana, Raja of Varika tribe, 28.
Vishnuvardhana - Vijayaditya, ruler of
NolambavMi district, 126.
Yishnuvarman, Dynastic List, 292.
" Visuddimagga, 30.
Visvamalla, 262.
" VisvaprakaSa," 130.
Visvarupa Thakur, Dynastic List, 305.
Visvarupasena, Dynastic List, 303.
Visvasadevi, 305.
Visvasena, 27.
Dynastic List, 296.
Visvasimha, 27.
Dynastic List, 296.
Visvavarman, 31, 33.
Dynastic List, 308.
VisveSvarabhatta, author, 228.
Dynastic List taken from, 295.
Vittarasa, 184, 203.
** Vivadachandra," 226.
" Vivadasara," 237.
" Vivek Sindhu," 172.
" Vivekamanjarl," 167, 202.
" Vivekavilasa," 175,179.
Vizapatam copper-plate, 131.
Vizapatam grant, Dynastic List from, 286.
Vonones, 17, 18.
Vovindachandra, conquered by Rajendra-
Chola, 106.
Vriddhi of Trigarta, Dynastic List, 307.
Vrihaspati Cycle, introduction, 113.
" Vrihatkathamanjari," 118.
Vrishadeva of Nepal, 60.
Dynastic List, 296.
Vudharaia of Kalinga, 16.
♦'Vuttodaya," 167.
Vyaghra of Uchchakalpa, 31.
Dynastic List, 307.
Vyaghragrahara, S'aiva temple at, 82.
Vyaghrapalliya branch, Chaulukyas of
Anhilvad, 179.
Dynastic List, 282.
Vyaghraraja of Mahakantara, 28.
W.
Wagam Chavada, slain by Jam Muda, 290.
Waihand, identical with Udabhandapura,
■ 80.
Wajiu-1-Mulk, 232.
" Waki'at-i-Mush-taqi," 266.
Wala copper-plate, 45.
Wall Abu Nasr, 109.
Wall- Allah Shah of Kulbarga, 272, 273.
Dynastic List, 317.
Wang Hsiian-tse, expedition to Thanesar,
53.
War-mesh-i-Bat, subdued by Mas'iid, 111.
Warash Khan, 269.
Wardak inscription, 22.
Wei-k'i-nan visits kingdom of Wu, 25.
Wen Chang, 53.
Whatindah, Anandpal defeated at, 108.
White Huns : see title Huns.
Whitefield inscription, 208.
Wu kingdom, visited by S'ramanas, 25, 26.
T.
Yadavas, Early, of Seunade6a
Dynastic List, 309.
Rise of, 74.
408
THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA.
Yadavas, Later, of Devagiri :
Dynastic List, 310.
Harapala, last of, 215.
Hoysala dominions conquered by,
122,' 180.
Eatta independence checked by, 79.
Yahya, governor of Shash and Isfanjab, 73.
YajfiaSri S'atakarni, 24, 25.
Yajnavalkya, 164.
Yakshamalla of Nepal, Dynastic List, 249.
Yaniinu-d-Din Muhammad Hasan Amir
Khusru, poet, 195.
Yanemarasa, 137.
Ya'qub, captured by Abu-1- Hasan, 104.
Ya'qub Sikandar Khan, Malik, 231.
Ya'qub-i-Lais, governor of Sindh, 78, 80.
Yarhwal, Anekamalla victorious in, 167.
Yasahkarnadeva of Chedi, 143, 153.
Dynastic List, 293.
Yasaskaradeva of Kashmir, 89, 91.
Dynastic List, 294.
" YaSastilaka," 74, 93.
Yasobhata-Ramahgada, Yasodaman I, 26.
Dynastic List, 296.
Yasodaman II, 27.
Dynastic List-, 296.
Yasodeva or Yasodevasuri, author, 143.
YaSodhara, 74.
Yasodharman, 40.
Gupta power overthrown by, 27,
39, 40.
Maliya copper-plate, 39.
YaSogupta, translations by, 42.
Yasomitidevi, wife of Prabhakaravardhana,
43.
Yasovarman, Chalukya, 72.
Yasovarman, Chandella, 86, 92.
Dynastic List, 282.
Inscription, 93.
Yasovarman of Kanauj :
Lalitaditya conquers, 63.
Poets flourishing under, 58, 62.
Yasovarman (Maukhari Varman), Dynastic
List, 308.
Yasovarman of Malava, 147.
Dynastic List, 300.
Jayasimha Siddharaja conquers, 134.
Piplianagar copper-plate, 177.
Ya£ovigraha, 135.
Dynastic List, 285.
"Yatijitakalpavritti," 238.
Yaudheyas :
Eudradaman I conquers, 24.
Samudragupta conquers, 28.
Yavanas, conquest of Madhyamikas, 17.
Yayadharmamalla, 242,
Yayati Maha - S'ivagupta, Dynastic List,
305.
Yazdijard II of Persia, defeats White Huns,
33, 34.
Yazdijard III of Persia, defeated by 'Abdu-
llah ibn 'Amar, 53.
Yazdijard era, commencement, 50.
Yazid ibn Abu Kabshah el Suksuki of
Sindh, 61.
Yelburga, Sindas of, 162, 304.
Yelivarru, grant from, 90.
Yen-kao-chen, identical with Hooemo
Kadphises, 19.
Yenamadala inscription, 193.
Yin-mo-fu, 18.
Yndopherres, 19, 20.
Yogachara system, 35.
Yogaraja of Anhilvad, 71, 76.
Dynastic List, 282.
Yogaratnamalla, 186.
" Yogasastra," 152,228.
Yogesvarasirhha, Dynastic List, 276.
Yuddhamalla I, Chalukya, Dynastic List,
280.
Yuddhamalla II, Chalukya, 87, 88.
Dynastic List, 280.
Yuddhamalla, Jayasraya, Mahgalaraja, 63.
Dynastic List, 279.
Yueh-ti, conquers Sogdiana, 15.
Yusuf Adil Shah, dynasty founded by, 265,
318.
Yusuf ibn Sabuk-Tigin, conspires against
Muhammad, 115.
Yusuf Khan Auhadi, defeats Banu, 252.
Yusuf Shah Chakh, Dynastic List, 315.
Yusuf, Shaikh, king of Multan, 255, 256.
Yusuf zai inscription, 21.
Yusufzai, Shaikh, historian, 244.
Yuvaraja I of Chedi, 88, 92.
Dynastic List, 293.
Yuvaraja II of Chedi, 98.
Dynastic List, 293.
Kokkalladeva, son of, 105.
Vakpati II subdues, 97.
Yuvaraja, Kachchhapaghata Prince, 291.
Z.
£afar Khan, Mughal invasions, 209, 210.
Zafar Khan, governor of Gujarat, 215, 226,
227.
Zafar Khan, governor of Gujarat, 234.
Campaigns, 232, 233, 234.
Deposition, 238.
Zafar Khan (Hasan Gangu) : see title Hasan
Gangu.
Zafhar, tomb of 'Abdu-r-Rahman at, 74.
INDEX.
409
Zahiru-d-Daulah Ibrahim of Ghazni,
125,
Zamotika, 23.
131, 135.
Zanbil, 52.
Birth, 116.
Zarmaros, embassy to Augustus, 19.
Dynastic List, 311.
Zawulistan, subdued by Ya'qub ibn Lais,
Zalnru-d-Din Muhammad Babar : see
title
78.
Babar.
Zeionises, 19, 20.
Zahiru-1-Mulk, 271.
Zirak Khan, Amir of Samana, 243, 244,
Zain Khan or Kabul Shah, 100.
245, 252.
Dynastic List, 285.
Ziyad, governor of Basra, Khurasan, and
Zainab, daughter of Mahraud, 114.
Sistan, o5.
Zainu-l-'Abidin of Kashmir, 243, 257.
Ziyau-d-Din Barani, historian, 205.
Dynastic List, 315.
Ziyau-d-Din Muhammad, 167, 172, 173.
Zamin-i-Dawar, subdued by Ya'qub
ibn
Zu'n-Nun, Amir, 263, 268.
Lais, 78.
PIUXTED HY STEl'HEN AUSTIN AND SO.NS, HEUTEUlUJ.
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i5
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19
BARTHOLOMEW'S
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20
The Romance of our Ancient Churches.
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21
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22
CONSTABLE'S REPRINT OF
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23
CONSTABLE'S LIBRARY
OF
HISTORICAL NOVELS
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24
THE CENTENARY EDITION OF
The Stories of Samuel Lover.
A complete uniform Edition of the Stories of Samuel Lover.
Edited, with an Introduction and Notes
By J. T. O'DONOGHUE.
Large Crown 8vo, 6s. per Volume. Sold
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25
THREE INSTRUCTIVE
AND BEAUTIFUL HISTORICAL BOOKS
THE KING'S STORY BOOK.
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Also
THE PRINCE'S STORY BOOK.
Edited by G. LAURENCE GOMME.
Illustrated by H. S. BANKS.
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PLANTATION PAGEANTS.
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Fully illustrated by E. Boyd SMITH. 6s.
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SISTER JANE.
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Of all Mr. Harris's recent stories 'Sister Jane' is the best." — Academy.
26
FATE THE FIDDLER.
By HERBERT C. MACILWAINE.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
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"It proclaims its author as a serious and promising
literary artist who must be reckoned with, whose work must
be watched book by book as it appears, whose achievement
is already notable." — Academy.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
DINKINBAR.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
"There is good food for thought as well as a right
good story in Mr. Macllwaine's record of 'Dinkinbar.' " —
Daily Chronicle.
27
THE OLD DOMINION.
By MARY JOHNSTON.
Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
u We have had of late an abundance of romance, but not better than this.
The heroine is adorable. The whole book is a masterpiece of romance." —
British Weekly.
uIt is an exciting narrative of a perilous adventure, and of a hate that
was converted into love as strong as death. The characters are drawn with a
strong hand, and the interest is sustained to the end." — Punch.
Over 200,000 copies sold.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
BY ORDER OF THE COMPANY.
Fifth English Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"Miss Mary Johnston's former novel prepared the reader to welcome her
name on a title-page, and c By Order of the Company ' will not disappoint such
expectations, for it is quite as good reading as 'The Old Dominion.' The
picture of the very earliest days of Virginia is excellently painted, and the per-
sonages of the story are sympathetic and interesting." — Spectator.
"If 'The Old Dominion' had not previously attracted attention, her new
story must have assured her reputation." — Manchester Guardian.
"So exact in historical colour, so rich in glowing imagination and stirring
adventure, so full of pictorial charm and poetic description, so charged with
emotion and tender melancholy was 'The Old Dominion,' that it was with
lively anticipations that I turned to 'By Order of the Company,' and I find no
justification for disappointment." — The Echo.
"This admirable story is in every respect equal to the author's earlier
work, 'The Old Dominion' . . . We are sure every reader of her new book
will pronounce it a brilliant success." — The British Weekly.
"'By Order of the Company' has more than fulfilled the promise of 'The
Old Dominion ... a tale of ingenious, exciting adventure, at once catching the
attention, and holding it from first to last." — The Globe.
"Will hold the reader enthralled from first to last." — Publishers' Circular.
"There is not a dull page in the book." — The Sphere.
28
The Taming of the Jungle.
By C. W. DOYLE.
The Cover specially designed by J. T. NETTLESHIP.
3s. 6d.
"'The Taming of the Jungle' is one of the most striking books
of Indian life that we have seen since Mr. Kipling produced his
'Plain Tales from the Hills,' and it does not suffer by comparison
with the work that made Mr. Kipling famous."— Literature.
" One needs no previous knowledge of this folk of the Terai,
away there under the Himalayas, to appreciate the insight and
observation which characterise every stroke of the charming sketches.
It would be altogether unfair to say that the author owes his inspira-
tion to Mr. Kipling. He speaks from long and close experience;
and, what is better still, his note is his own ... In a brilliant
illustration by Mr. Nettleship, full of fire and movement, the beasts
of the jungle are seen careering across the back of the book. The
covers, in fact, have been drawn as well as any huntsman could do
it."— Punch.
"The author has evidently lived among the people and closely
studied their ways, so that, while the picture that he presents is
engaging, it also conveys a sense of verisimilitude." — Morning Post.
"I am impelled to say a word* in warm praise of the extremely
pleasant little book of Indian stories, without caring a fig for the
purely academic question as to whether they would have been put
forth exactly as they stand had Mr. Kipling never lived. Dr. Doyle
knows the folk of the Terai intimately; he has the power of spin-
ning a good story out of the good stuff with which his memory is
stored."— T. P. O'Connor in M. A. P.
The Shadow of Quong Lung.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.
29
SUNNINGWELL.
By F. WARRE CORNISH.
Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"No more agreeable picture of a clergyman has been
drawn since 'The Vicar of Wakefield.' No more sympa-
thetic or humorous treatment of a provincial society has
been published since 'Cranford.' It is only the form of these
two books which suggests comparison, for ' Sunningwell '
stands by itself and owes nothing to any one model." —
Speaker.
"This is a scholarly, well-written, and interesting book,
not without a good deal both of humour and of pathos." —
Manchester Guardian.
"The views put forward throughout the volume, whether
or not the writer's own, are always worth considering, even
when we dissent from them — certainly they cannot be lightly
put aside. And the book is excellent reading, for it is full
of vigorous and weighty sayings and full of humour too." —
Guardian.
The Catacombs of Paris.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
The Quest of Mr. East.
By JOHN SOANE.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
"An original and well thought out novel." — Academy.
"Well worthy of careful study." — Scotsman.
"It is clever and thoughtful." — Pall Mall Gazette.
3°
WORKS BY FIONA MACLEOD.
THE DOMINION OF DREAMS.
Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"For the gifts of Miss Fiona Macleod, it is impossible to use the common words of
gratitude. To people who live in a paved city, or a half-paved suburb, dimly conscious of
sky and aware of the voice of the wind only when a gale sings in the telegraph wires, her
writings are as the water of life. We know not, neither do we care, whether Fiona Macleod
be man, woman, or spirit, though we suppose her treasure is hidden in an earthen vessel.
Enough for us that she hears, as only poets hear, the old authentic voices of the world." —
Daily Chronicle.
"Of the extreme beauty and subtlety of Miss Fiona Macleod's writing there is no need
now to speak. She has caught the habit of the true Gael; who sees an idea in a picture
and expresses a thought in a metaphor." — Literature.
Green Fire.
A Story of the Western Islands.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
"There are few in whose hands the pure threads have been so skilfully and delicately
woven as they have in Fiona Macleod's." — Pall Mall Gazette.
The Laughter of Peterkin.
A Re-telling of Old Stories of the Celtic Wonder-world.
Illustrated by SUNDERLAND ROLLINSON.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
"The writing is full of beauty and passion." — St, James Gazette,
Caleb West.
By F. HOPKINSON SMITH.
(Author of " Tom Grogan," etc.)
Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"It is a long time since we have met with so satisfactory a book as 'Caleb West.'
Readers must go to the book for themselves, and enjoy its pathos, its humour, its rich
character-drawing, and its thrilling adventures, as we must confess that we have done." —
Speaker.
In the Shadow of the Crown.
By M. BIDDER.
With an introduction by Maurice Hewlett.
Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
" A remarkable book and one of great promise."— /W/ Mall Gazette.
3i
Over 200,000 copies sold.
JANICE MEREDITH.
A Story of the American Revolution.
By PAUL LEICESTER FORD.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
''Mr. Ford who is already a distinguished American writer, is greatly to be
congratulated on a very delightful novel, which, no less from its historical than
for its literary merit, will considerably add to his reputation." — The Daily News.
"The story is an excellent and carefully executed romance of love and
war . " — Spectator.
'' Janice and her girl friends are delightful." — Literature.
aMr. Ford has the right feeling for romance; he knows how to bring his
reader into the thick of the excitement and give him the right thrill of personal
participation in the struggle, and he keeps his grip on the reader's attention
through a long and interesting book." — The Speaker.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
The Story of an Untold Love.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
"You must by all means read 'The Story of an Untold Love.'" — Truth.
"The book may be commended to readers of all classes and tastes."-
Atheneeum.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
Tattle Tales of Cupid.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
" There is not one of them that is not dainty and entertaining." — Daily Mail.
KA very attractive and highly entertaining book by the clever author of
'The Story of an Untold Love.'" — Observei .
DRACULA.
By BRAM STOKER.
Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"In seeking a parallel to this weird, powerful and horrible storv, our minds
revert to such tales as 'The Mysteries of Adolpho,' 'Frankenstein,' 'Wuthering
Heights,' 'The Fall of the House of Usher," and 'Marjery of Quelher.' But
'Dracula' is even more appalling in its gloomy fascination than any one of
these." — Daily Mail.
"It is horrid and creepy to the last degree. It is also excellent, and one
of the best things in the supernatural line that we have been lucky enough to
hit upon."— Pall Mall Gazette.
32
THE WORKS OF
GEORGE MEREDITH.
New. uniform Edition.
Crown 8vo, bound in red cloth.
With a Frontispiece in photogravure to each Volume after
Frederick Sandys, Leslie Brooke, William Hyde,
Rob Sauber, Bernard Partridge and others.
6s. each.
THE. ORDEAL OF RICHARD FEVEREL.
EVAN HARRINGTON.
SANDRA BELLONI.
VITTORIA.
RHODA FLEMING.
THE ADVENTURES OF HARRY RICHMOND.
BEAUCHAMP'S CAREER. 4.
THE EGOIST.
DIANA OF THE CROSSWAYS.
ONE OF OUR CONQUERORS.
LORD ORMONT AND HIS AMINTA.
THE AMAZING MARRIAGE.
THE SHAVING OF SHAGPAT.
THE TRAGIC COMEDIANS.
SHORT STORIES—
The Tale of Chloe — The House on the Beach— Farina
— The Case of General Ople and Lady Camper.
POEMS. 2 Volumes.
Uniform with the above, without Frontispiece.
An Essay on Comedy
and the Use of the Comic Spirit
Printed at the Motley Press, 18 Eldon St., E.C.
/
7
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™«L»B« ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
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